fevers and bowel complaints in warm climates. 
Wash your body each day, if possible. Avoid strong 
coffee and oily meat. Central Scott said that the too 
fre<j use of these (together with neglect in keeping 
the skin clean,) cost many a soldier his life in Mexico. 
7. A Budden check of perspiration by chilly or 
night air often causes fever and death. When thus 
exposed do not forget your blanket 
Journal is "confident that all the Border States will 
now join their fortunes with the Southern Confede¬ 
racy.” The Montgomery (Alabama) Confederation of 
Sunday, the 21st nit, says:—"It is thought, in high 
circles, that Major Anderson will now resign and 
tender his services to the Confederate States. We 
are inclined to think that there are some reasons for 
this conclusion.” 
We cut this from the Atlanta (Geo.) Intelligencer, 
of Saturday last;—" 
Affairs at Washington. 
The English Minister, Lord Lyons, a few days 
since, despatched his first Secretary to the Mont¬ 
gomery Government on important business. It is 
understood he carried information to Jeff. Davis as 
to the position England intends to assume towards 
the Confederate Government. It is pretty certain 
that their Commissioners will not be received in an 
official capacity. 
Judge Robinson, an old personal friend and class¬ 
mate of Gen. Scott, came to Washington on the 21st 
ult., from Richmond, to offer him a commission as 
Commander-in-C'hief of the forces of the Confederate 
States. On learning the purport of Judge R.’s errand, 
Gen. Scott interrupted him with a declaration that if 
he went any further in making such a proposition, 
he, Judge R., wonld not be permitted to get back to 
Richmond, adding that having sworn to support the 
Constitution, he realized all the honorable obliga¬ 
tions of that oath, and should of course observe them, 
Gen. Wool issued orders for the delivery of 10,000 
muskets and 400,000 cartridges to Ohio troops now at 
Harrisburgh. He has represented, by special courier 
to the Government, the necessity of bringing 150,000 
into the field, and opening the route through Balti¬ 
more. He would also bring into the field within 
sixty days a force sufficient to disperse the rebels 
from Richmond, hold that city, and possess New' 
Orleans and the mouth of the Mississippi. 
A gentleman from Washington reports that the 
following is the language of Mr. Lincoln to the Bal¬ 
timore Committee: 
" Gentlemen: —You have come here to ask for 
peace at any terms. Such a desire on such terms is 
not like the course of Washington or Jackson. 
I lie^ the rebels — Attack Fort Suniter. and you 
attack the troops sent to the Federal Government, 
for the protection or the same, and the defence of the 
lives and property of this city. My intention was 
never to attack Muryland, but to have those troons 
tnstx 
an interview with Gov. Letcher. The former has 
armed and equipped 1,500 men. Hundreds of troops 
were arriving from South Carolina and Petersburg. 
The following iB the ordinance of secession of Vir¬ 
ginia, just made public. Accompanying the docu¬ 
ment is a long schedule, setting forth the time and 
manner of holding polls for its ratification by the 
The poll will be opened in each military 
camp in Virginia. Volunteers, whether in or out of 
the State, and voters, suffered to vote. This will be 
in addition to the regular election precincts. The 
election for members of Congress for the State to the 
House of Representatives of the Congress of the 
United States, required by law to be held on the 4th 
Thursday in May, is suspended and prohibited until 
otherwise ordered by the Convention. 
Ordinance to Rrp,al the. Ratification nf the Constitution of the 
United Stale* of America by the Stale of Virginia, aitd to i 
Navigation In the Upper Lakes is open. 
There are 40,000 Welsh people living in London. 
The French distillers are making brandy out of coal. 
Anthracite coal has gone np to $ 15 a tun in Baltimore. 
In London there are 20.000 doctors and 1,800 undertakers. 
The street cars in St. Lonis are to he propelled by steam. 
France haa 2,394 cotton factories, with 3,500,000 spindles 
Letter from Mr. Reward to Gov. Hicks. 
