278 
BEW-YOKKER. 
SI. 
mentioned, yet many old, ragged rows, which a few advance. Rome have all of last year’s crop on hand, ing will certainly be prevented. Onr common bees aphides which infested it; also that a neighbor of 
years ago promised nothing but nuisances, have been There is a great deal of Timothy grass seed through also will not swarm, or very rarely attempt it, if fur- his had a crop of tobacco saved from worms, which 
plashed and “ coopered up,” and by this means are this connty; it is now worth $1.85 per bushel. nished with a queen reared in the current year, nor were destroyed by hornets. It is true that hornets 
made into impassable fences, though imperfect Lake Co., 111., Aug. 1861. A. C. Cctlkr. w iH they usually bnild drone-comb or rear drone- and wasps prey upon insects, for the sake of the 
hedges. 1 only wish your correspondent could -♦ ‘ ♦ • *- brood; and, if populous, they will seldom fail to vegetable juices they contain, but they arc also 
examine, with me, the hundreds of miles of good MOWING AND MOWERS. gather ample supplies of boney. In general, there- troublesome by attacking fruits, and their venomous 
hedges now turned out in the county of Fulton- I fore > !t m ay be regarded as an infallible preventive stings make them unpleasant neighbors. Perhaps. 
wonld like to see him compare the Orange in a fin- Eds. Bcbal New-Yorker:— There is, perhaps, no of swarming, to remove the old queen at the ap- however, they are more beneficial than injurious; if 
ished hedge with the little fragile " prairie rose.” employment which breaks down the constitution of proacb of the swarming season, and to destroy so, let them be preserved. Here is an interesting 
afterward all the royal cells but one. If the bees question for the investigation of young entomolo- 
ycars ago promised nothing hut nuisances, have been 
plashed and “ coopered up,” and by this means are 
made into impassable fences, though imperfect 
hedges. 1 only wish your correspondent could 
examiue, with me, the hundreds of miles of good 
hedges now turned out in the county of Fulton. I 
would like to see him compare the Orange in a fin¬ 
ished hedge with the little fragile "prairie rose.” 
Or, if he could view the landscape from the Mound, 
on which this is written look down, as upon a 
map, over the succession of farms stretching for 
miles on the gently rolling prairie, and see on every 
side the boundaries of field and farm defined by ft 
streak of deep, rich green, looming up above the 
crops he could not but be charmed with the sight. 
He would quickly retract his slander of the Osage. 
We at the West esteem it the best plant in the vege¬ 
table kingdom for onr purpose; hence we are a little 
sensitive when outsiders derogate it. Wc base its 
There is a great deal of Timothy grass seed through 
this connty; it is now worth $1.85 per bushel. 
Lake Co., 111., Aug. 1861. A. C. Cutler. 
MOWING AND MOWERS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —There is, perhaps, no 
employment which breaks down the constitution of 
men like farming. More especially was this the case 
when agricultural implements were as rude and 
clumsy as they were thirty years ago. I have now 
in my miud’a eye scores of men, employers and 
employed, who are suffering from this cause. Noth¬ 
ing tells more severely upon the system than mowing 
heavy grass by hand. I shall always recollect a piece 
of lodged clover which 1 helped to cut just as I was 
entering man’s estate. Being ambitions to keep up 
with experienced hands, I drilled it through, but it 
nearly cost me my life. As jt was, I was incapable 
were left solely to the operation of their own in¬ 
stinct, the mere removal of the old queen would be 
the most effectual means of inducing them to swarm 
at an early day; but since it is well known that 
nearly two weeks will elapse before a swarm will 
issue from a hive so treated, we have time to destroy 
the supernumerary royal cells at our convenience. 
But if we have a reserve queen at command, and 
introduce a fertile one a few days after the old queen 
Is removed, the bees will commonly themselves 
gists, who will find in it both pleasure and profit. 
Kindness Toward Jlilcli Cows. 
