I the soil, it produced remarkable crops, without ma¬ 
nure,—much more, even, than the rest of the piece. 
Mr. II. C. Hunt tells me that in setting a young 
orchard, he dug the holes the fall before. On plant¬ 
ing the field to corn, for experiment, he put a hill 
on each knoll thrown ont, the original hole being 
filled with surface soil. The result was a miserable 
| growth of stalks. The next year, repeating the trial, 
the knoll hills were heaviest of all, though the field 
was highly cultivated. In this case, probably, the 
increase was owing to the decomposition of the soil 
by exposure, producing vegetation whore it had been 
impossible. In the first cu-o one soil happened to 
furnish just what the other lacked—air and water, 
too, having much to do in producing the result. 
Now, we have a piece of muck, light and pretty to 
handle when in the right state of moisture. On 
plowing into the subsoil, a complete putty clay was 
ton, up, lor it would scarcely plow at all. This lias 
proved a serious damage to the productiveness of the 
land, although it lias been exposed to the action of 
air and water for three years. So we must be guided 
by experience and reason, as well as “book know¬ 
ledge.” A. J. Stow. 
New Haven, Vt., 1861. 
the basin, and spill a little into the month; if he gets 
any he is learned. Make a small pen outside of the 
pen, and cut a small hole, not large enough for the 
old sow, but for the pigs to come into the little pen; 
then put a small flat trough in it, and feed them each 
time of feeding the sow; bat at first with sweet milk, 
and as they advance in age, give them of the same 
as the sow.” 
Harvesting Timothy Heed. 
S. Edwards Todd gives his methods of harvest¬ 
ing thiB crop in the Country Gentleman of the 4th 
instant. He says: 
J have been accustomed to practice several different 
ways of gathering timothy seed, being influenced by 
circumstances. 
If the timothy was very tall, not too heavy, we ent 
it with a grain-cradle, cutting it ga high as practica¬ 
ble, after which it was raked and bqund, and set up 
in long shocks, and allowed to cure about three or 
four days,—according to the state of the weather,— 
when it was hauled to the barn. The stubble was 
then cut close to the ground for hay. Sometimes, 
when the bottom of the grass was not very thick, we 
cut it with « machine close to the ground, and left 
it in small gavels for a day or two, if the weather 
was favorable for making hay, when we would turn 
them over, and stir them up a little, and then bind 
them, and as they were cured they were hauled to 
the burn, and not put into a large solid mow, but 
sprooi^ver a large surface, so as not to injure the 
A good compost vitality of the seed. , 
bushels of lime, Another way, which has been my most uniform 1 
ands of plaster, practice, is, to mow the grass with a scythe, as soon i 
'ting, or iiroum! as the seed is ripe enough to be cut, and allow it to 1 
handful to each remain about one day in the swath, just as it was ' 
rotten manure, mowed; and the next day, if the swaths were rather [ 
on corn, and is thick and heavy, we would turn them upside down, « 
by running a long fork handle, or a smooth light t 
pole, under the stfath near the tops of the grass, and 
turn it over bodily. Should there be some very thick y1 
ants combine to and green bunches in some places, they should be 1 
ited efforts, de- stirred up, so that the whole would dry out in a day ‘ 
vitzerland hires or so if the weather were favorable. As soon as it is 
wruyere, in the cured, we would bind in small bundles, and shock it 
f the herd and and allow It to cure for several days, when it may be B 
enscr 
Weather. Crops, kc. 
inst, which lasted neai 
•—The heavy rain of the 1st and 2d 
rly forty hours, was greatly needed, 
e benefit. Though the temperature 
the storm, (so much so that many 
, died from exposure,) the warm 
led was most favorable to the crops, 
entirely "headed' the wheat midge 
rily at least, and winter wheat is now 
materially affected. We had heard 
ie rain. The prospects of most crops 
unng the past week. The very warm 
few days has given com a decidedly 
wheat, barley, and other crops, are 
“ Wonderful workers!” said I. 
