MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS ORIGINAL WKKKLY 
agricultural, literary and family journal. 
CONDUCTED BY D, D, T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
Tht. Rcral Nxw-Yorkkr is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Purity. Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural an eminently 
Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subjects intimately connected with the business of 
those whose interests it tealoualy advocates As a Family 
Journal It is eminently Instructive and F.ntertaiuiogc -being 
so conducted that it can bo sarely taken to the Hearts and 
Homes of people of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It 
embraces more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educa¬ 
tional. Literary and News Matter, Interspersed with appropriate 
and beautiful Engravings, than any other journal,—rendering 
it the most complete Agricultural, Litkuauy asd Family 
Newspaper in America. 
and making sacrifices to feed the hungry and clothe 
the naked. 
The season being so backward, it will be necessary 
to put in crops with the greatest vigor, but it is not 
necessary that it should be done in a hurried and 
careless manner. In fact, haste at planting time, 
more than at any other, makes waste. Put in 
everything, then, a little belter than usual. Do all 
that your experience teaches you is necessary to 
produce a good crop, and even a little more that 
your good judgment and observation indicates will 
favorably affect the result. A handful of well rotted 
manure in the hill, — not thrown down in a pile, but 
mixed nicely with the soil,— will show itself all 
through the season, and particularly at harvest. 
This will take extra labor, and make planting slow, 
ami at first it will seem tedious, but when you get 
through you will hive the satisfaction of knowing 
that your work is well done, that you deserve, and 
with the smiles of Providence, will receive a boun- 
f 
/ 
tiful harvest. Don't be sparing of Beech Put in 
Entered according to act of Congress. In 1 tho year M61, by plenty s0 that if a portion docs not germinate, the 
DDT Mnoiuv, iu the Office of the Clone of tho District r . 
Court tor the Northern District of New York. good will be sufficient for a crop. It is better to thin 
TOT 
K'rSv'jdjOf 
\ 
£-y Our only object in copyrighting this paper is to secure 
what every honorable journalist will freely giant,—proper 
credit for articles selected from its pages. Any and every 
journal is at liberty, and invited, to copy freely, by crediting 
each original article or illustmtion to Rural JUtVb 1 t/rker. 
MM 
MAY WEATHER AND WORK. 
Thk present seftRon thus far has been unusually q 
unfavorable for farm work. Although we have not t 
had, perhaps, more than onr ordinary share of rain, v 
it has fallen late in the season, while occasional snow a 
storms and hard night frosts have kept the ground £ 
wet, soft, and entirely unfit for working, especially ( 
on heavy and low land. Even now, (May 16th,) we , 
find the soil in many places more unfit for culture 
than it was a month ago. Prof/ Dewey, who for . 
many years has kept onr readers well 1 1 .formed of ( 
the freaks of the weather, furnishes us with the fol- ( 
lowing interesting facte: ; 
‘‘This iB the coldest firBt half of May in 24 years, \ 
and even in 28 years, except that of 1841, when this ] 
mean was 43.8°. For this year the average is 45.4', j 
while that of 24 years is 63.7' , making this half 8.3° , 
below the average. Last year, 1860, this half was | 
61.8‘-’, which is 16.4 above that of this May so far. - 
“ As the temperature of March was about the mean, 
and that of April 2' above the aveiage, the blossoms 
of soft maple, common elm, liverwort and trailing 
arbutus appeared near the usual time in April. The 
soft maple put forth leaves the last of April, as well 
as In 1860. Forsythia, full iu bloom last year on 
April 28, was at least ten or twelve days later in my 
yard this year; so was the liBping of lilac and horse 
chestnut. Vegetation was rapid the last week of 
April, but greatly checked by the snow ami cold rain 
of the early part of May. Iudeed, the mean heat of 
April was very nearly as great as that of the first half 
of May. So that the season is now later than usual. 
“My Isabella grapes showed small leaves May 0th 
last year, but the buds have not yet opened; and so 
also the Frost grape in my yard. Last year the Hard 
Maple flowered and leafed near together, May 7th and 
9th; this May, some Hard Maples, that bore flowers 
last year, have just fully leaved out, and not blos¬ 
somed, while some with blossoms just put out, are 
now also sending forth leaves a day or two later. 
