sickened, the disease was contagious. If it was 
arrested, it was not easy to say how soon the animal 
might safely mix with the others. The Legislature 
might, with much benefit to the country, take this 
matter up. On the Continent, the measures taken by 
governments had done much to stay the ravageB of 
the disease. In some countries, if a herd wan affeot- 
ed, it was compulsory to sepnraUs it immediately; the 
proprietor whs compensated by government, whoso 
officers took possession of the herd. Those badly 
diseased were slaughtered, and those that were not 
affected, or had recovered, were branded on the horn, 
so us to ho always known. By the adoption of such 
meaHuros as these, much had been done to lessen the 
severity of the scourge. 
The principles of treatment could only be put into 
operation by a Veterinary Surgeon. As a farmer 
himself, and addressing farmers, be would recom¬ 
mend when the disease was decided, to spend nothing 
in physic. Get rid of the beast as soon as possible. 
The first loss is the best. 
simply from the field having been rolled, instead of 
being left rough from the harrow. Upon such land 
the seed must always be buried deeply, say two inches, 
for this gives the plant a better opportunity for 
securing itself to the spot.” 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
agricultural, literary and family journal. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
Redding Horses on Sawdust. 
A late issue of the London Field contains the 
results of an experiment the feasibility of which has 
been discussed somewhat in our columns. The 
writer says: 
" Having used sawdust as bedding for horses for a 
length of time, the result of my experience may uot 
be unacceptable to some of your inquiring readers, 
I Utter the horses on it to the depth of sis and nine 
inches, raking off the damp and soiled surface every 
morning, and spreading evenly ft little fresh, remov¬ 
ing the whole only four times a year. Its advantages 
appear to ho man}', of which I will state a few which 
give it, in ruy estimation. Its great superiority over 
straw. It is much cleaner and more easily arranged, 
and of Course much cheaper at first cost, making in 
the end excellent manure. It is peculiarly beneficial 
to the feet, affording them a cool porous stalling, a 
substitute for the soil or earth we always find lu the 
hoofs of a horse at grass, and presents the nearest 
resemblance to the horse's natural footing the earth. 
We have never had a diseased foot since the intro¬ 
duction of sawdust in the stabled, now some years 
since. Horses bedded on sawdust are also freer from 
dust and stains than when on ordinary litter (simply 
because sawdust is a better absorbent, perhaps,) and 
testify their own approval of it by frequently rolling 
and lying down for hours in the day. It also has the 
recommendation of being uneatable — an advantage 
which all in charge of horses with tlio habit of con¬ 
suming their litter will readily admit. Being free 
from pungent smell, which is apt to accompany 
straw (unless vury morupatously ktspt. ) it in innocent 
to weak cy.m, and Hu sH/flit torpuntin^, ,ydnr in rather 
a sweetenin' dnu UtDei vL.,.*. Ti ", ,|.e3 i«h u •on- 
verted into manure) the beBt possible foundation for 
hot-beds, and, unlike other stable manure, forms no 
harbor of refuge for vermin. Pine sawdust is the 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Purity. Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautifnl in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes hie per¬ 
sona) attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural an eminently 
Reliable Guide on all the important Practical. Scientific, and 
other Subject# intimately connected with the business of 
those whose interests it. zealously advocates As a Family 
Journal it is eminently Instructive and Entertaining—being 
so conducted that it enn t,e safely taken to the Hearts and 
Homes of people of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educa¬ 
tional, Literary and News Matter, inleTepereed with appropriate 
and beautiful Engravings, than any other journal,—rendering 
it the most complete Aoricui.turaL. Literary axd Family 
.VKwsrAFSR in Amerigo. 
For Terms and other particu lars, see last page. 
FI GO RE 1. — MOVABl.B-PIUMB J8EE-U1VE, 
Some persons are disposed to consider Bee Culture 
rather a small matter, and this is most likely to be 
the case with those who look at the cause instead of 
the effect — the insect is small, the cause seems insig¬ 
nificant, but the result is by uo meuas unimportant. 
The last published Census shows that in 1850, in this 
State, 1,766,830 pounds of honey and beeswax were 
produced. This, at one shilling per pound, would 
give $213,478. Of this, Steuben county must be 
credited with nearly $12,000, and Delaware over $10,- 
000. Missouri grows nearly as much honey as New 
York. Allowing JO pounds of honey and wax as the 
product of each hive in this State, it would give 175,- 
583 as the number of a warms, or les9 than four to a 
square mile. 
We learn from the best authority that in Ger¬ 
many the same number of thousands would be a 
very low estimate for the same extent of territory; 
and a friend recently returned from Europe informs 
us that bees are kept by almost every cottager in 
Switzerland, and that there, honey is as commonly 
used us butter. The gable ends of almost every 
Cottage arc furnished with shelves on which the hive* 
stand, protected in some measure from the weather 
by the projecting roofs peculiar to Swiss Archi¬ 
tecture. 