We find the following in Wilkes' S’pint of the 
Times :—One of the greatest errors in overcoming 
cows that are nnquiet while being milked, is to whip, 
beat, kick and bawi at them. This is generally done, 
and the cow becomes afraid or angry, and instead of 
becoming better grows worse. Milch cows cannot 
be whipped or terrified into standing quietly, gently 
chief merits upon its utility, and the absolute security of any labor for many weeks, and have been troubled destroy the royal cells they are constructing—partic- and patiently during milking. They dislike to be 
it affords the farmer. When suffered to run up, (and with a weak side ever since. Yet, while I escaped, ularly if the oolony he at the aame time weakened milked, for they know that loud words and hard 
many neglect to trim it,) the appearance is not orna- many have fallen. A fine young man of my acquaint- by transferring a portion of the workers, which may blows always attend the operation. They dread to 
mental, except in the distance; but. when it ia kept **ncc was killed ten years since by a scythe. Not he used to form an artificial colony. gee the milker as the little urchin dread 3 to see the 
neatly clipped, nothing can be more graceful, or give by the point or edge, literally, but by swinging it It will be obvious to the reader that the processes birchen rod in the band of an angry pedagogue, 
to field or farm, Bmall or large, such a charming through the grass. He hired out to a driving farmer, here suggested can be availed of only where movable when he expects to have it applied to bis back. A 
finish. was P ut in with a stout aet of hands, took Ills swath, comb hives are used—which may, however, serve us cow, kindly and properly treated, is pleased to see 
Where a windbreak or screen is wanted, as around ar 'd fell a victim to the drudgery of mowing. There additional evidence that rational bee culture, prop- the milker, gladly awaits his or her approach, and 
a stock-farm, pasture, or orchard, it should be planted is not a doubt if mowers had then been In use, that erly so called, can only be practiced with that kind submits wit,h pleasure to the operation of being 
closely, and allowed to run up as tall as it will; but he would have been living now, and thousands been of hive. But even with these, the inexperienced milked. Every one having experience with cows 
operator may encounter many unanticipated difficul¬ 
ties, and not unf'rcqucntly fail to accomplish his 
along roadsides and wherever the view is worth pre¬ 
serving, it should by all means be shorn off and the 
brush burnt. Horse power machinery for the pur¬ 
pose of shearing hedges with precision, ease and 
speed, are now in process of construction. Should 
this operate well, the cost of keeping the hedges in 
trim will be merely nominal, though the expense of 
hand-trimming is not heavy. 
Since I left this locality, five years ago, most of the 
hedges have been perfected, dead fences removed, 
and the whole landscape so changed and improved 
in its outlines that it scarcely seeniB like the same 
region. The only complaint heard against hedges is 
of the neglect to trim them by the roadside. In 
point of hardiness, the OHagc hedges here withstood 
winters that have killed seedling apple orchards 
thirty years old, and almost every heart cherry in the 
country. Only In that part of Illinois where the 
gopher abounds is there found a single drawback to 
live fencing; and even there, though this rascally 
"sub contractor” often eats off the roots and saps 
the foundation of the young hedge, the farmers are 
sound who are suffering from physical disability. 
How cruel it is to put boys still in their teens, to 
handling these man-killers, which we sec hanging 
round farmer’s dwellings, in apple trees, or wood¬ 
sheds. Daniel Weiistbr said he never could get 
the hang of a scythe, and said it always looked best 
to him when hung iu a tree. What a pity the great 
statesman had not then and there invented a mower, 
as he would then have had the glory of being a great 
inventor in addition to being the " great expounder.” 
He would not only have explained the constitution of 
his country, but also saved the constitutions of his 
countrymen. 
One of my neighbors who has purchased a mower, 
and given it a thorough trial, says he would not part 
with it for three times its cost, if he could not get 
another. On his way home from the factory with 
milked, for they know that loud words and hard 
blows always attend the operation. They dread to 
see the milker as the little urchin dreads to see the 
birchen rod in the hand of an angry pedagogue, 
when he expects to have it applied to his back. A 
cow, kindly and properly treated, is pleased to see 
the milker, gladly awaits his or her approach, and 
submits with pleasure to the operation of being 
milked. Every one having experience with cows 
knows this to be true. But the cow is opposed to 
change of milkers; she soon becomes attached to 
his machine, he saw a mower, a horse rake and a bay breath, caused through eating of leeks, onions, garlic 
turner, or spreader, all at work in the same field. aD d the like. Thou must not be given to surfeiting 
"I declare,” he remarked, "they ride to mow, ride or drunkenness; thou must not come frilling and 
to turn, and ride to rake their hay in these days.” It blowing unto them, neither hastily stir ameng them, 
certainly is a matter for congratulation that inventors n °r resolutely defend thyself when they seem to 
not discouraged (roin planting, and hedges will yet f,rc making agriculture more easy and pleasant than 
abound on every prairie farm. In these terrible 
times farmers are willing to put off every thing but 
their hedging. Plants arc in greater demand than 
any other commodity, and I have known four to five 
hundred bushels of seed planted in a single town. 
