tell you they cannot. They are too smart. South, 
Carolina ia taking the lead, and says she, ‘ we will sit 
as kings and queens, or revolt from you.’ Says 
Georgia, ‘ we have as smart men in onr State aa you 
have, and we will have a President from our State.’ 
•But yon cannot,' nays South Carolina. Row long 
will It be before some other State, perhaps New York, 
forms a separate Government? And If a State hits a 
right to secede, so has a Territory, and so has a 
county from a State or Territory, and a town from a 
county, and ft family from a neighborhood, and you 
revolvers were 
include the weight of the leaves | drawn and pointed at Judge Jackson, and he was 
told that that was an order that could not be 
executed! 
"Now if these statements are true, it becomes 
Judge Jackson to beware. The giving of aid and 
comfort to the enemy is treason, and all traitors will 
be summarily dealt with. We arc at war and (here 
trill be no traitors left in the rear f Gur soldiers are 
not to be molested or trifled with. They will hang a 
Judge who is a traitor as promptly as the poorest 
rebel wretch in whose veins flow no aristocratic 
blood. And we say in a kind spirit to our Virginia 
friends, that just now the less said about the "sacred 
soil of Virginia” the better. Tho people of the coun¬ 
try will not brook any such talk.” racy, 
Parson IIrownlow’s Flag. -The editor of the ago 
Knoxville (Tenu.) Whig, W. G. Brownlow, is known 
the country over as the "Fighting Preacher.” A 
strong friend of the Union, ho has dealt many and 
hard blows to Secession, and has kept tho “‘Stars 
and Stripes” flying over his house during all the 
excitement and tumult. This flag has been an eye¬ 
sore to the traitors, and various attempts have been 
made to remove it, but without success. These 
repeated demonstrations have aroused the Parson’s 
ire, and in a recent issue he lays down his platform at 
some length, from which we rnnke the following 
extracts: 
" It is known to this community, and to the people 
of this county, that. I have had the Stars and Stripes, 
gained one hundred and sixty-four pounds. And | The report is that at once many 
this estimate did not i-„ 
or dead branches which in live years fell from the 
tree. 
Now came the application of the test. Was all this 
obtained from the earth? It had not sensibly dimin¬ 
ished: but in order to make the experiment conclu¬ 
sive, it was again dried in an oven and put in the 
balance. Astonishing was the result the earth 
weighed only two own'es less than it did when the 
willow was first planted in it! yet the tree has gained 
one hundred and sixty-four pounds. Manifestly then, 
the wood thus gained in the space of time was not 
obtained from the earth; we are therefore obliged to 
repeat our question, "Where does the wood coiue 
from?” We are left with only two alternatives, the 
water with which it was refreshed, or the air in which 
it lived. It can be clearly shown that it was not due 
to the water; we are consequently unable to resist 
riiovim* nnd wonderful conclusion—it was de- 
fouling deposits; and, as the barrel is completely 
lubricated by the lubricating wad. no sponging or 
cleansing by water is required; in fact the shots, as 
they issue, clean the gun. 
Thk Cartridge-Case.— Next to the gun itself, tho 
tin cartridge-ease, whose convenience and utility 
were strikingly manifest, was most admired. Its 
suitableness for storage and superiority over the old 
flannel bag were universally acknowledged. 
It should be mentioned that, at different times 
during the continuance of the experiments, many 
military officers of high rank in our own and foreign 
services, and of acknowledged authority in matters 
relating to artillery, were present. 
THE WHITWORTH GUN 
It is stated that a battery of W tntwortn twelve- 
poonders has been received at Washington, a present 
from American residents in England. This battery 
is a very acceptable present, certainly. The Whit¬ 
worth gun is a light breech-loading rifled gun, the 
principle of the construction of which is much like 
that of the Maynard rifle. 