“Yes, they are that,—and bow they do travel!—I 
believe they have a range here of a circle of at least 
twenty miles, which they glean. And yet you would 
hardly believe that these lively bees, armed as they 
are, are the victims of great clumsy, black, filthy 
toads?” 
“I have seen it so asserted, but have no further 
evidence that toads eat bees.” 
“Well, they do. I did not believe it; but I met an 
old gentleman at a fair who told me to kill all toads 
I caught about bee hives—said they ate bees—I de¬ 
termined to know. Last year at bee swarming, I wttB 
watching my bees, and snw a large fat scamp of a 
black warty toad near the hives. There were a good 
many bees on the ground, about on the grass where 
I had just hived a swarm. I determined to watch Mr. 
Toad, though with little faith that I should prove 
Flour is selling at $20 
Protestantism 
is spreading rapidly throughout Sardinia. 
— The papers of St. Louis are advertising for a Governor 
Missouri"” ^ D ° W I<>Wa regiments in Northern 
An immense mail is received and made up daily at Fort 
ress Monroe. t- 
— The Mobile Mercury has been changed from a dailv to a 
weekly issue. } 
— Admiral Sir Richard Dundas, one of the Lords of the 
British Admiralty, is dead. 
— I ifteen hundred acres have been planted with cotton in 
Jamaica as an experiment 
Up the VALLEY.—A tiv 
Livingston county last wee 
tunities afforded for makin 
affairs, we should judge the 
quite encouraging. Wheat. 
The Secretary of the State 
icd Fir Id Notes a table of the 
crops for the month or .fuse, In thirty-three 
a, mostly of the central east and west belt 
intern basin. The following is an abstract of 
ible points: — Wheatjreported average, fair, 
[ good and very good, except in western counties; price from 
85c. to 11.20 per bushel. Barley is said to he good in most of 
the counties where it is usually grown Rye do. Clover good 
and very good in the clover regions. Corn good nearly 
everywhere, only it i B ]»t| in some places. Oats good nearly 
everywhere. Flax generally not reported, and good only 
in Delaware, Greene, Miami and Van Wert. Grass mostly 
good light in some of the northern counties. Sorgho 
little reported; good in Greene, Miam. Noble, Van Wert and 
Vinton. We presume that, as this is not a general crop, the 
actual condition and breadth are not well known. Potatoes 
good. Wool is reported “ good,” which refers doubtless to 
tile quality and quantity of the clip, but is rather indefinite. 
Fruits are generally reported “poor,” “few,” “killed” and 
“none,” except in the north west. 
, one cneeseman, one pressman or stacked or put in the barti. 
i cowherd, are considered necessary Most farmers allow their seed to remain too long in 
nvB. 1 ho owners of the cows get the field after it is cut. The seed is very small when 
ior the quantity of milk given by compared with kernels of cereal grains, and conse- 
The cheeseman and his assistants quently does not require as long time to cure. As 
it the milk all togetlmr, and make soon as the straw is well cured, there will be no 
at the end of the season each owner fears about the seed. 
is 3,887,542; of the wards of New York city, 805,657. 
— One hundred thousand cotton spindles are now running 
in Bombay, and they are to be increased to a million. 
— The steamer Hammonia, which has just arrived, brought 
about 20,000 arms for our troopg. Others are coming. 
— ^ r - Alexander B. Mott, Inspecting Surgeon of N. Y. 
State Volunteers, 1ms arrived in the city of Washington. 
— The Clay statue at Lexington, Ky , has been successfully 
placed upon Its monument, and the scaffolding removed. 
— The State of Virginia lias spent money and incurred debts 
together to the amount of $4,000,000 since the war began. 
— The seventeen year locusts have made their appearance 
in several counties of Illinois bordering on the Mississippi. 
— They talk of having a statue of the Prince of Wales in 
Montreal. Subscriptions for that purpose are being raised. 
— The law under which the Buccaneers of the privateer 
Savannah will be tried, was passed bv Con cress in Anvil iron 
Eds. Rcrai, New- Yorker:— About ten days ago I 
Btarted iu company with a friend up the country 
about twenty-five miles, for a visit. We Intended 
spending about a week in visiting friends in two 
adjoining counties. We found them in the midst of 
the wheat cutting. A finer crop of wheat 1 think has 
never been raised In Southern Kentucky that! has 
been raised this year. Large and beautiful fields of 
it were being chiseled down by the reapers. The 
land is gently rolling in its character, free from all 
obstructions in many places, and consequently fine 
for the reaping machine. 