The seed will be scarce while the war continues. 
Canton, III., August, 1861. C. It. overman. 
FASTENING CATTLE IN STALLS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —I have been a constant 
reader of the Ritual for a number of years past, and 
expect to be as long as I am in need of a good Agri¬ 
cultural Journal; and as it contains much informa¬ 
tion in regaid to other matters as well as Agriculture, 
it answers quite as well for almost every class, what¬ 
ever their occupation may lie. But. ns dairying is in y 
principal business, and having received much good 
information in regard to it, I am a-> willing to give 
wliat little T cun for the benefit of my class as to 
receive. So, without any further preliminaries, I 
will proceed to give the dairymen u plun to fasten or 
unfasten cattle, (in stalls made the usual way amongst 
dairymen,) all at once, and without interfering with 
the usual way. 
In the first place, get out strips of hoard, (lj inch 
wide by lj thick is a good size, but it. will answer 
smaller or larger;) have these strips of any length 
you please, so when they are spliced together, (which 
is done by halving them together at the ends, and 
pinned with i inch pins,) they will reach the whole 
length of the stalls. Now put this slide (we will call 
it,) over the necks of the cattle, and under the top of 
the stalls on the manger side, and close enough so us 
not to ruh hard. Nail some small pieces of board 
under this slide on every second stationary slat, and 
on the side of the top of the stalls, to keep it in its 
place. Shut all of the stalls and put the latches 
down, and then with a half inch auger bore a hole 
through tho slide close up to the outside edge of 
every movable slat, and put pins through to catch 
against the slats to shut them, when the slide is 
drawn up. Then make a pulley 4 inches in diameter. 
If inch thick, and with an inch pin fasten it to the 
top of the stalls, so that the lower edge of it. will he 
in a line with the center of the stido. Now take a 
small chain, two or three feet, long, and fasten one 
end of it to the slide about a foot from the pulley - 
fetch the chain under the pulley and fasten the other 
end to a lever, which should work up and down like 
a pump handle. Nail a piece of board s or 10 inches 
wide to the top of the stalls, and bolt the lever to 
that with one bolt put through about 2J feet from one 
end; but the best way is to have the lever extend out 
behind the cattle, (when it can be done conveniently,) 
so you will not have to go between the animals to let 
them out or fasten them. If it works loose as it 
should, one cow will push the slide back if it is 46 
feet long. If you want to let the cattle all out at, 
once you must not let the latches down, but lay on 
the top of the slat one inch. Of course the lever 
must be kept in its place when the latches are pet 
down. It is not much trouble to make it and it will 
pay well. E. B. Tanner. 
Attica, Onio, 1860. 
CROPS AT THE WEST. 
Eds. Burai Nkw-Yorkkh:— During my visit in 
this Western Country I have observed very closely 
the growing crops, as well as the grain that farmers 
have been harvesting. Wheat is now all secured in 
the stacks, and some have got through with their 
threshing. The crop is better than many farmers 
supposed It would be. The Chinch bug has injured 
some pieces of wheat very much, but on the whole, 
most of the farmers set the average crop at fifteen 
bushels per acre; some say eighteen bushels, but I 
hardly think it more than fifteen. 
In Southern Wisconsin the Army worm has done a 
great deal of damage to small grain. They seem to 
be the worst in Rock county and counties west of 
there. Wheat is badly shrunk through those coun¬ 
ties; the average probably about thirteen bushels per 
acre. Corn, through Northern Illinois and Southern 
Wisconsin, is backward, but is looking well. If 
September should lie a warm month, the corn crop 
will be about nu average. Fotatoes will be rather a 
poor crop. They were greatly damaged by the 
drouth in the fore part of the season. As to the 
price for grain I can say but little. Most of the 
farmers are intending to keep their grain lor an 
in former days. Equipped with such machines, such 
polished, light, and handy tools, the American farm¬ 
ers can charge upon the productions of nature with 
the vim and spirit of the Zouaves. The former, like 
the latter, have made charges upon the hillside and 
plain. Both have behaved admirably and used their 
favorite implements and weapons with skill. But as 
to the trophies of the pasl summer campaigns, the 
balance is greatly in favor of the scythe, the rake, 
and the fork, over the rilled cannon and the sword 
bayonet. The American farmer has won his Bolfcrino 
and is now reposing on his arms till the fall cam¬ 
paign. Jlis armistice is one of peculiar pleasures. 
