-fistful Jneatiffc If. 
MENTAL HYGIENE. 
In a recent issue of the American Journal of In¬ 
sanity, we And an able essay upon this topic from 
the pen of George Cook, and we purpose making 
snc'n extracts as space will permit. The entire 
article is worthy of close pernsal, but its length 
forbids publication in our columns: 
It is only by a careful observance of the early 
peculiarities of disposition and mind in their rela¬ 
tions to the physical constitution, that parents can 
prepare themselves for the enlightened training of 
their children, and arc enabled so to bend the twig 
as to Insure a sound and upright growth. The young 
learn more from example than precept, therefore it 
is essential that their early years should be passed 
within the sacred precincts of a home, surrounded 
by the healthful influences of parental affection, 
which by its own faith and trust in a Heavenly 
Father shall fix in the innermost heart of the child 
that confiding reliance upon a higher power, and 
that instinctive love of truth and goodness which 
serve as a shield against the assaults of trial and 
temptation. 
Children should be early impressed by the routine 
of daily life that there is a place for them in the 
home-circle, ever vacant in their absence, and which 
they arc expected to fill; thus will be developed a 
love of home, the chief corner-stone of health and 
safety to the young. The lives of parents should 
inculcate the all-important lessons of patience and 
self-denial, without which a healthy balance of the 
mental and moral powers is rarely developed. 
Any tendency to unduo nervous development 
should attract the attention, and instead of being 
cherished by parental pride as a mark of precocity 
and promise, shonld give rise to a watchful anxiety; 
and especial care should be taken to retard the early 
growth of this dangerous element. Children require 
much exercise in the open air—the sunlight being 
as essential to their healthy development as it is to 
the healthy growth of plants. Hence the deleterious 
effects of confinement for many boors every day in 
close rooms at home, or in the impure atmosphere 
of school-rooms, by which the growth of bone and 
muscle is retarded, and the nervous system unduly 
stimulated. 
In searching for the causes of mental disease in 
the nnmerous patients now pressing into the asylums 
of our country, the physician is often struck with 
the apparent insufficiency of the one assigned. A 
slight disappointment, reverse in business, religious 
excitement, or some other equally trivial cause, 
which a healthy brain and nervous system should be 
able to encounter without danger, is frequently the 
only immediate cause discoverable on the closest 
examination. Cut a minute history of the whole 
life of such individuals will almost invariably reveal 
remote causes, sometimes hereditary — more fre¬ 
quently, perhaps, the offspring of defective training 
and education. In no small number of those who 
have passed under our observation have we been 
able to trace the mental disease back to the disregard 
of some of the rules given above, and the consequent 
errors which have usurped tjieir place in so many 
minds. We now proceed to speak of these evil 
inilueuces in no caviling spirit, but with an earnest 
desire to contribute, in some degree, to the correc¬ 
tion of what is fast becoming a gigantic and far- 
reaching evil. The fountain, corrupted or embittered 
at its source, fed by impure springs and flowing on 
amidst increasing impurities, will only widen and 
deepen its channel as it passes on with ever-increas¬ 
ing power. Ho with the evil in question, unless 
arrested at, its source, all efforts to hold in check the 
flood of moral turpitude and mental disease which 
is sweeping over our country, will meet with but 
partial success. 
Albert Smith was one day boasting, in the presence 
of Douglas Jerrold, that lie and Lamartine always 
rowed in the sumo boat. "Oh yes,” replied the wit, 
“hut with very different sort Of sculls/” The point 
of Jerrold’s wit loses none of its sharpness when 
turned against many parents of the present day. It 
would be well for them to remember that, though in 
the providence of the Creator they aro rowing in the 
same boat with their children, they may not, all have 
the same sort of sculls, it is a sad truth that too 
many parents give no thought whatever to this 
matter; they cannot see why there should be such 
differences in the character and disposition of their 
children, when they subject them all alike to the 
same system, or rather no-system of government. 
The high-spirited, impulsive and excitable child is 
governed in the same manner as the meek and re¬ 
tiring one, or more frequently he is left to his own 
self-will and inclinations. 
KEROSENE EXPLOSIONS. 
