-ar i 
£ 
■YOHEEE. 
OPT. 7. 
try was settled and trees came into bearing. On 
good soils, and near the lake, a crop of peaches are 
as sure as a crop of potatoes. Here, thirty miles 
from the lake, good locations seldom fail. In fact, 
there has not been a year but the surrounding 
country has given u good supply to this market, of 
this most luscious of fruits. The nearer the lake,— 
other things being equal,—the better the prospect. 
The market across the lake is a good one for all kinds 
of fruit, especially for peaches. Six dollars per 
bushel is considered a fair price for our best sorts, 
well grown. My best ones sold for that last year, and 
a dozen buyers stood ready to take all offered at that 
price, equally good. Fortunes are every year made 
by those having large orchards in bcuring. From 
$5,000 to $8,000 are annually cleared above all 
expense, and this from orchards of fifteen acres and 
under. By far the most successful location, so lar, Is 
at the month of the St. Joseph River. I am inclined 
to believe that Berrien county is the green spot of all 
others, for fruit growing. 
All other fruits come to the greatest perfection here 
that are grown In this latitude. In this city, I know 
of a single grapevine, owned by Wm. H a i.dank, that, 
last year, raided fifteen bushels of grapes. The prac¬ 
tice of laying vines down during winter is not thought 
of with ns. I refer, of course, to the common sorts. 
Cherries have not been extensively planted, except 
it maybe Morellos. But the few planted give indi¬ 
cations of their adaptation to soil and climate, and 
I doubt not will satisfy all who try them in fair situa¬ 
tions. 
Not to enumerate more varieties, I will simply say 
that the natural adaptation of the country and its near¬ 
ness to a good market, makes this one of the moBt 
desirable locations for both the orchardist and ama¬ 
teur. Were I going into the business, and free to 
choose my location, I presume I should not pitch my 
tent near this city. I should look further. I think 
most of tastes and means could be accommodated in 
some of the four counties named, or it may be in this, 
or the others adjoining the western tier. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., 1801. J. T. Elliott. 
DAIRYING IN CHEMUNG. 
the churns. Butter made of cream only was declared 
inferior in taste and quality to that made of both 
milk and cream. Fifty of the eighty firkins packed 
during the season were ranged along the sides of the 
cellar; — they were each covered only by a cloth, and 
the air kept from the butter by the brine. Mrs. C., 
who superintended all, and salted and worked the 
butter herself, assured me she did not belabor and 
bespatter the butter as I think most dairy women do, 
bnt with a small ladle thoroughly stirred it over and 
then let it stand. This was repeated three times; 
after the third time the brine would ooze out free 
from the buttermilk and the butter was ready for 
packing. The salt used is known as the Liverpool, 
and the ladle was certainly a small affair; it quite 
amazed me when I first saw it, until after the explana¬ 
tion in regard to the working of the butter, when, 
with a quiet pride, the lady showed the indentures 
worn by her mother's thumb and forefinger, who had 
used it through a series of years before bequeathing 
it to her daughter.'' 
I said to a pleasant looking, rosy cheeked girl on 
the back stoop, "Do you milk?’’ “Yes,'' said she, 
"seven;'’ and Mr. C. said an hour was allowed for 
each seven, and the cows were milked in rotation — 
that is, a particular one was milked first each time 
and each cow knew her turn and place. “And have 
you no trouble in getting help?” I asked, knowing 
how averse all the girls in and about my own town 
were to milking. "Oh no!” said Mrs. C., "none in 
the least, and 1 have good girls. I keep two; they 
usually stay until they marry. I pay twelve shillings 
per week.” And from the reading matter lying in 
the dining room, and which I was told belonged to 
the girls, I knew they were intelligent and compan¬ 
ionable, while their mistress was a woman who would 
command respect and be at ease in any society in our 
country. Klie invested her labor and calling with a 
dignity I never before thought it could possess, and I 
felt how much more pleasure she bestowed upon her 
visitors than if she had placed her labor lower in the 
scale of importance and sighed for some higher 
sphere of usefulness while performing her present 
duties, as if they were burdens to be endured under 
existing circumstances. l. 
they secure during the night. What is to become of 
them, and where will these worms be next year? 
These are important questions. h. c. a. 
Erie Co., N. Y., Aug. 19, 
1861. 
PLOWING IN CLOVER. 
It was something more than four years since cousin 
had taken upon herself the care of the “ cottage ” and 
dairy of a thriving young farmer in Chemung county, 
though she had been often heard to declare she 
"would never marry a farmer.” I had never visited 
her, but now, on a gray and misty morning, after a 
tiresome ride on the cars, I sat beside this same 
farmer and was being rapidly driven toward his 
home. It proved to be, not really a cottage, bnt an 
old fashioned farm house; hut roses there had been, 
in their season, and the late autumn flowers still 
gayly adorned the front yard. 
I was greeted warmly at the threshold by tny now 
matronly cousin, and ushered into the ample rooms 
of her home. Then came sundry Inquiries, and the 
requisite answers,— the little scraps of family news, 
and last, but not least, came "the baby" tattling up 
to be caressed and complimented. 