What, a time for pic-nies and parties, for berrying and 
visiting. Thanks to machinery and superior tools, 
we can enjoy this armistice. Our peace seems to 
give universal satisfaction. No letter writer is dis¬ 
appointed, — no apology needed, finch men as 
Manny, McCormick, Wood and Emery, are great 
benefactors. Their names will live when those of 
Armstrong, Colt and Bowie are forgotten. By the 
triumphs of their skill and genius, the tiller of the 
soil is enabled to command more leisure, and is every 
day approaching nearer to the true ideal of manhood. 
Cambridge Valle}', N, Y.. 1861. H. K. F. 
->■■♦<«- 
8ft* 
1’i event I on of Swarming. 
The heavy losses which bee-keepers sustained 
in consequence of the unusually unpropitious season 
of i860 and the severe winter which ensued, have 
convinced the hitherto incredulous that the practice 
of allowing the bees to follow their own instincts or 
whims in all cases is litr from being a rational system 
of bee culture. The system which permits stocks to 
swarm when and as often as they please, does, in¬ 
deed, occasionally produce satisfactory results in 
districts where fall pasturage abounds, if the weather 
be then favorable to the labor of the bees; bat it 
may also, as last year's experience incontestibly 
proves, involve the total ruin of an apiary. The 
colony which is kept in a small hive with the iiben- 
tion that it shall swarm, will gather a smaller amount 
of supplies than it would have done if more ample 
room had been furnished. A portion of these sup¬ 
plies will ho carried off by the departing swarms; 
and another portion of the remainder will be used, 
to enable the colony to recover its lost vigor. The 
swarms will devote the honey they appropriated 
when leaving, and much of what they afterward 
gather, to comb-building and the nourishment of 
brood; and then, if the remainder of the season 
proves to he unfavorable, parent stocks and swarms 
will at its close he found alike unprovided with 
stores for the winter. Excepting where buckwheat 
is extensively cultivated, fall pasturage is usually 
scant and of small account; and the bees will be 
only the worse off, if the weather permits them to 
tly when there is nothing for them to gather. Be¬ 
sides, with the exception of that yielded by buck¬ 
wheat, the honey gathered from the blossoms of 
fruit trees, locusts, lindens, Ac., is of much better 
quality, and assures a much more successful winter¬ 
ing, than such as is collected from wild llowers, Ac., 
iu autumn. 
For these reasons many bee-keepers are anxious 
to prevent or limit swarming, preferring to content 
themselves with a smaller yield of good honey, 
rather than jeopard the safety of their colonies. 
Others have not leisure to watch their apiaries, and 
thus sutler loss from absconding swarms, or are so 
situated that their swarms are apt to settle in incon¬ 
venient locations, and can only be secured and hivea 
with great trouble, and occasionally at the risk of 
life. It is hence an interesting and important in¬ 
quiry, whether swarming may not be prevented, and 
if so, how? 
Undoubtedly, swarming may be prevented, hut 
the process employed must be adapted to the varying 
circumstances. In some cases the simplest means— 
ventilation, enlargement of room, Ac.—suffice for 
the purpose; while in others more energetic and 
compulsive measures must be resorted to. Bees will 
not attempt to swarm when the requisite conditions 
for swarming do not exist or have been seasonably 
removed. Sealed royal cells and their maturing in¬ 
mates impel the old queen to depart with the first 
and the like. Thou must not be given to surfeiting 
or drunkenness; thou must not come friffing and 
blowing unto them, neither hastily stir among them, 
nor resolutely defend thyself when they seem to 
threaten thee; but softly moving thy hand before 
thy face, gently put them by. And lastly, thou must 
be no stranger to them. In a word, thou must he 
chaste, cleanly, sweet, sober, quiet and familiar; so 
will they love thee and know thee from all others.— 
Butler. 
During the period when bees can gather honey, 
those on whom that department of labor devolves 
do not consume pollen. They subsist for the time 
on honey alone, and eschew all cruder nutriment— 
obviously to keep their bodies as light as possible, 
and thus better qualified for flying. At 6uch time 
the nursing bees and the wax producers alone mix 
pollen with their food, to enable them to nurture the 
brood properly and to promote the secretion of wax. 
The nursing bees leave their post only once a day if 
the weather be fair, generally accompanying the 
young bees which issue to make the first experi¬ 
mental trial of their wings. If prevented by unfa¬ 
vorable weather for several days in succession from 
issuing and gnTjdyfiling in company with their rol¬ 
licking nurselinga they are apt to become diseased; 
and when the confinement is of long continuance, 
the consequences may be fatal to those who so faith¬ 
fully adhere to the discharge of their functions. 
