received. The Yankee reporta that she arrived at 
Norfolk on the afternoon of the 17tli. Finding a 
movement on foot to seize her, she proceeded to the 
Navy Yard and placed her under the guns. The 18th 
the Custom officers came to seize her, but the 
commodore of the Yard refused to yield her. The 
Yankee towed the Cumberland to Fortress Monroo. 
The Pawnee under Commodore Paulding on arrival 
at Fortress Monroe, took aboard the 3d Massachusetts 
regiment, and proceeded to the Navy Yard; found 
officers had commenced destroying the public prop¬ 
erty, to prevent its falling into tho hands of the 
enemy, and had scuttled all the ships; the Cumber¬ 
land being the only one in. Preparations were made 
to make the demolition complete. The Pawnee with 
the Cumberland in tow assisted by the Yankee, 
started, and after passing the Navy Yard, sent up a 
signal rocket, and in an instant, ships, ship-houses, 
and storehouses were in Karnes, and so rapid were 
they that Commander Roger's of the Navy and Capt. 
Wright of the Engineers were unable to meet at the 
point of rendezvous where a boat was waiting for 
them, and were left behind. 
Among the most valuable property destroyed is tho 
liners Pennsylvania, Coiambus, und New York, on 
the stocks, and also the Delaware; frigatesMerrimac, 
and Potomac; sloops, Germantown and Plymouth; 
brig Dolphin; large quantities of provisions, cord¬ 
age, and buildings of great value. The Pawnee left 
convoy the transports upon the bay. Thus the con¬ 
trol of that important inland sea is secured to the 
loyalists. 
At the same time the Seventh New York rcgimqnt, 
and the Massachusetts troops which were at Phila¬ 
delphia and nnabte to get through Baltimore without 
reinforcements, were sent forward to Havre de Grace 
and thence by steamer to Annapolis. The .Seventh 
regiment occupied that railroad terminus, and the 
Massachusetts volunteers wore pushed forward to the 
junction, 17 miles south of Baltimore. By this move¬ 
ment the Government has secured absolute control 
and possession of a railroad communication across 
the State of Maryland. Troops can now be scut for¬ 
ward via. Philadelphia, Havre de Grace or Annapolis, 
or direct by sea to Washington. General Scott has 
two strings to his bow. 
Tn the meantime let our impatient people, who 
want an army marched through Baltimore, wait. In 
a few days the forces at Harrisburgh will bo large 
enough to detach, say, 30,000 men. An army of that 
number can peaceably occupy Baltimore, restore to us 
that route, and afford a rallying point to the Union 
sentiment of Maryland. That this movement is Is in 
contemplation is evident from the repairs and rebuild¬ 
ing of bridges on the Northern Central Railroad, 
already begun. The army of occupation for Mary¬ 
land must, however, leave behind it a sufficient body 
to repel any invasion of Pennsylvania. From twelve 
to fifteen thousand rebels will soon be concentrated 
at Harper’s Ferry. Their position Is dangerous. In 
a few days they will have to the north of them 
Camp Curtin, to tho east the army of occupation in 
Baltimore, to the south the army at Washington, and 
after that it needs only a sufficient force to march on 
Richmond to cat up the rebel army into divided 
sections, unable to co-operate, and surrounded on 
evt'ry side by superior forces. If this is done, the 
campaign will bo completed before summer opens. 
The fleet, during the summer, cun blockade the 
Southern ports, and as cold weather comes on, the 
recapture of the forts along the coast can be accom¬ 
plished with safety. Such, it seems to us, is tho 
theory of the lirst stage of the war. 
BEADING 
HARRIS 
The First Icebergs. 
Icebergs! Icebergs! The cry brought us upon 
deck at sunrise. There they were, two of them, a 
large one and a smaller; the latter pitched upon the 
dark and misty desert of the sea like an Arab’s tent; 
and the larger like a domed mosque in marble of a 
greenish white. The vaporous atmosphere veiled its 
sharp outlines, and gave it a softened, dreamy, and 
mysterious character. Distant and dim, it was yet 
verv grand and impressive. Enthroned on the deep in 
lonely majesty, the dread of mariners, and the won¬ 
der of the traveler, it was one of those imperial 
creations of nature that awaken powerful emotions, 
and illumine the imagination. Wonderful structure! 