The cold weather of the first week killed most of the 
fruit of the Soft Maple, and all of the fruit of the 
Silver-leafed Maple (Acer Uasycarpum,) has fallen dead 
to the ground. 
“ After the snow and rain of the first three days of 
May, we had frost on the 4th; a warm abundant rain 
on the 6tb, with quite a gale at 10 P. M., and heavy 
all night; more rain on the 14th and 15th, and con¬ 
siderable wind. Though cool, the fortnight has been 
pleasant, and much clear, or little cloudy weather/’ 
Wheat, and all winter grain, as well as fruit, have 
suffered by the sudden ebauges and occasional sever¬ 
ity of the past winter, but more particularly, we 
think, from late hard Jrosfs. More mischief, no 
doubt, was done in March than at any previous time. 
This is the case in our own grounds, and as far as 
our observation extends. It is perhaps too early to 
estimate the loss to onr winter crops, bat in this sec¬ 
tion, and in many others, it will found quite 
Berions. This unfortunately occurs at a time when 
we shall need a full harvest to supply the wants of 
the country, and at a time, too, when it will be diffi¬ 
cult to procure the help necessary to make up the 
Iosh by the cultarc of a larger breadth of spring crops. 
We believe we were the first to urge upon farmers 
the importance of extraordinary exertions to grow a 
large amount of produce, to prevent want and suffer¬ 
ing in the present crisis of our country. Nearly all 
the agricultural and political papers, we are glad to 
see, are now giving similar advice. Borne patriotic 
person at the East has issued a circular, which he is 
circulating among the producers of the country at, 
out every hill of corn, than to have here and there a 
vacant space, and occasionally a hill with a single 
plant. One potato in each hill, and these three and 
a half feet apart, will not produce a large crop. 
Although hand-labor is scarce and dear, if we wished 
to produce a premium crop, we would cultivate but 
one way with a horse, putting the rows as near 
together as the use of the cultivator would allow, and 
the sets from fifteen to twenty inches apart in 
the rows, according to the growth of top. Fifteen 
inches is far enough for varieties with short haulms. 
This system requires a good deal of work with the 
hoe, hut whoever tries it, with a good soil, a good 
variety of potatoes, and a little manure in the rows 
as a coaxer, will not regret having adopted it, when 
at digging time they see almost every foot of ground 
covered with fine tubers, and the pickers working 
hard to keep up. 
If you have an acre, or a half, or even a quarter, 
a |it“e better deeper, richer, more mellow ,and 
cleaner than any oteer portion of your farm, devote 
tliis to roots,— carrots, parsnips, beets, ruta baga or 
kohl-rabi, one or all. If well cared for, they will be 
found of more value for feeding than double the 
product of the same quantity of land on any other 
portion of your farm. For tho culture of roots it is 
necessary to have the ground in proper condition, to 
keep the weeds destroyed as fast as they appear, and 
the soil mellow. If the weeds once get the upper 
hand, weeding is difficult and discouraging, and the 
crop iB about half ruined. 
Fig. 2. 
F.QUKSTHI ANISM FOR LADIES — CORRECT AND INCORRECT POSITIONS. 
CARROTS-THEIR VALUE. 
On few subjects is there such a difference of opin¬ 
ion as upon the value of carrots for feeding. Indeed, 
some of the notions held must be very wide oi the 
truth, for one •farmer thinks them of very little 
account in feeding—in fact, about worthless—while 
others value them highly. One says they are very 
good for medicine, but useless as food, while his 
neighbor considers them food, drink, and medicine 
combined. It does seem to mo that we should come 
nearer together than this; for ir one is correct, th- 
other must be entertaining some very foolish notions. 
Perhaps both are wrong, and the truth lies between, 
if bo, it is best that we should find it out. Every 
time a few farmers meet, whether on the road, or at 
each other’s houses, this question is discussed, and 
it seems to me we are getting no nearer the truth by 
all this talk. 
A few years ago, keepers of horses in the cities 
paid a high price for carrots, and considered them 
exceedingly valuable, particularly in the spring of 
year, when horses needed something fresh and juicy; 
but Borne of late have become satisfied that it is not 
good economy, and will not buy, except at a very 
low rate; while others, if they could not get them 
without, would be willing to pay the old price, and 
even higher. Farmers, therefore, hardly know what 
to do, for the carrot crop requires a good deal of 
labor, and if it is about worthless, it is hardly wise 
to spend onr valuable time in weeding carrot fields. 