In the vicinity where 1 wub, there were six planters 
who together would, at the lowest estimate, raise 
12,000 bushels of wheat. This, taken in considera¬ 
tion with the fact that such vast quantities of corn 
are planted, and tobacco also, (as this is the central 
tobacco region,) shows an uncommon wheat crop. 
The Mon. Mr. 13., late member of Congress, said there 
would be wheat enough iu Kentucky this year to feed 
both tile federate and confederate urmies for six 
months. 
The weather of late has been extremely warm and 
dry. The prospect for tobacco is rather poor, and if 
wc do not get rain soon it will lie bad enough. Poor 
chance this year, at all events, for the .sale of tobacco, 
and probabilities are that, but u small crop will be 
raised. 
War of course stagnates every thing. 
Kicking and Runaway Homes. 
The experiments of Rarey, the horse-tamer, and 
the promulgation of his theory of training and man¬ 
agement, ure bringing before the public mnch useful 
knowledge on this interesting subject. Whatever 
may help to bring the horse, especially the vicious 
horses, as they are called, more completely under the 
subjection of man, without the necessity of resorting 
to cruel treatment, ought to be known by all who 
have the management of horses. Wo heard, a day 
or two since, a description of the taming of a kick¬ 
ing horse, and another who was an inveterate run¬ 
away, by methods so simple and Rareyisb that, we 
cannot forbear to publish them for the benefit of 
horscologists in general. If yon have a horse that 
lias a habit, when in harness, of bringing his heels 
in contact with the dasher, and damaging the vehicle 
by kicking, proceed 2s*follows: 
Place around his : 
the martingale. TbJ 
them to the biron 
Av Extra Goon Cow. — Laid week we published an item 
slating that a live vear-old native cow, (in Massachusetts,) 
weighing 075 lbs., gave 1,333 lbs. of milk in one month, from 
which was made 54'j lbs, of butter—her feed being rowen 
bay, with two quarts of cob meal daily, the first half of the 
time, and simply pasture the last half. This was considered 
a good yield, yet we had heard of a cow, near this city, which 
had done mnch better, and, having since seen her owner, are 
enabled to give the figures, Mr. Lackkn Parsons, of Gates, 
in this county, has a grade cow (three fourths Durham,) from 
which ho list year made 18 fbs. of l utter in roe wnoh, bonum 
using a portion of her milk for a family of three persons. 
He lias this season made 17 lbs. of butter in a week from th« 
milk of the same cow, and also used cream three rimes a day 
lor strawberries I The cow hnd no extra food in either case_ 
only- pasture. Mr. P. was offered $S0 for this cow a few days 
ago, but refused to part with her. She gives over 30 quarts 
of milk per day, and Mr Parsons challenges the State to 
produce her equal. 
nay in August. I he Legislature met in that city Monday last. 
— The Government has ordered fifty batteries, consisting 
of six field pieces each, of what is called the Griffin rifle gun. 
— The Irish papers announce the death of Mrs. W. Smith 
rvr >„ ln , „ r «„ xevoiuauuwy p,|i-*-o,„. 
— The case of the condemned R».t; u i, „„i.onner. Tropic 
Wind, will probably be appealed to the United States Supreme 
Court. 
— Four millions or whites in England are dependent on the 
production of cotton by four millions of blacks in the United 
States. 
— Applications from 375 ladies have already been filed at 
the State House in Boston, for positions as nurses to the 
troops. 
— Three Degroes, who evinced an insurrectionary spirit in 
Richmond county, N. C„ last week, were shot dead by their 
master. 
— Receipts of California gold into New York for the year 
ending 30th June last, $34,073,000. Previous year, $30 - 
784,000. ’ 
— Kansas will furnish seven regiments, to be commanded 
by Brigadier Gen. Lane, who received his commission on the 
20th inst. 