The following important letter has been sent by people 
Mr. Seward to Gov. Hicks of Maryland: 
DEPARTMENT OF STATE, ) 
Washington, April 22, 1861. \ 
Thomas H. Hicks , Governor of Maryland 
Sir:— T have had the- honor to receive your com¬ 
munication of thiB morning, in which you have 
informed me that you have felt it to he your duty 
to advise the President of the United States to order 
elsewhere the troops off Annapolis, and also that no 
more be sent through Maryland, and that you have 
further suggested that Cord Lyons be requested to 
act an mediator between the contending parties in 
onr country, to prevent the eff usion of blood. 
The President directs me to acknowledge the re¬ 
ceipt of that communication, and to assure you that 
he nas weighed the counsels which it contains with 
the respect which he habitually cherishes for the 
Chief Magistrates of the several States, and especi¬ 
ally for yourself. He regrets as deeply as any Magis¬ 
trate or citizen can, that demonstrations against the 
safety of the United States, with very extensive 
preparations for the effusion of blood, have made it 
his duty to cull out the forces to which yon allude. 
The force now sought to be sent through Maryland 
is intended for nothing hut the defence oi the Capital. 
The President has necessarily confided the choice 
of the National highway which that force shall take 
in coming to thiH city to Lieut. Gen. Hcatt, command 
ing the army of the United states, who, like his only 
predecessor, is not less distinguished for his hu¬ 
manity than for his loyalty, patriotism, and distin¬ 
guished public service. 
The President instructs me to add that the National 
highway thus selected by the Lieutenant General Iiub 
been selected by him upon consultation with promi¬ 
nent magistrates and citizens of Maiyland, as the one 
which, white a ronte is absolutely necessary, is 
further removed from the populous cities of the State, 
and with the expectation that it would, therefore, he 
the least objectionable one. 
The President cannot hut remember that there lias 
been a time in the history of the American IJnioD, 
when forces designed for the defence of its Capital 
were not unwelcome anywhere in the State of Mary¬ 
land, and certainly riot at Annapolis, then, ns now, 
the capital of that patriotic State, and then, also, one 
of the capitals of the Union. Jf eighty years could 
Gen. Scott, it is said, is opposed 
to Lincoln’* Government making war upon the South¬ 
ern people. He lias said to Lincoln, that if war 
should be inaugurated, be would resign bis position 
in the army of the United States, return to Virginia, 
his native State, and cast his fortunes with her for 
weal or for woe.” 
The Southern press have repeatedly stated that 
there were 30,000 men in New York who would not 
only sustain secession by money, but would give 
themselves to the cause of the Confederate States. 
They can now survey the field, and though the view 
will prove anything but agreeable, they may learn 
therefrom a profitable lesson. The Empire State has 
50,000 men ready to depart at this writing to defend 
the Union, and money enough to carry the struggle 
to a righteous ending. New York will write her own 
history in this difficulty,— she needs neither a Con¬ 
federate press Dor Confederate statesmen to indicate 
the path where Patriotism, Duty, and Justice are to 
be found. 
How the Lojul Stair* Respond. 
New York. — The following regiments have I 
already taken their departure from New York, and 
others are ready to leave as fast as they can be moved: 
Seventh Regiment, Cob Lefferts, . Men 1 000 
Seventy lin t regiment. Col. Vosbnrgh,... 1 , 0(10 
Seventy-seveuth regiment, (Scotch).1000 
Twelfth regiment. Col Butterfield,_ ’950 
Sixth regiment, Col. PickneV,_800 
Sixty-ninth regiment. Col. Corcoran, (Irish)_V000 
Zouave regiment, Col. Ellsworth,. . . 1,000 
Llghth regiment, Col. Lynne... ." l’ooo 
Thirteenth Hvlintoit, Col.fitnith, (Brooklyn). 700 
Fourteenth regiment, (Brooklyn) .. 1000 
Twenty -eighth regiment, Col, fiennett (Brooklyn) ~ 800 
Sixty-seventh regiment, (New York)... 1 000 
Fifth regiment, (Brooklyn). 1.000 
Total...12,250 
These* are from New York atid Brooklyn alone. The 
total number of companies offered to Gov. Morgan at 
latest advices was 169, with 77 men each. Enroll¬ 
ments were being made at the rate of two regiments 
daily. On Sunday, the 28th ult., 16,000 volunteers 
wore quartered in New York city, all ready to march 
on the receipt of equiptneuts and orders. 
