ROCHESTER, N. Y..-F0R THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 31, 18G1 
1 WHOLE NO. 607 
efforts to suppress rebellion, and ignoring the faint¬ 
heart, do-nothing policy now so common among the 
People. Determined action in the right direction 
will speedily be followed by returning prosperity. 
Confidence, courage, and activity will inaugurate 
successful operations in both VVar and Business. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEKKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, Western Corresponding Editor, 
WAYSIDE JOTTINGS, 'V. 
These Wayside Notes are literally written “on the 
spot ” where they are suggested — by the roadside, in . ■ 
the field, barn, or kitchen —just where I happen to be. ( 
It shall bo the aim to speak of what, I see as I see it, I 
with sucli thoughts added as I think, and such eng / 
gestions as occur to me at the time. I leave Wauke- , 
gau, my friend I). drives me four miles north-west, ami * 
we stop at a farm, made on the timber land, JnHhe ' ^ 
midst of the belt I have described as lying west of 
Waukegan. The farm had been “run down” by 
renters, and a year ago the owner found it necessary^ - 
to come to it himself; and people wondered what U| 
he thought he could do on a farm, with no experience 
as a farmer, (being a brick-layer,) and poor health 
beside. Did he suppose he could hire his work done 
and-make money? 
“Why not?” asked the bricklayer. “Why, sir, if it 
will not pay to hire help at such rates as I can get 
help for per month to do the work under intelligent Ji 
direction, it will not pay to farm it at all.” a 
He was a close observer, not opinionated, willing, |j 
and apt to learn, could trace results to causes, and li 
knew or soon learned how to adopt the practice s 
which produced good results. And to-day his farm t 
looks differently than it did under the irresponsible j 
care of farm scavengers. Ilia crops are and have . 
been good, and lie finds farming pays. 
But there is one thing “ old hands at the business” a 
may learn from this tyro farmer. He employs a v 
member of the family of my friend and companion, 
Lead Bench,, Esq., on his farm. It is made the 11 
duty of this member of this distinguished family to 1 
practice arithmetic on this farm—to record, ealou- ' 
late, and contrive, add, subtract, and divide. And * 
if Mr. Pencil asserts as the result of his effort that p 
this crop or that, this animal or that, this practice or v 
that does not pay, the crop is no longer made a util- 1 
pie, the animal is quickly disposed of, and the prac- * 
tiee modified or radically changed; and only wbat 
will, pay is practiced; and what will pay is performed, H 
and in season. There is no complaint of want of a 
time. Time is purchased in the extra labor em¬ 
ployed, promptly—just as a man makes a prompt f 
investment in merchandise when he can make money A 
by it. Labor is purchased for the profit it affords the c 
farmer, just as silk or sugar is purchased hy the mer- i 
chant for the profit he may realize from it. And be a 
if known that, the farmer who applies this rule to the 
management of his farm, will soon discover leaks and P 
ways to stop said leaks; if he does not, he better far u 
give up the business. o 
— Now we are invited to walk over the farm with this I 
man. The orchard is seeded. We protest against It, t 
and' give reasons therefor. The farmer proposes to 1 
inquire further, and if it is a wrong practice, abau- L 
don it. That is right. Caution is a good “bump” 
to have, sometimes. s 
The meadows have been reclaimed from barrenness s 
by the application of a top dressing of manure in the t 
fall. When these timothy bulbs are so exposed to a 
the sun, and the drouth is so much more effective to T 
destroy them on this tindrained clay, I would cover 
it at once with rotten manure if at hand; if not, with I 
a coarse strawy mulch. It will pay. o 
I toll the farmer of the use of the mole plow or j 
ditcher, and point out to him how these slopes, now b 
baked and cracked with the drouth, may be drained c 
into yonder slough, through which a ditch may be c 
cut, and be is convinced it is best it should be done, r 
and he is the man to do it. c 
— Canada thistles! as I live. Yes, sir, here are the i 
first I have seen in the Western States — a right \ 
smart patch of them, too. My jack knife leaps from a 
my pocket, and the process of defoliation commences t 
at once, and close to the ground. The sight of these f: 
pests in a pasture awakens, vividly, memories of the t 
“French bundles” I used to tie up with willow c 
withes on the old farm, “when the dew was on.” f 
Tub Ritual New-Yorker is designeJ to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes bis per¬ 
gonal attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural an eminently 
Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subjects Intimately connected with the business of those 
whose interests it zealously advocates. As a Family Journal 
it is eminently Instructive and Entertaining — beiny so con¬ 
ducted that it can bt> safely taken to thu Heart* and Homes ot 
people of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Ncieutillc, Educational, 
Literary and Nows Matter, interspersed with appropriate and 
beautiful Engravings, than any oilier journal, —rendering 
it the most complete Agricultural, Literary and Family 
Newspaper in America. 
I UPROVED FIOIi.SK POWER AND NEW THRESHER ANI> CI.KANK1! 
