TTgRICUlTURF ' 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND PARTLY JOURNAL 
variations more marked, eittier for better or worse, 
so long will it be the duty of the farmer, the gardener 
and the stock-grower to take advantage of these 
differences for constant and permanent progress, by 
using for propagation only the best. This is the 
system pursued by the breed¬ 
er of stock in obtaining all , A ,, 
onr fine breeds of animals; . UA'uJ 
by the gardener and florist WlwBJ y 
in producing onr choice veg- 'W 1 iff 1 
etables and beautiful flowers; . 
but it is too often ignored by Vri) 'Wj. Jjf / 
the farmer and by those who <Y\ i fff/ 4 
produce farm seeds. ^KM 
Mr. H \ llktt, of England, Vfmitw } 
has for four years ex peri- #V J 
mooted with wheat, saving 1 ^ 
and planting the best head 'yf}\ 
produced, as seed for the \ 
next year’s crop, lie com- 
menced with what is known V v % ■**- y’ 
as tlio Nursery Wheat, shown 
in the engraving, and the im- \ 'l 
provetnent every successive 
year resulted the last liar- 
vest fn the monstrous head 
shown, with fifteen sets on ' 
each side of the rachis, each VwyJ 
with from four to five grains, yfST/ 
making over one hundred V a j a V^lj. / Wj J 
grains. The London / »ar- 
dcnrr'x Chronicle, after show- 
ing the great improvement. 
full account of the expert- 
ments of Mr. H ai.lett, : rom 
which we make the follow- 
Now, the purpose of this . 
long preamble is to intro- 
of an acre) where the seed had been dibbled a foot 
apart in every way, at the rate of four and a half 
pints per acre—and of the crops on two adjacent 
fields, the one dibbled at the rate of one peck per 
acre, and the othor drilled in the ordinary way, at 
the rate of six pecks per acre. 
The interesting point in Mr. Hallett’s wheat, how¬ 
ever, is not the extraordinary character of individual 
specimens this might he tho result of an accidental 
concurrence of fortunate circumstances it is the 
fact that this character lias been inherited. It is 
now the fourth year since Mr. Hallett commenced 
the careful cultivation of the wheat plant. Com¬ 
mencing with an ear of Nursery Wheat four years 
ago, he has year by year selected most carefully the 
produce of the finest ears as seed for the next year’s 
crop, and improving every successive harvest, he 
has at length more than doubled the size of the 
original ears. 
What a careful register be has preserved of all his 
doings—how intensely tho Influence of “individual 
oversight and care” has been exerted is plain from 
the plan before ns of his experimental plot, where 
the position of every seed, the number of ears the 
plant derived from it has yielded, aud tho value and 
history of particular ears are recorded. We have in 
this plan an exact account of the successive towb A, 
B, C, Ac.; and of their successive plants A 1, A 2, 
A 3, Ac. Aud the following Is a summary of some 
of these rows: 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
CHAS. 33. BKAQDON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
The Rural New-Yorker is (tesifmed to be nnsHrpaasod in 
Value. Pnrlty, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the BupervlRian or it* canons departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rra*t. ati eminently 
Reliable Guide on all the important Practical. Scientific and 
other Subjects intimately connected with the business nf those 
whose Interests it zealously advocates. As a Family Joitrxa l 
it is eminently Instructive and Entertaining — heimr so con¬ 
ducted that it can be safely taken to tho Hearts and Homes or 
people of Intelligence, taste and dincrimlnation It embrace* 
more Agricultural. Horticultural, Scientific, Educational. 
MICHIGAN STATE PAIR. 
And then follows a calculation founded on the “ rule 
of three,” from which it appears that the produce is 
equal to 1,001,880 ears per acre, and that 500,000 
grains of wheat or thereabouts filling a bushel, it 
only needs an average of f>5 grains of wheat per ear 
to produce 100 bushels per acre, whereas the average 
number of grains on two of the poorer plants were 
79 grains per edk. 