The following communication was sent to the 
Boston Courier by Dr. Jackson, State A ssayer, in 
answer to an inquiry by the editor of that paper 
"Why some Kerosene explodes?” The Doctor’s 
reply is as follows: 
t l would state that in the production of this oil, 
there are also formed light and volatile oils, which 
are very explosive. One is well known under the 
name of Kerosoline, a fluid volatile as ether. A 
careful manufacturer removes all this volatile oil 
from his Kerosene, by exposing it to a heat sufficient 
to evaporate it; but others allow it to remain, or 
purposely mix it in, for the purpose of making their 
oil burn more freely and without smoke. It is mixed 
also with the lubricating oils, which otherwise will 
not burn without smoke, and thus they are able to 
sell that oil for illuminating purposes. I have not 
seen any samples of Kerosene adulterated with oil 
of turpentine, though there may have been such. 
The rock oil, or petroleum, now so abundant, 
yields also a heavy non-explosive oil (oil of naptha), 
and a very volatile and explosive one (naptha). 
A careless manufacturer may omit to remove 
this explosive oil from his distilled rock oil, and 
thus leave it in a very dangerous state for the 
consumer. 
Hamples of Kerosene oil were sent to me by one 
of our insurance companies, to learn if it was as safe 
to UHe in a factory as whale oil. I found those sam¬ 
ples were explosive, and so reported at the time, and 
the party wishing to substitute: that oil for the whale 
oil was not permitted to do so by the company. 
Generally one may distinguish the explosive mix¬ 
tures by the smell, there being little or no odor to 
the heavy oil, while the volatile ones have a strong 
smell; but the crucial test i9 most readily applied by 
placing a vial, partly filled with the oil to be tried, 
in some warm water—say at 100 Fah.—and applying 
a match to the mouth of the vial. If a volatile oil 
of a dangerous character is present, it will inflame. 
■ ' ■ 
Ski. E 
-*3k 
VASSAR FEMALE OOLLEGE. 
In the RruAL New-Yorker of Jan. 26th last, we 
gave an extended notice of the Female College pro¬ 
posed by Matthew Vassar, Esq., of Poughkeepsie. 
1 tie Institution has since been chartered by the Legis¬ 
lature, and amply endowed by Mr. Vassar— he having 
transferred to a Board of Trustees Four Hundred 
Thousand Dollars to build and endow a College, 
designed, in the language of its charter, "to promote 
the Education of Young Women in Literature, Sci¬ 
ence, and the Arts.” At a subsequent meeting of the 
Trustees, arrangements and contracts were made for 
the erection of the College Buildings; and in accord¬ 
ance therewith, ground was broken and the founda¬ 
tion commenced early in June. 
Our engraving gives a view of the College edifice. 
It was designed by J. Renwick, Jr., from plans fur¬ 
nished by Prof. Milo P. Jewett, now President, of 
the Institution. The building is to be of brick, four 
stories high, with capacity to accommodate 300 stu¬ 
dents, each having her own separate sleeping room. 
It will contain a Chapel, Library. Art Gallery, Lec¬ 
ture and Recitation Rooms, etc. It will be abundantly 
supplied with pure, soft water, lighted with gas, and 
heated by steam. It will bo nearly fire proof. The 
location is about a mile and a half east of the city of 
Poughkeepsie, on grounds embracing two hundred 
acres in extent. The cost of the buildingB, including 
the laying out of the grounds, is estimated at from 
$180,000 to $200,000. 
In the munificence of both the gift and endow¬ 
ment, and in the vast importance of the result 
intended to be secured, the " Vassar Female College ” 
§ural §hw-f(<diet. 
NEWS DEPARTMENT. 
m 
“ O, Stab-Spa tmurn Banner! the Flag of our pride! 
Though trampled tiy traitors aud basely defied, 
Fling out to the,glad winds your K»d, White and Blue, 
For the heart of the North-land Is beating for you! 
And her strong arm is nerving to strike with a will, 
Till the foe and his boastings are humbled and still 1 
Here's welcome to wounding, and combat, and scars, 
And the glory of death—for the Stripes and the Stars!” 
ROCHESTER, N. Y., SEPT EM RER 7, 1861. 
THE WAR’S PROGRESS. 
facts, scenes, incidents, etc. 
Pen Portraits l>y KuhhcII. 