If, instead of having only four stocks to the 
square mile in this State, we kept one hundred, 
which is only a fraction of what we might do, and 
tlie product of each hive in honey and wax were only 
10 pounds for each colony, the value would he about 
Jive millions of dollars. These fads will give some 
idea of the importance of Bee Culture and the loss 
which we annually, sustain by its neglect. 
In regard to the queries above, we must be allowed 
to remark that it is not our custom to speak in praise 
of implements or machines, the right of which is 
secured to tljeir owners by patent right and can only 
be used by fanners on the payment of the inventor’s 
fees; nor do wo design usually to give speoiul promi¬ 
nence to the invention of one party over another, 
Unless, as it may sometimes happen, it becomes 
necessary for the interest of our readers, to save them 
from deception or loss, or to bring to their notioe 
something of unusual value. But, occasionally, 
some one steps out from the beaten track and takes a 
station far inadvance of his fellows, making improve¬ 
ments and discoveries that revolutionize old sys¬ 
tems, and effect* such an entire change for the better 
that to attempt to keep silent us to its nature or 
advantages would be about as wise and practical as 
to ignore the existence of railroads or the telegraph. 
TbiB is eminently the case with the Rev. L. L. Lang- 
bikoth and his Movable Comb Hive. So completely 
have his researches and hive changed the system of 
bee keeping, that we cannot. speak of the Italian bees, 
or thv best method of wintering or feeding bees, or 
destroying the miller, without being compelled to 
allude to the Laugstroth lllve, much as it may dis¬ 
please owners of other hives, or operate against out¬ 
general rule. Our own experience impels us to pur¬ 
sue this course — for we have tested the system to our 
entire satisfaction, and M. Quinsy, E. Kikbv, and 
M. M. Baldrioof., of this State, Dr. J. P. Kjktlanh, of 
Cleveland, and others of our friends and correspond¬ 
ents, among the best apiarians in the country, are 
unanimous in their praise of the system of managing 
the Bee made practicable in the l.anustroth Hive, 
The form of the hive is shown in the engraving, 
figure 1, with the top and honey board removed, so 
as to expose the interior. In this chamber are placed 
ten open frames, like figure 2. These are sua- 
r.NTKRKn according to act of ConKreMn. iu the year 1S61, by 
D. D, T Moore, in the omen of the Clerk of the DisLrict 
Court fur tbe tioMnn District of New York. 
l'{T Oor only ohject tn copyrijrlitins this paper is to secure 
what every honorable Jounudist will freely yrant - proper 
credit for articles selected from its pages. Any and every 
journal >• at liberty, and invited, to copy freely, by crediting 
each original article or illustration to Rural New- Yorker. 
HIGH AND LOW FEEDING. 
Figure 8. 
The engraving, figure 3, shows a frame filled with 
comb. These Dames can he taken out every day or 
week, according to the curiosity of the bee keeper or 
the necessities of the bees. Of course, this gives an 
opportunity for a thorough e urn iuti of the inte¬ 
rior of the hive, so that the much 
about, tbw condition print-J..--•0t.lf-.-t’ hoKoy, 
&c., as he does of the condition of his stock, or of 
his granary. 
This handling a “bees’ nest” may be thought by 
some a frightful operation, but we can assure our 
readers “it's nothing when you’re used to it.” A 
careful man, or woman either, may manage a score 
of stocks a whole season, and Beldorn receive a sting. 
All that is necessary is to understand the business 
and do it carefully and quietly. As Boon as lint ope¬ 
rator begins to take off tbe honey board, a few of the 
more excitable of the bees will send forth their angry 
toncB and prepare for an attack upon the intruder. 
Have a roll of cotton doth on which a little tobacco 
has been sprinkled, with one end on fire, but not 
blazing, and blow a little of the smoke upon the 
excited bees. They will retire. Now remove the 
board slowly, and if any bees show signs of attack, 
give them a little more smoke. This will so alarm 
them that fearing they arc to be turned out of house 
and home, now that the roof is gone, and deter¬ 
mined to save as much as 
they can carry, they will fill 
themselves with honey, and ||||||ij|j gfifl 
in this condition can be MlgiN'iM)TUBl 
handled as safely as flies. ifttikiwl 
But occasionally there is one hyfcjj'^ijill'jma 
more excitable than the rest, 
or with less love of sweet- 
ness. To be entirely secure, Jhftfl® 
therefore, the bee keeper, f mR 
INQUIRIES AND NOTES 
Facts about Potatoes. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —I would like to hear more 