EMERY 
THE TIMES AND PROSPECTS 
quite popular for the past teu years, and it. is claimed 
that the improvements made from time to time, and 
especially during the past year or two, have resulted 
in producing the best machine of its class yet intro 
duced. We are assured by parties in this section 
who have the new combination, that it is far superior 
to the endless ohain machines heretofore used by 
them, doing the work in a better manner and with¬ 
out, waste of grain -items worthy of note. The claims 
of the manufacturers — Messrs. Emeiiv Brothers, 
Albany—are brielly enumerated in their advertise¬ 
ment in this paper, to which we refer all interested. 
Their machines may be examined at the Agricultural 
Warehouse of E. I>. HalloCK, 114 State st., Roches¬ 
ter, who is agent for this vicinity— a fact we add for 
the information of readers in this section. 
For months the whole country has been depressed, 
nearly all branches of business being affected, and 
others entirely ruined or temporarily suspended. The 
great rebellion has created wide-spread alarm and 
disaster, even among classes who could have with¬ 
stood the storm uninjured but for their fears, and 
lack of confidence in themselves, the Government, 
and the result of the War for the Union. The com¬ 
mercial and manufacturing interests of the country — 
from those of New York down to the small and 
remote villages — have Buffered immensely, seriously 
affecting all other branches of trade and production. 
Even the Agricultural Interest, which ought to ride 
out the storm safely, or at leuat with little injury, Is 
temporarily depressed — the fears of the timid of 
other classes having seriously frightened many farm¬ 
ers, causing them to croak amazingly and adopt an 
unnecessary retrenchment, tending to a further pros¬ 
tration of business and prosperity. Indeed, the 
alarm lias been almost universal among all classes — 
and the result, like the causeless fright and stampede 
at Bull’s Run, has proved most disastrous to the 
whole community. 
Matters were bad enough before the reverse of the 
Union Army just alluded to; but when that, untoward 
event occurred, the boldest men seemed to waver and 
doubt for awhile, apparently fearing that all might 
soon be lost — that the material interests of indvidu- 
als, communities, aud, indeed, the whole country, 
would soon Bhare a common and irretrievable disas¬ 
ter. The times were hard beyond comparison fu the 
experience of most men, and the prospects very 
unpropitious— at least to all those who participated 
in the fears entertained by the timid and desponding. 
Many kinds of business were at a stand still, while 
bankers and capitalists were disposed to adopt a 
policy suicidal to themselves and community, by 
withholding such discounts, loans, and assistance as 
were necessary to sustain business men and the busi¬ 
ness interests from the impending wreck. The moral 
influence of the repulse of oar army was great, aud 
the idea that there was inefficiency in conducting the 
war very generally prevailed throughout the North. 
But we need not particularize; for our readets in city, 
village, aud country alike know the chief causes of 
the depression which has recently affected all classes 
and interests. 
But a re-action has commenced — business is 
becoming more active — people more hopeful as to 
the future. The times are consequently improving, 
though not as rapidly as many deBire. Confidence, 
without which little can he accomplished in any 
business, is fast being restored among the intelligent 
masses of the Free and Border States, and the skies, 
so long overcast, are daily brightening. The taking 
of the Government Loan by the Bankers of New 
York, Boston, aud I’hiladelphia, has already had a 
very favorable tendency in both city and country — 
rendering all classes more confident in regard to the 
future, and the confidence thus imparted cannot but 
have a wide and salutary influence. Many who a 
month ago feared the world wrb noon coming to an 
end — or at least that all business enterprises were to 
be ruined, and their promoters become bankrupt— 
are taking fresh courage, and now think, not only 
that the War will be prosecuted successfully under 
the active management of McClellan, Fremont, 
and others, but that the people and country may sur¬ 
vive the rebellious storm and its depressing conse¬ 
quences. Much depends, however, upon individual 
thought, expression, and action. Faith and works 
more favor than we do the “prairie rose.” The next 
experiment was tried with the Washington thorn, 
(Crataegus cor Jut a,) with only partial success. It 
adapts itself to the soil and climate, makes a line, pro¬ 
fuse growth, with sharp tlioruB and delicate leaves; 
and It, also abounds In fragrant, white flowers and red 
berries; but to make a hedge sufficiently strong 
against hogs and unruly cattle, it requires to be 
plashed, grows rather slowly, takes from six to eight 
years, with some rare to complete the hedge, and 
after all it is subject, as are all the Hawthorns, to 
attacks of the borer and tho million leaf-eaters. The 
Buckthorn {Khamaus Cathnrticue,) is very hardy, a 
profuse grower, makes a thick, handsome hedge, but 
from want of thorns it is not sufficiently repulsive for 
outside fences, though we have seen a few good ones. 
Various other trees and plants have been tried for 
the purpose, without any success. Hence, as live 
fencing is, with us, a prime necessity, our research 
became earnest in quest of a plant for the purpose, 
which should combine the greatest number of requi¬ 
site properties; and when " in the course of human 
events” visionary meu introduced the Madura, the 
shout of “ Eureka” went up from Prairieland. In 
brief time it was demonstrated to be sufficiently 
thorny, and hardy enough for the 43d parallel. 