Of the many tlilBgs which called for my friend’s 
care and interest, 1 knew one took up a large share— 
the Dairy. I asked, "Does the yearling of four 
summers ago still perform his duties submissively?” 
" Yes,” was the answer, " lie is at work now.” And 
I was called to a neat, ceiled room, back of the 
kitchen, where stood two half barrel churns, full of 
milk, and their respective dashers slowly moving up 
arid down. 
"But he works very slow.” "Yes; one churn is 
finished before the other, then be works faster.” 
“ How long is the butter coming at this rate?” 
"Two hours." "Why does the butter in one churn 
gather so much sooner than the other ?” " The bot¬ 
tom of one of the dashers has been bored through 
with an anger; the other is whole and does its work 
quicker.” 
Then I remembered a conversation with a theoreti¬ 
cal friend, who, on looking at milk through a micro¬ 
scope, saw the little globules of butter inclosed as it 
were in sacs. These sacs, said he, must be broken 
•before the butter can be gathered. A man in New 
York city thinks lie has the right idea, and makes 
the milk pass between two cylinders, so getting 
butter immediately. But why may not the old fash¬ 
ioned way of beating be the best Jf machinery can 
lighten the labor, as we should be surer of reaching 
all the particles? — and, I thought, here is good 
evidence of that,—when milk is beaten with ft whole 
board the globules of butter are broken faster than 
when a part of the milk escapes through auger holes 
in the dasher. 
" But. where is the power?” said I. " Look through 
the window,' 1 said the serving maid — and there waB 
the "yearling” lazily treading a horizontal wheel, 
which was connected by cogs to another wheel, amt 
so power conveyed to the lever that worked the 
dashers. 1 suggested that a few turnips ought to he 
hung np just beyond the reach of his nose, then 
perhaps he might travel with a hope and quicken bis 
steps. 
From thence I was escorted to the milk cellar. 
Now I had always seen milk put into pans, and 
placed upon shelves one above another; but here it 
was in eight quart pails and stood upon the stone 
floor. In another part of the room were the fruits of 
the summer's labor — fifteen firkins evenly packed; 
the golden luxury was plainly visible through the 
cloth covering, which, with the brine, was the only 
protection from the air. On a table, beneath a win¬ 
dow looking out on a pleasant prospect northward, 
stood two large bowls of unworked butter. 
“How many cows do you inilk?” “Eighteen.” 
"And who milks?” "Calvin and Mary” —the 
hired help. Nine apiece, mused I. I have known 
boys in Monroe county who thought it a hard thing 
to milk three or four. 
The State Fair had been held at Elmira the week 
previous, and an acquaintance of cousin's had been 
awarded a premium on a lot of butter — which cousin 
assured me was a super-excellent article, and that 
butter of their stamp brought two or three cents 
above the usual market price in New Y'ork — and 
it was promised me I should visit there and see for 
myself. 
A few days later and we rode through the enter¬ 
prising town of Elmira — then the rendezvous of 
ununiformed companies, save their own "Wide 
Awakes” and " Little Giants” — and some six miles 
further down the Chemung, we drove up to an 
unostentatious farm house, but which possessed an 
air of both comfort and independence. Before it 
was but an unvarying plain, stretching to the river, 
beyond which lay the rongh upland of Wellsburg. 
On the other hand was a landscape of rolling pastur¬ 
ages, hounded by the blue bills in the misty distance. 
Here was a dairy of thirty-niue cows, and three 
churns under motion, with a nice sorrel pony treading 
the Bame old fashioned machinery. The milk was 
strained into pails and set on the cellar floor until 
sour, when both cream and milk were poured into 
LETTER FROM KANSAS. 
CROPS — PROSPECTS — INDUCEMENTS TO SETTLERS. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —In your last week’s 
paper, Oscar Berry asks Information in regard to 
plowing in a large crop of clover. In reply 1 will 
say that, having just finished plowing in a piece of 
"tall clover” for a neighbor, to his entire satis¬ 
faction, I will tell how it wa9 done. The soil is a 
fine gravel, and had a good growth of the large kind 
of clover. First—it was harrowed the same way 
that it was plowed, to comb the snarl* out. That 
which was badly twisted was dragged twice. A 
good iron-beam plow with a sharp cutter, and a short 
chain attached to the end of the beam and dragging 
in the furrow, holds the heads of the clover or weeds 
down, and a good furrow will bury them nicely. 
The weight of the chain maybe varied according to 
circumstances. Then roll to settle the farrows down 
and prevent the harrow from tearing up the clover. 
The team that I used is a pair of "eleven hundred” 
horses, which have seen a quarter of a century, and 
have been accustomed to plowing eight inches deep. 
Try it, Mr. Berry, and give us the result. 
Alden, Erie Co., N. Y., 1801. J. M. Stilson. 
^grintlfcural Societies. 
! 
AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS FOR 1861. 
spirit of tbe 
Eos. Rural New-Yorker: — Thinking, perhaps, 
many of the numerous readers of your invaluable 
journal might be interested in a brief communica¬ 
tion from Western Kansas, I have concluded to give 
you a short sketch of the condition of affairs, more 
especially in regard to the prospects of the farmer in 
this far-off region of the mighty, vast, and illimitable 
West. 
The prospective present season foran abundant crop 
here, cannot be excelled anywhere. The fact that 
Kansas the past your was visited by one of the most 
scvorc drouths that has, perhaps, ever visited any 
port ion of the Western country, haB had the tendency 
to stimulate our farmers to redouble their exertions. 
Every foot of laud that was broken ready for cultiva¬ 
tion, was planted with something, while thousands of 
acres of the virgin soil were broken tliiB past spring 
and planted in com, which now promises an excel¬ 
lent yield — much of it will yield from (50 to 70 bush¬ 
els per acre. Wheat, both fall and spring, has 
turned out an excellent crop—a heavy yield and of 
fair quality. Early planted corn is now safe, and is 
very heavy. Later planted corn will yet require rain 
to make a heavy crop. Rye, oats, and barley were 
also very good crops. The potato crop is also excel¬ 
lent; and as to onions, beets, beans, pumpkins, 
squashes, mellons, &c., I believe that Kansas will 
beat the world this year. 
This great prospect of plenty has instilled new life 
and energy into the poor Kansas farmer, who the past 
year was forced to stem the current of failure in all 
his crops. We are also blessed the present year with 
an abundant crop of wild fruit, such as strawberries, 
gooseberries, choke cherries, grapes, and plums. 
We have several varieties of wild grape here; some 
that are ripe now, but will continue on the vine if not 
disturbed until frost; then we have the fall and win¬ 
ter varieties, both of excellent quality. I am inclined 
to the opinion that the grape could be cultivated here 
with great success, and it is the present, determina¬ 
tion of many experienced in the business to make the 
trial on Kansas soil. I believe the soil and climate 
of Kansas to he well adapted to fruit raising gene¬ 
rally: at any rate, young trees seem to do excellently 
so far. W hat we want here is a few hundred practi¬ 
cal Eastern fruit raisers. They wonld set the Horti¬ 
cultural Ball in motion, and stimulate our present 
class of farmers to action on this important matter. 
And here permit me to say that we have "room” 
for many thousands of good, industrious farmers, 
mechanics, and laborers to emigrate to and settle 
among us. They would meet with a hearty welcome 
and receive an ample reward for their labor. There 
are thousands of acres of as rich and fertile lands now 
lying subject to entry by settlers, on the waters of the 
Smoky IIill. Republican, Saline, Solomon, and Bine 
Rivers, in Western Kansas, as ever laid out of doors, 
with plenty of timber adjacent, and any amountof the 
best of lime rock, for building material, with innumer¬ 
able springs and brooks of clear, cool, running water, 
interspersed throughout the whole entire country, 
together with many other great natural advantages 
to the farmer, mechanic, horticulturist and stock 
raiser. Eastern people, desirous of changing their 
location and removing West,, would not regret a visit 
at least to Western Kansas, and they then would 
become convinced that this hasty and impartial 
sketch is not an exaggeration of the facts, 
Kenton. Davis Co., Kansas, Aug. 13. 1861. 
Wm. II. McKinley. 
Flowing In Buckwheat. 
Is buckwheat a good fertilizer, plowed in when 
it is in blossom? If so, how long Bhould it remain 
before it will do to sow another crop? How much 
seed should be sown to the acre?” These questions 
are asked the Boston Cultivator by a correspondent. 
The editor replies:—"It is a common idea that buck¬ 
wheat plowed in, fertilizes the land, and we will not 
deny that such in some oases is the effect, but we have 
never seen proof of it, although we have seen many 
crops plowed in. To settle the question, it would be 
necessary to leave portions of a field without plowing 
in the crop. The fairest way would be to have the 
field laid off in lots, with the buckwheat plowed in 
on every other one, and the other lots left without 
anything. We were called the other day to look at 
the grass on some land where a very heavy crop of 
buckwheat was plowed in while in blossom lust year. 
The grass-seed was sown soon after the buckwheat 
was plowed in. It has really done nothing, although 
other grass, on each side of the buckwheat piece, in 
the same field, has grown well. That on the buck¬ 
wheat ground looks yellow, and has hardly made 
height enough in the whole season to bo cut with ft 
scythe. We shall be glad to learn the results of any 
careful experiments in regard to the question.” 
Value of Cows. 
The American Farmer lays down the following 
method for arriving at the cash value of cows offered 
in market as milkers: 
If two cows were put up at public sale, one of 
which would give six quarts of milk dally for ten 
months, aud the other twelve on the same food, the 
former would find probably many more purchasers at 
$20 than the latter at $50. Let us see whether such 
an estimate of value js correct. Suppose the cost of 
feeding to be 15 cents per day for 866 days, the coat 
of keeping each con will be $54.75 ft year. Estimate 
the milk at 4 C^^JP^'^iyirt for 300 days, and we have 
from the six quart cow $72.00 in value, from the 
other $144.00—from the former $17.25 above cost of 
feeding, from the latter $80.25. Now, if one of our 
boy readers will cipher ont the following sum he will 
find the answer readily: 
If a cow giving ? 17.25 net profit be worth $20.00, 
what will one giving $83.25 be worth. 
