TWO DOLLARS A. YEAR.] 
: PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT. 
[SINGTJC NO. POUIi CENTS. 
VOL. xn. NO. 29.1 
ROCHESTER. N. Y.-FOR T1IE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JULY 20, 1861. 
{WHOLE NO. 601. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL. LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
CHAS, D, BRAGDON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
Thb Rpb at. Nkw-Yobkbr is destined to be unsurpassed in 
Value. Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in ApfioAlauc*. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural an eminently 
Reliable Guide on ail the important Practical. Scientific and 
other Subjects intimately connected with the business of those 
whose interests it zealously advocates. As a Family Journal 
it is eminently Instructive and Kntertaining —lieiii^ go con¬ 
ducted that it can ho safely (alien to the Hearts und Homes of 
people or intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, 
I.ite nrv and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and 
beautiful Engravings, than any other journal,— rendering 
it the most complete Agricultural, Literary axp Family 
Newspaper in America. 
INQUIRIES AND NOTES. 
A KrtMtiEit of inquiries before us on practical 
matters we will endeavor to answer as directly and 
in as few words as possible, without giving the 
questions, as their import will he evident from our 
notes. We will thank our readers for further Infor- “TV.. ““ ""‘g "' '“‘““u" 7 gation ’ a,,d wbat ia lon « suspended is in danger of 
mation on any of the subjects discussed. of July-one month afterwards-and found she had beinR tota|1 abrogated * Ql [] m ^ 
- galn * d a f fraCt, ° n T h T M VOimds! 80 of «nto the manner* of the people. They vK 
Food or Man and Animals. iTi V 1 ™"® 8 ^ 00 wqu,rea comment-she thejr politics; they corrupt their morals; they pre- 
Ur has perhaps been pretty well proved that about 7 June V,g» It Hint l '° Un ' * l< ’ ' d ' J ’ " U gr,m ' and vert even the natural taste and relish of equity and 
seventy ounces of bread, or twenty of beef, or eighteen ’ Justice. By teaching us to consider our fellow-crea- 
of peas or beans, or six of cheese, eaten daily by 1 er,m P s lf 1H not known, if so, it should be, that tures in a hostile light, tl A vhole body of our nation 
„iuu, v. ,v , A ,,piy the «r»»t t .«the body «„ pntatoes, , '". no krass, in the month of June, is about tho most becomes gradually less d-to ns. The very names 
to accomplish the same object, it will require nine or ‘'-tento* *<>*> that can K. given to aw animal. It is ot Affection and KiudreTwliJoh were t» e >. . , j (lf 
ten pounds, and of milk about three quarts. Yet no not liku Home of the 8 rw > 80B > deficient in nutritive Charity while we agreed, fiecome new incentives to 
one would remain in a healthy condition for a long qUftlftic,H ' but Jt haa ft 8talk > not ranch leaf, and hatred and rago, when the commnnion of our coun¬ 
time, if confined to a highly concentrated diet at tbat 8e8aon f, irnishes in its seed the most concert- try is dissolved.’ That is what he says. I was read- 
exclnsively. Nature has provided for both man and lrated nutrime1lt - Whoever wants to fat an animal, lag it this morning and copied it, for ! think any one 
beast a great variety of food, ranch of which, like f ,ld om,tfl to g ' !t H in « ood feed in ,he montI ‘ "f Juno, who watches the effect of passing events upon the 
potatoes, turnips, &c„ may be grown in large quan- H,,p a troIdeQ opportunity. Crass operates upon public mind, will discover a remarkable pertinency 
tities, but are not highly nutritious. The stomach is . aecret ' ona of the animal, playing the part of in those words of Burke. And this action of the 
also suited to a varied diet, and where very strong vict ' wls and medicine, and so puts the whole system Executive Board of tho State Society Is evidence of 
food is used too freely, or rather too exclusively, this lato tllc «'>ndition of healthy development, and pro- the way we are drifting. It is a straw upon the 
organ becomes impaired. Nor is it best to confine duce8 re8ll,ta 8l,cb aa 1 have named by answering stream. I am sorry to see it; for while I ain iu favor 
man or animals to a diet containing but little uutri- “ constitutional requirements.” He sure and feed off of Government applying all the means in its power 
rain to wash away the most valuable and soluble 
portions. Flemish farmers pay $20 a load for the 
manure of tame pigeons, which are kept almost, 
exclusively for this purpose, yielding their owners a 
good revenue. 