" Facts about Potatoes,” as I was very much interested in 
your remarks about them, especially the Davis Seedling. 1 
planted some of them last year, and they will hear all the 
praise you gave them os to quality, productirenesr . and good 
r n, iruj Out of thirty lw<’ kinds plual-id, noUdeg equaled 
lb .uni n freeitom from tot and productiveness. ,Out of seven 
t, nine bushels there was not a pock of rotton potatoes, 
while Mesbanocks grown along aide of them did not pay for 
digging. The next best potato I raised was the Shaw. I 
think highly of It for cxrliness, freedom from rot, great pro¬ 
ductiveness, good eating and keeping; hut I need uot praise, 
it, as you probably raised it last year from immo sent you by 
J. W. Hklmk, of the city of Adrian. Please give as ypnr 
experience in the potato line for the last year. It will do the 
farmers good lo read such sensible articles as thatlaat was.— 
J. G. MoC.. Adrian. Mali., 1861. 
We are still well pleased with the Davis Seedling, 
and though we have a dozen good kinds in our cellar 
for eating, this is preferred before all others, and we 
have eaten it almost every day the past winter. We 
hope farmers aqd potato growers will give it a trial. 
Beed can now be obtained here, and we presume at 
many other places, at only a little more than the 
price charged for other good varieties. We feel safe 
in repeating what we said last year, that it is the 
most productive good potato we cultivate. The 
Shaw we think well of. It ripens early, and is of 
good quality; but wo shall be better able to judge of 
its merits alter the experience of the present season, 
as our experiment! last year were pretty much 
brought to nought by the injury done to the tops by 
insects. Boon after the first of June, an insect, (the 
Phytocoru^) which has been accused of causing the 
rot, attacked tbe leaves in immense numbers, aod all 
varieties alike. AU we could do by dusting with 
lime and ashes, plaster, though it may have 
checked their ravages, did not destroy them, or pre¬ 
vent great injury. The plants suffered from the loss 
of the leaves, looked sickly and dirty, ripened off 
early, and the potatoes were small, but did not show 
the least signs of rot. From appearances during the 
season, we anticipated a good deal of rot, but in 
several hundred bushels of some forty kinds, grown 
entirely for experiment, we did not find one rotten 
tuber. 
In consequence of the depredations of these 
inlets, our experiments with different manures, and 
varieties of potatoes, modes of planting, &c., are of 
no practical value, and muat be repeated. We regret 
this the more because after baying failed in a trial of 
some of Goodrich’s Seedlings tbe previous year, we 
were anxious for the results. 
i fnkte ,l,»a ......... u> W- ’i’lmost uoiv •vsn.lly relied on—if 
animals could bo '*got through the winter,” by 
running ever so narrow a chance for their lives, it 
was deemed a decided success,- — if we didn't have a 
“backward spring,” they could get up alone by tbe 
first of June, would be entirely out of danger by tho 
first of July, have tolerably smooth coats by first 
of August, caper and seem glad in September, show 
signs of decided thrift vn October, and in November 
be lit. to kill to make broth for a dyspeptic. 
My friend John Johnston, who is a little ultra, 
proposes a new plan entirely, while I go in for a 
“compromise.” He demands roast beef tho year 
round,— I would take something I'-ss. Much, how¬ 
ever, depends on circumstances. In more Southern 
latitudes, where animals Can pick their own living 
pretty much all the year, if land is cheap, and labor 
scarce and high, I would depend mainly on grass, and 
uot much on gram. A man may own a thousand 
acres, and a thousand cattle, and pasture them with- 
, out hired help,- perhaps in part on “Government 
land,”—and they may pay him a good profit, for his 
; thousand acres may have oust him but it thousand 
• dollars,—perhaps not $500. But If be should make 
• up his mind that his cattle must eat a certain amount 
I of grain, say six quarts per head every day for six 
i months, so that they should " gain the year round,” 
- according to Mr. Jojinoton’b plan, then they will 
> require one hundred and eighty-seven bushels of 
- grain per day, and the owner must employ ft troop of 
men and derive uncertain profit*. 
, Gorn will not grow on the “voluntary” principle, 
, like grass. Com costs labor, and labor costs monoy. 
; Ora**, aB I have intimated, in Southern und Western 
i latitudes sometimes coats mere nothing, and at that 
t in-ice, 1 would certainly use it in preference to corn, 
i and, except to finish up the beef with, pretty much to 
1 the exclusion of corn. Gircurost&uces certainly alter 
5 cases. Where laud is dear and labor cheap, as in oor 
• oldest settled districts, I would not let whole farms 
i would use more labor, and less land. 
BKK-HAT. 
go to grass. 