Whitworth’s guns were tested at Southport, near 
Liverpool, on the 15th and 24tlr of April last. I 1 onr 
of his guns were tested. Two were three-pounders, 
the guns weighing only 208 pounds. One was a 
twelve-pounder—the calibre of the guns just received 
at Washington. The London Illustrated News says, 
of the three-ponnders, three ihotfive miles and a half! 
This range, the London News says, was greater than 
Tho Relict Postal Arrangement*. 
is Post-Master General of the Davis Oonfedc- 
Tack Reagan, of Texas, advertised some time 
r blanks, locks, keys, mail bags, and other 
onancea of a postal system. What was really 
by this apparently honest proposition, appears 
,hc following thief’s circular, which was sent 
;he post-masters in the Rebel States: 
CIRCULAR NO. •». 
CoNVKutcHATK Stairs or America, 1 
p, 0. Department, Montgomery, May 20, 1801 S 
Sir:-Y ou are hereby Instructed, as the postal 
service of the Government of the 
within the Confederate States wiU he aUspended by 
the service under the authority of the Confederate 
States on and after the flrst day ot June next, to 
retain In your possession, suhjeei totho rnrttter 
orders of this Department, for the benefit ol the Con¬ 
federate States, all mail bags, locks, ami keys, mark¬ 
ing and rating stamps, blanks for quarterly return 
of postmasters, and all other property belonging to 
or connected with the postal service, and -to return 
forthwith tu the Chief of the Appointment Bureau of 
Mils Department a full inventory of tiie same. 
You will also report to the Chief ol the finance 
Bureau of this Department on the first 'lay ot'.Iune 
proximo, your journal or ledger account, with m 
United States, for the service of the P, 0. Department, 
up to and including the hist day of the present 
month, (May,) in accordance with tho central icgula 
lions embraced in chapter 24 of the edition of taws 
and regulations of the PosLOffico Department;.issued 
May U>, I860, page 106, exhibiting the final balance 
in your possession. 
I am, very respectfully. 
Yoiu-obedient servant, 
John Rkaoan, P. M. (*. 
It. bag since been sain that precision ramer umu 
range was chiefly aimed at by Sir Wm. Armstrong. 
It. would seem likely, however, that the gun that was 
able to give its shot the best impetus for tiight>ould 
also give it the truest impetus for precision. The 
statement, however, had the high authority [of Mr. 
Sidney Herbert, who supported it in the House of 
Commons by giving what must be taken to be the 
best results in precision obtained by Sir W. Arm¬ 
strong. Out of forty shots tired with the Armstrong 
twelve-pounder, Mr. Herbert gave the results of fif¬ 
teen, fired respectively at elevations of i. 8, and 9 
degrees. And here we may contrast this mode, so 
often adopted in recording artillery practice, of giv¬ 
ing the results of selected shots, with that adopted 
in recording the experiments at Southport. The 
exact result of every shot tired there has been pub¬ 
lished, without any suppression or allowance for 
trial or wild shots, and without any selection of a 
favorable per centage of the hits made. This enables 
any one acquainted with the subject, even though 
not present at the experiments, to deduce correct 
conclusions from them. But to return to the account 
of the Armstrong twelve-pounder, which it will be 
interesting to compare with the Whitworth twelve- 
pounder, as to precision of fire as well as range. 
We quote Mr. Herbert's Bpeech made in the House 
on Friday, February 17 :—“Thelast gun made by Sir 
William Armstrong, and sent to be tried, was a 
twelve-pounder. At 7 degrees of elevation, in five 
rounds, the range was fr»m 2,465 to 2,405 yards, the 
difference in the range being 30 yards, and the great¬ 
est difference in width three yards.” With these 
maybe compared the practice with a Whitworth o! 
the same calibre (twelve-pounder), fired at the same 
elevation (7 degrees) on February 21, as appears from 
the table below. The range wins 3,078 yards to 3,107 
yards, the diflerence in range being 20 yards, the 
greatest difference in width 11 yard. 