Wm. n. Russell, Regular correspondent of the 
Loudon Times, has been trying his hand at por¬ 
traiture, and we give the following delineations of 
certain celebrities he has met at Washington: 
Abraham Lincoln.— What a change since the heir 
of England stood there by the side of one who may 
prove to be the last President of the United States— 
united, at, least, as a voluntary entirety! The feeble 
courtliness of Mr. Buchanau is replaced by the 
straight forward purpose and energy of Mr. Lincoln, 
on whose broad shoulders has fallen the grievous 
legacy of tiis predecessor’s vacillation and errors; 
and the letters, dispatches, and messages which nur 
tured civil war are succeeded by speeches to armed 
legions, who are about to end it by conquest or in 
defeat. It is probable the English public are already 
familiar with the Hues of the sallow, long, and 
strongly marked face of the present President, which 
to me is indicative of shrewdness, honesty, and some 
love of humor; the eyes are deeply set, dark, not very 
bright, but, penetrating and kindly; the tall, lank 
body, set on long, loose legs, witli powerful arms 
swinging by his sides, is inclined with a slight Btoop 
forward, and in his movements, if there be not much 
grace, there is no lack of vigor. 
Winfibi.o Scott — Wm. li. Seward. —Beside him, 
(Mr. Lincoln,) towering over the crowd and topping 
eves the President, stands General Scott, the veteran, 
but for whom it is not too much to say, in spite of 
lieaven-born warriors and citizen soldiers in civil 
life, just as Cabinets exist in the militia and volun¬ 
teer regiments, the President would probably not be 
there at all. The bold, leonine front of the man, the 
massive head and broad forehead, the full, flue eye, 
the month broad and distinctly cot, and the square, 
resolute chin arrest attention and recall the types of 
some better known commanders; but Americans are 
justly proud of one who, in a military career extending 
beyond half a century, has been uniformly successful, 
and who has not been less fortunate in any diplomatic 
or political functions be has undertaken to discharge. 
The Virginians, who burnt the house in which be 
was born, lest it should see the birth of another 
traitor, and who changed the name of a county in 
their State called after him, to that of Davis, will uot 
do him any barm with posterity, llis look and man¬ 
ner indicate that his mind is still vigorous, though 
the enows of seveutysoX winters have wreathed their 
honors round his brow: but when the tower-like 
frame and great torso are set in motion, there is a 
feebleness in gait and a want of power in the limbs 
which show that age, and wounds, and hard labor, 
have taken their hostages and securities. When one 
turns to the keen, clear face of Mr. Seward, strongly 
will be a monument to its noble-hearted founder more 
enduring than the pyramids. As we said in the former 
notice of this beneficent enterprise, when the plan 
shall have been carried out, it gives to the purposes 
of female education one of the best endowments on 
this continent, if not in the world. The design is to 
pay salaries high enough to command the best teach¬ 
ers in the country, and also all the educational facili¬ 
ties requisite to carry the instruction to the highest 
practicable point. We Congratulate our female read¬ 
ers on the prospective endowment of an institution of 
learning for their benefit, which Khali secure to their 
sex all the advantages given by the best endowed 
Colleges in the land. Ladies have often complained 
that they had uot the educational opportunities fur¬ 
nished to men. The design of this munificente.Odow- 
ment is to remove this reproach, and give to females 
an opportunity to carry their studies to the highest 
point, under the ablest teachers, who shall be spe¬ 
cially devoted to individual branches of learning. 
Like Peter Coovkb, Mr. Vassar proposes to become 
his own executor, and endow and establish this insti¬ 
tution while he himself ia alive and able to attend to 
the realization of bis own views. IIow much better 
to take tliis course than for him to hold on witli a 
miserly grasp to his property till his last breath, and 
put the labor and thought of carrying out his views 
upon executors after he could use his wealth no 
longer. We hope an example so excellent as that of 
Mr. Vassar, may be followed by many. There are 
not a dozen institutions of learning or charity in 
the country which are adequately endowed. 
reminding us of Mr. Douglas Jerrold, the contrast 
between the military character, as developed in the 
principal support of the Cabinet and the Union, and 
the civilian elemeut displayed lu the statesman who 
is considered to lie the best politician for American 
purposes in the Ministry, is very striking. 
Irvin McDoweu..— Gen. McDowell was Bitting 
with some officers before his tent under tin: trees 
which shaded the place from the sun. lie is a man 
in the prime of life, some forty and odd years of age, 
very powerfully built, witli a kindly, honest, soldierly 
expression in face and manners; and it was pleasant 
to seq that, though lie was not proud of being 
“ whipped,” there was no dejection other than that, a 
man should fee! who her e heateu by his enemy, 
but who knows he has done his duty. Originally lie 
had proposed a series of operations different from 
those which were actually adopted, and his disposi¬ 
tion for the advance of his*columns after the scheme 
of attack was decided upon were careful and elaborate. 