$17.25 : $20.00::$89.25=103.47, making the twelve 
quart cow worth $103.47. 
Or if she be considered worth but $50.00, then the 
other would he worth hut $0.00, as appears from the 
following proportion: 
$80.25 : $.50.00:: $17.25 =$0.66. 
Subjoined we give a list, of the State, Provincial, County, 
and Local Agricultural Fairs for 1861, so far as ascertained. 
The list has been carefully compiled from our exchanges, 
correspondence, etc., and though by no means complete, 
compares favorably with that of iBst year, considering that a 
less number of States are represented, and that the War has 
caused many Societies to omit their usual Exhibitions. It is 
gratifying to observe, however, that the Societies in the 
great Free States which usually have a goodly number of 
Shows—such as New York, Ohio. Illinois, ptc.,—seem to be 
little affected by the times, their lists comparing favorably 
with those of former seasons. As the successful pursuit of 
the Peaceful Art is of paramount importance at all times, we 
trust the Wsr excitement will not prevent the Agriculturist* 
of the Country from sustaining their organizations and exhi¬ 
bitions in a creditable manner. 
NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL FAIRS. 
National Horse Show, Ottawa, Ill....Sept. 3— 6 
Canada West. London_Sept. 24—27 
New Brunswick, Sussex..........Oct. 1— 4 
STATE FAIRS. 
New York, Watertown.. Sept. 17—20 
Ohio. Dayton____......Sept. 10—13 
Michigan. Detroit.......Sept. 24—27 
Illinois, Chicago_____Sept. 9—14 
Iowa. Iowa City_Sept. 24—27 
Kentucky, Louisville...Sept 17—2t 
Minnesota. St. Paul.....Sept., 21—27 
Vermont, Rutland____Sept. 10—13 
California, Sacramento........Sept. 16—21 
Oregon. Oregon Citv. ...Oct. 1— 4 
Milwaukee Ag. and Mech. Association....Sept. 2— 6 
IOWA. 
Mahaska, Oskaloosa.Sept 17, is 
Harrison, Magnolia.Oct. 9, lo 
Benton. Vinton___ ...Oct £, j 
Van Rnren Knosauqua__Oct. 10, H 
Marshall. Marshall. Oct, 11, 
Crawrord. I'ennisOD.....Oct, 12, 13 
Clinton, Wheatland______Sept. 18—iq 
Bremer, Waverly.. .Oct. 3, { 
Washington. Washington..Sept. 17—li 
Union Fair, Wheatland...Sept. 18—9, 
Marion. Knoxville ..._ _ Oct. 1— 
PottnwaMomie, Council Bluffs.. Sept, 18, y, 
Dubuque, Dubuque... —.Sept 4— ?, 
Uhicaxaw. New Hampton.. Sept 25, 28 
Wayne. Corydon_ ...Oct 4, 5 
.Tones, Anamosa___ ...Oct 2— 1 
Page, Clarinda_Sept 19, 2fi 
Hamilton, Webster Citv __...Oct 17, 18 
Tima, Toledo.... ...Oct. 9, In 
Jackson, Andrew... Sept. IS —20 
Lido, Cedar Rapids_....-Sept. 24—26 
Black Hawk. Waterloo.... Sept 12, 13 
Montgomery, Frankfort. ...Oct. 1 
Onto Gordo, Mason City.Sept 25—27 
Guthrie. Guthrie Center.Oct, 2— 3 
Davis, Bloomfield___-..,..Oct. 4, 5 
Johnson, Iowa City. Sept. 5, 6 
Jackson, Andrew_Sept 18—20 
Alamakee, Waukon_-___ 
Clayton. Garnavilol_ ..Oct. 
COUNTY FAIRS.—NF.W YORK. 
Chautauqua, Jamestown.Sept. 17—19 | Jackson. Albion 
Genesee, Batavia_ Sept. 18, 19 
Jefferson. Watertown..__ Sept.. 10 , 11 
Lewis, Lowvillo. Sept. 11—13 
Livingston. Geneseo__ ....Sept. 24, 25 
Monroe, Rochester.. Sept. 26, 27 
Ontario, Canandaigua...__ Sept 25—27 
Steuben. Bath . Sept. 18—20 
St Lawrence, Canton.... Sept. 25—27 
Delaware. Hobart.. Sept. 18—20 
Chennngo, Norwich__ ......Sept 10—12 
Oneida, Rome............._..._Sept. 10—12 
Albany, Albany.. .......Oct. 1— 4 
Broome. Binghamton .. ....Sept. 10—12 
Cattaraugus, Little Valley...Sept. 11—13 
Cayuga, Auburn......Oct 1— 3 
C lintou, Plattsburgh...Sept 
Cortland, Homer Sept. 11—13 
Columbia. Chatham Four Corners...Sept 
Dutcheta. Washington Hollow...Sept 10—12 
Erie. Buffalo.. .:.Sept 11—13 
Essex, Elizabethtown ,. .Oct. 3, 4 
Franklin. Mitlono . Sept. 11, 12 
Fulton, Johnstown.....Sept. 25, 26 
Herkimer, Little Falls_.... 