Fashioned by those fingers that wrought the glitter¬ 
ing fabrics of the npper deep, and launched upon 
those adamantine ways into Arctic seas, how beauti¬ 
ful, how strong and terrible! A glacier slipped into 
the ocean, and henceforth a wandering cape, a rest¬ 
less headland, a revolving island, to compromise 
the security of .the world’s broad highway. No 
chart, no sonnding, no knowledge of latitude avails 
to fix thy whereabout, thou roving lsbmael of the 
sea. No look-out, and no friendly hail nr authorita¬ 
tive warning cam cope with thy secrecy or thy silence. 
Mist and darkness are thy work-day rai ment Though 
the watchman lay his ear to the water, he may not 
hear thy coming footsteps. — “After Icebergs with a 
Painter ,” by Rev. Louis L. Noble. 
arlisle 
CPAM8ERS3 
PHILADELPHIA 
WILMINGTON 
HANOVER 
RAVER 
DE CRACE 
CCCKNEVSVILLEl 
^.BALTIMORE 
harpers 
ferry 
DOVER 
GEORGETOWN^ 
WASHINGTON 
ALEXANDRIA^. 
ANHAPOLIS 
Ml.VERNON 
Talk about Icebergs. 
The Rev. Mr. Wood says that an iceberg is to 
him the most impressive of all objects. Most beauti¬ 
ful in its life and changes, it is. next to an earth¬ 
quake, most terrible and appaling, in the moment of 
its destruction, to those who may happen to be near 
it. Upon the falling of its peaks and precipices, 
waves and thunders carry the intelligence across the 
waters. Lofty, as it frequently is, the head only, 
belmeted and plumed with dazzling beauty, is above 
the sea. In its solemn march along the blue main, 
how it steps upon the high places of the deep, is all 
unseen. Around its mighty form, far down its ala¬ 
baster cliffs and caverns, no eye plays but that of the 
imagination. When it pauses in its last repose, and 
perishes, at times, a3 qnickly as if it were smitten by 
the lightning, you may stand in the distance and 
ga/.e with awe, but never draw near to witness the 
motions and sounds of its dissolution.— lb. 
RICHMOND 
PETERSBURG' 
Where ilie War Strength Lien. 
The Missouri Democrat publishes a communica¬ 
tion from a correspondent, in which the statistics 
furnished are considered by the editor its “highly 
suggestive and important.” He thinks, furthermore, 
that " they will show conclusively which way the cat 
is likely to jump.” 
The wliito population of those .States which have 
responded to the call of the President is as follows: 
New York, .3,887,000 Iowa,'.674,000 
I’onnsylvunia, . <1,906,000 Maine,_628,000 
Ohio,..2,330,000 Maryland, _599,000 
Illinois,..1,711,1810 Connecticut, . 460,000 
[NORFOLK. 
GOSPORT 
'ostshoutm 
Coekneysville in 24 miles north of Baltimore, on the Balti¬ 
more and Susquehanna Railroad, and has about 300 inhab¬ 
itants. 
Arlington Heights is in Virginia, across the Potomac from 
Washington, and commands a portion of the city. 
Philadelphia is 137 miles from Washington, and 87 from 
New York. 
llarrisbnrg, the capital of Pennsylvania, and the general 
depot for the Pennsylvania troops, Is situated 106 miles from 
Philadelphia, 71 from Baltimore, and 110 from Washington. 
Carlisle is the capital of Cumberland Co., Penn., and is 15 
miles west of Harr isburg. The U. 8. barracks, hair a mile 
from the village, were built in 1777, chiefly by the labor of 
Hessians captured at Trenton. They aro sufficient for a gar¬ 
rison of 2,000 soldiers, and the general government have 
established a school for cavalry practice here. 
Chainbersburg, the capital of Franklin Co., Penn., is 45 
miles S. W of Harrisburg. 
Mast places mentioned in our telegraphic dispatches, and 
which seem destined to play important parts, are not laid 
down on common maps, and the question is often asked 
“ Where are they, how t's.r from Washington?” kc. We will 
mention a few and their distances, as shown in our engraving 
Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Cosport, are about 215 miles 
south of Washington. 