Pennbylvania.— The Governor’s Message to the 
Legislature will recommend the passage of a stay 
law. The declaratory part will say that Pennsylvania 
will open the route from the North to Washington, 
as essential to transport. Whether Maryland stays 
in or out of the Union, no hostile rail will be per¬ 
mitted to lie between the National Capital and the 
States loyal to the Union. Rebellion must be crushed, 
and the nation restored to its entirety, and the 
only. 
— Napoleon III has nearly finished his 
Cffisar.” 
— A negro insurrection in Anne Arundel Co.. Md., is 
reported. 
— It is proposed to introduce horse railroads into Broadway 
New York. 
— The head-quarters of Gen. Wool are to be hereafter at 
New York. 
— The Pennsylvania Central Railroad carries the Pittsburg 
troops free. 
— SeTen buildings were destroyed by fire at Mt. Gilead, O., 
on Thursday week. 
— There are io great Britain 2,210cotton factories, running 
28,000.000 spindles. 
— Hon. Daniel D. Barnard, a prominent citizen of Albany 
died on the 23d ult. 
— The express companies send packages no further South 
than Philadelphia now. 
— One of the Rhode Island 
Life of Julius 
America by the Stale of Virginia , and to 
rentine. all rigtds and powers granted under 4 aid Concti 
tution : 
The people of Virginia, in their ratification of the 
Constitution of the United States of America, adopted 
by them in Convention on the 25th of Juno, 1788, 
having declared that the powers granted under said 
regiments repsesents in its 
members fifteen million dollars. 
— A new arsenal, for the storage of State arms, is to be 
immediately built in Cincinnati 
Fifty-four Crimean veterans have enlisted in the 69th 
Regiment, under Col. Corcoran 
— The number of troops dispatched from Boston to the 
scene of hostilities is about 3,500. 
The patriotic students of Harvard College have organized 
four companies, one for each class. 
— The grand British regatta of July next has been opened 
to boats from all parts of the world. 
— Jeff. Davis graduated at West Point in the class of 1828. 
He ranked 23d in a class numbering 33. 
There are about four hundred sloops and schooners 
engaged in the oyster trade at New York. 
— The observatory at Valley Forge was blown to the 
ground by a heavy gale of wind last week. 
— The pestiferous association of the K. G. C. are rumored 
to have a small organization stili in Boston. 
A Committee of Public Safety has been organized in 
Pittsburg, to notify traitors to leave the city. 
— The bombardment of Fort Sumter cost South Carolina 
one million dollars, which she defrays herself. 
The Grand Cathedral to Mexico is five hundred feet long, 
and capable of holding thirty thousand persons, 
— Gov. Letcher, of Virginia, has issued a proclamation 
prohibiting the exportation of flour to Northern cities. 
— On the day of the fight in Baltimore, the City Council 
appropriated *000,000 to preserve the pence of the city. 
— Five cases of arms, destined for Ihe South, were seized 
at the Michigan Southern depot in Chicago on Saturday. 
— The Maryland banks are preparing to issue small notes, 
to be authorized by the Legislature at its present session. 
— A home for inebriates, which recently went into opera¬ 
tion in California, has been attended with the best results. 
— Fifty-five thousand stand of arms from Harper’s Ferry 
were sent, to Washington before the arsenal was destroyed. 
— There are 1,000 lives and $7,500,000 worth of property 
lost, annually, by shipwrecks on the coast of Great Britain, 
— There Is an India rubber factory in full blast in Montreal, 
the only establishment of the kind in the British Provinces. 
— There are now no Cadets at West, Point from the Con¬ 
federate States, the last two having resigned last Friday week. 
— The anti-Brigham Young Mormons have been bolding 
a coaCcience At Amboy, Michigan, Jo. Smith. Jr., presiding 
— Dr. Choovor t»«n ten, lecluiltig at Liverpool on the 
present American crisis. His audience w&9 not 
Maryland 
Message of the Governor. 