A calculation of this kind, however, is of little 
agricultural value; but the thing which is of immense 
agricultural value Is that a “pedigree” wheat will 
hand down tho character of its ancestry—and if 
through a number of generations good qualities 
have been exhibited, those qualities will be certainly 
handed down, and tho produce will make an effort 
to develop them, even in unfavorable circumstances, 
i’erhaps the extreme detail of Mr. llallett's superin¬ 
tendence during tho progress of his experiment will 
best be gathered from the following letter with which 
we have been favored from him since our visit to his 
farm, where we were not fortunate enough to meet 
On entering the Pair Grounds — pleasantly located 
on the “ Cass Farm,” about two miles from the 
center of the city—we were surprised at the striking 
contrast, in Beveral respects, to the appearance of the 
Provincial Show, the previous morning. The first 
sight was unfavorable—the old buildings, Ac., 
•ontrasting poorly with the fine new ones at London. 
Our next surprise was to find the ordinarily “ outside 
shows ” on the inside, and occupying very prominent 
positions, with venders of notsrnms alongside. 
" Friends and brethren” of the Michigan State Ag. 
Society, “these things ought not to be ”—for, even 
though they jmy, temporarily, yon cannot, in the 
long run, afford to thus add to your receipts, nor 
can any kindred association. 
FLOWERS AND FRUITS. 
Oar first view of the Exhibition proper was in 
Flobal Hali,. This was finely decorated, the fes¬ 
toons of evergreens being vc-ry tastefully arranged. 
The display of Flowers, however, was limited, 
though their arrangement was excellent. The show 
of Dahlias was fine, and prominent; of hot-house 
plants and floral ornaments, somewhat meagre. 
Messrs. Hcbiiard & Davis, Detroit, made the largest 
floral display, though Wm. Adair and John Ford, 
of the same place, had a fine assortment of cut 
flowers and bouquets. Mrs. Anna C. Sherwood, of 
Detroit, was the principal amateur contributor, and 
made a very creditable exhibition of cat flowers and 
hardy annuals. Cut flowers, floral ornaments, Ac., I 
were also shown by Mrs. T. T. Lyon, Mrs. B. Hunter, I 
JliBS E. Castekton, and others. A fine specimen of 
the Cohea «<■ undent (a remarkably rapid growing and 
beautiful climber,) was exhibited by J. W. Knurr, 
Detroit, who also had a show of hot-house plants, 
seedling panzies, Ac. The Hall also comprised well- 
arranged, though small displays of Pianos and 
Melodeons, Sewing Machines, Pine Cone and Worsted 
work, Paintings, Drawings, Daguerreotypes, speci¬ 
mens of Penmanship, Ac. Two Landscapes by 
Hart, and one by Church — exhibited by Philo 
Parsons, Esq., Detroit —were the chief attraction 
among the paintings. The whole display was ar¬ 
ranged in a very tasteful and unique manner. A 
Tank Aquariom in the center of the Hall, gome 
twelve feet square, stocked with lake fish, (supplied 
hy Geo. Clark, of Ecorse, ) and a fountain playing, 
was the great attaction. 
The Fruit was shown in a spacious tent —too 
spacious for the amount, though the display was fair 
in quality, and good for the season. Mr. T. T. Lyon, 
of Plymouth, a prominent exhibitor, said the show 
was only about half in quantity, compared with last 
year, and far below in quality — yet we thought it 
included many fine sneeimena n t 
11 1 now send you in a case with lid (fastened with 
a screw, over which is my seal), some of my very 
finest ears, among them the original from which the 
engraving was taken. I must ask you to bear in 
mind, however, that my drawing was made early in 
July, and while accurately faithful as to the number 
of sets and length, is not accurate as to the details 
of the chaff-glumes, as is 
the drawing (unfinished) 
which I made yesterday of what I consider my best 
ear, in fact the best I ever saw. This drawing is a 
fac-simile of this ear, up one side of which are 63 
grains. It has 15 ’sets,'the bottom one containing 
4 grains, the next 5 grains, and the two next sets 6 
grains each. It is this latter characteristic which I 
am now endeavoring to develop, as this, combined 
with number of sets, will give far greater produce 
than mere length. The ear Z K7, for instance, con¬ 
tains 123 grains, while A 17, the original of the 
engraving, contains but 118, so far as one can be 
sure of, but it was gathered so early that it is difficult 
to say exactly if there might not have been two or 
three more. I send you, however, its fellow ear (see 
the other A 17), to show what it would have been if 
allowed to he matured. . No other long ear, however, 
exceeds 108 or 110. 
“ A 5 (li t grains) is of the same length as Z 87, 
and like it in general character—the sets 15 in num¬ 
ber and closer together. 