Fort .Monroe is on Old Point Comfort, 200 miles south of 
Washington 
Richmond is 120 miles from Washington. 
Annapolis, from Washington by straight line, is 30 miles; 
by Railroad the track would be like > and the distance 40 
miles; by water 250 miles. 
The distance from Baltimore to the Federal Capital is 39 
miles. 
Havre de Grace is at the head of Chesapeake Bay, 94 miles 
from Washington. 
Wilmington is 70 miles N. E. from Baltimore. 
Cod-Liver OH. 
Wf. visited a cod-liver oil manufactory. The 
process of making this article is quite simple. The 
livers, fresh from the flsb, and nearly white, aro 
cleanly washed, and thrown into a cauldron heated 
by steam instead of fire, where they gradually dis¬ 
solve into oil, which is dipped out hot and strained, 
first through conical felt hags, and then through 
those made of white moleskin, from which it runs 
pure and sweet as table-oil. Wine-glasses were at 
hand, from which we tasted it, and found it entirely 
agreeable. In this state it is barreled for market, 
and sold at an average price of^oue dollar and fifty 
cents per gallon. By what process it is transmuted 
into that horrid stuff which is sold at a high price, 
in small bottles, perhaps the druggist can inform us. 
Harrisburg,— Camp “Curtin.” 
The capital of Pennsylvania seems destined to 
prove un important point in our presont difficulties. 
The Northern troops are ordered to concentrate there 
while Gen. Scott considers whether ho will march 
them In force upon Baltimore, or send them by Havre 
de Grace, the Chesapeake Bay, and Annapolis. A 
correspondent of the Buffalo Courier gives the follow¬ 
ing brief notes: 
The Capitol at Harrisburg is a worthy object of the 
traveler’s attention. It is planned very ranch like 
the Capitol at Washington. The rotunda forms the 
center of the building, and the Senate and House the 
wings. In the Senate chamber I saw tWO very fine 
paintings; one of Washington and one of William 
Penn. Underneath the picture of Penn is another, 
portraying the attempted martyrdom of Jolm Harris, 
the original proprietor of Harrisburg. On the man- 
tal is a stone Eagle, cut by a sailor with a knife and 
nail, brought from Alexandria, in Egypt, by Coin. 
Elliot of the Old Ironsides, aud by him presented to 
the State, July 4th, 1837. The State Library is very 
fine. It contains 25,000 volumes. 
At Harrisburg I found every thing on the qui vine. 
Early in the morning 1 wended my way to Camp 
"Curtin,” in the Harrisburg Park. T sought the 
head-quarters, where I made the aequiantanco of the 
commanding officers, who kindly famished rue items. 
The camp indeed looked warlike and splendid.— 
Over four hundred tents are pitched on the grounds, 
and between every two rows of tents are two cooking 
stoves, with a short extempore pipe, doing active 
service. Banners and flags were floating resplendent 
in the sunlight, and tho strains of martial music en¬ 
livened the scene greatly. Gov. Curtin was on the 
ground, giving orders and dispatching business. He 
seems to bo the man for the times, and will no doubt, 
do his duty. There are about 4,000 troops here, uud 
they aro drilled from morning till night. 
worthy of his life. His intellect was not for a 
moment clouded. His fortitude was the more admira¬ 
ble, because he was not willing to die. He had 
very lately said to one of those whom he most loved, 
“You know that I never feared death; there havo 
been times when 1 should have wished it; but, now 
that this great new prospect is opening before me, I 
do wish to stay hero a little longer.” Yet no weak¬ 
ness, no querulousness, disgraced tho noble close of 
that noble career. To the physicians, the king 
returned his thanks graciously and gently. “ I 
know that you havo done all that skill and learning 
could do for me; but the case Is beyond your art, 
and I submit.” From the words which escaped him 
he seemed to be frequently engaged in mental prayer. 
Barnet and Tenison remained many hours in the 
sick room. He professed to them his firm belief in 
the truth of the Christian religion, and received the 
sacrament from their hands with great seriousness. 