Am, Bee Journal. 
Prof. Zenker marked a number of bees with a 
solution of ochre, and found by observation that 
those left their hive live times in quest of honey, 
between half-past five in the morning and noon— 
visiting a rape field in blossom one-third of a mile 
distant. He could not discover that any of these 
marked bees left the hive in the afternoon of the 
same day. 
Propolis, dissolved in spirits of wine or turpen 
tine, lias been used for varnishing tin and other 
polished metals, tinging them a lemon color and 
protecting them from rust. 
gural spirit of tl it 
Fast Growing Pork. 
The Neto England Farmer says: “ We do not 
work our hogs, either in harness or on the manure 
heap9. When they have taken their meals and wbat 
exercise they please, they retire to a dry, roomy bed, 
lie down and grow, and make a business of it. An 
Irishman can overhaul the manure heap much 
cheaper than the hogs can. We slaughtered swine 
last fall, made from pigs that weighed less than .'hi 
pounds each eleven months before, and the hogs 
weighed, when handsomely dressed, from 450 to 475 
pounds each!” 
Sawed Kails. 
A writer to the Prairie Farmer says that when 
a man has rail timber that is hard to split, and has a 
saw mill, it might be good policy to saw the logs 
into rails, three inches square; but the same timber 
sawed into boards would make twice as much fence 
(we might add, if well made, twice as good!. Rails 
should always he peeled. Bark preserves timber 
when alive, but hastens its decay when dead; unless 
buried in the gronnd, a post will be more durable if 
the bark be left on. Two kinds of timber, unless 
equally durable, should not be laid in the same 
fence; for one rotting before the other makes repair 
necessary. 
Feeding Swine. 
How lo Choose 
Farm Hnrue. 
Mr. Taogekt, of Wayne, Ohio, at a meeting of a favor.— I*. Mon 
the Ohio State Agricultural Society, said he was not In the Rural o 
in favor of feeding hogs long, to make them weigh that by digging 1 
large weights. He kept his in the clover field till setting posts, be 
the beginning of September; then, when the corn Rome 60 niirnerr 
begins to harden, cuts it up, both ear and stalk, and ,luiM,Uu 
feeds it to them. “i*ne bushel ot corn, in Septum- oW , d tQ wage 
her, will fatten more than one and a half in Decern- w q ll( virtue tber 
her.” Mr. I. recommended killing by the 15th of that fluid therein. 
November, as being the most profitable time, for 
.. .. Bandaging Ch 
then there has been little expenditure of carbon tor , a((? 1;riiAIg f ro 
the. production of heat, when, if left for another aging cheese, I s. 
month, the cold, wintry storms make this necessary. ,,„i 0 r with annati 
John Branson, in the Ohio Cultivator, gives the 
following rules to be observed in the purchase of a 
horse: 
The farmer requires a horse that can take him to 
market and around bis farm, on which he can occa¬ 
sionally ride for pleasure, and which he must some¬ 
times use for the plow and harrow. 
First to notice is the eyes, which should be well 
examined. Clearness of the eye is a sure indication 
of goodness; but this is not all — the eyelids, eye¬ 
brows, and all other appendages must be also con¬ 
sidered— for many horses whose eyes appear clear 
and brilliant, go blind at an early age; therefore be 
careful to observe whether the part between the eye¬ 
lids and eyebrows are swollen, for this indicates that 
the eyes will not last. When the eyes arc remarkably 
flat, sunk within their orbits, it is a bad sign. The 
iris or circle that surrounds the sight of the eye 
should be distinct, and of a pale, variegated, cinna¬ 
mon color, for this is a sure sign of a good eye. The 
eyes of a horse are never too large. 
The head should be of good size, broad between 
the eyes, large nostrils, red within, for large nostrils 
betoken good wind. 
The feet and legs should be regarded, for a horse 
with bail feet Is like a house with a weak foundation, 
and will do little service. The feet should be of a 
middle size and smooth; the heels should be firm, 
and not spongy and rotten. 
The limbs should be free from blemishes of all 
kinds, the knees straight, the back sinews strong and 
well braced, the pastern joints should be clean and 
clear of swellings of all kinds, and come near the 
ground, for such never have the ring-bone. Fleshy 
legged horses are generally subject to the grease and 
other infirmities of that kind, and therefore should 
not be chosen. 
