continue in this way I cannot say, as this is the first 
season I have noticed the fact. It is classed in all 
seed catalogues, I believe, as an annual. 
Old Gardener. 
indeed 
raond,) is the hardiest fruit tree I know of, 
I do not know of any hardier among the forest frees. 
Shall T tell you how I planted them five years ago this 
spring?'’ 
“ Yes, if you please.’’ 
Well, sir, it was getting rather late, and we had a 
great deal to do, and too little help, and these trees 
must be planted. 1 went through the orchard and 
stuck stakes where I wanted the tows; a man and 
team followed with a plow, going one ’bout in 
the same furrow; he was followed by n man with 
the trees, who set them in the furrows, kicked 
a little dirt over them, and another team turned 
a back furrow op against them, the trees being 
laid leaning so that the team could pass them. 
A man followed and straightened them up. It was 
done in donhle quick time, I assure yon, and I called 
it ••shiftless” then, hut with good culture, you can 
TO DESTROY MOTHS IN CARPETS 
EARLY RICHMOND CHERRY, 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —This is a subject 
which claims the attention of people generally, and 
to which I have given no little time, studying the in¬ 
stinctive habits of the moth, and a practical remedy 
for destroying them. Having written an article on 
the subject of the rnoth for the Reveille, in which I 
gave a certain remedy, and seeing in your paper of 
June 22d, tho question how to destroy these perni¬ 
cious little animals in carpets, 1 will quote there¬ 
from: “ During the month of March, and sometimes 
ns lato as April, we find them, in the chrysalis state, 
under the edge of ingrain carpets —In Brussels and 
Tapestry carpets we find them close to the foundation 
under the worsted. The reason of their being found 
under the edge of ingrain carpeting is, that they are 
all wool, in which the moth finds its element. Brus¬ 
sels and Tapestry carpets have a linen or hemp 
foundation, hence the cause of their being found 
above the linen. From this chrysalis state they 
change to a miller, or moth with wings. This moth 
varies in color in accordance with tlm color of the 
carpet which they have eaten, And are from a light 
color to u dark drab. You can see them (lying about 
usually in the fore part of the day, looking for 
places to deposit their eggs, after which the female 
dies. Tho egg hatches in a few days, and a worm 
grows, from a quarter to lmlf an ineh long. As soon 
as sufficiently supplied, it will spin its cocoon and 
pass into the chrysalis state, then requiring no more 
food until a moth again. 
While In the worm state, sprinkle salt (common 
Syracuse salt,) over your carpet and sweep thor¬ 
oughly. This will kill them, and the salt will not 
injure the carpet, rather brightening than dimming 
the colors. 
Instinct leads them to places where they will not 
be disturbed — under sofas, divans, tables, libraries, 
and like places. 
Tun Plan for Destroying them in either state. 
— Camphor, two ounces, well cut, to a quart a 
whisky,— a hot fiat iron to pass over a piece of mus¬ 
lin wet with this solution and thin enough to allow 
tho steam produced by the hot, iron to penetrate 
through tho carpet. Carpets that are taken up en¬ 
tirely, spring and fall, are more free from the work 
of this insect, but this remedy is practical in all 
cases — perhaps more particularly where a velvet 
THE USE OF SYNOKYMHS. 
Compi.aint is made, and should be made, and 
sbonld continue to he made, in consequence of the 
dodge which nurserymen resort to in order to sell 
their stock. All nurserymen do not act dishonestly; 
neither do all nurserymen know that they are selling 
their customers one thing with the name of another 
thing attached; but these ignorant nurserymen are 
hardlv less deserving punishment; forsuch ignorance 
disqualifies them for their business, and people will 
quickly learn to place no coufldenco in them what¬ 
ever. 