— The Mobile papers are urging the necessity of confis¬ 
cating all the property in that city which is owned by North¬ 
ern citizens. 
— The exports of ice from Boston this year to June 1st, 
amounted to 60,048 tuns, against 74,717 tuns in the same 
period last year. 
The total number of vessels employed in trade and com¬ 
merce in Great Britain, exclusive of river steamers, is 20 019 
of 4,251,739 tuns, 
— The amount of deposits in the New Orleans banks de¬ 
creased, between the 8th and 15th of June, over sir hundred 
thousand dollars. 
— Grain of all kinds has been lavishly sown in Southern 
Pennsylvania and Maryland, and gives evidence of a supera¬ 
bundant harvest. 
— The exports of domestic produce from New York for the 
year ending 30th ult., amounted to $117,933,000. Previous 
year, $70,250,000, 
— At a recent sale 
a band, like that used for 
ke two light atrap^, buckle 
side, pass them through tho 
ueck-lmni] and thence inside the girth, and strap 
them securely to each fetlock of tho hind feet, taking 
care to have them of tho proper length. When a 
horse is rigged thus, if he attempts to “kick up be¬ 
hind,” each effort will bring his bead down in such 
a manner as to astonish him, and perhaps throw him 
over on his head. He will make but a few attempts to 
kick, when he finds that his head is tied to his heels, 
and two or three lessons will cure him altogether. 
The method of reforming a runaway is equally 
simple and effectual. First of all, fasten some thick 
pads upon your horse’s knees;, then buckle a strap, 
about the Bize of a rein, upon each fetlock forward, 
and pass the straps through the liame rings, and lead 
the straps back to the driver’s baud, as he sits in the 
buggy. He has thus four reins iu his baud. Start 
the animal without fear; do not worry him with a 
strong pull upon the bit, but talk to him friendly. 
When lie attempts to run, he must of course bend his 
forward legs. Now pull sharply on one of the foot 
reins, and the effect will be to raiso one of his for¬ 
ward feet to his shoulder. He is a three-legged horse 
now. and when be has gone on iu that way a little 
distance, drop the constrained foot and jerk up the 
other. He can’t run faster on three legs than you can 
pue, and when you have tired him on both sides 
pretty thoroughly, or if he refuse to trot kindly and 
to obey your voice and a moderate pull on the bit, 
you can raise both bis feet, and drop him upon his 
knees, and let him make a few bounds in that posi¬ 
tion. The animal will soon find that he can^t run 
away; that he is completely in your power, and by 
soothing words you will be able to convince him that 
you are his friend. Within a week or two, some 
horses that were quite valuable in every respect but 
their b:fcl habits of kicking and running in harness, 
were enred by the methods above described. The 
experiments are such as can be made by any person 
at all accustomed to managing horses, and we hope 
it may prove serviceable to some of our readers. 
I remarked 
to my friend, as we were rising on horseback through 
a large plantation, listening to the reapers as they 
were doing their noble work, that it was a sad thought 
that perhaps in many places within sound of the 
glorious reapers, might be heard the booming of can¬ 
non. It seems to me many times, as I witness the 
quiet ami ennobling works of agriculture going on, 
that all this clangor of arms is but a dream, but a 
moment of reflection tells me that it is true — pain¬ 
fully true. 
I still pray that Mod may preserve us from the dire 
ravages of civil war. Oh! for the time when the 
sword may be again beaten into the plow-share in onr 
own land, and when the golden harvests may not be 
required to feed devouring armies. b. 
Princeton, Ky., June 21, 1861. 
v*wvi. in i.-auvu the machines. — Now that the grain 
harvest ia in progress at the West, we are receiving accounts 
of serious accidents. Among others, a Tiffin (Ohio) paper 
says a farmer of that vicinity was driving a McCormick reaper 
through his field, when the horses shied, and threw him from 
his seat, so that lie was caught by the scythe of the machine, 
which, cut off hath his hands a/ the wrist! As the season 
is approaching for operating harvesting machinery in this 
region, we would caution all interested to be on their guard 
against accident*. The war will unavoidably kill or maim a 
Breeding anil Management of Swine. 