Wood Ashes. 
Ashes are exceedingly valuable for sandy soils, 
and appear to be prized most highly where they are 
scarce and expensive. Long Island farmers and 
gardeners use them freely, although they are dear, 
being subjected to hundreds of miles of carriage, 
while here, a hundred bushels are sent away for one 
used on the land. We once increased a potato crop 
20 per cent, by the use of SO btiBhels of ashes to the 
acre, over that treated in every way similar, except 
the ashes. The land had received a pretty good 
quantity of stable manure the year previous, being in 
corn, the soil a yellow chestnut loam, which had 
been pretty badly run. A heavy clay may be much 
ameliorated in a few years, by the liberal use of ashes 
and coarse manure. In fact, if such a soil is well 
drained und subsoiled, so that the water will pass 
freely off, a few years of such treatment, always 
taking care not to work it when too wet, will cfi'eCt a 
most beneficial and surprising change in its texture. 
We know of no better way to ameliorate a clay Boil. 
1 ' T ' 1 
THE BREED IN THE PAIL-JUNE GRASS. 
My friend Seldkn Allen, of Middlebury, weighed 
ft Durham Cow on the scales at Wyoming, on the 1st 
day of June, lie weighed the same cow on the 1st 
of July — one mouth afterwards—and found she had 
gained a fraction over two hundred pounds! So 
significant a circumstance requires comment — she 
gained about seven pounds per day on grass, and 
“ June grass ” at that. 
Perhaps it is not known, if 90 , it should be, that 
Juno grass, in the month of June, is about the most 
‘‘•-UniOfc too i (hat can Ik given to an 1 animal. It is 
not like some of the grasses, deficient in nutritive 
qualities, but it lias a firm stalk, not ranch leaf, and 
at that season furnishes in its seed the most concen¬ 
trated nutriment. Whoever wants to fat an animal, 
“Halt!”’ said the captain, 
whose eldest son is captain of 
an independent rifle company 
“ Present arms,” and he extended 
his own to shako the hand , 
Squire Pencil. " Have you se<h 
the circular that the Stale Socie/j 
has just Issued, offering premiums 
for fire arms?” 
" Yes, sir.” 
“Well, what do you think'o 
it? I think,” and the Captai 
shook his head sadly, "I think 
sir, that it’s a humbug,” 
“A humbug ? You do mit 
mean to say that the State Mi 
ciety are not ottering these ji|t 
miums in good faith, do you ?’! 
“ No, no, but I think it folly 
not to say wickedness, to^ nse jh 
its character; it certainly j>, sir*- PltEMIUNI 'PLAN OP JLAlijST — El iEVATION. 
and I fear, that we are all drift- _ 
tng towards the condition of things which Burke The above Barn Plan was awarded the third prize I enter the barn from the north with team on .inner 
not' think the^fTort of tl e J " ^ 1 U " der " Ur ° ffer ° f 1858 ’ being P referred b Y lha floor, thraph with a self-cleaning machine, and Live 
1 S " P rr r mniitt( ' e t0 11 large UUmbCr 0f e * CeUent dfc, « n8 - ^“’“rHer attached, so that I can run the straw in 
. g ' 1 fear tiat the moraI rea,xlt to ]t ia republished in compliance with inquiries and either shed I choose. I have two good bays without 
will bo 11T the State Society ,,,neet» which wo have heretofore mentioned or Incnmberance from «t»bll„g„r 8 r,„«,,. „„d .pouta 
,, w . . . . j, Riven. I Ins model Barn is the property ot James or conductors marked, corresponding with balls in 
S" “ St ,t KKB , W ; MTNKYl ° f Bi « ChemaDg 0o ” N - Y ” who granary beneath, to conduct the grefpwtcre I wish 
gatioL and W bfttT9Z P gtond?d eSOf ™ nl ° W : frfni8hed the Hubj ° inod deflcri -P t5on: aad this, when thrashing, saves at least one man’s 
being totally abrogated UivilL'vaL 'V'l . ", Mks8k8, Eoitoks:-I l.ave the name of having the «»bor. Two men are sufficient to take care of straw 
of all ini., to • n > g " ; S '' <e '" 0f,eHt moat convenient Bam in our part of the Country, from a good eight,-horse machine, and it is all secured 
,1 ei i ! h t T ' ,ey Vitblte aad Accordingly have made a draft to the best of my from wind or storm. 