The body should be of good size, the back straight 
or nearly so, and have only a small sinking below the 
withers; the barrel round and the ribs coming close 
to the hip-joints. Shoulders should ruu back but not 
too heavy, fora burse with heavy shoulders seldom 
moves well; chest and arms large. 
A horse weighing from 1,300 to 1,400 is large 
enough for a curt horse; from 1,100 to 1,200 is large 
enough for a farmer’s horse, from 1,000 to 1,100 is 
heavy enough for a carriage horse. 
I should advise every one to get some experimental 
knowledge of a horse before purchasing. 
KttflttiriejS! ana 
Cattle in the Highway — We are troubled with unruly 
cattle running in the highway. What shall we do with 
them, and what is the law iu regard to pasturing the roads? 
By answering the above yon will oblige more than one—S ob- 
st’KlUKK, Oswego Co., A". K, 1861. 
Mortai.ttv among Swin* — Will some of the Rural’s 
readers please to give me information on the following, 
through its columns:—l have a disease among my pigs for 
which l cannot find any remedy, t have lost thirty three 
out of forty-five. In the first place, they appear weak iu the 
hack, and iu a few days their hind quarters wilt fall over aide- 
wise, and the animal will drag them on the ground. They 
inger for a few weeks and die —J. K. Sands, jjyndou . IU. 
Plowing in Clover. — Will some experienced farmer 
inform me, through the columns of our Rural. (the paper 
that has got everything iu it that a man or woman wants to 
know.) how I can turn a heavy crop of clover under? What 
season of the year and how much team would be required? 
Would not a roller level it? We are now raising considerable 
quantities of clover here which is heavy this year, Any 
one answering the above will oblige— Oscar Berry, Fund du 
Un . Wit. IBM _ 
Destroying Moles —Can you. nr some one of your 
readers, tell me how to destroy those moles that work along 
beneath the surface of the ground, throwing up a small ridge 
of earth? The surface of tnv donryaed and garden seen,- 
completely undermined by them, and the roots of all shrub- 
and vegetables which they meet iu their peregrinations are 
immediately severed, ami the plants thus destroyed. They 
have become quite a pest, and any directions that would 
secure their extol mitmtino or expulsion wonld be regarded a- 
u favor.—P„ Monmouth , 111 , 1861. 
In the Rural of October Gib. 1860. a correspondent stated 
that by digging hole- in his front yard and garden, as for 
sotting posts, he rapidly thinned them out. They had he 
come eo numerous about his prerai-ea as to be decided 
nuisances. The holes were dry pit-falls, and he finished 
the work of extermination with a stick, but says if he were 
obliged to wage another war against them, he would try 
what virtue there is in water, by keeping several inches of 
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Threshing Machines, Ac.—Emery Brothers. 
Agricultural Machinery. &c.—E. D. Hatlock 
Tre f . N Shrubs. —A Bore Cfcuuoe Joseph Blakemore 
Trees at Wholesale—haIiti~‘-toek .V Maker 
Strawhci 
An Artificial I,eg —Dr Dongli- HIv 
Italian Bees cheaper than ever —K‘P. Kidder. 
Chester Connty Pigs—Paschal! Morris. 
Emit Browers Soc'.r of Western New York—C. P Bissell 
Nursery man V acted. 
Clover Street Seminary—Amv Moore. Principal. 
Fruit Trees fur Sate—P Bowen A: Co. 
Seed and Agricultural Store for Sale—Geo F. Needham 
Fruit Catalogues-Prince & Co. 
Trees tor Sale—H Sontbwick ti Son, 
Rural Notes anil Stems. 
The Advertisements in this paper are worthy the special 
attention of Farmers, Horticulturists and others. Those 
who need Fruit Trees, Agricultural Machinery, Ac., Ac , can 
now purchase at low rates, and should not practice a f a | ge 
economy by neglecting to provide what will prove of inune 
•Bate or lasting benefit. If farmers wish the country restored 
to its wonted prosperity, they must patronize the manufac¬ 
turers and dealers, as in so doing they will promote their 
own interests and those of community generally. 