The range of the Whitworth at 7 degrees (3,107 
yards) exceeded the Armstrong at 7 degrees (range 
2,495 yards) by 612 yards; it, in fact, exceeded the 
range obtained by the latter gun at 8 degrees, and 
ov*n 0 degrees, and was therefore uut fi.™d nt o de¬ 
grees or 9 degrees. 
Peculiarities or the Whitworth.— Objections 
have been made to the Whitworth cannon on the 
score that it. does not. fire shell; but if, as Mr. Whit¬ 
worth states, it is adapted for solid shot, and still 
better for shell and hollow shot filled with molten 
iron, the objection is without foundation. He also 
states that his guns arc actually stronger than they 
are practically required to be, and may be fired, as 
mortars, at any elevation, and with the largest charge 
of powder that they can consume. This was striking¬ 
ly illustrated by the practice of the three-pounder at 
Southport, when it was, with its carriage, elevated 
on a platform, and tired like a mortar at 35 degrees, 
without injuring it in any way. This must he 
ascribed to the fact that the recoil in guns tiring the 
mechanically-fitting projectiles from the polygonal 
bore is reduced to its minimum. The projectile is 
We present our readers with a representation of 
the flag adopted by the Secession Congress at Mont¬ 
gomery. Although the traitors have forsaken the 
ensign which was first thrown to the breeze eighty- 
four years ago, they have chosen the old colors,— 
red, white and bine. The flag ia composed of three 
stripes, or "bars” as they are called in the act of 
ROCHESTER, N. Y., JUNE 22, 1861 
THE WAR’S PROGRESS 
Tho Trophic* Captured at PhilUppn. 
A correspondent of the Pittsburg Chronicle 
writes of the result of the capture of Phillippa by our 
troops as follows:—“The number of arms captured 
is seven hundred and eighty stand, quite a number 
of horses, and all their camp equipage and provi¬ 
sions. The rebel camp flag was brought into head 
this afternoon. It consists ot a blue field 
t stars, uud two brown and one white stripes. 
8 about ten feet long nod live feet wide. The 
irn, a cannon ball having passed through it, 
s of Col. Kelley's Bix-pounders. A gentle- 
it from their camp, informs me that the 
of Col. Kelley’s command are amusing th* n- 
f strutting around with sword and at U 
icked hats, and other paraphernalia of t)'• 
i carnp. A train has jast arrived with fifteen 
’ flint, muskets, furnished by the Governor of 
, to tho rebels. These arms havo not been 
id are In good condition. The other arms 
I uro not of much account A great number 
i of blankets were captured, which will be of 
crvlco to onr men. Tho amount of camp 
ukeu is estimated at $25,000. The officers 
II dressed and equipped, and were what were 
satod the flower of tho chivalry; hut tho men, 
he dragoons, were badly equipped, hastily 
■ther. nnd -will »ot fight there are among 
any good Union men, who have been pressed 
.„i,.„ Col. Willv. the secession commander, 
Extracts from the Southern Pres*. 
Speech-making at the South. — In the last 
issue of the Rural we gave a specimen of the 
speeches emanating from JekfersON Davts of the 
Southern Confederacy. We now publish an extract 
from one delivered by Alexander H. Stephens, at 
Atlanta, Georgia. 
*• It is true that threats of an attack on Pensacola 
have been, made, but it is uncertain whether any at¬ 
tack will be made. As you know, an attack was made 
,, n Howall’s Point, near Norfolk, hut the vessel making 
it was repulsed and disabled. But the general opin- 
, J 1 Al.,.4 it... «lt 4 £i+ inn 
people, irrespective of parties. There, are but lev/ ot 
the leaders of this Secession movement in Knoxville, 
less than half a dozen, for whom I entertain any sort 
„f respect, or whose good opinions 1 esteem. With 
one of these I had a free hod full conversation more 
than two weeks ago, in regard to this whole question. 