U)t> r nrj t i« ( ipv onvurmf m . _ . J 
I enter the barn from the north with team on tipper 
floor, thraph with a self-cleaning machine, and have 
straw-carrier attached, so that I can run the straw in 
ability, being nothing but a farmer. I think, however, 
organ becomes impaired. Nor is it best to confine 
man or animals to a diet containing but little nutri¬ 
ment in proportion to its bulk. This gives the 
stomach too much labor to obtain the sustenance 
required by the system. This organ requires exer¬ 
cise, and enough of it, but should not be over¬ 
worked. The animal system will accommodate itself 
to circumstances and necessities to a great degree, 
but we must not ask too much or make changes too 
sudden. I he natives of India will consume such 
immense quantities of rice as to astonish Europeans, 
but this they are accustomed to from utiildbood. A 
your June grass pastures, in the month of June, for 
they pass rapidly from the best pastures in tbe world 
to the poorest. 
My father was emphatic on this point:—" Have 
good grass ,— it is the cheapest of all ways to fatten 
rattle." ] have known a hundred men, and a few 
dozen over, who, rather than pay a good price for 
good pasture, have bad to expend twice the amount 
in grain to produce the same result. Two to four shil¬ 
lings a week is about tbe range asked for pasture,— 
horse that has been fed for a number of yours on b ° Jt ratu go0(1, or first rate mea,l > baa no “ per 
grass, hay, and bran, will exhibit his keeping even ce i jtitjle influence on the market.” 
in his form, which a time under the hands of the 
“jockey” will materially change. 
Manures—Preservation nud Value. 
Hokse Manors is one of the most energetic of 
the animal manures, and is very easily injured; in 
fact, without care to give proper treatment, most of 
Any man that keeps his cattle in poor pasture, 
sinks every week twice what good feed would cost. 
Stock farmers can procure grazing lands cheap in 
Southern New York, and iu marshy and mountainous 
districts generally. 
One word more about that cow. T sold her to Mr. 
Allkn three years ago, remarking to him that she 
was a good cow for milk, and would keep in better 
. . . an iue means in sis power orohno 
to sustain its authority,—the right of the majority to ‘ lows* story. 
rule,— I am not in favor of an Agricultural Society ‘\,V /’ bnwer Foe,! Ko,im ia front 
making weapons of deadly warfare and the r trial 1 Manure ^ } 
important feature ol its exhibitions. For it will Homo Stall*, 10x30; /„ Home Book*, 2x2S (hL’from 
overshadow and draw away from departments now »»"• grain iu fmnt or horse*, t.y failing Hoorn in 
too much neglected. Let there be a wu- society Ct ‘ ilin K;> M, BtWre; N, Halls in Granary; o, Root Bins- l> 
organized If necessary, but let this gathering at F '°or Weighing Room, and Feed Room for 
Chicago, which is designed to afford relaxation from hor ' ie *> " hlch ,Joi *h not fruer-o in winter, 13x24. 
tho excitement, anxiety and increased la.lor conae- f understand tho wants of farmers better than the 
quent upon our National troubles, bring forth its mechanic or architect can. You will discover I hnva 
IcgitliunK fnUU.” elenilon „f „ Mrly , fghl ' 
i.eau l encil, Esq., asserts that he was mtonished s °mc fourteen rods north of east and west road and 
to hear such talk front a man most uncoin/iromisiug slopes towards the soutij-weBt. I have cellar under 
in his demand for vigorous measures to/put down ba rn and east shed, the north-east corners in the 
My Basement is dry. Sills two feet from ground. 
My grain has never musted nor wet, and feed never 
frozen in winter. I have twelve drain Bins, so ar¬ 
ranged that I can get to any one of them when I wish, 
capable of storing over 3,000 bushels, and four Root 
Bins, which will store about 800 bushels, where they 
can be seen to at any time. 
My stone wall is laid in mortar and pointed; the 
frames are all made of square timber and joist; no 
round timber anywhere about; outside, all planed 
and painted. Tho Basement. Story Is eight feet; barn 
posts 18 feet long; the Long Shed is 25 wide, 64 long; 
posts 20 feet. East Shed posts nine feet long. 
The cost of Barn, without sheds $100, including 
board of hands; cau be built $50 cheaper without 
planing or painting. Sheds cost $430, including 
board of bands, and can be built for $400 without 
planing or painting. 