The Governor of Maryland haB convened the 
Legislature of the State and issued his message, the 
points of which we give briefly. He says that he 
labored earnestly to induce the President to forego 
his purpose of passing troops through Maryland, but 
the reply was that a military necessity rendered it 
unavoidable*. He refused General Butler, of the Mas¬ 
sachusetts volunteers, consent to land bisforceB. He 
also protested against his taking possession of the 
Annapolis Railroad. 
He states that the most intelligent and learned 
citizens of the State admit the right of government 
to transmit its troops over rail, yet it is evident a 
portion of the people of Maryland are opposed to the 
exercise of the right. His own convictions are, the 
only safety of Maryland lies in preserving a neutral 
position between our brethren of the North and 
South. Maryland has violated no right of either 
section, and we have done all we can to avoid the 
impending war. He hoped Maryland might have 
acted as a mediator. He can not. counsel Maryland 
to take sides against the general government until it 
commits outrages upon her which would justify us in 
resisting its authority. Onr geographical position 
alone forces us to this. This has been all the while 
the gronnd-work of his policy. He is convinced hi* 
policy has been maintained by a large majority of the 
people. lie appeals to the Legislature not to be 
swayed liy passion, but to act with prudence and in 
a ohristian-like manner. 
The State Senate passed the bill prohibiting circu¬ 
lation of notes under one dollar, under a penalty. 
The House referred to a special committee, who are 
instructed to report in regard to legalization of 
special payments by banks. The Senate adopted an 
address to the people of Maryland, stating the Legis¬ 
lature would not pass an act of secession. If the 
people desire it, they Will give them an opportunity 
of declaring for themselves their future destiny. 
The House had not acted thereon. The House 
appointed a committee to report an act calling a 
convention. Air. Scott of Baltimore is chairman. 
Organization and I’arlx of an Army. 
A Company is the unit of an army, and is sup¬ 
posed to average, on the war basis, 100 men, officers 
included. The general rule for the organization of 
such a company gives one captain, 2 lieutenants, f> 
sergeants, i corporals, and 85 men. Formerly, each 
company had an ensign, who carried the flag? but 
his place is now supplied liy the color sergeant. 
There is one more sergeant than corporals — the 
first sergeant being called the orderly sergeant, 
and is, next to the captain, the most important 
man in the company—carrying the books of the 
company, and calling the roll, morning and evening. 
The company is formed, when in column, into two 
platoons and four sections, each platoon commanded 
by a lieutenant, and each section by a sergeant. 
A Regiment is regularly composed of ten compa¬ 
nies, or two battalions; a battalion being half a regi¬ 
ment, composed of five companies—one of them 
called a light, or rout company, intended in regular 
service to operate outside of the heavy columns, as 
flanking parties, guards, &c. 
The officers 
very numer¬ 
ous. 
— About thirty Massachusetts shoemakers have been driven 
out of Virginia lately. They arrived in Boston on Saturday 
last. 
— Kossuth states, in an affidavit that he makes before a 
court lu England, that be still considers himself Governor of 
Hungary. 
— A Washington letter to the World says there have been 
over three hundred civil, army, and navy resignations within 
two days. 
— There are 12,500 square miles of bog in Ireland, or nearly 
a third of the whole island, a great part of which might be 
reclaimed. 
— A deputation of 20 Indians has arrived at New York to 
tender 300 warriors of the Sioux and Chippewa tribes to the 
President. 
— Six hundred and thirty million cubic feet of gas escape 
annually from the gas mains in London, an estimated loss 
of *70,000. 
— The history of the Expedition of the Austrian frigate 
Novara Round the World, has been translated and published 
in England. 
— Edward Weston, the man who walked from Boston to 
Washington last month, on a wager, averaged forty-seven 
miles per day 
— A boy named Sullivan was burned to death at Norwich, 
Conn., Saturday week, having been pushed iuto a bonfire by 
his playmates. 
— The aggregate amount tendered to the Government, from 
all sources, is stated, on good authority, at over two hundred 
million dollars 
— Maryland has eight powder mills. Virginia has one, Del¬ 
aware lias nine. There are none in any other slave State, 
except Kentucky. 
— The French army numbers 687,000 men, with 10 marshals, 
154 generals of division, 162 brigadier-generals, 1,370 majors, 
and 6,871 eaptains. 