The ante-chambers were crowded all night with lords 
and privy ciinacillors. He ordered several of them 
to be called in, and exerted himself to take leave of 
them with a lew kind and cheerful words. Among 
tho English who were admitted to his bedside were 
Devonshire and Ormond. But there were in the 
crowd those who felt as no Englishman could feel — 
friends of hi3 y^nth who had been true to him, and 
to whom he bai 
Philip II of Spain. 
The Husband of the Queen of England, known 
as “ Bloodv Mary,” was Philip II of Spain, whose 
characier is portrayed by Mr. Motley, in his recent 
“History of the United Netherlands,” in the follow¬ 
ing paragraph: 
A small, dull, elderly, imperfectly educated, patient, 
plodding invalid, with white hair, and protruding 
under jaw, and dreary visage, was sitting day after 
day, seldom speaking, never Biniling, seven or eight 
hours out of every twenty-four, at a writing table 
covered with heaps of interminable dispatches, in a 
cabinet far away beyond the seas and mountains, in 
the very heart of Spain. A clerk or two noiselessly 
opening and shutting the door, from time to time, 
fetching fresh bundles of letters, and taking away 
others — all written and composed by secretaries or 
high functionaries—and all to be scrawled over in 
the margin by the diligent old man, in a big school¬ 
boy’s hand and style—if ever schoolboy, even in the 
sixteenth century, could write so illegibly, or express 
himself so awkwardly; couriers iu the courtyard 
arriving Irom or departing for the uttermost parts of 
earth,—Asia, Africa, America, Europe,—to fetch and 
earn- these interminable epistles, which contained 
the irresponsible commands of this oue individual, 
and were freighted with the doom aud destiny of 
countless millions of the world’s inhabitants,—such 
was the system of government 3gainst which the 
Netherlands had protested and revolted. It was a 
system under which their fields had been made deso¬ 
late, their cities burned and pillaged, their men 
hanged, burned, drowned, or hacked to pieces; their 
women subjected to every outrage; and to put an end 
to which the'y hud been devoting their treasure and 
their blood, for nearly tho length of one generation. 
It was a system, too, which, among other results, 
had just brought about the death of the foremost 
statesman of Europe, and had nearly effected simnl- 
taueouely, the murder of the most emiuent sovereign 
in the world. The industrious PaiLir, safe and 
tranquil in the depths of the Eacurial, saying his 
prayers three times a doy with exemplary regularity, 
had just sent three bullets through the body of Wil¬ 
liam the Silent, at bis dining-room door in Delft. * 
* * * Invisible as the Grand Lama of Thibet, 
clothed with power as extensive and absolute as had 
ever been wielded by the most imperial Ca-sar, Philip 
the Prudent, as he grew older aud feebler in mind 
and body, seemed to become more gluttonous of 
work, more ambitious to extend his sceptre over 
lauds which he had never Been or dreamed of seeing, 
—more fixed in his determination to annihilate that 
monster Protestantism, which it had been the busi¬ 
ness of his life to combat,—more eager to put to 
death every human creature, whether anointed 
monarch or humble artisan, that defended heresy, or 
opposed his progress to universal empire. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y., MAY 4, 1861 
FACTS, SCENES, INCIDENTS, ETC 
Fori Monroe, Norfolk, etc. 
On reference to the map we present in the present 
issue, it will be observed that the only entrance to 
Virginia by water is through Chesapeake Bay, and 
that, if guarded in a proper manner by the United 
States, there is no fear of any rebel force approach¬ 
ing the capital, from the Sonthern coast, through 
that route. In addition to this, when once fully in 
possession of the general government, the maritime 
power of both Maryland and Virginia would be com- 
lf the Southern rebels were 
War or X« War. 
The Washington Star presents its view of a cer¬ 
tain subject which seems to havo befogged very 
many of tho minds of tho country, and those who 
are still In the dark, whether North or South, will 
bo benefited by its perusal: 
The seceders marched in armed bodies, and com¬ 
pelled tho guards of tho United States forts and 
arsenals to surrender them; but it was not war. 
With arms in their hands they captured millions 
of dollars worth of cannon, small arms and muni¬ 
tions of war, belonging to the United States; but it 
was not war. 