[ told him, that we Union men would make tho best 
light we conld at the ballot-box, ou the 8th of June, 
to keep tho State in the Union, but that if we wero 
ovorpowciTMi, ami ft in 
State should say in t’ ! 
must secede, we - 
bring our Hags with 
. majority of the people of the *, 
.i this constitutional way that she y 
should have to come down, and ' 
us, bowing to the will of tho 
, grace we could. * * * * n 
___... party here know this to be the c 
position and purpose of the Union parly, but iv por- ^ 
tion of them seek to btilig about, personal conflicts, 
and to engage Ktraugers, under the influence ol 1 
whisky, to do a dirty and villainous work they havo f 
the meanness to do, without tho courage. v 
If those God-forsaken scoundrels and Hell-deserv¬ 
ing iissassiuH want, satisfaction tor what l have saiu 
ubout them,— and it has been no little, -they can < 
And mo on these street* nvvry my lire, r.n t , 
Sunday I am ut all times prepared to give them ( 
satisfaction. I take back nothing 1 have ewer said 
against the corrupt and unprincipled villains, but 
reiterate ail, cast it in their dastardly faces, and 
hurl down their lying throats their own infamous 
calnmnies. e 
Finally, the destroying of my Bmtill flag or of my 
town property, is a small matter. I ho carrying out 
of the Slate upon the mud wave of Secession, is also 
a small matter, compared with the great principle 
involved. Hink or swim, live or die, survive or 
perish, 1 am a Union man, and owe my allegiance to 
the stars and stripes of my country. Nor can I, in 
any possible contingency, have any respect lor the 
Government of tho Confederate States, originating 
as it did, and being controlled by the worst men in 
the South.” 
A Desolated Region. —The Wheeling (Va.) Intel¬ 
ligencer draws this picture of the effect of Jeff. 
Davis’s occupation of Virginia soil:—“If any one 
wants to see what secession will do fora Western Vir¬ 
ginia community, let him go to Phillippa and the ad¬ 
jacent country, and see what it has done for that 
section. It has para)ized all that region. It has 
invited the arms of tlm Government and the 
desolating tramp of soldiery. It has stopped the 
plow in the furrow, the hoe around the corn 
hills, and all the details of agriculture. It has driven 
| an affrighted people from their homes for fear of 
• their lives, and their houses are tenanted by troops 
. gent among them to put down rebellion. The town 
1 of Phillippa is almost a waste. Every little Industry 
WAR TERMS 
III! U 11 I? IJOM — . V 
mid Dixon's line, and your stout aims and brave 
hearts will ho her only support on alt this continent. 
We prefer and desire peace if we can have it; but 
if ,v .j uauuut, vre mu:* meet tlw is* uc (Breed upon u«. 
We mast, meet Lincoln and his myrmidons on their 
own ground, and on their own terms,— on constitu¬ 
tional principles.” 
“Gkn. Scott a Prisoner of War.” —Such is the 
heading, only in much larger type, of an article in a 
late number of the Galveston (Texas) News, in which 
it gous on and says that Gen. Scott is held in Wash¬ 
ington as a prisoner of war. The same paper also 
advises tho immediate confiscation of the large piop- 
erty in Texas owned by W. W, Leland, of New \ ork 
city, it says that. “ tho property of every alien enemy 
should go into the public treasury.” 
The Blockade.— The Charleston Mercury of May 
15th thus expressed its feelings upon tho blockade: 
"To talk of attempting to ' subjugate 1 the Southern 
The columbiad or paixhan, (pronounced pay/.on,; , 
ia a large gun designed principally for firing shells— 
lL belllg tar mure irecm-ate tUau tho ordinary Short 
mortar. 