— The new Collector of New York, Mr. Barney, has receiv¬ 
ed already from seven to ten bushels of applications for sub¬ 
ordinate positions. 
— Five hundred men, employed irfthe piano establishment 
of Cbiekering hi Sons, Boston, have tendered their services 
to the Government, 
— Cbae. L. Wilson, editor of the Chicago Journal, vacated 
the editorial chair on Monday week He goesas Secretary of 
Legation to England. 
— It is rumored that Mr. Jefferson DaviB is critically ill in 
Montgomery, and that this accounts for the presence of Mr. 
Stephens in Virginia. 
— It is 6aid that the secession authorities of Louisiana have 
imposed a tax of $7,000 per annum on every public gambling 
house in New Orleans. 
— Specimens of cotton (tree cotton) have been sent to 
England from Jamaica, for examination, pronounced worth 
thirty cents per pound. 
— One day last week was the time appointed for taking the 
decennial census throughout the United Kingdoms of Eng¬ 
land, Ireland, and Scotland. 
— Mr. Zenas Ball, one of the oldest citizens of Milford, Me., 
died last week, aged 83. He was born and always lived upon 
the farm he lately occupied. 
— Twenty-one of the compositors in the office of the New 
York World have dropped their "sticks,” shouldered the 
musket, and enlisted for the war 
— A company of German Riflemen, every man of whom 
has screed in European wars, is organizing in Chicago. Each 
man carries a Minnie rifle and revolver. 
— The New York and Sandy Hook pilots have tendered 
their services in piloting C. S. vessels to the Government, free 
of charge, during the continuance of the war. 
— All Western and Southern money is rejected by Roches¬ 
ter hankers. Agents and others remitting for the Rural will 
please send New York or Eastern bille or Postage Stamps. 
of a regiment, independent of com¬ 
pany officers, are a colonel, Rent, colonel, two majors, 
adjutant, quartermaster, and commissary. Each sep¬ 
arate body of troops most have a commissary and 
quartermaster, but in a large army they are appor¬ 
tioned to regiments or brigades. A regiment when 
constituted, will be formed thus:—One colonel, 1 
lieut. colonel, 1 adjutant, 1 quartermaster, I commis¬ 
sary, 2 majors, 10 captains, 20 lieutenants, 50 ser¬ 
geants, 40 corporals, and 850 private men — making 
975, but in reality there are some others; each com¬ 
pany has regularly a drummer and lifer, which make 
a regimental band of 20, besides the drum major. 
Then the regiment, when full, is made up regularly 
to 1,000 men. 
A Brigade should be composed of two regiments, 
a squadron of cavalry, and a corps of field artillery. 
If these were all full, a complete brigade operating 
alone, would in our service, or in the French, make 
2,400 men. 
A Division is composed of two brigades, with 
additional corps of cavalry and artillery, making, in 
our army, including the whole staff and music, abont 
5,000 men. This is the highest element of organiza¬ 
tion in our service; hut in France, as they organize 
immense armies, there is one other. 
The Corps is composed of two or more divisions, 
frequently of four or five. The corps is, in the 
French service, properly commanded by a field mar¬ 
shal — an officer unknown to our country — and the 
corps is properly a complete army in itself. 
The Staff consists of the aids, the adjutant general, 
the engineer, the quartermaster, and commissary 
generals. Through the adjutant general all orders 
are conveyed to each particular park By the quar¬ 
termaster general. all transportations and vehicles, and 
horses are furnished; by the commissary all supplies; 
by the engineer the topography of the country is 
thoroughly examined, the practicability of passes 
determined, fortifications built, or attacked. Then 
the staff of an army becomes its eyes and its facul¬ 
ties, the general simply deciding the movements of 
the army on the facts and elements thus furnished. 
Tilt* Mislnke of the South. 