Then, if well cared for, they yield a most abundant 
crop, and if as valuable as a good many suppose, we 
could do nothing better with our time anil land. 
I have been led to believe carrots are excellent 
f„r milch cows, and have used them for this purpose 
iu a small way; but one of my neighbors, who has 
had a good deal more experience, informs me that 
he is fully satisfied that carrots do not increase the 
flow of milk, but rather the reverse, and has dis¬ 
carded their use iu favor of ruta-hagaa. There are 
doubtless others who have taken just the opposite 
course, and are fully satisfied that they are right. 
All this difference of opinion goes to show that we 
need more light on the subject— that we need some 
facts as a basis — a solid foundation — from which 
we can reason to correct conclusions. 
According to the analyses of Johnston and other 
celebrated chemists, it would appear that carrots 
contaio very little muscle or fat-producing elements; 
substitute for grass, and an excellent alterative for 
horBcs out of condition. To Hick and idle horses they 
render grain unnecessary. They are beneficial in 
all chronic diseases connected with breathing, and 
have a marked influence on chronic cough und 
broken wind. They are serviceable in diseases or 
the skin; and, in combination with oats, restore a 
worn horse much sooner then oats alone.” 
Let those who are u' us the truth on this 
troublesome question. b. 
-- + • 4 
FEMALE EQUESTRIANISM. 
In the last Rural wo left the horse prepared for 
an equestrian expedition, and his fair rider ready to 
assume the “ reins of government.” It is very neces¬ 
sary that she “should have a policy” in directing 
her steed, hence we give some general rules to guide 
her movements if she would avoid the fate of Oarrik 
Stanley, so graphically delineated on our last page. 
Mounting.— Although too many cooks are said to 
spoil tho broth, we consider too assistants hotter than 
one, when a lady is obtaining her scat, —one to hold 
the horse, tho other to render her any assistance 
which may be required. HKittenT has given some 
valuable hints upon this point, and we quote: — 
“ Having taken the reins and whip in the right hand, 
she will stand with her face towards tho horse’s head, 
and with her right hand on tho left pommel of the 
saddle. In the left hand she will hold her skirt, in 
snob a manner as to enable her to raise it dear of the 
ground. The gentleman will stand, facing her, and 
opposite to the horse’B shoulder, with his left hand 
holding by his mane; this steadies the horse when 
the lady springs. The gentleman will now stoop and 
take the lady’s left foot, which has been raised fifteen 
inches from the ground, iu his right hand, clasping 
Fig. 1 represents the proper position, the figure 
being erect, directly over the horse’s spine, the 
shoulders at an equal height, and tho elbows near tho 
sides. Fig. 2 shows a more common faulty position, 
the weight of the body being placed far to tho left, 
and supported by the horn. This position is taken 
from a fear of falling to the right, and is most dis¬ 
tressing to the horse, while it makes the lady look as 
though hung on a peg at his side. In figure 3, tho > 
last described ungraceful position Is attempted to bo 
avoided by a lady who takes her seat In the proper 
place on the suddle, and at that point, Her courage 
failing her, bends her shoulders far to the left, by 
a combination of curves more remarkable thau 
beautiful. 
Tho spine should be perpendicular over a line run¬ 
ning lengthwise through the center of the saddle, 
and the right leg, by which tho weight should bo 
mainly supported, should He as far from the right as 
the construction of tho saddle will allow. The right 
leg, from the knee down, should lie close to tho sad¬ 
dle, rather than be pressed hard against it. Care 
should be taken to keep the foot turned to the right; 
otherwise the lady can have no firm hold, and it will 
break one of the most graceful lines of her (lowing 
skirt. 
It is also important that tho stirrup be not too 
short. It should be of such a length as to raise the 
left thigh lightly against the leapiug-horn, while tho 
heel is very slightly depressed below the level of tho 
ball of the foot. The leg can then be either borne 
hard against the horn, or lowered slightly away from 
it at pleasure. 
APPLICATION OF GUANO. 
well-brairded; and also to grass or meadow land. 
In these cases, the application should he made in 
mild or warm weather, during, or immediately on 
the approach of rain, so that the more soluble and 
volatilo portions may be arrested and washed into 
the soil; In these latte^ cases it will be also necessary 
to mix the guano with the above proportions of salt, 
ashes, or dry peat mold. 