My mode of fixtures for tying cattle is much 
cheaper than the ordinary way, besides being much 
above, a»,.| gmin fmnt u{ h, ir ge*, i,y failing. <j 0(jn( in 111018 ‘‘-omlortable for the animals —it is as follows: 
ceiling;) ,v, stairs; N, Hails in Gran*ry; o , Root. Bins; /*, drHb * se *‘ ,n ^ ^UDdards foar feet apart, have a ring 
Cleaning Floor and Weighing Room, and Feed Room for I roade ^ three-eighths or half-inch iron about six 
horses, which does not fn-ez.o in winter, 13x24, 
inches across, put over the standard, and then put 
I understand tho wants of farmers better than t ] 10 | tbe bow tbrou K h the ring and over the animal’s neck. 
--i The operation is shown in the engraving. Have a 
the rebellion, but he thinks there is 
in it.” 
something 
, l .. . aooiq-wesi. [ nave cellar under 
barn and east shed, the north-east corners in the 
bank. East and north stone wall tor barn is nine feet 
high, and that for shed is six feet high. 
that made in summer will be .boat ruined Bore- Z * V 7 i , W ° U 'V eep ,n better 
wmr round that „hcn horse dan. „,|„™ a “7° r “ 1 ' l “ w “<*“■“ “J "» ' «w k—• I 
t„ ,, , , ° avowed selected her from Mr. W adswortu's herd, at Ocneseo 
to become thoroughly decomposed it lost nine-tenths . on-. ,, , , ’ 
Of iw weight and more than Lt its valor. AIT™ V! T, 
Hot the effects of burning, but of perfect decomposi , -7 qual ! t,es ’ and b,lve not bee " 
lion. Where the .nanore is hnroed iu tho heap it is 2S. “ “ '***'* “ W * 1 
little better than ashes. This can be nrevented bv th« . . 
application of water to the manure heap, freqL mt f ”7 ^? avo f C0W exact ^ a11 
turnings and making compact piles, but this , J"* 0 ? 7*’ . bUt “**" 18 a practical hnrdi ' 
^uded with a good deal of trouble, and few have , «*»/< that m not earned into an animal, 
water in sufficient quantities convenient. Mixiire "77 7 y " P 7'f r "f t0 . tbe f m ' atta ff d to ai, y 
with sod, scrapings of the roads and walks, swamp i a looks" ° * d — 
muck, &o„ will retard decomposition, and should a am ‘ lth .. 
OUR SOIL MUST BE fTT VTT.TW. TI 
I here are sundry good men who make great mis¬ 
takes. There are many intelligent men who. lack 
liberal habits of observation. Too much tlat is 
written is taken tor granted by the reader, and 
applied in practice in all sorts of soil, and all imds 
always be composted with horse dung. Manure, 
■io»fc\er, cannot bo made in the summer without 
trouble, and the farmer should, in the spring, apply 
to the land all that he has on band, and it is better to 
give corn a good top-dressing before the first or 
second hoeing, thus using all the accumulation up to 
that time, than to rtek keeping over. This course 
we have pursued with good results. After this the 
orchard nmy receive a top-dressing and a shallow 
P owing. Such an application will not be wasted. 
here manure cannot be taken care of, it is best to 
a Pply it to the laud at once, where it will be accom¬ 
plishing soum good. 
r he manure of horned cattle contains so much 
water that it ferments slowly, and may be composted 
with lexs rHr.ni.iz> .i. ... 
to milking and fattening qualities, and have not been ftnf l conditions of climate. One man bellives dkin- 
disappointed cither in her or her offspring, several of a K e necessary. He has proved its value in hid)own 
which I retain. case by a single experiment on a particular soil, in a 
It is a very nice thing to have a cow exactly fill all particular condition. This affords him a hibby 
the corners of a box, but there is a practical hardi- which he mounts and rides to tho death, leafing 
hood arid thrift that is not curried into an animal, hedges, and hurdles of philosophy and common 
nor always pedigreed to them, nor attached to auy until he lands in a ditch of faster »nd 
of the flve ov forty " points of excellence ” laid down financial ruin, from which it is imposuble to 4se; 
in hooks. and if he has inconsiderate and nnreasoniig followers,' 
A smooth, hardy, hearty-looking cow that furnishes th cy share his fate, 
her certificate to the milk-maid (that’s a piece of Now, because trench plowing is valuable in ine 
romance copied out of old books,) is the " Dutchess.” instance, it is not always best in all othqrs. Because 
— T- B !_ % . m- - __ the “ ixin S ° r ,bc fmrfiree and subsoil itj one locality 
__ mnTiT>T improves its mechanical condition andiincreases Its 
. RN EDITORIAL NOTES. productive power, all soils do not pay tlii» indL- 
the corners of a box, bat there is a practical hardi¬ 
hood and thrift that is not curried into an animal, 
nor always pedigreed to them, nor attached to auy 
j of the yiue or forty “ points of excellence ” laid down 
in books. 
A smooth, hardy, heartv-looking cow that furnishes 
her certificate to the milk-maid (that’s a piece of 
romance copied out of old books,) is the " Dutchess.” 
— u. t. u. 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES. 
SW0RD3 va. PLOWSHARES. 
The writer has received from John P. Reynolds, 
Esq., Secretary of the Illinois State Agricultural 
Society, a circular entitled "Grand National Exhibi¬ 
tion and Test of Arms,” in which sundry grand gold 
and silver medals are offered for the best of sundiy 
weapons of war, embracing breech and muzzle- 
----- ..... luitcHautiJUl! lUllUni S. . 
they Bhare hia fate. op l!prKU 
Now, because trench plowing is valuable in <ne • < ’ Suirw ^ Stahl «i ^ ‘->r teitin K hay <I°wn to Ktery 
instant it i» not boat in all „th„. B oat! ^ ™ TI W f“'> “ 
. .* v.i ef , Because from cattle sheds; I>, P, Opsoiugs to let fced down: D, 
the mixing ot the surface and subsoil in one locality Floor for storing rodder, 25x04; E, West Bay, 19x30- F, 
improves its mechanical condition and increases Its Upper Barn Floor, 13x30; G, Cuttle Nulls, 9x2-4 and (un¬ 
productive power, all soils do not pay fir this indjs- 7/ > We8t Ra y. 13x30; /, Lort of Lean to, 16x20. 
criminate compounding. Because Abu1hamSuck[r — - 
the first, who has been on his prairie farm foly life, and the small fruit he planted fails to thrive, 
years, finds that t pays him now to plow a litty? “What ails it?” he asked of the writer. “I have 
deeper than was bis earlier p-actice, it dues manured it, added lime, phosphates, &c„ Ac., and 
tolmw that Abraham -Sucker the second, should ril yet here is my return? What is the reason?” 
deeper than was his earlier piactice, it does n4t 
follow that Abraham Sucker the second, should ril 
up his new prairie a depth of twelve or fourteei 
inches, laying the cold, sour subsoil on tbe surface! 
and depositing the rich humus where the subsoil wasl 
a, Bow, attached to ring; 6, c, Ends of bow; d, Hard Wood 
Latch, showing holes for ends of bow, 
piece of hard wood for a latch one inch thick and 
eight inches long, one and a quarter inch hole at one 
end, and one inch at the other. The bow needs a 
knob on one end and catch in tlie other. This, I 
have also endeavored to show in the engraving. The 
rings will slip up and down to suit the animal’s oon- 
Yonienoo. They can lay down and turn their heads 
around on their side, and they can lay much nearer 
than if fastened iu any other way, and if you have an 
animal that is inclined to be masterly you can make 
him keep liis head on his own side, by putting a 
board ou one side or the other to suit your conven¬ 
ience. Thus you can control the most vicious of 
animals, and make them perfectly submissive. I 
have adopted four feet apart for my standurds, but 
they will do much nearer for small animals. 
as the one above described. There are plenty of 
men who will aver that deep plowing is an injury, 
rather than a benefit And iu many of our prairie 
soils, it may safely be granted that it is, where the 
“ Y our soil is not civilized, sir. it needs to be left plowing turns to the surface a stratum of cold, sod- 
to itself awhile, after the thorough turning up you den, sour soil, in the spring. But let the relations of 
loading rilled cannon,— twelve and ,u ponnde„,_ It not ml. d„" e .^.oVfoilo^tbltYTiVrnY.'Z'nZ ^ '* •*“ h " e “* 
fHta. raaskiits. carbine., revnl.ln. nuJL ..... “L .... I' TV '." 1 b “ t P™" *" h ““ »»jr J««™- «. action of tbe at,nos 
with le«s , I I -I! J -1'" 01 "’ iiucb, muanuis, caroiues, revolving pistols, towling- 
is good to mix - 6 ri CSS ll! 1 S ei - or this reason it pieces, shot, shell, powder, gun carriages, ambu- 
«ally Of lesTva, h T T™*' Mthm,ih “ i9 lance8 ’ and olber ^iritary goods. The issue of this 
ter condition i, 7- yet from the bet - circular by a society organized to encourage the Arts 
often ?ound 7 J t “ U8Ually pre9erVedl h ia of Peace ba8 oa ^ ad many comments, pro and con. 