“As tile ‘stool’ Z 87, from which the ear repre¬ 
sented in the accompanying drawing is taken, is the 
1 stool’ with whloh I start afresh this year, I am 
afraid to send you the original, lest any accident 
might happen; hut the drawing Is accuracy itself. I 
measured all the lengths with the compasses. My 
intention iB to use this ear as my present starting 
point, starting again next year with the Btool from 
that one of its grains which proves itself', upon 
counting the whole, to be the best. “ Will the grains 
from the sets containing six produce more sets of 
six than the others? I shall try this. 
“While upon this point, let me remark, that 
having found an ear this year which by some means 
had in coming into ear lost its upper half, I noticed 
that the result of the sap of the whole ear being 
concentrated upon half of it was that this was de¬ 
veloped to an extraordinary degree iwith very full 
‘sixes,’ and an attempted seventh in a set. This 
suggests to me to try next year the cutting off, say 
in March, from a ‘stool,’ every stem but one, con- 
PEDIGREE WHEAT. 
All are familiar with horses, cattle and Bheep 
with long and puzzling pedigrees, and even men 
sometimes boast of the position and virtues of their 
fathers, g. f., and g. g. f. But wheat with a pedigree 
seems to be something new under the sun, where, 
according to Solouon, nothing new is to be antici¬ 
pated, Pedigree, according to the lexicographers, 
means lineage, or the line of ancestors from which 
a person or tribe descends, and, whether properly 
applied to grain or not, we arc not responsible for 
such use, for so we find it in our European journals, 
and an improved wheat with this title, of monstrous 
growth, advertised and recommended by the highest 
English authorities. 
Nothing ia more ridiculous than to consume the 
earliest and best grains aud vegetables, and save those 
which are the latest and poorest, and about worthless, 
for seed; and yet this is too often the course prac¬ 
ticed by farmers who save their owu seeds; and if 
some of our extensive seed-growers do not pursue 
the same system, we are at a loss to account for 
many failures with ruta bugaa, c inliflowers, Ae. It 
was once, and, for aught we know, may now be the 
practice with some to plant the smallest potatoes— 
selling the best, dividing the Becond quality between 
themselves and the fattiug pigs, and planting the 
poorest. This course may answer for a time or two, 
but if followed, especially on rather light land, will 
produce “pedigree” potatoes in a regular line of 
descent, for they will grow Binaller and smaller. 
As long as “like produces like,” with certain gen¬ 
eral and slight variations, and occasionally with 
nursery wheat. pedigree wheat. 
duce the announcement that there is snch a thing as 
a “Pedigree Wheat” Probably all good sorts 
originating in single selected ears, have more or less 
a pedigree—a certain proportion of the produce has 
each year been rejected as inferior, and from the 
remainder only, the grain has been derived which is 
ultimately offered in the seed market. We have, 
however, lately made the acquaintance, find, in the 
advertising columns of our agricultural papers, and 
latterly in tho fields where the crop was being cut, 
of a true “pedigree” wheat. The enormous ear 
represented, which looks like an object in the micro¬ 
scope, Is the fairly drawn portrait of an ear which 
we have in our hand as we write. The lowest set of 
florets shown in the figure has been broken off—It 
was gathered early and before being fully ripe, in 
older that it might be sketched, and it has somewhat 
shrunk, not, however, more than a quarter of an 
inch ia length, and correspondingly in width. The 
sets are generally of five graiim each, four at either 
end, and there are fifteen sets on each side of the 
rachis. It is probably the most extraordinary ear 
of wheat that was ever grown. We have, however, 
a box before us containing many ears of fourteen 
seta on either side, and containing from ninety to 
one hundred and fourteen grains in each. And 
having been over Mr. Uallett’s garden and wheat 
fields, at the Manor House, Brighton, we can vouch i 
for the extraordinary character of the plants which 
occupied the garden plot (about the fourteenth part 
Rows. 
Plants or 
Stools. 
Ears. 
MI sues. 
Ears par 
Plant or 
Stool. 
A. 
14 
400 
28K 
B . 
11 
282 
1 
2 b'A 
C . 
9 
206 
5 
23 
D . 
15 
342 
23 
E. 
14 
322 
_ 
23 
F . 
14 
276 
_ 
20 
G . 
14 
306 
22 
H. 
12 
817 
2 
26H 
1 . 
13 
304 
• 1 
23 Jt 
J _ 
14 
430 
— 
30>2 
Total . 
130 
_3184 
9 
23 