A writer in the Stock Journal, and one who 
seems to know whereof he affirms, gives the follow¬ 
ing directions on this subject: 
“Much more depends ou the treatment of sows, 
while suckling, than many persons seem to have the 
least idea of, both as regards mother and young. 
Many a fine sow and promising litter have been spoil¬ 
ed for want of proper treatment at this period. Most 
bows are feverish after farrawing, consequently they 
must have a spare diet of swill, such as sour milk or 
dish-water, or broth made of boiled potatoes, carrots, 
and oats, with a tahlespoonful of sulphur once a day 
for two or three days —boiled oats are good alone. 
Some sows are very much debilitated, and require 
something stimulating; where they are very weak, a 
pudding made of middlings and corn meal, diluted 
with small quantities of wine and brandy, with new 
milk, given in small rations, but often. After two or 
Minor Itkms.— The Pennsylvania State Ag. Society has 
decided not to hold a State Fair this year.-Letters’from 
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, speak favorably of the progress of 
wheat harvest, and the yield.-The Livingston Co. Horse 
ABOUT SHEEP, AGAIN, 
Ens. Rural New Yorker Jn reply to an article 
on Wintering Sheep, signed “M. C.,” dated June, 
18fil, in No. 20 of your journal, which is a reply to 
my article in No. 22, (signed by mistake Wm. J. 
Tripp instead of Wm. I. Kip) I would here say that 
what I then wrote was intended to treat on the cheap¬ 
ness of wintering sheep, ns there appeared commu¬ 
nications from two compeers in your paper on that 
head, and nothing on the subject or best mode of 
fattening sheep. When we come to treat on that 
point, T prefer feeding grain, and not too sparingly— 
and that to snob stock us comes to maturity young, 
such as swino ; but sheep I believe we raise for 
other purposes than merely for the butcher’s stall and 
to satiate the gormandizers. 
Sheep I think very profitable for other purposes ; 
and I do not deem it profitable to fatten them until 
after they are three years old, and then some how or 
other they get fat and tit for market without the grain, 
as every good farmer may find his flock, especially 
those without Iambs and the wethers. I have now 
as many lambs as ewes that are over one year old ; 
in London, 80 manuscript poems of 
Burns, in his own hand-writing, many of them unpublished 
were disposed of. 
— The price of the Enfield rifle has risen from sixteen to 
twenty-one dollars in England, in consequence of the demand 
from this country. 
— During the first four months of the present year the 
British importation of foreign breadstuff's amounted to ninety 
millions of dollars. 
— At Havana, an Angle-Spanish Cotton Company, capital 
$4,000,000, has been established for the extension of cotton 
cultivation in Cuba. 
— Forty thousand cartridges — musket, Minie, Enfield, 
revolver and artillery— are now daily manufactured at the 
Indiana State Arsenal 
— The Illinois and Mississippi Telegraph Company have 
completed arrangements for building a line between Keokuk 
and Burlington, Iowa. 
— Richard D. Morris, aged 98, died at his residence, in Pitt¬ 
sylvania county, Va., on the 30th ult. Deceased was at the 
surrender of Yorktown. 
— The population of England and Wales, in I860, was bnt 
fttpirifjsi anrt gu.snw 
Dark ok Mules, — Will some one acquainted with the use 
of mules, state through the columns of the Rural, whether 
there should be anything iu their care, or feed, different from 
horses, and oblige —T. R. A., Fond du Lac. Wis ., 1861 
earth, which seems to act as a regulator. Never put 
fresh feed into the t rough when some of the old mess 
remains, but give her no more than she will eat up, 
and at regular hours. 
Peed sparingly for the first ten days. The more 
care taken of the sow at this time, the better the pigs 
will thrive, and the less it will pull down on the sow. 
When the sow is weakly, or has not teats enough, 
or has not a sufficiency of milk, the young pigs can 
be learned to drink by inserting a small finger in the 
mouth, held in a basin of warm milk, or a small piece 
of wood made for the purpose, and pot in a bottle, 
and use warm milk. In order to attrack the attention 
of the puny pig from the others, make a noise with 
your mouth resembling a pig when eating or drink¬ 
ing milk; after the third trial, yon will have no diffi¬ 
culty in calling your pet. 