There cau be no doubt but twice as many cattle can 
be kept on fifty acre*, if yon raise a certain propor¬ 
tion of grain and roots, as there could if you fed 
exclusively on grass and bay. Hut it will take finer 
times as much labor Ur raise and feud the grain and 
roots, as it would to use hay und grass. This princi¬ 
ple is understood by those who adopt the method of 
“ sodingfl — or keeping cattle up tlicrycar round. It 
is practiced only in densely settled districts, where 
land is high, and labor low, as in Great Britain, 
Holland, and around large cities. 
It must he confessed that the chances for keeping 
cattle on grass for nothing arc growing beautifully 
less, und with the progress of population will disap¬ 
pear liUlirely, when there will he a demand for more 
labor to the “ square mile” than one man can bestow. 
It is quite probable, even now, that a certain amount 
of grain may be fed with profit in nearly every section 
of the country to all kinds of farm stock; not enough 
grain “ to keep cattle gaining the year round," per¬ 
haps, but sufficient to keep them strong and healthy. 
The wonderful capacity of our Southern and 
Western lands for tbe production of corn, and ite 
consequent cheapness, is a reason why farmer* in 
that quarter should Iced it to cattle and sheep, as well 
as hogs—the extent to which it should he used will 
depend upon peculiarities of location, und various 
other circumstances. Extreme obesity should be 
guarded against, always, aud I repeat a caution 
which I gave in a former article against leeding 
breeding animals too high, and again insist that 
good condition should be secured by attention to 
EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE 
Bee Culture und lieu Hives. 
Eds. Rural New Yorksr —In the Rural 1 have often 
noticed the hives with uqvable frames spoken of, and thejr 
advantages. I would ask for a more particular description, 
Ac., be.— M. D. D,, Avyca, Steuben Co., N. Y., 1861. 
Epg. Rural Nr>v Yorker;— Please give us all the light 
you can in regard to the management of bees, as it is becom¬ 
ing an interesting and important matter. Is the Movable 
Frame Hive worth its cost, or js it like so many others with 
which the farmers lure been gulled!'—W orker, Brie Co., N. 
Y., 1861. 
On this subject there is now felt a great deal of 
interest, as the number of inquiries similar to tbe 
above, as well as other signilicant facts, clearly indi¬ 
cate. The belief is becoming pretty general that we 
can make honey in most sections of our country at a 
few cents per pound, and far cheaper than sugar or 
any other sweetening substance. Our land aboundsin 
honey-bearing flowers that waste their sweetnesson tbe 
desert air, while nature has provided us with work 
era—models of industry iu all lands and in all ages — 
that will gather and store all this honey for ns without 
fee or reward, only asking for their compensation a 
little well arranged house to live in, and an opportu¬ 
nity to partake of a portion of the fruits of their own 
industry. 
Cultivation of Out*. 
In our last review of European journals, we ggve 
ap article from the Royal Agricultural Journal, con- 
tnipiug the results of many years’ experience in the 
culture of Barley, aod now condense a cummnuica- 
tion from the same pep, on the growth of Oats. The 
author remarks, that the natural energy of the root 
of the Out renders this crop admirably adapted for 
sowing on old sod-land. He recoimueuds plowing 
up an old sod in the fall and leaving it till seed time 
in the spring. During this interval frosts are almost 
certain to have crumbled the surface and produced a 
Dice light mold for the seed; such land will then 
present the most desirable seed-bed for Oats — a soil 
well charged with vegetable matter, firm beneath yet 
easy of penetration for the rooting of the plant, with 
a surface light aud free in its character for the germi¬ 
nation of tho seed. This firmness of land for the root 
must be distinguished from tho hardness with which 
Wheat will contend after it has once made a fair 
growth. He favors leaving the land rather rough 
after sowing, and says,—“I have kno/m the greater 
portion of a crop of Oats blown oil' the ground, 
Figure 2. 
pended by the ends of the top of the frame resting on 
rabbets prepared for the purpose, as shown in figure 
1. To furnish a guide to the bees in tbe construction 
of their combs, a thin piece of coiub is attached to the 
underside of the top piece of the frame, or a triangu¬ 
lar piece of wood will answer the same purpose. 
After all the frames arc prepared iu this way and 
placed in the chamber, the honey board, which gene¬ 
rally has nine holes to allow the bees access to the 
spare honey boxes, is put on, as also tbe honey 
boxes, the whole being covered with a convenient 
“ top.” The bees are now allowed to take possession 
of the hive. Here we may remark that if the apia¬ 
rian has good empty comb on hand, he can attach it 
TWO DOLLARS .A. YEAH.] 
“ PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
fl 
[ SINGLE NO. EOTTR CENTS. 
Y0L. xn. NO. 15.1 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR TIIE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, APRIL 13, 1861. 
rWHOLE NO. 587. 
% 
llip 
1ft Bl'lfcr*- IV * 