They seized the ships of the United States; but it 
was not war. 
They seized the mints and tho money of tho United 
States, and applied them to their own use; but it 
was not uiar. 
They fired on an unarmed ship, carrying supplies 
to a fortress of the United States; but it was not war. 
They are beacigiug the fortresses of the United 
States, have surrounded them with military works, 
and cut off their supplies; bat it is not war. 
But if the United States attempt to relieve their be- 
leagaered garrison, or even to send them provisions 
iu an unarmed vessel, it is u>ur. 
If they attempt to transport ft cannon from one fort 
to another, or from a foundry to a fort, 1 1 is war. 
If they transfer a soldier from fort to fort, or from 
state to state, it is war. 
If they send out a ship to protect their loyal 
citizens, it is war. 
To talk of executing their laws, protecting their 
commerce, or collecting their revenue, it is war, hor¬ 
rible war. 
Since the foregoing was written, the rebels have 
tired on Fort Sumter. Is that war l 
pletely under control, 
to possess these points, every effort to reinforce 
Washington would prove a doubtful success, more 
especially as the land route is now rendered imprac¬ 
ticable by the acts of the mob in Baltimore. 
It will be seen where the James river empties its 
waters that a peninsula (known as old Point Comfort,) 
juts out between the river and the bay, and on this 
projection is situated Fort Monroe, the largest 
fortress in the United States. Eighty acres are 
embraced within the fortification, and to man it 
efficiently about 5,000 men shoifld be employed. On 
the opposite shore, toward Norfolk, is Fort Calhoun. 
As an exhibit of the value of Monroe to the seces¬ 
sionists, Gov. Wise lately declared that Virginia 
must possess that fort if it took twenty thousand men 
to accomplish the feat. Fortunately Virginia stands 
a poor chance of getting it, for beside several 
hundred regular troops, one thousand Massachusetts 
volunteers were thrown into it last week, with the 
requisite supplies of ammunition and provisions. 
To be added to the natural advantages already 
Cited, is the fact that tho fort is situated at fhc 
entrance to Hampton Iioads, that famous inland bay, 
over two miles in diameter, in which all the vessels 
of our navy can ride at anchor with perfect safety. 
About twelve miles to the southeast of Old Point 
Comfort, and eight from Hampton Roads, is Norfolk, 
situated on the northern side of the Elizabeth river. 
A little way towards the north of the city is Fort 
Norfolk, a place of much importance in the existing 
Htatc of affairs. Across the river, whieh is Beven- 
eightha of a mile wide in this place, are the towns of 
Portsmouth and Gosport, the latter being in effect a 
suburb of the former. All of these are important 
naval stations, and are still in possession of the Fed¬ 
eral government. Each is accessible to the largest 
vessels. 
At Gosport is the large Navy Yard and dry dock, 
and near the town is a naval hospital. There were 
at the navy yard when the present difficulties begun, 
ten United States vessels, viz: the Pennsylvania, 
Columbus, Delaware, New York, United States, 
Columbia, Raritan, Germantown, Bainbridge and 
Merri mac. Four of these vessels arc rotten, four are 
iu fair order, oue is on the stocks, and one is ready 
for nse. They are rated io all for 586 guns. At tbe 
time of writing, Wednesday, 21th ult., the telegraph 
brings us intelligence of the destruction of the public 
buildings and stores by order of the U. S. officers in 
command. The new3 was brought to New York by 
the steamer Yankee, and we give such details as are 
been true, through all the vicissi¬ 
tudes of fortune; who had served him with unalter 
able fidelity when his Secretaries of State, his Treas¬ 
ury, and his Admiralty bad betrayed him; who had 
never, on any field of battle, or in an atmosphere 
tainted with loathsome and deadly disease, shrank 
from placing their own lives in jeopardy to save his, 
and whose truth he had, at, the cost of bis own popu¬ 
larity, rewarded with his bounteous munificence. 
He strained his feeble voice to thank Auverquerqae 
for the affectionate and loyal services of thirty years. 
To Albemarle he gave the keys of his closet and of 
private drawers, " You know,” he said, “ what to 
do with them-” By this time he could scarcely 
respire. "Can this,” he said to the physicians, 
“last long?” He was told that the end was approach¬ 
ing. He swallowed a cordial and asked for Bentjnck. 