But he miscalculated somewhat the powers of regular 
troops. All his subsequent operations word vitiated 
by the impossibility of gaining the points fixed on 
for the first day’s march, and General Tyler, who 
who engaged somewhat too seriously with the enemy 
on the left at Bull Run on Thursday before the battle, 
in making what was a mere reconnouanee, put them on 
the alert and hastened up Johnson. The General was 
kind enough to go over the plans of the attack with 
me, and to acquaint me witli the dispositions he had 
made for carrying out the orders he had received 
to make it, and to my poor judgment they 
were judicious and clear. With the maps laid out 
on the table before his tent lie traced the movements 
of the various columns from the commencement of 
offensive measures to the disastrous advance upon 
Mmiussas. It was evident that the Confederate Gene 
rain either were informed or divined the general 
object of his plun, which was, in fact, to effect a turn¬ 
ing movement of ills center and right, while his left 
menaced their right on Bull Run, and to get around 
their left altogether; for they had, soon after he 
moved, advanced their columns to meet him, and 
brought on an engagement, which he was obliged to 
accept on ground and at a time where and when he 
had not contemplated fighting. The initial failure 
Of the movement took place several days earlier, whon 
his columns were late on the march, though ample 
time had been allowed to them, so ttiat, instead of 
getting to Centerville and to the Run, he was obliged 
to halt at Fairfax Court House, and to lose another 
day in occupying the positions which ought to have 
been taken when he first ad vanned. 
The New Srate of Kanawha. 
On the 20th ult, the Convention of delegates 
from the loyal counties in Western Virginia, sitting 
at, Wheeling, passed au ordinance, by a vote of 50 to 
2H, establishing a new State, composed of thirty-nine 
counties of Virginia, where the Union feeling is 
unmistakably predominant, and lying west of the 
chain of the Alleghany mountains, the extremft 
Southern point being about the latitude of 37° 20'. 
The ordinance provides that certain adjoining coun¬ 
ties may he annexed, if they vote so to do. The 
counties included within the boundaries of the new 
State, according to the Census of 1860, had a popu¬ 
lation of ‘281,786, divided as follows: 
Logan_4.038 I Barbour__8 950 
Wyoming_ 2,SW5 | Upshur .. 7 292 
Balr:gU . 
Fayette__ . 5 907 
Nicholas__4,62(1 
3,367 Harrison ..13 7!K) 
Lewis.7.999 
Bmxton... 4 902 
Webster__ 1,355 Clay. 1,787 
Randolph.. 4.990 Kanawha ...14,076 
Tucker. 1,428 Boone ... 4.840 
Preston. 13,312 Wayne. 6.747 
Monongalia_13,048 Cabell_ 8.020 
Marion .12,721 Putnam _ 0.301 
Taylor.. . 7.463 Mason .... 0.186 
Jackson_ 8,306 Wood_ 11,040 
Roanoke_ _ 8 048 Plea-lints___ 2 945 
Calhoun. 2.502 Tth-e... 6.517 
Wirt... 3 751 Doddridge..5,203 
Gilmer . 3.769 Weturt . 0 703 
Ritchie_ 6 847 Marshall. 13.001 
Ohio....22,422 Hancock.4,446 
Brooke___ 6,494 - 
Total papulation... .281,786 
In 1861, the population of Virginia was 1,503,199, 
including 495,826 slaves. Not more than eight or 
tefi thousand of these slaves were within the counties 
now included in the new State, so that Virginia 
would lose about one-fourth of her white inhabitants. 
And it is more than probable that she would lose 
still more, as her present position is so repugnant to 
thousands along the border of this new State that 
they would gladly join it. The fertile territory along 
the Ohio will induce many loyal settlers to that 
region, whose increase tu population has been more 
rapid during the past ten years than that of any 
other portion of Virginia. The action of the Con¬ 
vention awaits the sanction of the Federal Govern¬ 
ment. 
The DiMiifl'cctiuii in the Army. 