A DAY AMONG THE BUTTER-MAKERS. 
Butter-making has been reduced to a science, and 
a good butter-maker is an invaluable acquisition to 
society. Make the tour of Orange, Ulster, Orecne, 
Delaware, and other counties, where the climate, soil 
and cool; streams of water contribute so generously 
the materials needed In manufactlng butter, and you 
will sec at a glauec that the sweetest grasses, tho 
softest springs, the purest atmosphere, and the 
utmost pains arc indispensable in producing this 
delicate luxury. 
Not long ago, it was my good fortune to meet with 
a gentleman who was formerly a New York mer¬ 
chant. Having acquired a comfortable independence 
in the great commercial metropolis, he retired to the 
old homestead among the bills of Delaware county, 
intending to devote (he remainder of liis life to the 
education of liis children aud keep alool from the 
cares and responsibilities of active business; hut His 
sanguine temperament and his commercial Habits 
and the temptations to trade, led him by degrees into 
the butter business, and at the time I saw him he was 
one of the “heaviest” butter buyers on the con¬ 
tinent. His teams were constantly on tho move at 
all seasons of the year, and farmers daily (locked to 
his depot from every point of the compass. His 
purchases were so enormous and his judgment and 
taste so accurate, that he controlled the market; 
inches from the ground, iu his right hand, clasping The following from the Irish Agricultural Gazette purchases were so enormous and his ju 
it firmlv under the instep The skirt having been gives the mode of applying guano, common in that taste so accurate, that he controlled the market, 
“ "jf ’ the fio. ?, , u » tow*!. JL the ..t ry . On .hi, we h»ve m.»y inquiries in,lend hi, reputa.inn a, the prince „ better denier, 
lady places her left hand on the gentleman’s right which we can only answer briefly by advising that it extends to-day to all tho principal cities in this 
boulto givinV.lpring u, rtndglL the loft knee, be in all cn«, weli pnlverlned. well mined with the. eon.tr,, and hi, on .. I. « pood a. 
During this Jrila tlm gentleman will simply keep soil, and so placed, if possible, that it will not come tho autograph of Asroa upon a bank note. 
his hand still supporting the lady’s weight, but not in contact with tho seed. A small particle of fresh Well, tins gentleman, whose enterprise is only eur- 
w^n guano, if it touches a root, wi.l “burn” it like fire passed by his «d 
he iiuiv lift her to the required height, but without If the quantity is large, it will destroy the root and the writer to go with him on a visit to some A the 
fryingtopusho!r«TteL idle. She will the plant We did a good deal of mischief with famous butter farms within the nohnn «fins ride 
find her neat more easily without such assistance, guano in learning its proper mode of application, [for he inspects personally every dairy and tastes 
which would Often tend to throw her over the horse, About three hundred pounds per acre we have found carefully every firkin that he buys. ] It was a dreary 
his hand still, supporting the laity’s weight, but not 
raising her until the knee is fairly straightened, when 
he may lift her to the required height, but without 
trying to push her over on to the saddle. She will 
find her seat more easily without such assistance, 
which would often tend to throw her over the horse, 
rather than on his back. Being seated, with her 
right hand still on the pommel, the lady will, with 
her left hand, adjust the folds of her skirt. 8he will 
theu remove her bund from the pommel, aud place 
her right knee over it; when the gentleman will 
place her foot in the stirrup, and then aid her in 
taking proper hold of the reins and whip. When 
the beBt quantity. It must he remembered that an 
Irish acre contains 7840 yards — about an acre and 
two-thirds English. 