To illustrate:—Within a week, in company with 
two or three intelligent amateur horticulturists, the 
writer has visited several private establishments in 
and near thiB city of Chicago, and has during that 
time found the same rt.rawberry growing under the 
name of the Mammoth Prolific, Ohio Mammoth, Oruer 
TnE Richmond Cherry spoken of in onr Western 
Correspondence, is the true Kentish, though generally 
known in this country by the former name. It is 
also called Virginia May, and is known by many 
_ other names in England and Flor* 
JeSp ence. It is extremely hardy, is 
Ij&r particularly adapted to the West, 
B/ and valuable anywhere for eook- 
// ing, preserving, and drying. It 
I is grown in largo quantities in 
I New Jersey, for the New York 
|| market. The engraving of this 
| cherry we take from Elliott's Fruit 
Book, showing tho corolla re¬ 
maining on the stalk, as it is 
Jr\ usually found. The stone also 
adheres to tho stalk with remark- 
able tenacity, and this is taken 
advantage of to draw out the 
\ iRlIl stones for drying. For this pur- 
Society last winter. But why not make it Iowa, 
which is a short and beautiful name, and drum out of 
the. ranks of reliable nurserymen such men as resort 1 
to the despicable practice which we disclose in the ' 
following paragraph? 
In the garden of a wealthy citizen we were invited 
to “look at the strawberries.” The gardener, who is 
a most excellent plantsman, remarked that he had 
the “Cremont,” the Omer Pasha, Ohio Mammoth, 
and Mammoth Prolific varieties. A gentleman pres¬ 
ent, who had grown tho “Cremont,” pronounced it 
true to name. Rnt a careful examination and com¬ 
parison of the three last named varieties discovered 
the fact that they were all identical with each other. 
—Omer Pasha being no more of a Turk than the 
Bnckeye berry! The gardener was astonished at the 
discovery. He said a nurseryman just outside the 
city’limits had sold him the plants under the three 
different names—recommending the three varieties 
highly at the same time. This was—not a Yankee 
but a French trick, which deserves, as it receives, 
hereaway, the severest condemnation. 
And it is proper to ask several other nurserymen 
who have the Mammoth Prolific, which they are dis¬ 
tributing over the country, to tell tho public th,e dif¬ 
ference between it and tho Early Washington^ Iowa. 
It will be our doty to pnbliah a list of such dealers 
in fruits unless there is speedy reform. They are a 
disgrace to their profession, as well as an evil in 
community. 
a cherry orchard. 
June 21st we, for the first time, visited the cherry 
orchard owned by James Wakeman, at Cottage Hill, 
Du Page Co., I1L — a half hour’s ride from Chicago, 
by rail. This orchard has been somewhat noted for 
its productiveness and consequent profit, in contra¬ 
distinction to other attempts to grow this fruit on our 
prairie soil. It has been claimed by some western 
writers that the cause of this exceptional productive¬ 
ness was to be found in the protection given tho 
orchard, the peculiar geological formation of the 
locality, aujii the mechanical and chemical adapta¬ 
bility of the oo 11- WinUM-or olnimu, or, til© contrary, 
that his success isdue to the hardiness und productive¬ 
ness of the variety upon which he depends for a crop, 
and upon the culture given it—that anybody can grow 
the Early Richmond Cherry anywhere on tho prairieB— 
that his soil is by no means better adapted to cherry cul¬ 
ture than his neighbors—that were he going to select a 
soil peculiarly suited to cherry production, he would 
go far away from home — that planting the trees is the 
first and most important step, and talcing rare of them 
predicted would die. They were loaded with fruit, 
and every way prosperous. The hoy said the gentle¬ 
man said he was astonished to find those trees alive— 
much more to tiud them bearing fruit.” 
Such is Mr. Wakeman's account of the visit he 
received from the persevering “Professor.” From 
the description given of his personal appearance, 
there is little doubt that it was tho veritable “Pro¬ 
fessor.” 
There are some things gained by this mode of 
planting and after-treatment. Tho tree, be it remem¬ 
bered, is not set deep in a hole in the first place, hut 
the roots are covered deep— so deep that tho tree will 
stand alone. Then the after culture adds to the loose 
soil in which the roots may grow, and insures after 
each succeeding plowing a more perfect, drainage- 
giving the roots and the tree all the advantages of 
deep culture and thorough drainage. This course 
has been adopted becauso the expense is less than 
by any other system of drainage and deep culture. 