The intelligent correspondent of the N. V. Post, 
at Washington, writes thus concerning the disaffec¬ 
tion recently exhibited;—" A word respecting the 
disaffection in three or four regiments. The public 
must not imagine that there is serious disaffection in 
the army. Such is not the fact, for it is confined to 
a very few regiments, and in those the unfortunate 
state of things can easily be accounted for, In some 
instances, the men were suffering grievances hard to 
bear in silence, hut in no case which has yet come to 
light was the Government at fault. In every case, 
the fault lies with the regimental officers. Rome Of 
the men have bitterly complained that their wives 
aud children were starving nt home while they were 
defending the country — and starving because the 
Government had not paid them their dues. Iri every 
such case, the fault was in the regimental officers 
who neglected to prepare the pay rolls. General 
McClellan, who is fully determined on enforcing 
discipline iu the army, will nevertheless remedy 
every real grievance, and he lias ordered the most 
rigid examination into the causes of insubordination 
that they may bo abolished straightway, if possible. 
For the present, but one course is before him -to 
enforce obedience, for the salvation of the Country 
depends upon it; but, on the other hand, no soldier 
need fear that any injustice will be done him, fur 
only the incorrigibly insubordinate will be severely 
punished, and the great, mass of onr troops hero are 
anxious that the cowardly and refractory among 
them, of whom there are but few, shall be sent away 
to serve their country in some other way than on the 
field of battle.” 
flow to Get Treasury Notes. 
The accompanying circular has been prepared 
with a view to obviate the necessity of replying by 
written letter to the very numerous inquiries from all 
sections of the country, as to the manner of subscrib¬ 
ing for Treasury Notes, <Vc.: 
OVKioB op tub Assistant Tubas, it. S .,) 
New York, Aug. 26, 1861. j 
Institutions or individuals wishing to subscribe for 
the three years' 7 3-10 per cent. United States Treas¬ 
ury Notes, can do so at tills office, in the following 
Way and upon the following terms: 
1 . Payment must, lie made in gold at. the time of 
Subscribing. The amount, to tie paid Is the principal 
of (lie notes desired, together with interest on the 
same at the rate of one cent,, per day on each $50, 
from the 19th of August, (the time fixed for the date 
of all the notes, and when interest, upon them com 
mences to run) up to the time whon the gold is paid. 
Where the subscriber resides out of the city, and has 
no agent in Now York, lie mav make payment, by 
draft payable here in favor of John J. Cisco, Assis¬ 
tant, Treasurer of the United States, which draft must 
bp for the principal and interest as above, from the 
said 19th of August, up to the day of its collection. 
2 . Upon Mm receipt of payment, a certificate iu 
duplicate will be given or sent, the original of which 
certificate most ho forwarded to the, Secretary of the 
Treasury at Washington, together with a letter, speci¬ 
fying in w I nit. denominations the notes are required. 
The denominations issued will be $50, $100, $500, 
$1,000, and $5,000. The notes will then be sent from 
Hie flop irtment In Washington to any address 
requested, as soon as they an- ready, which will in 
no case la; earlier than tin; I0(,l) of September. The 
duplicate certificate is to be retained by the party 
subscribing, as a voucher. 
3. The notes will be made to the order of the party 
named in the certificate of deposit. They will have 
semi annual interest coupons attached, payable when 
tine at the Treasury at Washington, or nt. the office of 
any of the Assistant Treasurers of the United Bintes, 
t hese coupons can be collected without the produc¬ 
tion of the notes themselves. Tito last coupon will 
lie paid with the uote. 
t. These notes may tie exchanged, at any time 
before, or at the maturity thereof, for an equivalent, 
amount of United States -ix per cent, bonds, having 
twenty years to run. This, however, can only be 
done when they are presented in sums not less than 
John J. Cisco, 
Assistant Treasurer United States. 
Extracts from the Hoot hern I*root. 
Northern Mechanics Missep, —The Richmond 
Whig says: It is humiliating to see the railroad 
track in Main street, which was laid in so great a 
hurry, remaining unused, and to be reminded that 
the reason why it is not used Is, that no persons 
hereabouts can make a car adapted to the transpor¬ 
tation of passengers. If suitable cars cannot be 
obtained, why not put a few Jersey wagons on the 
route, and let the people ride? 
KitectiveneSs op Cavalry, — The Charleston 
Mercury, noticing the attention the U. H. Govern¬ 
ment is now paying to the raising of cavalry, says: 
The meaning of this is clear. The enemy have 
discovered their weakness in a want of cavalry. 