The valqeof mnn 7I r 77,7 am0ng peuple who must ex P re8a tbeir opinions, 
rifles, muskets, carbines, revolving pistols, fowling- tice in most instances 
Y ““ "V »“<* '* "tmolii*' c omm ent.t»r,"theotbe 7 da 7 "H«" mi;:™;,"';'. ""=■> "'‘7 * "«»dred and planto, grown on a different kind of aoiUed with. n wnu. tnm. 
- I Tj - n ;r m,e 0t f ' ,r '■ ™ «*..* rapidly "Z a back If W T n ISTIZX'X *,T •‘‘T’ kl “' 1 “ f ^ *• ,hrlve “ N »- «"• a Th. ..Inc of irrigation in tbe culture of .be auuw 
’ eralnand ‘os”«^|°>- “‘■“ 1 Z leoao* they teed on .treet, and came suddenly upon hiu old friend Capt. it ten to twelre fnchiaftej "-ritb^mrkS/nto? , ,“V J “' iflcr ealtare of t«r» or three sea- berry has been signally demonstrated tbe present 
a small ouantitv of™.°'” — " P ™ time age tbe commander following it with the snbeoif ploJ loosening i still Zrt. af, “ l ’ U '" re “ “ hc “* ,on “ f *"“ 4 fr0,t '- | “ *“ " ,s 'mi" 11 ? «' CblMgo - indeed, in most 
the iact that tht- 1 f 8 uano - i a m consequence of of a fishing craft on the New England Coast; latterly deeper- and he is disannointe 1 Hkm.J- , Bh( ^ after y° ur 801 ^ 111,18 become civiliized, you wiU parte of tho State. For, whereas the vines of most 
i w upon fish a,, 11 feed enUre, y a Prairie farmer, well-to-do-one who takes an inter of whtoh he ^ «?. a retnr “ for ^ ur »°«°y aod » ab <»r.» plantations set full of fruit, and the promise of an 
I ’ a e eU ' dep0SltS Where there 18 no est in a11 mat ^ 8 Pertaining to Agriculture. has disappointed him. White beans have Tsicklv in^fooronrff , aI1 uuc ® mr “ on to fl “ d “ en whose faith e«ormous crop was good, the crop has tailed in most 
, y in thorough culture has been shaken by such failures cases, affording but two or three pickings. In some 
manure, however, depends more upon 
77 whether 77 " r n0t ‘ LE ' iD pKNCI 1 '- Es T-, says he a low, naturally wet, prairie within a hundred and plants 
ich it lllGt One Of these eommentfltri»*a ♦!»«* aI'Iiam Ac.,* lie. a..e -r i i -» 
tho surface and subsoil ho retained, as in its original 
; n i . . m w — t.-w State, and lot tho subsoil — ^not the trench — nlow no 
to f , o IUh S DCea P roves 1 ,lt >t "'ll not pay phere a single season will not civilize it. Had you used to loosen the subsoil, and admit the air and 
» „ f . L ... plowed the surface but three or four inches deep, heat, and it will soon bo found that deep culture 
but who has an : 0m » W1 not now name subsoiling it ten or twelve inches deeper, the result pays. And lt should be remembered that the autymn 
l ““ diir ™“ t - "«* »«• " ct.y K ia ull rcapccto, flic beet time to give the „l| ih 
“ <i» ». H«k mtt hu 1M flow,, below for ,g, s with Httlo bum,,, tvealmeot. Thb b hot theory; It S eperiebee 
been practicing It on a aomenbat extended .calc on In It, brought to tho ..rf.ee, ,nd In thb you expect _ 
R HIVV n n t n IO tir^t r» »n x *•!i. 1. 1 . .1 i , 
IRRIGATION IN STRAWBERRY CULTURE. 
The value of irrigation in the culture of the straw- 
