•o -cRu 
A ORICUL TURf 
[SINGLFC NO. IFOUIC ORRST-TS, 
! WHOLE NO. 014 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WSKKLT 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAJtfILY JOURNAL. 
I believe the greatest trouble, or objection to the 
Hawthorn, is its vigorous growth, being much more 
vigorous here than in Eugland. T have looked lor a 
good field hedge in half the counties of this State, 
in New Jersey, Michigan, Iudiana, Illinois, Wiscon¬ 
sin and Canada West, but have not found one. 
Enoch Williams. 
Codmer, Niagara Co., N. Y., Oct. 7,1801. 
Some fine species of yellow clover are cultivated to 
some extent in Europe, though but two are Consid¬ 
ered of any agricultural value in England. Trifoll- 
nm procumbent and V. JUiforme and even these are 
not highly prized, except for laud so poor ns to be 
unable to bear a crop of the better clovers and grasses. 
Mr. Gorrik, of Mid Lothian, writes, T.procumbens is 
of very little agricultural value, although common 
throughout Great Britain, in poor, dry, gravelly and 
rocky soils. It is very liable to mildew, which often 
give# it an uusightly appearance early in the season, 
and at best it ripens its seeds and becomes withered 
up about the end of June.-’ Of T. JUiforme lie says: 
“ This is a common species on dry, gravelly and 
stony plan s. It has been recommended for growing 
on such pi ices as it naturally frequents, aud which 
are incapab!-of supporting the more valuable grasses 
and clovers.'* George Brntuam, Esq., writes in the 
Cyclopedia of Agriculture : “ 7'. proaunbma is the 
larger plant and more generally cultivated, affording 
excellent foruge, though limited in quantity.” 
We rather think, from the description given-by our 
correspondent, that the plant he refers to, and which 
yielded so well, was not a yellow clover, but Medica- 
go lupuliwt, or Black Medick, which from some resem¬ 
blance in the (lowers is often confounded with it, 
even in England, but is really a much better plant 
for forage. It is a fibrous rooted perennial, common 
in good loamy pastures, where it forms, with other 
plants, a thick sward. The pods are short, black, 
twisted andarrranged in oblong heads. We shall be 
• rt.M.- * jivvlut will sand u.m upeci 
mens for examination. 
The remarks on the subject of Heroes, in the main, 
arc timely and truthful. We cannot say we have 
never seen a good hedge in this country, but we have 
Been a hundred poor, miserable things for every toler¬ 
ably good one. Indeed, we can now call to mind but 
two that wo consider respectable. Perhaps our cli¬ 
mate is not favorable,but the greatest difficulty is with 
the people. Wc are too careless and too impatient. 
We hear much said of the ease of making a hedge in 
England, but wo can assure our readers that with 
such care as we generally give our hedges, a good 
one would never be made in that oountry. There the 
hedge when young is cultivated more thoroughly 
than we cultivate our corn or potatoes, while the 
pruning is regular and systematic, aud such at every 
stage as experience has proved to he the best. 
Plashing we have always helieved should be resort 
ed to only for remedying bad early training, or acci¬ 
dental damage, and not as a system to be recom¬ 
mended. When a hedge is mado of snitable plants 
and properly set and cared for, plashing will be un¬ 
necessary. The form recommended by our corres¬ 
pondent is better than the straight wall which we 
sometimes see, but the best form is that shown in the 
engraving, fig. 2, on a regular slope from the ground 
to the top. 
departments of the exhibition made the following yet, and entirely misapprehends the character of 
impressions: their wants. He wants to learn. There are further 
the cattle herds. notes on swine in our note-hook, which will be aired 
In the Cattle department the show of Devons was when we have more time and space, 
large, and embraced many lino animals. There were, sheep-mules—horses. 
however, hut two or three herds that came in compe- The ghow of Shfc . ep wft8 meagr0 imleed . There 
tition Bent’s, Kimball's and Wasuuon's. I find were a few good pen8 of Spani8h , and doW n in too 
that Devons are highly regarded here, aud arc grow- doM proxirility to a mud-bole, in another part of 
ing in favor as a breed adapted to this climate and th(; d( were aonie respectable French Merinoes; 
these extended prairie ranges. It is not a little but there wa8 nothlug note-worthy in this depart- 
significaut, that in the sweep-stakes, the premium ^ 
offered for the "beat bull of all breeds ” was given to Jac ' k|} and Muleg ftr0 growiug in favor and in 
tho only Devon bull entered- ho competing with a number hWo> j noticed some excellent teams of the 
half score of Short-horns, many of which were excel- { ftm , ;i few ood Jackgi 
lent animals. In the judgment of the writer, how- ^ ^ of horwm wa8 uot )arge> but 80me excel . 
ever, this bull merited the premium. It was gi veu the , onl ftnlmft ls were IJ0tic( . d in the ring. 
line throe-years-old bull “ Victor , }1 got by 44 Megunti- 
cook,” and bred by F. Kimball of Iowa City. There fruit and farm products. 
were some fine Short-horns here, both males and The exhibition of Fruit was a line ouo, particularly 
females, and there were grades of all B orts and of a PP lea anJ grapes. A few excellent specimens of 
conditions. pears were found. The grapes were mainly Catawba, 
8wine of all sorts. Isabella, Concord, and Clinton, with a few Dela- 
The show of Bwitic was large, embracing Suffolka, wares, Fox grapes, and straggling bunches of some 
Chester Whites, the Magee breed, Yorkshires, Ac., or the newer Horts. With some, the Concord is 
Ac. I find that, the larger breeds are liked best here, growing in favor—indeed tho writer talked with but 
aud most sought after. The Magee hog —so named one gentleman who did not esteem It very highly, 
because they combine the effort and improvements of Dr. Kimball of Iowa City told me he intended to 
Magee of Ohio, during a long series of years- is in cut off every one of his Cfttawbas, Isabellas, and 
great favor among tho swine herds of the Uawkeye Clintons, and graft tho Concord thereon. I find that 
State. They are a long-bodied, rather long-limbed this opinion of tho Concord Is obtaining fast hold 
animal, with plenty of hair, (black and white,) and wherever it is known. Bi el Foster of Muscatine 
“meat up,” when fed, rapidly and well, at all points speaks highly of the Diana. 
where flesh ought to he deposited on a model hog. There were a few samples of grain, and some 
It is claimed that with tho same feed more pork can excellent, samples of wheat and seed on exhibition; 
be made from them than with any other breed. The a few vegetables, some good sampleB of butter, 
Chester Whites on exhibition were receiving a good cheese, and bread, and an endless variety of pre¬ 
deal of attention. L. L. Smith of Poweshiek Co., nerves, jellies, and canned fruit. The writer tasted 
and W. H. Furman of Linn Co., exhibited the finest some excellent samples of butter, and the bread on 
animals of this breed. The former was soiling pigs exhibition merited high commendation, 
seven weeks old at $20 each. Ho had swiue twenty- 
seven months old that would weigh between six and „„ , 
seven hundred each. The stock of each of these of '^‘cult|a Machinery was not large, 
gentlemen were equally good. Drcbe o Moline Ill., cR.b.tcd his celebrated plows, 
(on which ho took several first premiums,) and Kkum 
The Chester Whites have been considerably talked of Davenport, a fine lot of Uawkeye Ware of the 
of, and there has been, without any reasonable doubt, 8am(J 80rt . Ucro wftB Vaughn’s popular Corn-Shel- 
more swindling done on tlielr account, than that of any i er> Pitt’s Threshers, