[SIISTGrl jJHj NO. JPOTJ1*. CENTS 
ROCHESTER. N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 
I WHOLE NO. G03 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WKKKLT 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AN9 FAMILY JOURNAL, 
with the cultivator, or a thorough hoeing, will do a 
crop more good than a heavy shower. 
Buckwheat may give a good crop, if sown at once, 
though it is rather late. Wc have seen many fields 
sown after the first of August yield well, and this 
may he done if the season is favorable and frosts do 
not set in too early. About a bushel of seed is gen¬ 
erally sown to the acre, though where the soil is 
good three peeks is sufficient. 
The White Turnip may bo sown any time in the 
early part of August, lint it is best to get it in as 
soon as possible. Have the ground in tino tilth, and 
sow broadcast some, two pounds of seed to the acre, 
or, better, drill in about half this quantity, in rows 
from one to two or more feet apart. If the hoe is 
depended upon for cleaning, from a foot to eighteen 
inches will answer} but otherwise, sufficient space 
must he left between the rows to admit of the ubo of 
the cultivator. Ab soon as the plants are up, give 
them a dressing of plaster or ashes. This will hasten 
their growth when young, which is a great point In 
turnip-growing. If the fly appears, sow ashes or 
plaster on the leaves when wet with dew, and keep 
at it until the plants are out of danger, which will 
lie soon after they get tho rough leaves. When safe 
from the fly, if sown broadcast, thin out with the 
hoe to about six or eight inches apart, and if drilled, 
about the same distance in the rows. If the season 
is dry, hoe frequently. In this way a good crop of 
turnips can be grown almost any season; but if the 
seed is sown and the plants left to themselves, it iB 
only in very wet seasons that a crop can be sccnrod. 
Weeds are now in flower In almost every public 
road, in the corners of the fonces, and everywhere. 
The Canada Thistle is a pretty flower, very fragrant, 
and we have discovered a white variety, but wo 
hardly think it worth while to grow seeds on a large 
scale, for the demand will not bo great nor the price 
remunerative. .Seeds enough will he grown in the 
State of New York the present summer to seed the 
world in five years, if judiciously scattered. We 
would therefore advise farmers to cut down their 
thistles In flower. They will never pay for harvest¬ 
ing. Those whoso duty it is to see State and Town 
laws enforced in regard to cutting weeds by the 
roadsides, should attend to their work at once. Tho 
White Daisy is very much on the increase, and this 
and the little Yellow Snapdragon have about de¬ 
stroyed many of the meadows in the eastern part of 
the State. 
enabling visitors to judge for themselves of tho 
quality of the result obtained, and of the ratio of 
outlay and profit involved in their production. 
that tho Chiddam wheat was shot into ear, hut had 
several heads of the dust brand amongst it, and 
looked delicate in color; while a new variety, of 
which we have not yet learned the history, growing 
beside it, wo,* free of dust brand, of a dark green 
color, and not only in ear, bat in flower. Oats are 
likely to turn out a superior crop, shooting fast Into 
ear, and, as nsual with this crop, making abundant 
straw. Hurley, in some districts, is looking well-; In 
others it has suffered from the late drouth, and look¬ 
ing delicate. 
Early meadows have suffered from tho drouth, and 
In some cases will be a light crop; but late ones aro 
now beginning to flourish from the copious rains wo 
have been blessed with. Potatoes are looking remark¬ 
ably well, and promise well, if they only escape tho 
usual blight. Swedes aro now beginning to push on 
rapidly, ami have not been visited with the fly as 
destructively as in some past years. Mangels look 
badly, tho seed lying fu the ground so long without 
vegetating; but wo liavo seen good crops produced 
after similar circnnistartodtf, and expect, from the 
warm state of tho ground, and tho copious rains that 
have fallen, that they will now come away rapidly, and 
make up for lost time. On tho whole, the farmers’ 
prospects at this period are most hopeful, and we 
trust to a beneficent Providence they won’t be disap¬ 
pointed. 
Productiveness of Fowls. 
A French journal states that experiments to 
ascertain the comparative productiveness of the 
different breeds of poultry were made last spring in 
tho Zoological Gardens of the Hois do Boulogne. 
The number of eggs laid by the fowls in that estab¬ 
lishment has been Immense, and tho sale of them 
produced in April tho sum of 3,083f. It*appears 
that the Asiatic breeds of Nankin and Brahmapootra 
are the best layers; tho French Creveceenrs come 
next; the Hondans third; tho La Fleohc fourth; and 
after them tbo # Dorkinga and a Dutch breed. The 
Nankins and Brahmapootras aro also remarkably 
precocious, and according to some breeders they 
begin laying in February, and keep on almost to the 
end of the year. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOOBE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
Tub Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural an eminently 
Reliable Guido on all tho Important Practical, Scientiflo and 
other Subjects iutimatoly connected with the business of those 
whose interests it zealously advocates. As a Family Journal 
it is eminently Instructive and Entertaining—beiug so con¬ 
ducted that it can be safely talwn to the FlrurU and Homes of 
people of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces 
more Arricnltnral, Uortlcnlthral, Scientific, Educational, 
biterary and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and 
beautiful Engravings, than any other journal, —rendering 
it the most complete Aoriccltcral, I,itkraky and Family 
Nbwspapkr in America. 
To Prevent Rot in Dwelling Houses. 
In a recent issue of the London Builder, we 
find the following rules given to prevent the ravages 
of dry rot in dwellings: 
Make two or more openings in the external walls, 
and put gratings in them to keep out vermin from 
below tho basement floor. Insert a tile pipe into the 
tire tvall, with one end open to the space below the 
floor, and carry the pipe up the center of tho tiro 
wall as close ns possible to tho fireplace and out at 
the chimney head. Tho air in tho pipe will be ruri- 
tled, being in close contact with the tiro flue, thus 
causing a continuous upward flow, sweeping the 
space below the floor of all fonl air, which, in my 
opinion, is tho chief cause of dry rot. Tho whole 
of the apartments in tile house may he ventilated by 
means of this pipe, by inserting a tube into it at the 
level of tho Ceiling, with a valve in it to prevent 
down draught. I have adopted this system for tho 
last ten years, because 1 know of no better. 
HAHVEST NOTES 
From time immemorial harvest has been a season 
of labor and joy. While Incessant toil is necessary 
to safely garner the crops, tho farmer works with 
willing hands, and rejoices at receiving the roward 
of his labor—at another fulfillment of the old promise 
that “seed-time and harvest shall not fail.” The 
new mown hay of tho old meadow, and the sheaves 
and shocks of the harvest field, aro among the earliest 
and most pleasant recollections of very many of oar 
readers, who may now have little connection with 
rural pursuits. Everybody loves the hay-field; it is 
beautiful as a lawn, pleasant as a garden, and fragrant 
as a bower of roses; and no landscape painter would 
consider Ins summer picture complete without the 
harvest-field In the distance, with its waving grain 
and golden shocks. It is true wc arc losing much 
of the poetry of rural life, for the scythe has given 
place to the mowing machine; and even the cradle, 
which so unceremoniously pushed aside the sickle 
and tho reaping-hook, has had to fall before the 
ponderous reaper. The descendants of Hutu— the 
beautiful gleaners—aro only to be seen occasionally 
in the pictures that ornament onr bank hills, and 
not in the field, for the iron fingers of the horse rake 
do the gleaning in these modern days. The tender¬ 
hearted farmers of to day, therefore, uccd not scatter 
the grain with a charitable hand, for the benefit of 
blushing gleaners. It was only a few years ago that 
we were reminded of this primitive custom, as in 
Europe we observed it to be a general rule that, as 
the last wagon commenced loading, scores of women 
and children entered the field for the purpose of 
gathering up tho fallen grain, and a few scorned to 
engage in the work more for pleasure than profit. 
The harvest in this section is quite backward, at 
least three weeks behind the usual season. The 
weather is now favorable for hay-making, though 
cool, and farmers are improving It. In u 1'ew days 
from our present writing most of the grass will be 
CLOVER AND TI MO THY.-THAT COW 
Mr. Moork:—O n page 230, Rural New-Yorker, 
I notice “Comparative Value of Clover and Timo¬ 
thy Hay.” Tho reason that clover hay is more 
valuable in Scotland and England is this. There 
they out it before any of the blossoms begin to fade; 
here, I am sure uiue-tenths, if not ninty nine in a 
hnndred, allow it to stand until u largo majority of 
the blossoms are dead, wln-n It is worthless for hay. 
True, it will keep stock alive, if they get enough of 
it; hut if hay is not cured so that it will improve 
stock, It is ft dead loss to feed it to thefn. Clover cut 
at tho right time, and properly cured, will make 
cattle and sheep fat, and a tun of clover hay of that 
kind bettor to me than a tuu of timothy, but the 
hay must, ho put on the scales and weighed not guess 
work on the wagon. It takes nearljnlonblo the hulk 
of clover hay to ttiako a tun that it of does timothy. 
Many times I have written that clover ought to be cut 
before the blossoms begin to die; but very few, if 
any, believe me, as I can sec very few that put it in 
practice. 
There has been some grand mistake in weighing 
that cow H, T. B. tells us about. 1 have known a 
yoke of oxen, driven six miles, lose two hundred and 
eighty pounds in weight, because they had been 
stuffed with feed and water, or salt, and water, when 
first weighed. There has been something wrong in 
weighing the cow, or else a mistake made. 1 have 
seen a mistake of a. hundred pounds made when not 
intended. A 1,300 lb cow, weighed at sundown and 
kept from feed and water until sunrise, will lose 45 to 
55 IJ>s. Yours truly, John .Ioiinston. 
Near Geneva, N. Y., July, 1HG1. 
in Horses. 
Tiik London- 1'ield relates tho manner in which 
a cure of this disease was en'eeuu by homeopathic, 
treatment, in the caso of a valuable carriage horse: 
The animal had been suffering from the disease for 
some time before tho servant, mentioned that it was 
ailing. An allopathic veterinary surgeon who was 
consulted, declared that it was impossible to remove 
the diseased part except by cutting and burning. This 
we refused to permit, and began to treat, It, with 
homeopathic remedies, hut, owing to our want of 
skill, without any success; tho horse became daily 
worse; tho palate and gums were so swollen as to 
prevent -the power of mastication, and were like a 
white pponge. In this emergency we took tho lib¬ 
erty of consulting ft clever homeopathic M. I),, who 
advised us to try Runs toxtcohknukon a, five drops 
in half a pint of water, twice a day. In sixteen 
hours from tho first dose, there was an improvement 
in the color of the gums and palate. The following 
day tho swelling began to subside, and in seven days 
the creature was quite well, and has never siuee that 
time (a period of two years and a half) had any 
recurrence of the ailment. 
NOTES PROM SOUTHERN CAYUGA 
For the past week or two tho weather has been 
anything but favorable for hay-makers. Since the 
second of July there has been no lack of rain before 
that time crops suffered for the want of it. During a 
short drive — Saturday, 20th — wo found consider¬ 
able grass had been cut - most of it still out,, and a 
prospectof its remaining out for some time. It must 
be more or less damaged by the heavy rains. If hay 
Caps are a protection against the wet - come fully up 
to the recommend—we believe it would be good econo¬ 
my for farmers to use thorn more generally, flood 
bright clover and timothy is much better for horses 
and cattle than when weather-beaten and musty. 
Have heard some complaints among farmers, that, 
their grass is not. as good as last year; but from ob¬ 
servation, and the growth on our own farm, think it 
quite as good. We have a clover field which shows a 
much heavier growth than for many years. It was 
newly seeded, and not pastured last fall, which we 
think an advantage. It may do to pasture old 
meadows. People complain of short hay crops -think 
the season bad —when if they would look back, they 
will see that ns soon as the crops were harvested, a 
drove of cattle were turned In, to eat and trample the 
clover down until winter. WLat little is left Is win¬ 
ter killed, and then we hear complaints of short hay 
crops. Would it not he well to see how much we are 
to blame before we think the season unfavorable? 
Wheat harvest has commenced ; no complaint of 
insect. The specimens we have scon were very nice 
and plump. This crop in this section will he very 
much behind last year. Too little pains wero taken 
last fall to sow wheat. Where it was done extra 
nice, an extra crop may he anticipated. We notice 
farmers are returning to summer fallowing. One of 
our progressive farmers has twelve or fifteen acres, 
which he lias covered over with manure — intending 
to plow it twice more —which is somewhat different 
from the way ground was prepared last fall. 
Spring grain looks first rate. A very large breadth 
has been sown. Corn has made rapid progress since 
the first of the month, and a good crop is anticipated. 
Passing by a large field, in which the tassels were 
almost ready to show themselves, a friend remarked 
that he had a piece planted the fourth day of June, 
as large as that. We make this digression to show 
the kind of land we have in this section. 
Destroying Canada Thistle*. 
Prof. Barkman lias been giving his views con¬ 
cerning this pest through the Irish Farmers' Gazette, 
and we condense therefrom. The Prof, says: 
This plant, as all our farmers know, is very diffi¬ 
cult to eradicate, on account of the very succulent 
subterranean stem, called by botanists rhizoma. 