— — - 
Remedy for Effects of Secession.— Our Prescription for 
the hard times and “blues,” caused by the great rebellion 
is this: 
Confidence.. 25 
Patriotism _ 25 
Plnck __ 25 
Industry_ '20 
Patience.... .05 
object. To find the queen, he may have to take out one person who performs the operation, and does 
all the combB in succession; and if the hive Is popu- not willingly and freely give down her milk to 
lous, the chances are ten to one that he will overlook another person; therefore, have one regular milker 
her in tho crowd. 1’ractice alone can teach him to certain cows, and bear in mind, if you change 
where she is to be looked for, and so quicken his milkers, it is at the expense of a loss of milk and of 
eyesight as to enable him to detect her at a glance, injury to the oow. All animals appreciate kind 
— Dxierzon. _ treatment, and resent abusive treatment. See that 
those who milk them can control themselves, govern 
xcc ent vice. their passions, speak low and kindly under almost 
Is thou wilt have the favor of thy bees, that they any provocation, and soon the cows will learn that 
sting thee not, thou must avoid some things which they are not going to be abased, and will submit to 
offend them. Thou must not be uncleanly; for im- the oper ation. Milking should he performed at reg- 
purity and sluttishness (themselves being most chaste u ; ar hours, not varying fifteen minutes one day from 
and neat) they utteily abhor. Thou must not come the other. No talking or laughing should be per- 
among them smelling of sweat, or having a stinking mi tted. 
not attempt to swarm when the requisite conditions Hornets mul Wasps Serviceable, 
for swarming- do not- exist or have been seasonably David E. Cox. of Lincoln Co., N. C., writes to 
removed. Sealed royal cells and their maturing in- the American Agriculturist that hornets and wasps 
mates impel the old queen to depart with the first are very serviceable in destroying insects which in- 
swarm, and the same cause urges the departure of jure vegetation, and that they should therefore not 
the first issuing young queen with the second swarm, be molested, but encouraged. He says that they 
If these royal cells or the queens be removed, swarm- rapidly cleared a pear tree on his premises of the 
Bandaging CHEESE. — Noticing an inquiry in one of the 
late Rurals, from a dairyman in Iowa, in regard to band¬ 
aging cheese, I send the following:—Take good cotton cloth, 
color with aunatto, and when you turn the cheese the first 
time, have ready a bandage made by sewing together and 
ruuuiti 2 a string round the top and bottom, draw up and 
fasten ends, place a small cloth over the space not covered 
with the bandage; also paint this part with annatto, dissolved 
in lye. Then, to one pint of lard, take a piece of beeswax 
size of an egg, melt, anil rub over the cheese while hot. If 
the cheese is m& le right, you will have no trouble; if not, 
nothing can prevent the files from troubling you.— Dairy, 
Victor, Ontario Co., IV. I'.. 1861. 
Pose —All you can bear, as often as the symptoms appear— 
the most prominent being weakness of backbone, faintness 
of heart, lack of faith in the perpetuity of the Union, Ac 
The remedy may be taken with impunity by all; even North¬ 
ern men tainted with Southern (or “secesh”) principles 
will find it far safer than the threatened application of tar 
and feathers or hempen fibrelia 
The Times ark Improving.—O ne of the brat evidences of 
this fact is afforded us in tho number of subscriptions and 
advertisements we arc receiving, and the confident and 
encouraging tone of letters from various parts of the country. 
If such “straws” arc true indications, a change is going on 
iu public sentiment which will soon produce beneficial result. 
— materially stimulating business and favorably affecting the 
entire community. That the times will ere long be easy, and 
money circulate freely, we axe confident from the views and 
action of capitalists, and those engaged in extensive business 
enterprises; nnd it behooves all others to use their influence 
in the right direction—to pursue such a course as will aid in 
restoring the people and country to former activity and pros¬ 
perity. The producing classes can do much in the futher 
ance of this desirable object, as every word and act indicating 
confidence will have the right tendency. Let us all do our 
duty, and there must soon be a decided improvement io alt 
departments of business. 
Amrrican Flax Company. —A meeting was held in Lock 
port, N. Y., last week, for the purpose of organizing the 
American Flax Company, and considering the feasibility of 
commencing the manufacture of fibrelia, or flax cotton, in 
that place. Addresses were made by F.x-Gov, Bunt and Hon. 
S. B. RugoI.es. The result wag the organization of a Com 
pany under the above title, and the articles of association 
have been duly filed. The Trustees are: Gbo. F. Allen, Gko. 
T. Strong, and CnAS. K, Strong, of New York city, and 
Washington Hunt, of Lockpnrt. A scries of resolutions 
were adopted, aud a Committee appointed to ascertain ax to 
the extent of flax culture in Niagara Co., and the average 
yield of straw per acre. Though the headquarters of the 
Company are at Lockport, most of the capital was subscribed 
by New Yorkers. Such associations, properly inaugurated 
and managed, will ere long depose “ King Cotton.” Success 
to the enterprise! 