They have learnt that cannon alone are not sufficient 
for the emergencies of a battle field. Had they pos¬ 
sessed a strong force of cavalry, the battle would 
have been won by them, and our forces would have 
been cut to pieces. Had we, on the contrary, 
brought upon the field 5,000 horses, Washington 
would now have been ours. The battle on both 
sides was just In that posture when a heavy force of 
cavalry on either side would have lost or won. A part 
from the inexcusable brevity of our numbers, the 
great defect at the battle of Bull Run was ttie want 
of cavalry. What were five hundred men to capture 
eighty thousand? 
" A Limited Monarchy.” —Governor Brown, of 
Georgia, him been in a quarrel witli President Davis 
for some time, upon conflicting points of military 
jurisdiction, between State and Confederate author¬ 
ity. Tins quarrel culminated on the 2d ult., in the 
disbanding at Atlanta of a brigade commanded by 
General Phillips- Governor Brown " improved” the 
occasion to denounce Jeff. Davis & Co. in the follow¬ 
ing style: 
He regretted to see so many indications of a dispo¬ 
sition ou the part of many persons under the new 
Government, to ignore the great doctrine of State 
Rights, and to treat the States which are the very 
authors of its existence, and which have infused 
breath into its nostrils, as its mere provinces or tie- 
pendencies. During the war he was willing to yield 
everything which could he yielded without a viola¬ 
tion of an important principle, hut he Jeared, at the 
end of the contest, that the great. battle of Slate sov¬ 
ereignty, which wus fought at the revolution of 1776, 
had to be fought over again. 
We have now, as then, two classes of statesmen, 
each sustained by many followers. The one class 
desirous of a strong central Government, probably 
preferring, if they did nut fear to risk an avowal of 
their sentiments, a Limited Monarchy, similar to 
that op Great Britain, or other form of govern¬ 
ment which will accomplish the same object under 
a different name. 
He warned the people of Georgia and of the 
South, to watch with a jealous eye, and to oppose 
with determined hostility, every effort, whether by 
construction or by bold usurpation of powers, which 
may he made by those in authority, or by those 
seeking position, to consolidate the power of the 
people into the hands of the few, or to destroy State 
sovereignty, and build upon its ruins either a Mon- 
AKchY or a Consolidated Aristocracy. 
Bloody Riot among Southern Soldiers.— The 
Memphis Appeal of the 1 Ith nit. says that the riot at 
Grand Junction, on Friday, was a serious affair, and 
might have been stilt more disastrous but for the 
firmness and bravery of the commander of the brig¬ 
ade, Col. HonlaUowski, who, we are informed, shot 
down some of the men that refused to submit to his 
authority. We learn that when at Holly Springs, 
the men by some nieiltia got ftcce 38 u barrel of 
whisky. They knocked out the head add drank 
immoderately. The worst consequences followed. 
The men, who were traveling in box oars, indulged 
in the worst extravngauces-even, it is stated, going 
so far as to throw their bayonets at each other. One 
man was thrown from the platform, cutting off an 
arm and a leg. On leaving the cars at Grand Junc¬ 
tion, open mutiny broke out, and the men turned 
against each other with perfect ferocity, entirely dis¬ 
regarding the authority of the officers, until the 
determined conduct of Col. Houlakowski compelled 
a return to military rule. Home of the men took 
shelter in the Percey Hotel, the doors of which were 
immediately assailed with the hntts of muskets, axes, 
and whatever else could he found to answer the pur¬ 
poses of a battering-ram. They soon succeeded in 
smashing in all the doors, blinds and sash, when 
they rushed in like a mob of infuriated devils, and 
commenced an indiscriminate destruction of the 
hotel furniture and everything they could lay their 
hands on. The officers then used firearms to quell 
the riot, and killed fourteen and wounded many 
others. The hotel looks like a hospital after a hard- 
fought battle. The dead and wounded are strewn 
all over the second floor, ami the groans of the suffer¬ 
ing are terrible. After destroying the furniture and 
breaking all that they could about the house, two 
unsuccessful attempts were made to lire it. The 
surgeon, I)r. Henry, says that there are three or four 
that will die during the day. 