TnK public journals of the Southern States are 
deluding their readers with such stuff’ as the fol¬ 
lowing: 
“ The 1’anic at the North.-— The heart of the 
philanthropist bleeds and sickens in contemplating 
the distress that exists among the people of the 
North. Every day brings additional accounts of the 
tremeudous panic that is sweeping the Northern 
cities. Stocks are going down, operatives are turned 
out to starve, confidence is destroyed, and business 
is paralyzed. On every side may be seen the wide 
spread ruin which an infatuated people have brought 
upon their own heads, 
Meantime there is some 
distress in the South, hut the people of the Confede¬ 
rate States are generally comfortable. They breathe 
freer, and their proud necks are more erect, since 
they have parted company with their traducers. We 
are sorry for the true men of the North who are 
involved in disasters that they could not avert. But 
let them come South, find new fields for their enter¬ 
prise, and racud their broken fortunes. We pity 
while we despise the poor dupes who pinned their 
faith to the traitors who now jnock at the calamity 
that robs them of their daily bread. IoR them turn 
upon their betrayers. In such a fight our sympathies 
will be with the hungry.” 
This is from the Memphis Avalanche. The New 
•Orleans Delta of the 20th ulL, just received at this 
office, haa a couple of columns displayed in true 
sensation style, with dispatches from "Montgomery,” 
from which we learn that President Davis has 
received official notification of the secession of Vir¬ 
ginia, and has also been officially assured that the 
act is done in entire political and military accord 
with the Confederate States. The plans of Virginia, 
it wonld appear, were fully matured for action before 
she announced her secession, and now she is ready 
to co-operate at once with the Confederate Govern¬ 
ment. 
We learn further, that the rumors which were 
current about the expected resignation of Gen. Scott, 
are now corroborated by the act itself. The old chief¬ 
tain has resigned his position as Lieutenant General 
Of the United States, and offers his services to Vir¬ 
ginia, his native State. 
"The old chieftain’’ will be somewhat surprised 
when he " gets the news.” 
From the Journal and Messenger, published in 
Macon, Georgia, we learn that the 7th regiment from 
New York were literally cut to pieces by the Mary¬ 
landers between Annapolis and Marlboro. Gov. 
Hicks had raised the Confederate flag over the Capi¬ 
tol, and declared Maryland for the South. The same 
Spirit of ihe Hour. 
Col. Hazard refuses to sell powder to go to the 
rebel States. Col. Colt has notified the Government 
that his weapons are for sale, first to Connecticut, 
next to the United States, and none whatever to the 
rebels. Sharp’s Rifle Company will not sell a weapon 
to the enemies of the Government. 
Gen. Samuel Chandler, of Lexington, Massachu¬ 
setts, now C5 years of age, who did service in the 
war of 1812, and was present at the Beige of Fort Erie, 
has received recruiting papers from headquarters, 
and will proceed to raise a company for active service 
iu his own town. 
Gen. Rufus King, of Wisconsin, recently appoint¬ 
ed Resident Minister at Rome, has asked leave of 
absence from his post, in order to take command of 
his regiment, and serve the country in the field 
against domestic traitors. 
A ruBLio meeting of the citizens of Frankfort, 
Alabama, was held on the I6th ult., at which the fol¬ 
lowing resolution was adopted: 
“ That our Congressional nominee, if elected, is to 
represent ns in the United States Congress, and not 
in this so-called * Southern Confederacy.’ ” 
United States District Attorney Smith has just 
notified all the Banks of New York city that no more 
money must be sent to any of the seceding States. 
All drafts from the South will be returned unpaid. 
Southern Wnr Rumors. 
Richmond papers contain the Proclamation of 
Gov. Letcher, ordering the return of all vessels 
excepting the steamers Jamestown and Yorktown to 
their owners, and appeals to the people uot to inter¬ 
fere, discountenances all seizures without legal 
authority, arid appoints officers for different rivers 
to see the Proclamation carried into effect. 
The Wilmington (N, C.) Journal of the 23d states 
that the branch mint at Charlotte was taken posses¬ 
sion of on Saturday, under an order from Gov. Ellis. 
Troops were continually passing through from South 
Carolina and Georgia for Richmond, and General 
Bonhan and staff had arrived there. Col. Gregg’s 
regiment and Gen. McGowan’s brigade had volun¬ 
teered. Gov. Ellis has called for itO.OOO volunteers 
additional (o the regular militia, and all organized 
corps are commanded to be in readiness at an hoar’s 
notice. 
A Philadelphia dispatch in the Herald says that 
V 