Valuable Inventions — The JHglds of Patentees. — Th 
public, farmers especially, do uot generally appreciate and 
rc«f |-ct the rights of patentees. All valuable inventions are 
more or less pirated upon, chiefly, in the first instance, by 
manufacturers, who sell to users, who thus become liable to 
the patentee for damages for using what belongs to the 
patentee, as much a* big horse or house. The more valuable 
the invention, the more It is infringed opon. aud the inventor 
deprived of his just reward. The law Keen reft to the inventor 
and liis assignees, for the term of fourteen years, under the 
old law, and seventeen yearn under the new law, “ the full 
and exclusive right and liberty of making, constructing 
using, and vending to others to be used,” the results of his 
inventive genius. Hence, if the manufacturer infringes iu 
making, tie is liable in damages for making; if the manufac¬ 
ture!, nr any ether person, sells the thing patented, they are 
liable for selling; and if the farmer, or any other person, 
uses the invention, they are equally liable for using. These 
facts show the necessity of manufacturers, sellers, and users, 
exercising more caution aud regard for the rights of patentees. 
The Dayton Wheat in Michigan —Mr. L Shki-haro, of 
Chelsea, Washtenaw Co., Mich., gives us the result of a year s 
experience with the Dayton wheat, compared with some 
other varieties. Seeing notices of the Dayton in former 
volumes of the Rural, he last fall obtained two bblB. of Mr. 
Harmon, of Wheutlaud, and sowed tho same Sept. 7th on 
4'., acres of ground turned over after taking off a crop of har 
in July, aud cross plowed two or three inches deep on the 1st 
of Sept. In the same field some Mediterranean was sown, t 
test the two varieties. Both *rew well; in heading the Med. 
was a few days In advance, but In ripening the Dayton wa- 
several days the earliest, and on being threshed (Aug. 17 
measured 135 bushels. Tho Mediterranean was threshed 
with other wheat, so that the correct yield was uot ascer¬ 
tained, but Mr. S. estimates it at one quarter less than the 
Dayton. Toward the last of Septensbor Mr S. sowed a small 
plot of ground with the Dayton and Blue Stem, side by side, 
as an experiment. “The result was, at harvest the Blue 
Stem was badly injured by the midge, while none could be 
found in the Dayton, the yield of which was as good as the 
early sown.” Mr. S. concludes from his own experience, 
and the favorable reports from other quarters, that the Day- 
ton is a valuable acquiritiou, 
— It is proper for us to state that the Dayton, which suc¬ 
ceeded very well for two or three seasons in this sectiou, doe 
not f ulfill the expectations <f farmers, and that very little was 
sown Iasi fall compared with tue preceding. We hope it will 
succeed better in Michigan. 
• --- 
Addresses at Fairs. —As the season is at hand when 
speakers for Ag’l Fairs are In demand, we would state that 
our occasional correspondent, Mr. Gko. w. Bungay, of Fort 
Plain, Montgomery Co., N. Y., is prepared to respond to 
invitations. Mr. B. has in former years addressed various 
societies very acceptably, aud is again prepared to eoter the 
arena with either prose or poetry appropriate for the Annual 
Rural Festivals. 
To Measure Corn in a Crib.— Though some surmise that 
we may have little corn hereabouts the present season, tbe 
way to measure it iu the crib may prove of interest to many 
of our readers. A writer in the Prairie Farmer says it may 
be done by multiplying the length, breadth, and height 
together in feet; multiply this product by four, strike off tbe 
right figure, and the result will be shelled bushels. He finds 
this rule reliable. 
Houses and Mules are still in demand for Government 
service—the former for cavalry and the latter for army wagon 
teams. Large numbers have already been purchased and 
sent to Washington, aud the War Department haa justautbor 
ized the purchase of 1,500 cavalry horses aud 1,000 mules 
iu Kentucky. A Washington dispatch says one hundred 
mules are daily broken to harness and handed over in teams 
of four to the wagoners—and that eleven thousand more will 
be there within a month. 
Crofs in Ontario Co., C. W.—Under date of Aug. lo, Wu- 
Jeffrey, Esq., of Whitby, C. W., writes:—“The crops 
throughout the county are exceediugly good, hut very late- 
Our County Fair comes off' on the 18 and 19th of Septem 
ber.” We have similar reports as to the crops in other parts 
of Canada West—that they are good, though late. 
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