A Hly Djuvrcfi.—The Richmond Whig suggests 
that the usual emblems of external mourning be 
dispensed witli by those who have lost relatives who 
were bravely sustaining their country’s rigiri. and In 
this met with a glorious death. The reasons for the 
suggestion are, that it would give our streets and 
churches a distressing and gloomy aspect, that, mauy 
families cannot afford it, and the loss of father, hus¬ 
band or brother is not, under the circumstances, 
cause for that bitterness of mourning which attends 
the ordinary dispensations of Providence, because 
the gloom is brightened by the glory of triumph in 
tiie discharge of the holiest obligation of duty. 
Sickness in the Southern Army. —The Charles¬ 
ton Courier has a letter from Richmond of the 11th 
ult., saying tAore is a great deal of sickness in the 
army. It Is said that at Charlottesville and Culpep¬ 
per there are over 3,000 ill. A great many have 
been brought sick from this city, and at Norfolk and 
Yotktowu there is more disease than with us. 
Measles has swept aud is sweeping through every 
division of the army. 
Tub South Forced to Role the North.— The 
Richmond ( Va.) Whig of a late date has the follow¬ 
ing effiisitin: 
The Yankees arc a very little better than Chinese. 
They lay the same stress on the jingle of their dollars 
that the Celestials do on the noise of their gongs. 
Originally endowed with no single amiable trait, 
tlmy luvvc cultivated the arts of money getting and 
cheating, until gain has become their god, and they 
imagine it to be omnipotent. With money in their 
pockets, won from a generous and chivalrous race, 
and multitudinous as Norway rats, they are swollen 
with conceit, and they fancied they were lit for 
empire. And yet they do not possess one gentle¬ 
manly attribute, nor a single talent that qualifies 
them for war. Of tin: very first elements, they are 
destitute. They don’t even know how to ride a 
horse, a talent, only to he acquired in youth and 
genteel avocation. And, as to armies, ninety nine 
out of a hundred never shot a gun, and wo have it 
on very good authority that Old Scott tost all patience 
in attempting to teach them how to load a gun. The 
vile old wretch! He reaps a just reward for his trea¬ 
son and talents misapplied. 
The break-down of the Yankees, their utter unfit¬ 
ness for empire, forces dominion upon us of the 
South. We are compelled to take the Bcepter, and 
it is our duty to prepare ourselves to wield it with 
dignity and effect. We must elevate our race, every 
man of it—breed them up to arras—to command—to 
empire. The art military should constitute a leading 
part In every white Rian’s education. The right of 
voters should be a high privilege, to be enjoyed only 
l»y those who aro worthy to exorcise it. In a word, 
the whole white population of the South should be 
wrought into a high-toned aristocracy, duly im- 
pre-sed witli a sense of its superiority to Yankee 
trickery, and of its own functions, and its obligation 
to freedom and civilization. 
A Hhamk.— The Augusta Chronicle says: — It is a 
shame, and wo think, too, a gross mismanagement, 
that the flower of Georgia’s well trained soldiery, 
and only one regiment, was sent into North-western 
Virginia, into the very midst of tories, to meet Lin¬ 
coln’s best soldiers — the North-western men — under 
Lincoln’s best General — McClellan — unsupported 
except by the almost raw Virginia Militia. 
Our Forts in New Mexico. 
The Cincinnati Enquirer of the 27th ult., gives 
the following in relation to affairs in New Mexico: 
The politeness of Lieutenant Paul, of the United 
States Army, has enabled us to lay before our readers 
late arid disastrous intelligence from New Mexico. 
The information is contained in a letter received by 
him from his step-brother, Mr. A. H. Rogers, who is 
now with Major G, R. Paul, iu Fort Union. We are 
permitted to make the following extract. The letter 
is dated the fifth of August: 
“ Mujor Lynd, who is in command at Fort Fill¬ 
more, understood that there was a large body of 
Texans around, and he sent a detachment of 306 
regulars to attack. They were defeated and retreated 
to the fort. The Texans then marched upon the fort, 
when Major Lynd destroyed and abandoned it, rfad 
marched to Fort Htanton, where lie again met the 
Texans, aud surrendered his whole force, 1,000 men. 
Major G. R. Paul, commanding Fort Union, expected 
to be attacked every moment, but he has fortified all 
the available positions upon the surrounding heights. 
He is determined to defend it to the last, and in the 
event, of not being able to maintain it, he will burn 
it and retreat.” 
| It was the veteran 7th U. S. Regiment which snr- 