A mortar is a very short cannon with a very largo 
bore, some of them thirteen inches in diamater, for 
firing shells. Those in use in our army are set at an 
angle of forty-five degree, and the range of shell is 
varied by altering the charge of powder. The shell 
is caused to explode at just about tho time it strikes, 
by means of a fuse, the length of which is adjusted 
to the time of flight to be occupied by the ball, which 
of course corresponds with the range. The accuracy 
with which the time of tho burning of a fuse can be 
adjusted by varying its length is surprising; good 
artillerists generally succeed in having their shells 
explode at the exact instant of striking. In loading 
a mortar the shell is carefully placed with the fuse 
directly forward, and when the piece is discharged) 
the shell is so completely enveloped with flame, that 
the fuse is nearly always tired. The fuse is made by | 
filling a wooden cylinder with fuse powder, the cyl¬ 
inder being of sufficient length for the longest range, 
to be cut down shorter for the shortest ranges. 
A Dahlgrea guu is an ordinary cauuon, except 
that it is very thick at the breach for three or four 
feet, when it tapers down sharply to loss than the 
usual size. This form was adopted in consequence 
of the experiments of Capt. Dahlgren of the United 
States navy, having shown that when a gun bursts it 
usually gives way at the breach. The ship ol war 
Niagara is armed with these guns, and at the Brook¬ 
lyn Navy Yard there are sixty, weighing about 9,000 
pounds each, and six of 12,000 lbs. each, the former 
of which are capable of carrying a nine-inch, and the 
latter a ten-inch shell a distance of two or three 
. miles, and there is one gun of this pattern which 
• weighs 15,910 lbs. and is warranted to send an eleven 
inch shell four miles. 
^ A casemate i 3 a stone roof to a fort made sufli- 
f ciently thick to resist the force of cannon balls, and 
j a casemate gun is one which is placed under a 
casemate. 
j A barbette gun ia one which is placed on the top 
1 of a fortification. 
Au embrasure is the hole or opening through which 
guns are fired from fortifications. 
e Loopholes are openings in walla to tire musketry 
[. through .—Scientific American. 
Brigham Young on tho Lnion. 
The great Boanerges of Utah has been deliver¬ 
ing a sermon on the political troubles of the coun¬ 
try. Ho Bays: 
" I exhort the brethren not to boast over our 
enemies’ downfall. Boast not, brethren. God has 
come out of his hiding place, and has commenced to 
vex the nation that has rejected us, and he will vex it 
with a sore vexation. It will not be patched up — it 
never can come together again,— but it will he sifted 
with a sieve of vanity, and in a short time it will be like 
water spilled on the ground, and like chaff upon the 
summer threshing floor, until those wicked stewards 
are cut off. What will King Abrahapi do? I do not 
know, neither do I care. It is no difference what be 
does, or what any of them do. Why? God will ac- 
| complish his own purposes, and they may do or not 
do, they may take the road that leads to the right, or 
they may take the road that leads to the left, and 
which ever road they do take, they will wish they 
had taken the other. 
u There is no more a United States. Can they 
amalgamate and form a Government? No. No. 
Will they have ability to form a Government and 
coutiuue it? No, they will not. Hear it. Jew and 
Gentile. Suppose there is a division between the 
North and the South, and the fifteen slave States try 
I to form a permanent government, can they do it? I 
WHAT ARE TREE3 MADE OP? 
Tkkason at pARKEKSBlTBtt.—The l arkernburg 
(Va.) Intelligencer says:—“We understand that the 
picket guard of the 14th (Federal) regiment caught 
three men yesterday afternoon in the attempt to bum 
a railroad bridge East of 1’arkersburg, for the mani¬ 
fest purpose of preventing the Government troops 
passing eastward. M. Jackson, Esq., the prosecut¬ 
ing Attorney of W'ood county, a loyal friend of the 
Union, assured Col. Steodman that these tiaitois 
should be committed to prison if given up to the 
regular course of law. They were given up, but 
unfortunately were taken before Judge Jackson, (not 
Gen. J.,) who at once dismissed them. Afterwards 
when the Attorney protested against this unwarranted 
I course, he ordered his arrest for contempt of Court. 