It la common, even in the boat staked orchards, to 
find the trees more or less—and in most instances 
mure —inclined t,o the North-East, in consequence of 
the strong and prevailing South-West winds of the 
But there is not a tree in this orchard— 
ruond, and I havo nothing to say ot toe proms oi 
cherry culture. Other varieties seem to thrive here, | 
but do not produce.” 
From what we saw, we are inclined to believe that 
other varieties will produce when they shall have 
acquired sufficient maturity. These varieties, which 
make wood so rapidly in their early history, will not 
produce fruit in appreciable quantities until they 
have reached a certain size, or an age of puberty. 
Those who cultivate the Sweet Cherries, must, in 
most cases, lay in a store stock of patience. 
That the productiveness of the Early Richmond 
does not depend on drainage, we have already seen; 
that protection is unnecessary, we saw abundantly 
established in the case of tho cherry orchard of John 
R. Case, Esq., two miles distant from Mr. Wake- 
man’s, where we found seven hundred trees planted 
on ground with a southern and eastern exposure, 
with no protection whatever from the south-west. 
The land was not drained, but the trees were quite 
equal to any we saw at Mr. W axeman’s in hcftlthful- 
ness, vigor of growth, and symmetrical beauty. And 
Iiovtu'uUural lJot.es 
Fruit Prosukots in Wayne County.— Apples .—The crop 
last year wan very larg<{, and we could not therefore expect, a 
very abundant supply tlii» year. Tho trees, however, blns- 
aomed pretty full; but those on tho highest hills ami in 
exposed situations had their blossoms and seta Injured to a 
considerable extent bv a violent, wind, and many i>r the sets 
havo since fallen. Under these circumstances we do not 
expect morn than half the usual crop. 
I'cars .—- 
The trees took healthy, hut there will not be as 
manv bushels of fruit as usual this year. 
Peaches. _There will be but a small crop of Peaches. One 
severe night in winter killed most of the buds, and only the 
hardy varieties, such as Hilt's Cliili , and those iu protected 
situations, will havo Peaches. There will, however, be 
enough, we hope, for a taste, which is vastly better than no 
Peaches at all. 
Plums look well where they aro not injured by the “ little 
Turk.” 
A orients are a failure, generally. 
Cherry trees were injured by the cold nights, and some of 
the more tender trees are dying; but as a general thing they 
look linely, and some varieties are well fruited. But we 
cannot expect more than one-fourth of a crop, and the birds 
have stolen most of those which have ripened up to this time. 
Lawton Htackbcriies have blossomed very full, and promise 
a plentiful crop where they have received even ordinary 
attention. 
Currants and Gooseberries set full, but the foliage has been, 
in many gardens, eaten oil' by a worm. 
Quinces took better than for many previous years. 
Nttspberrics The morn tender kinds were injured by the 
winter; but tho Doolittle , White American, /Hack Cap and lied 
Cap are loaded very heavily with fruit; the Doolittle, espe¬ 
cially, yielding an abundance never before seen in tbiH vicinity. 
Grapes.— Tbe Isabella, and some other tender vines which 
them was, we think, heavier than on Mr. >v.’s ireeB. 
A ride of ten or fifteen miles, subsequently, ena¬ 
bled us to see this fruit in bearing iu all sorts of situ¬ 
ations, with ail sorts of exposures, soils, Ac. It is, 
without doubt, tlie early market cherry for Northern 
Illinois; and, we learn, thrives in Central and South¬ 
ern Illinois, where it has been planted. 
The only essential, perhaps, is good culture; a 
clean, well stirred soil will insure large crops of 
good quality, and the figureB given above prove that 
it pays quite as well to cultivate cherries exclusively 
as corn, and a little better. 