Madison, Hamilton.__..__Sept.25—27 
Niagara, Lock port....... ..... 
Oswego, Mexico _....___.......Sept. 10 —12 
Oswego, Oswego Falls_Oct. 2— 4 
Otsego, Cooperstown______ 
Omnge, Goshen........ Sept 17—19 
Orleans, Medina. Sept 27, 28 
Putnam. Carmel..........__.. Sept. 24—26 
QtteeDs, Flushing_..._..Oct. 3 
Rensselaer. I.nnamgburgh_ Sept. 2 —6 
Schuyler, Wutkin*___..... 
Saratoga, Saratoga Springs_.....Sept. 3— 6 
Tompkins. Ithaca_ 
Ulster, Kingston...Sept. 25—27 
Westchester, Mt. Vernon..Sept 24—26 
Wayne. Clyde.... 
Yates, Penn Van......Sept, 26—28 
Wyoming, Warsaw........Sept. 25, 26 
NKW YORK UNION AND TOWN FAIRS. 
Canaxeraga, Dansville......Oct. 2. 
Careuovla, Caxnnovia ...Oct. X, 
Chautauqua Union, Frodonla....Sept. 4- 
Dryden, Dryden_......-....Sept 26, 
Gouvcrneur. Gouverneur.......Sopt. 12, 
MICHIGAN. 
Berrien North, St. Joseph.......Sept 18—20 
Calhoun, Marshall....Oct. 8 —10 
Ionia. Ionia_ Oct. 2— i 
Jackson. Jackson.... Sept. 25—2' 
Kent, Grand Rapids_Oct, 2— 1 
Lapeer. Lapeer.......Sept 24—26 
Macomb. Romeo_..Oct. 2— J 
Ottawa. I.amont__......Sept 19, 2 t> 
Shiawassee, Owosso_ ..Oct. 9—11 
Washtenaw, Ann Arbor....Sept 18—2' 
WISCONSIN. 
Radar. Viroqua.....Sept, 9—11 
Dodge, Mantorville___Sept. 24, 25 
Jefferson, Lake Mills__Sept. IS—19 
Jackson. Albion_____Sept 18, 15 
Lafayette. Darlington___Sept. 25, 26 
Racine, Union Grove....Sept. 17—19 
Richland. Richland Center...Sept 21, 22 
Winnebago, Oshkosh __-.Sept. 18. 19 
Crawford, Prairie du Chien...Sept 17—19 
Green Lake, Markesan ..—Oct. 2, 8 
INDIANA. 
Posey. New Harmony_.......Oct. 1—5 
Switzerland, Enterprise.__Sept. 17—20 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
Barnstable, Barnstable....._...-Oct. 8 
Bristol. Taunton. ....Oct 1 
Bristol Central, Myricka._... 
Berkshire, Pittsfield__ — Oct 1 
Essex, South Danvers......Sept 24 
Franklin, Greenfield .......Sept 26 
Hnusatonic. Great Barrington__Sept 25 
Hampshire. Franklin, and Hampden, Northamp 
ton...I...Oct. 3 
Hampshire. Amherst --. Oct. 10 
Hampden, Springfield....Sept 19 
Hampden East, Palmer..._...Sept. 17 
Highland, Middlefield.Sept 12 
Hoosio Valley. North Adams...Sept. 17 
Middlesex, Concord ....._Sept. 19 
Middlesex South, Framingham_Sept 17 
Middlesex North. Lowell...'..Sept 12 
Martha'*. Vineyard, West Tisbury_Oct. 15 
Nantucket Nantucket......Oct. 10 
Norfolk. Dedham ____Sept. 24. 
Plymouth, Bridgewater.Oct. 3 
Worcester, Worcester....Oct. 1 
Worcester West. Barre.Sept. 26 
Worcester North, FitchVurgh...Sept. 24 
Worcester South, Sturbridge..Oct. 4 
Worcester Southeast, Milford_Oct. 8 
25 
Ridgeway Union, Medina .....Sept. 11—13 
Skaneatelea. Skaneateles........Oct. 8 , 9 
Tonuwanda Yalluv, Attica..Sept. 18, 19 
Trmnansbtirg, Trunmnsburg..Sept. 25, 26 
Wilson, Wilson..Oct. 9, 10 
Susquehanna Valley, Unadilla..Sept. 26, 27 
Oxford, Oxford........Sept. 23—25 
Alton. Afton.. . .Sept. 18, 19 
Union, Deposit__......Sept. 18, 19 
Palmyra Union, Palmyra...Oct 2 — 4 
Seneca Falls, Seneca Falla.....S^jit 24—26 
Adams I ulon, Adams...Sept. 11, 12 
Aurora Union, Aurora... ...—Sept. 24, 25 
Brookfield, (Rockville . .Sept. 24, 28 
smithfield, Smithtield.... - ■ -Sept 5, 6 
Virgil, Virgil.Sept 19—21 
Brockjwrt Brockporl...Oet. 1, 2 
Ciienaugn Union, East Randolph....Oct. 3— 5 
Galen, Clyde ...-----Oct. 10, 11 
Genesee Valley, Nunda--- 
Little Falls, Utile Fulls.Oct, 2— 4 
SpringviUe Union....... .-...Sept. 18, 19 
VERMONT. 