Moreover, it was found easy to propagate from seed, 
to transplant, with great certainty, to grow rapidly, 
to repel insectB and vermin, and to bear crowding 
aud cutting to any extent; and as for durability, it 
was confidently asserted it would lust two hundred 
years! certain old Texan ranoheros having tried it, 
as the boy’s father did the crow. 
With marvelous rapidity it, spread over Prairiedom, 
and so great was the public confidence in its efficiency, 
that some seemed to think all that was necessary was 
to load an old “scatter gun” with the seed, point it 
In line of the hedge row, and “touch off.” Others 
procured the plants and carelessly stuck them in the 
rich, friable soil, and waited with confidence for 
results, and the only wonder is that such a propor¬ 
tion as five or six in thirty should succeed, others, 
who succeeded in getting a “good stand,” and be¬ 
lieving it could stand grief, submitted it to severe 
tests — pasturing it, making a turn row upon it, 
cutting it down each month to thicken it the first 
sehson, and such like “ mild punishment.” As might 
have been expected, disappointment was the result, 
and the project would have been abandoned in 
despair had it not been for the examples of a few 
thorough, practical ruen, who, eschewing the doc¬ 
trine that good things are apt to come spontaneously, 
set about hedging iu earnest, and by simple means, 
aud a small outlay of care and patience, succeeded 
and if very warm, a largo tin vessel filled with ice 
is suspended in the milk, care being taken to oxter 
miuate all animal beat from the milk and prevent it 
getting sour. Tho process of manufacture in tho 
morning is not unlike that of most dairymen, except 
tho curd is scalded, or cooked much more than ia 
common. The apparatus used is not of the most 
convenient kind. But the work seems skillfully, and 
in the main carefully and neatly performed. Alter 
the cheese has been in the press 15 minutes, it is 
turned, and again in about two hours; then again 
about five o’clock in the evening; and taken to the 
cheese room the next morning when the day’s cheese 
is ready for the press. But Mr. H. says it ought to 
be pressed 30 hours instead of 24. The cheese is 
turned every day until 6 weeks old, when it is turned 
once or twice per week. No coloring matter is used 
in the manufacture of the cheese, neither are the 
bandages colored. Whey butter ia used to grease 
the cheese; if they are well bandaged and carefully 
rubbed, oue greasing is all that is deemed necessary, 
and ia all they get. The cheese crop of this dairy 
last year, alone, sold for $1,101. Seventeen hogs 
were also fattened, which averaged 300 lbs. each, 
aud which sold at $5.30 per cwt. There will be more 
cheese made and more hogs fattened this year than 
last; the pasture is better. 
LIVE FENCING. 
A VOICE FROM THE PRAIRIES, 
Eds. Rural Nkw-Youkkr:— Having noticed in 
your issue of the 27th ult., an article on the subject 
Of Live Fencing, over the signature of W. M. Beau- 
cn amp, I would heartiLy indorse his sentiments in 
the abstract; but as he has, sans ceremonle, bayonotted 
one of our best friends, I feel bound to have him 
arraigned, at least, before the tribunal of public 
opinion at the West. 
Your noble journal lias already attained, and de¬ 
servedly, a wide-spread circulation in this part of our 
COmtnnn heritage, and this is my only apology, if 
any is needed, for taking up the gauntlet thrown 
down with so little ceremony. Mr. B., with a sturdy 
thwack of his potent pen, declares “the Osage 
Orange will no more nor no better make a hedge 
than the Prairie llose.” Why did he not tell us on 
what grounds he condemns it? He says “a pub¬ 
lisher examined over thirty Osage hedges in Illinois 
and found not more than five or six that could he 
called an apology for a hedge,” Ac. Ts this conclu¬ 
sive evidence that the Osage is a failure per se? 
We are much iu the habit of looking to the East 
for light, and we take it hard to have the floodgates 
closed so abruptly, dooming ns to grope our way iu 
the dark. It must he confessed we are going astray 
with rapid strides, and it seems very cruel in Mr. U. 
to withhold argument in the premises. We are per¬ 
sistent in error, and wuyward,— seldom induced to 
change our course, unless the quicksands and sloughs 
are pointed out But. to the point. 
The history of live fencing as a business-, dates back 
in Illinois some twenty years; a f ui experiment, a few 
years later. The subject of the first fair trial was 
tbe English Hawthorn — in the hands of competent 
hedgers from “Britain’s Isle.” The fairest test, by 
Us most partial friends, resulted in utter failure, and 
they were forced to the conclusion that the Hawthorn 
was not the hedge plant, for Illinois at least — and 
why? It was found iucapable of withstanding the 
beat and drouth of our summers, and the seasoning 
winds of winters, however well adapted to the mild 
aud humid climate of England, or even that of New 
York. Even as an isolated ornamental tree, it grows 
feebly and thin here. Though its blooms and berries 
are pretty, we regard it, as a hedge plant, with no 
1 '> Mr.KV.H 
jSS2>!l 
H J iiinsimr 