The crop Is late thin season—at least ten days later 
than last year. Few ripe ones—none, indeed, fully 
rip© conld be founcf on the trees tho day of our 
visit. They were beginning to color considerably. 
prairies, 
that we noticed—so inclined as to expose the bark 
to the burning rays of the sun. Indeed, wo did not 
see a single tree on which tbe bark seemed disease 
or in the least affected by sun scald. 
There are many of the old Eastern orchards— 
especially those exposed to the winds on tho lake 
shore—in which we have seen trees destroyed by the 
min after having been trimmed up until it was neees 
sary to get a ladder to reach the first lirnb, in order 
that they might he plowed up to—that horses might 
travel under them, Ac., Ac. And the fact that so 
many Kmtern men, when pf luting orchards in the 
West, select, whip-stocks or htW-poles for planting, 
instead of trees, and then pursue the same old regime 
of “trimming up,” leadB tho writer to believe that 
the old practice is still in vogue there, and that the 
giving this subject a little thought, and the old 
orchards a little examination, will enable them to 
perceive that the chief value of orchard trees does 
not consist in the facility with which one may plow 
about them—that said value is not proportionate to 
tho number of feet tho first limbs are from the ground. 
la)t “the raw report of eye or ear, by distance, 
medium, circumstance,” be rectified. Ret common 
sense help and reason aid us in arriving at tho truth, 
even though old axioms aro proved to be no axioms 
at nil. New laws follow a change in the civil and 
political character of a people. Why may not the 
laws of culture change with each change of climate 
and soil? They do change, and the world is fast 
finding the fact out. 
QUICK DRYING PAINT. 
F.ns. Rurai, New-Yorker: — In my Rurai. of May 
May 26th, came an inquiry fora “quick drying paint 
for kitchen floors,” to which I have seen no reply. 
Please insert the following which I know to he good, 
and oblige many: 
Drying in Paint. —There is a liquid called 
Japan, which is used for drying in paints,—can be 
purchased for SI.00 or $1.25 per gallon. Two tea¬ 
spoons of good .Inpan is sufficient for a pint of paint. 
Use in proportion to your amount of paint. My 
motto is pay wi ll for a good article,— there are in¬ 
ferior kinds of Japan,—get the best. This should 
not bo used iu white paints; for, being a dark liquid, 
it would injure its pureness; hut for all paints that are 
colored It is superb. The inquirer may paint her 
floor after tea and it will ho perfectly dry by break¬ 
fast time, if she have a good article of Japan for tho 
dryer. I have used this myself, and am therefore 
able to recommend it as good. Any lady muy paint 
a modern sized kitchen after tea, herself. I do paint¬ 
ing of this kind, first, because I like it; Becond, be¬ 
cause it is economy. 1 do uot understand mixing 
paint, but my information in regard to the dryer I 
have obtained from an experienced painter 
Canoga, Sen. Co, 
A TELL-TALE TREE. 
It is too late, perhaps, to tell the Rural reader 
that it does not pay to let fruit trees take care of 
themselves, or that it does pay to tickle them with a 
hoe. But we noticed an illustration of the doctrine 
which we wish to record. 
Very close to the carriage road leading from Mr. 
Wakkman’b house to his barn, stood an Early Rich¬ 
mond Cherry tree—at the end of a row of trees. One 
half of this tree bang over and Bhadod the road. This 
half was dwarfed,—full of small, green fruit. It was 
not more than two-thirds the Bize of til© other half of 
the tree, which had been cultivated by frequent 
plowing, and otherwise stirring the Boil underneath 
it,. The cherries on the cultivated half were double 
the size of the others, and ripening rapidly. Mr. W. 
said many of his visitors, when asked to account for 
the difference, supposed there were two varieties of 
fruit, with different habits of growth, on the same 
tree. It is wise to treasure up such lessons. 