Addison, Mlddlebnry.Sept. 4, 
Franklin Union, Enst Berkshire ---Sept. 18, 
Rutland, Rutland .......-Oct 2, 
Wilmington, Wilmington .. Oct. 8 
Windham, Newfane.,. ..Oct 2, 
CONNECTICUT. 
Falls Village Union.___ 
Fairfield, Bridgeport.. 
Ilousatonic, New Milford_ 
In other words, while the twelve quart cow gives 
only twice the quantity of milk, she is worth five 
times as much money, estimating with reference 
solely to milk. The presumption, however, is that 
the cow giving the smaller quantity wonld be worth 
much more for beef at the end of the ten months, 
and this is to be considered in the estimate of money 
value. It may be bio that the smaller quantity of 
milk will yield a larger proportion of hotter, aud if 
so, this too, where butter is an object, is to be con¬ 
sidered. Rut, after all, it will be found that in nine 
cases out of ten we place too low an estimate on the 
good cow as compared with the poor one. 
THE ARMY WORM. 
The army worm lias made its appearance in the 
grain fields around Buflalo, and is committing great 
ravages. I visited several pieces of oats this morn¬ 
ing, tone piece on Maj. R. L, Howard’s farm, lying 
near the lake shore,) and found that the ground was 
covered with the oats they had cut off, the heads 
being completely stripped, and the straw only valu¬ 
able for fodder. They perform their devastation in 
the night, and the sun drives them from the stalk and 
they go into the ground and remain there during the 
day; hut when the dews begin to fall, they come 
forth ju thousands and begin their mighty march. 
When they cross the traveled road, the teams crush 
very many of them. They are about one inch long 
and very lively, and somewhat resemble a caterpillar. 
As soon as the oats are exhausted, it is expected they 
will attack the corn. They seem to like the green 
grain, aud will not touch ripe oats. Now they are 
looking very fat aud sleek. In digging in an ont 
field, about oue foot square, I fonud more than two 
dozen worms. It would appear that during the day 
they digest aud deposit tu the earth the plunder 
The Art of Catching Horses. 
A correspondent of the Valley Farmer truly 
remarks that there are few things more aggravating 
than to lie in a hurry to go to some place, and have 
a great trouble to catch a horse. I have sometimes 
made the assertion that a horse which I raise will 
never be ltard to catch unless some oue else spoils 
him. The way I manage is to keep them gentle 
from colts, handling them as often as convenient. 
When young horses are running to grass, give them 
salt occasionally, aud let them fondle about you, 
making as little show of trying to get hold of them 
as possible. There is nothing surer to spoil a horse 
forever than to run as if trying to hem him in, and 
yelling at him authoritatively, or scolding, when he 
can see, just as well as yon kuow, that be is out of 
your reach. To put on the cap sheaf, whip him 
severely for causing trouble, and my word for it, the 
next time you want to catch him he "will not listen 
to the voice of your charming, charm you never so 
wisely.” 
Horses learn a great deal by signs. In beginning 
to teach them to be caught, go toward them on the 
near side, slowly and cautiously, making no demon¬ 
strations at all. If the animal begins to walk off 
stop, and whistle, or otherwise manifest indifference, 
until he becomes quiet again, then approach as 
before. When you are so close as to be confident he 
will not escape you, speak kindly, and hold up one 
baud, ready to touch him on the withers, and thence 
pass it along the neck until you can get hold of his 
head, but do not seize him with a grab, as this tends 
to excite fear afterwards. By practicing this course, 
using the sign, viz., holding up the hand wheH you 
are a little further away each time, a horse may be 
taught to stop and be caught, even when in a con' 
siderable glee (playing), simply by holding up the 
hand and using some familiar phrase, such as whoa 
boy, &C. 
By way of caution, however, watch his actions 
and intentions closely during his tutoring, and if at 
any time or from any cause you see that he is going 
to run, do not by any means say anything or hold 
up your hand, as the sign given and disobeyed a few 
times will almost inevitably prevent your making 
anything out of it in future. 
3— C 
3— r, 
4- 0 
3- 6 
4- 6 
4- 6 
4— 6 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
Berks, Reading.Sept. 24—26 
Bucks, Newtown__.....Sept- 25, 20 
Columbia, Bloomsburgh.-.Oct. li—19 
Clearfield, Clearfield.Oct. 15—17 
Florence, Florence...__Sept. 18. 19 
Luzerne. Waverly.....Sept. 24—26 
Mercer Mercer_Sept. 17—19 
Montgomery...-.Oct. 1— 3 
Monroe, Stroudsburg . .Oct. 1— 4 
NEW JERSEY. 