Peruvian Guano is generally applied alone, at the 
rate of about 6 cwt. per Irish acre for green crops, 
such as turnips, mangels, parsnips, potatoes, and 
carrots, but is better when applied in half that quail- 
taniug uviw — —— r „ „ 
this is accomplished, the attendant at the horse’s tity, In addition to half the usual quantity of farm- 
head steps out of the way, and the lady assumes the yard manure; at the same time, it would He well to 
control.” mix guano with twice or thrice its hulk of eom- 
Dismounting. —When proper care is exercised, a mon salt, ashes, or fine, dry turi-mold, to render it 
lady may dismount with perfect ease. An exuber- easy of distribution, and to preserve, or fix, the 
ance of spirit often prompts a female to Bpring from ammonia. These compounds should be thoroughly 
her horse without assistance, but where her skirts incorporated, and passed through a fine riddle to 
are long, and she i 9 unaccustomed to tho exercise, separate the lumps, which should then he broken to 
she should never make the attempt. When her powder, and added to the mixture. The usual modes 
attendant has taken a position in front of the horse, of application arc —first, to strew it along the back 
and secured him, by releasing her hold upon the of tho furrow when the drill or ridge is hall tormei, 
bridle and stirrup, and lifting her right limb over or drill it in on top of the drill when fully formed, 
his own expense, urging farmers to prepare to supply aud yet Stewart, in his stable economy, says: “Not 
the demand which will be created for food by the 
“waste of war.” All this may he thought unneces¬ 
sary by some, but it can do no harm, and will be 
very likely to result in good, in directing the atten¬ 
tion, which has of late become somewhat distracted, 
to the practical work of the farm, and in teaching us 
that we can show our patriotism by working hard, 
only do carrots give strength and endurance to sound 
horses, but also give recovery and health to snch as 
are sick. There is nothing better, perhaps nothing 
so good. When first given, they are strictly diuretic 
and laxative, but as the horses become accustomed to 
them, these effects cease to be produced. They also 
improve the state of the skin. They form a good 
head steps out of the way, and the lady assumes the 
control.” 
Dismounting.— When proper care is exercised, a 
lady may dismount with perfect ease. An exuber¬ 
ance of spirit often prompts a female to Bpring from 
her horse without assistance, but where her skirts 
are long, and she is unaccustomed to tho exercise, 
she should never make the attempt. When her 
attendant has taken a position in front of the horse, 
and secured him, by releasing her hold upon the 
bridle and stirrup, and lifting her right limb over 
the pommel, which she grasps with her right hand, 
placing her left on the shoulder or in the hand of 
her companion, she may alight readily, easily, and 
in safety. 
Position. —When a woman lias acquired sufficient 
confidence to feel that she can manage her horse, the 
most important features in her education still to be 
attained are correct positions while in the saddle, 
and an independence of tho reins for the security of 
her seat We give a series of engravings, from 
Hints to Horse-Keepers, to show the difference be¬ 
tween good and bad positions in the side-saddle. 
rainy afternoon, and the rough roads were almost 
untravelable, but a smart team and skillful driver 
hurried us on rapidly over the road that looked like a 
brown ribbon unwinding from the hills. We passed 
farm after farm, owned and occupied by Scotchmen 
arid Americans, with here and there a Dutch and 
Irish settler, i found that my friend gave a cold 
shoulder to small dairies — that he knew perfectly 
well the butter character of each farmer. This one 
was noted for skill and neatness, and always com¬ 
manded the highest market price; that one was so-so 
and slovenly, and he gave him a broad margin. 
Every where he was a welcome guest, and his visit 
was an epoch in the quiet life of the peaceful and in¬ 
dustrious dairymen. Small speculators stood a poor 
chance on his circuit, because he always paid the 
best price and his word was a bond. 
I noticed that the best butter-makers had from 
twenty to forty cows, and from one hundred to two 
allowing two inches of cover over it, bo that it may hundred ucres of land; that the Agricultural publi- 
not come in coutact with the seed, otherwise the 
latter would be destroyed; or, second, to spread it 
broadcast over the land, after it has been pulverised 
and prepared for drilling, and mix it with the surface 
with the grasB harrow'. In terming the drills, the 
surface mixed with the guano will be brought 
together in the center of the drill, and he so equally 
distributed through the soil as to be available to the 
roots of the plant in every direction. In the propor¬ 
tion of 1 to 2 cwt. per Irish acre, it is an admirable 
application to wheat, oats, or barley, after they are 
cations were patronized by them, and the pages did 
not long remain uncut and unread, and that the 
valuable hint* derived from such sources were turned 
to the best account. Various kinds of power were 
employed in making the butter; here, ft sheep or a 
dog or a pig turned the wheel that stirred up the 
cream; here, a long wire reached its attenuated arm 
to tho brook which, like a maiden singing at the 
cottage door, turned the crank while shouting the 
song of labor. 
All butter-makers, and some butter-eaters, know 
TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.” 
[SINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 
VOL. XII. NO. 2U 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, MAY 25, 1861. 
5 WHOLE NO. 593. 