Those were his last articulate words. Bentinck 
instantly came to the bodside, bent down, and placed 
his ear close to the king’s mouth. Tbe lips of the 
dying man moved but nothing could be heard. The 
king took the hand of his earliest friend and pressed 
it tenderly to his heart. In that moment, no doubt, 
all that had cast a slight passing cloud over their 
their long and pure friendship was forgotten. It 
was now between seven and eight in the morning. 
He closed his eyes and gasped for breath. The 
bishops knelt down aud read the commendatory 
prayer. When it ended, William was no more. 
When his remains were laid out, it was found that he 
wore next to his skin a small piece of black silk rib¬ 
bon. The lords in waiting ordered it to be taken off'. 
It contained a gold ring and a lock of the hair of 
Mary.— From Macauley's lust Volume. 
Tlie Theory of the War. 
The strategic theory which seems to be the rule 
of action on the part of the General Government is 
now so far developing itself, that those acquainted 
with the master spirit at the bead of our arms, Yin* 
field Scott, recognize bis cotrolling influence in all 
matters connected therewith. But a few days since 
the Proclamation of the President aroused the war 
spirit of the loyal States. Massachusetts, the child 
of the Revolution, re-enactcd the scenes of 177G. 
The workshop was deserted, the plow left in the 
furrow, the pen lay rusting on the desk. Other 
States wheeled nobly into line. One regiment passed, 
peaceably through to Washington. A second reached 
Baltimore, and was obliged to cut its way through au 
infuriated mob. But through it went, and the flag of 
Massachusetts gained new honors in tho contest. 
Then how suddenly the scene was changed. A hos¬ 
tile city of two hundred thousand inhabitants placed 
herself between the Federal Capital aud those rush¬ 
ing to its support. Railroad bridges were destroyed, 
— all speedy means of communication were supposed 
to be cut off,— men were beginning to despair of the 
Capital, — when again the hostile soil of Maryland 
was spanned by a bridge of safety. Bays the Buffalo 
Express :—Broken communication is re-opened, the 
route to the Capital is held by gallant troops, and tho 
vast reinforcements now pouring forward wilt camp 
in the Senate Chamber without a gun fired on their 
route thither. Look at the facts: -On Thursday a 
Massachusetts regiment was thrown into Fort Mon¬ 
roe. The same day another occupied the town of 
Norfolk. The Navy Yard at that place, and the com¬ 
mand of the entrance to Chesapeake Bay, was thus 
secured. The Pawnee, the Mernmac , and the Harriet 
Lane, —the latter leaving New York the 25th, — can 
Preparing fur the Campaign. 
The following rules aro published by " An Old 
Soldier,” for the guidance of the young men who are 
now enlisting under the National banner: 
1. Remember that in a campaign more men die 
from sickness them by the bullet. 
2. Line your blanket with one thickness of brown 
drilling. This adds but four ounces in weight and 
doubles the warmth. 
3. Buy a small India rubber blanket, (only $1.50,) 
to lay on the ground, or to throw over your shoulders 
when on guard duty during a rain storm. Most of 
the eastern troopB are provided with these. Straw to 
He upon is not always to be had, 
4. The best military hat in use is the light-colored 
soft felt; the crown being sufficiently high to allow 
space for air over the brain. Yon can fasten it up as a 
continental in fair weather, or turn it down when it 
is wet or very sunny. 
5. I<et your beard grow, so as to protect the throat 
and lungs. 
6. Keep your entire person clean; this prevents 
Enthusiasm. —The enthusiast has been compared 
to a man walking in a fog: everything immediately 
around him, or in contact with him, appears suffi¬ 
ciently clear and luminous; but beyond the little 
circle, of which he himself is the center, all is mist, 
error, aud confusion. But he himself is nevertheless 
as much in the fog as his neighbors, all of whom 
have also cantoned out their little Go3heus of per¬ 
spicacity. Total freedom from error is what none of 
us will allow to our neighbors, however we may be 
inclined to flirt a little with such spotless perfection 
ourselves. 