Burlington, Bridgtou.....Oct. 1, 2 
Monmouth, Freehold...Sept. 10—P_ 
OHIO. 
Franklin, Columbus...Sept. 
Brown, George to w n......-... — Sept. 
Ashtabula, Jefferson.. .. - Sept. 
Clermont, Olive Branch.Sept. 
Clinton, Wilmington.Kept. 
Madison, Loudon__ .......... Sept. 
Fayette, Washington.......Sept, 
Clermont, Bantam.Sept. 10—13 
Preble, Eaton .-Sept. 16-19 
Portage. Ravenna..._Sept. 18. 19 
Guernsey, Cambridge.—Sept, IS—20 
Crawford, Bncyrus ..Sept. 18—20 
Lake, Painesville.....-.-.Sopt. 19—21 
Geauga, Burton_ Sept. 17—19 
Tuscarawas, Canal Dover.1. - Sept. 22—24 
Morgan, MeConnellHvllle... - Sept. 24—26 
Trumbull. Warren. Sept. 24-26 
Geauga, free, Claridon.Sept 24—26 
Miami, Piqua..Sept. 24—27 
Lucas. Toledo. Sept. 24, 25 
Union, Marysville_... . Sept. 25, 26 
Lorain, Elyria. Sept. 25—27 
Knox. Mi. Vernon........Sept.25—27 
Pickaway, Cireleville.Sept. 25—27 
Jefferson, Steubenville . Sept. 25—27 
Colmnbiaua, New Lisbon.. Sept. 25—27 
Allen, Lima_ Sept. 26—28 
Hancock, Findlay___ Sept. 26—28 
Richland, Mansfield......Oct. 1— 3 
Cuyahoga. Cleveland.........Oct. 1— 3 
Wayne. Wooster____Oct 
Summit, Akron. Oct. 
Carroll, Carrollton.._ Oct. 
Mahoning, Canfield_..._Oct. 
Oosliocton. Coshocton_Oct. 
Shelby, Sidney. Oct. 
Butler, Hamilton....—Oct. 
Clhrk. Springfield- Oct. 
Champaign. Urbans._.... — Oct. 
Seneca, Tiffin_Oct. 
Morrow, Mt- Gilead ..._ Oct. 
Sandusky, Fremont_ Oct. 
Hardin, Kenton. ......Oct. 
Defiance, Defiance... -.Oct. 
Stark, Canton__ .......Oct. 
Harrison, C 8 dist. Oct. 
Van Wert, Van Wert.. Oct. 
Greene, Xenia....... Oct. 
Ashland, Ashland_....... Oct. 
Guernsey, Cambridge —. ..Oct. 
ILLINOIS. 
Knox, Knoxville___ Oct. 
Bureau, PiiDceton.Sept. 24—27 
LaSalle. Ottawa..S*pt- 24-27 
Mercer. MilleraUurg .. Sept. 24—26 
Morgan. Jacksonville. Sept. 3— 6 
Henry, Cambridge.Sept. 4 —6 
Logan, Lincoln...Sept 25—27 
Du Pane, Wheaton.... Sept. 25—27 
Pike. PiK-field..Sept. 25—28 
Mudiann, Edwordsville.........Oct. 1— 4 
Grundy, Morris..-...Oct. 1— 4 
Winnebago, Rockford.....Sept. 1V —2t) 
rr.. x-3i. u'-. S-i,t 17—20 
1— 3 
1— 3 
1— 3 
I— 3 
1— 3 
1— 4 
1- 4 
1— 4 
1— 4 
2- 4 
2- 4 
2— 4 
2- 4 
2 — 4 
2- 4 
2— 4 
3, 4 
8—10 
9-11 
10 , 11 
KENTUCKY. 
Breckinridge. Cloverport___Oct. 
KANSAS. 
Douglas____—......Sept. 
UTAH. 
San Pete, Maroni... 
CANADA. 
West Durham, Newcastle .....-....._..Oct. 
South Ontario, Whitby..Sept. 18 
Fullarton, Logan, and Hilbert, Mitchel_Oct, " 
Russell, Osgoode. Sep 
Iiay Township, Rodgerviite__-.Oct. 
South Wellington and Guelph, Guelph.Oct. 
Perth.Oct. 
Lanark ..---Oct. 
Pickenng. Pickering. ..Oct. 
Smith's Falls...-.-.Oct. 
Ferguson’s Falls_ Oct. 
Cartetou Place_ Nov 
Clayton....Nov. 
Packenham.. Oct. 
Frauktowu... Oct. 
Almonte_---.....—Oct. 
Sand Point .. Oct, 
Renfrew ..... 
Ross ...... 
Pembroke__—--Oct. 
Roseville... 
Arnprinr ..—.—.Oct. 
North Simcoe, Barrie. . ' a “'' 
.Oct 
4 
..Sept. 
18, 
..Oct. 
o 
..Sept. 
27 
..Oct. 
9 
..Oct. 
10 
Oct. 
1 
..Oct. 
& 
..Oct. 
16 
..Oct. 
4 
..Oct. 