Large Vegetart.r Garden. —Charles Backus, a Long 
Island farmer, lias under cultivation eight large farms devoted 1 
to taming vegetables for New York market. Waring the pant 
year lm has raised forty acres of potatoes, fifteen to twenty 
acres of parsnips, carrots and bests, fifty of corn, eighty acres 
of cabbages. One buudred acres arn devoted to asparagus, 
and forty to currants. Three and a half acres are under 
glass, for raising early salad, radishes, cucumbers, etc. From 
three hundred to three hundred and fifty laborers are em¬ 
ployed in the summer season, and twelve large wagon loads 
of produce ure every day sent to the city, His business in a 
single year amounts to $100,000. Only thirteen years ago 
two wagon loads per week wore the whole ainountof produce 
raised by Mr. B.. who bas every year since exteuded his oper¬ 
ations, until they now probably exceed those of any market 
gardener in the Union. 
A Japan Dwarf Fir.— Mr. Fortune, in a recent letter from 
Japan, speaks of an extraordinary specimen of a dwarfed Fir 
Carrie 
LEMON PIES, COLORING YELLOW 
Eus. Rural New-Yorker;— I send you recipes for 
lemon pies and for coloring a bright yellow: 
Lemon Dies. — One large lemon, or two small ones; 
three pints of water, throe cups sugar; three eggs; 
three tablespoonfuls Hour; One-half nutmeg; one-half 
cup good vinegar. Grate the lemon, boat the eggs 
and sugar together, then mix the ingredients, and it 
is ready for the platters. Cover with a thin crust. 
Noticing in a late Rural a recipe for coloring yel¬ 
low, I think that I can give a better one. Take hick¬ 
ory bark, boil it about six hours, or until the strength 
is all out. Then to a pailful of the dye, add a large 
spoonful of alum. 
Will some of the lady readers of the good Rural 
give a recipe for coloring cotton red. 
Rock. Island Co., 111., 1861. Nettie Taylor. 
often said a certain variety is “ good for market.” 
This means, that it is productive, hardy and looks 
well, T suppose, though not of first quality. Now, 
we never hear that certain flowers are good for 
market, from the simple fact that here there is very 
little market for Bowers, but the growers of flowers 
around Fans, and many other of the large citieB of 
Europe, could use this expression with propriety. 
There flowers have a market value, bring the cash as 
readily as fruit or grain, and many varieties are found 
profitable for market culture on.account of their 
profuse bloom, hardiness and the little labor their 
culture requires, though they may not be as beautiful 
as the camellia, or many other choice flowers. 
We grow flowers for the pleasure they afford, and 
this pleasure is supplied by single flue specimens 
which we may gather and cairy inthehand or the but¬ 
ton-hole, or alio w to remain on the parent plant; by the 
beautifying of our tables and rooms with well arranged 
bouquets ; and by the adornment of our gardens. 
Perhaps we derive more pleasure from the last than 
from the other sources. A garden brilliant with gay 
flowers from May until November, in which we can 
walk and meditate in early morn and dewy eve, and 
repose nnder the shady trees at bright noon, is truly 
a “joy for ever.” But, the beauty of the garden de- 
WAKEMAN vs. TERRA-CULTURE. 
“ While one philosopher affirms 
That by our senses we’re deceived, 
Another, in the plainest terms, 
Declare* they are to be believed. 
The twain are right. Philosophy 
Correctly calls us dupes when e’er 
Upon mere senses we rely; 
But when we wisely rectify 
The raw report of eye or ear, 
By distance, medium, circumstance, 
In real knowledge we advance." 
It is apparent there is no “ harmonial affinity ” be¬ 
tween Wakeman and Professor Comstock. At least 
it will be apparent when we shall have written what 
we know of the former’s mode of tree planting. Mr. 
Wakeman does not confine his effort to cherry cul¬ 
ture alone. Ho believes there Is no better fruit 
countiy in the world than this prairie country, all 
croakers to the contrary notwithstanding. He be¬ 
lieves in apples and pears, also plums. He plants, 
cultivates, grows, and harvests all these kinds Of 
fruit. But he believes also that different kinds of soil 
different kinds of treatment,—that the stiff 
Horticultural Exhibition at Corning.—A fme Horti¬ 
cultural Exhibition was held last week in the village of 
Coming, of which wo find a full account in the Journal of 
the 4th Wet. Flowers, fruits, and vegetables, were shown in 
great abundance and in the highest perfection. The Com¬ 
mittee on Win® made a very interesting report, and premiums 
were awarded for grape, currant, blackberry, elderberry, rasp¬ 
berry, cherry and strawberry wines. 