If you wish to handle pigs, put your hand under 
the belly and raise them up quickly and they will not 
squeal; but never put your hand on a pig’s back, un¬ 
less yon want him to run and squeal. They are very 
sensitive to anything from above. 
If yon should want to make anything very nice of 
your pigs (for you can,) when the pigs are about ten 
days old, commence to carry the basic of warm milk 
into the pen, and let the pig get hold of the edge of 
Laving Wall on Hard-Pan Land.— Will not some of the 
Rckal readers inform us how we can, ob our hard pan land, 
la.v wall or under-pin barns, so that the frost will not throw 
it down? — Inquirer, Alfred Center, AUcyuny Co., A. I"., 1861. 
Grain for Grass-Fed Horses.— I would like to hear the 
opinion of the Rukaj.’S numerous correspondent* upon the 
subject of feeding grain to grass-fed horses This is a subject 
I never hare seen treated in any work on the horse and I 
have examined several for that purpose. Farmeis often have 
occasion to drive their horses two or three davs fresh from 
the pasture whera grass cannot he obtained, and in the 
opinion of Rome, grain is of no benefit for so short u time 
either on hay or grass. Light upon this subject would be 
gratefully received by many.—M. L. B , New fork, 1861 
20,000.000. The number of paupers in Great Britain the same 
year, was about 1,000,000. 
— The notice of the American Postmaster-General about 
the stoppage of the mails to the seceded States, has been 
published in Paris without comment. 
— An English gentleman, who lately traveled through 
Virginia, says that when he passed through Manassas, the 
rebels were drilling with pikes and axes. 
— The steamer Golden Fleece from England, with troops 
and military stores for Quebec, passed Farther Point Monday 
week. She left Ireland on the 17th of June. 
— The first Congregational church in Toledo, Ohio, and 
two dwellings adjoining, were destroyed by fire on the 17th 
ult. Loss $15,000, which is partially insured. 
— The rebels are short of tents; they have no cloth; “ the 
troops must blame Lincoln s blockade, which, has cut off the 
supply of cloth,” says the Richmond Dispatch. 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker:— We had a valuable 
piece of loam that, iu our Vermont market, was 
worth one hundred dollars per acre. One corner of 
this ran into a boggy, busby swale. After clearing 
we tried to plow, rolling the broken bog from a 
white, cold, pipe-sand bottom. After a few years it 
cultivated readily, yielding about one-fourth the 
average crop of the piece. Water, at times, passed 
about two rods from the line fences. Moving tho 
fence, we plowed a course for it on the line some 
eighteen inches deep, getting a coarse, rusty gravel 
sand, which we scraped upon the soil described 
above. Either soil, by itself, was just about worth, 
less, but after cultivating, which mixed and exposed 
O.xl.v vs. Horses.— I am about to commence farming on 
my "own hook ' — having 80 acres of rolling limeaUme clav 
situated seven milesfmm the city of Lend du Lac. But what 
I want to know is, What team can 1 work with the most 
profit, Oxen or Horses’ Now 1 am rather incliued to believe 
that a good yoke of heavy, smart Oxen are the team for a 
6tnall larm of 80 acres. Horses command $250 to $275, 
harness, $30; whitlletiees, :4. And if you work homes hard 
they consume no nmal! amount of oat* and hav Oxen 
o-xx 8CA4* r __ j._i a _ . . . * . 
easy-keening horse to go to ini II, and to town to meeting, 
making him generally useful by working him ahead of the 
eattlu. We do not Feed our working Oxen any grain in the 
Ciwino' ll.lnb . •I.., I «. .. _ 1 ^ p ■ 
spring; think good timothy and clover good enough; they 
are always in good order. 1 want some experienced old 
farmer to answer the above and oblige— Oscar Bkrrt, near 
Fond du Lae, 1 m., June. 1661. 
P. 8. How would mules or asses do, friend H. T. B.f 