1 ft 
..Nov. 
5 
Nov. 
13 
..Oct. 
lit 
..Oct. 
8 
. .Oct. 
31 
..Oct, 
1 
Oct. 
8 
..Oct. 
23 
..Oct. 
16 
..Sept 
12 
..Oct. 
3 
..Sept. 
19 
..Oct. 
4 
— The Wisconsin State Fair has been postponed. 
.Sept. 24, 25 
NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
Cheshire, Kopno.. 
Connecticut Valley, Charlestown... Sept. Ifi—12 
Hillsboro. Milford.Sept. 25, 26 
Merrimack, Concord---Sept. 25 i i 
MAINE. 
Androscoggin, Lewiston_ ...Oct. 1 3 
Kennebec, Readfield.Oct. J, J 11 
Oxford West, Fryeburgh.Oct. 8—10 
..Sept. 11—13 
.Sept. 17—2u 
””...Sept. 26-27 
RHODE ISLAND. 
Society for Encouraaement of Domestic Indus¬ 
try, Show of Flax Cotton, Providence-Sept. 11 
OREGON. 
Lane, Eugene City__—Oct 9, 10 
Marion, Salem___...-Sept. 11, 12 
Multnomah, Portland..—....Oct. 23, 24 
Washington, Hillsboro__Oct. 16, 1. 
Yam Hill, McMinnville. ...Sept. 24, % 
CALIFORNIA. 
Sonoma, Santa Rosa...Sept. 24—27 
Tehama, Red Bluff...Sept. 11 
1-6 
8 , 9 
1— 4 
Union Fair, Warren.Sept. 17—20 
McLean, Bloomington......Sept. 24—28 
Lee. Amboy........—Oct. 8 11 
Warren. Monmouth___Sept, 4 6 
Putnam, Hennepin_......pet. 1— 4 
Monroe. Waterloo__Oct. lo U 
Ogle, Oregon...-.-.Sept. 24—2b 
Peoria, Peoria.....Sept, 3— 6 
DeKalb,Sycamore... .Sept. 18-20 
Stephenson, Freeport..---kept. ~'l ~'l 
Vermillion, Catlin....Oct. 1—5 
Macon. Decatur...Sept, 16—40 
Sangamon, Springfield .....pet. 1, 2 . 
Montgomery, Hillsboro..-.Sept. -4—2^ 
Whiteside, Morrison....—.Sept. 24—27 
Jefferson. Mt. Vernon--Sept. 25—2, 
Kane, Geneva..Sept. 2a—27 
Fulton, CautoD_...--- 
Champaign, Urbaua--- —Sept. 21 24 
Schuyler. Kuehville.Oct 
2 — 0 
A New Grain Binder has been invented and patented by 
Mr. D. W. Ayres, of Iroquois Co., HI., which promises to 
supply a long-sought desideratum. Our attention has been 
called to >t by a friend who has no pecuniary interest in its 
success, but who believes it will prove of great benefit to 
grain growers. An Iroquois Co. paper gives a description o 
the improvement, and the result of a successful public trial 
with the statement of some thirty farmer* who certify 
the binder is all that the inventor claims it to be, and that 
when properly attached and adapted, it is capable of binding, 
in the most perfect manner, to the utmost capacity of any 
reaper now in use. Wire is used for binding at a cost no 
exceeding twenty cents per acre. The invention is sm 
fulfill every requirement of a successful self-bim-er 
operation is simple and easily understood, and it is capab-e 
being attached to any ordinary reaper. 
The Rural's Fall Campaign opens this week, as"' 1 ' ( e 
seen by reference to Publisher s announcement ou sc 
page. AJl who approve and are disposed to second our e 
in furnishing a superior Rural, 1 amili . and Ns." s ' 1 
can materially aid the object in view by making kno 
Trial Terms to friends and neighbors, and receiving am 
warding their subscriptions. 
Large Oaks, &c.— M. S. Summers, of Vermillion, Erie 
Co., Ohio, “tells us about a big thing in Ohio,” in the shape 
of an oak, which is 17 feet 7, l a inches in circumference. 
Now if M. S. Summers will visit Niagara Falls, N. Y., aud 
take a walk or ride out in the east part of the town of 
Niagaia, I can show him an oak tree which measures -0 (>■ 
1 inch in circumference four feet from the ground. As to ‘a 
itl/.e at the height of sixty feet, 1 can not exactly tell, as I -® 
getting rather old and my claws rather dull to climb sm * 
tree. Aud we have also a few more big things in our State, 
New York, in the shape of pigs, not “Guinea pigs" either. 
If M. S. SuMMitaa will call on J. M. Witmer, of the firs uf 
C. n. Witmkk, Sons, & Co., at the Niagara Falls Mill, be will 
show him a couple of pigs, about twenty-two months old, 
measuring around the body as follows: — “Big one, ’ 6 betS 
inches around the body, 7 feet 5 inches in length. ' 
one,” 6 feet 8 inches in circumference, 9 feet 1 h iuches long. 
— David Wjtmer, Niagara, N. Y., 1861. 
Its 
of 
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