Cucumber Toast.— Select your cucumbers—fresh, 
crisp, medium size — just such as you would prefer if 
served up in the usual manner. Pare, and slice up 
lengthwise in cuts a quarter of an inch thick. Rinse 
in cold water, dip each slice singly in flour, and 
hurry them into tho dripping-pan, using for material 
to fry them in, tho gravy in which either beefsteak, 
veal outlets or mutton chops were cooked; or butter 
maybe used; hut be sure to fry briskly until tho 
slices aro a light brown on both sides. Have your 
bread toasted, buttered, or dipped, ns you prefer, and 
close at hand. Slip the slices of cucumber hot from 
the pan between slices of toast, and Berve at once. 
Any one following these directions implicitly wil 
find cucumber toast really good to eat. — Am. Farmer. 
New Hand Glash. — We havo been shown an invention of 
Mr. O. 3. Cadwell, jr., of this city, dumgnud lor the early 
Hlartiug and protection of vegetables in the spring- It is 
(.imply an earthenware, hollow cylinder, of about ten Inches 
in diameter and eight inches in height, with a sloping top, to 
which is fitted a pane of gl(L>s. Holes are provided for venti¬ 
lation. It can be furnished cheaply, and BceuiR in many ways 
preferable to the hand glass now in use.— Homestead. 
require 
clay, and the light, porous prairie soil are unlike in 
their constituents, and necessarily involve dissimilar 
processes to produce the same effect. 
In the planting of a tree, he saya if there should he 
two to three inches of stiff, compact soil packed over 
the roots, there should be more of the light, loose soil, 
—the weight of soil should be made equal as nearly 
as possible, regardless of hulk. Acting upon this 
theory, lie plants his trees deep in the first place, and 
then plows to them, back furrows, each year—the 
dead furrows between the rows growing deeper, 
and the quantity of soil over the roots greater 
at each plowing. He has eighty acres planted 
in apples, the trees being four and five years 
old. When he plants an apple tree, lie plants it so 
deep that it does not require a stake to hold it up. 
His trees all have low, compact heads. He never 
thins the inside branches. His pruning,—and he 
says he does little,—is to cutback the top limbs, and 
shorten-in the sides. In this windy country he finds 
the most fruit at harvest on the inside branches of 
the densest trees. There is no want of sun or air. 
The greatest difficulty is there is too much of it. Tbe 
limbs of most of the ten thousand orchard trees we 
saw growing, start within eighteen inches of the 
Fruits Received.—F rom Joseph Dewey, Gates, X Y , a 
finis dish of strawberries. On examination we found two 
varieties, Cushing, and the other we could not name with 
confidence. 
amt 
To Drive Away Muskktoes.— Camphor is the 
most powerful agent. A camp or bag hung up in an 
open casement will prove an effectual barrier to their 
entrance. Camphorated spirit applied ns perfume to 
the face and hands will act as an effectual preventive; 
but when bitten by them, aromatic vinegar is the best 
antidote. 
8THAWIIERBY KunnkhU.— Please Inform me through your 
paper at what lime strawberry runners should be cut.—J uleh. 
Wellington, Ohio. 
Tiik object of cutting off the runners is to give the fruit 
and original plant all the nutriment furnished by the roots. 
They should be cut away as fast as Ihey form. 
To Make Cider Wink.—S eeing an inquiry for 
making cider wine, I send my recipe. Let your cider 
ferment; then heat it till it boils. Skim it, and add 
to each gallon of cider oue pound of sugar, and one 
pint of whisky. To give it a high color, boil in the 
cider a small bag of dried black raspberries. 