From the well known fact of the increase of this 
plant by means Of the underground growth, the cul¬ 
tivator often concludes that it is only propagated la 
this way, und Curtis, tho author of Flora Landmen- 
sis, entertained the same opinion. However, as wc 
had reason to suspect some fallacy in this, we col¬ 
lected some seeds and planted ten In a pot, every 
one of which germinated. Wc are thereforo of the 
opinion that the Canada thistle is annually produced 
from seeds to an enormous extent; but so small is 
its first year’s growth above the ground as hardly to 
attract notice; whilo tho underground growth is 
preparing small buds which make a complete colony 
tho second year. It happens fortunately that much 
of tho seed of this plant is eaten by a weevil, and 
that which arrives at, perfection is a favorite of small 
birds, and particularly of the finches. 
To destroy thistles of this kind in a meadow, we 
should take care never to let the leaves, which are 
tho Rings of tho plant, have time for their growth; 
as soon as we sco them wo should trample them un¬ 
der foot or hammer the young buds to bits, with 
something like tho old “clod beetle,” the object 
being to bruise them, which is better than cutting 
them with a sharp instrument, as every gardener 
knows that clean wounds heal more readily than 
contused ones. If this he continued with the thistles, 
the stem will gradually die. 
mi-, aoove cut embodies the popular belief in 
regard to milkmen. Indeed, to “ cheat like a milk¬ 
man” has long since passed into a proverb, and 
applies to that class of cheating where everybody 
expects it and nobody is disappointed, unless it 
becomes too bare-faced. 
In making a bargain once with n, city milkman, I 
stipulated that he should not put over half water to 
the milk he sold me. The fellow of tho can and cup 
was quite indignant that I should suppose it even 
possible for him to put any water in the milk. For a 
week or two my wild got a very fair show of cream 
for her tea and coffee, but before the month wus out 
I called my gentleman in one morning and inquired 
if he recollected tho bargain, lie thought he did. 
I showed him the milk loft the day before, and sub¬ 
mitted to his own honor to decide if it had not been 
broken, lie acknowledged tho com, but excused 
himself by saying that he had a larger demand than 
usual that morning, pumped a Utile water into one 
of his cans, and he must have served me out of it by 
mistake! Wo always had good milk after that, and a 
very fair show of cream. The fellow got rich, bnilt 
a fine house, and his family take on airs equal to the 
rich grocers who live in the splendid mansions on 
the other side of the street. How much is due, in 
either case, to the “iron-tailed cow,” I do not pre¬ 
tend to say. 
The adulteration of milk sold in large towns is 
extensively practiced. Of the twenty odd millions 
of gallons sold annually in this State, at least one 
EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE 
French Model Farm*. 
A correspondent of the N. Y. Evening Fust, 
writing from Paris under date of July 3d, says that 
the Emperor is unremitting in his endeavors to in¬ 
duce the French agriculturists to adopt tho improved 
methods which enable England, with a soil naturally 
poorer than that of France, to produce on an average 
four-flfths more per acre than is obtained hero. In 
almost every one of the departments ho ia purchasing 
estates, which he causes to he cultivated in the best 
English style, with the aid of imported English und 
American machinery, and all the ncwcBt improve¬ 
ments in the way of draining, manuring, fences, 
alternation of crops, grazing and so forth. To these 
“model farms,” supplied with the best implements 
and the finest stock, access is free to all who apply 
for a card of admission; every Bpeciea of informa¬ 
tion concerning measures adopted on the estate, 
amount of outlay, &c., in given to inquirers by per¬ 
sons employed for the purpose, milk and other 
produce being sold in small quantities, at prices 
carefully calculated on the cost of production, thus 
The Weal her and Crops. 
The editor of tho Irish Farmers' Gazette, under 
date of July 0th, from personal observation, and 
information furnished by correspondents, states that 
the aspect of tho various crops, with some excep¬ 
tions, is very cheering. The wheat crop, though not 
occupying bo great a breadth as would be desirable, 
is looking remarkably well, and for the greater part 
shot into ear. The other day, when witnessing the 
trial of implements at the Model Farm, we remarked 
g \ Jl keeping it at all times in fine tilth. If the 
ground is well pulverized to considerable depth, and 
■ , ! ‘ f . ^* a ble, none of our crops will suffer in the 
| ■ -ast by any ordinary “dry smell.” A rood turn 
i 
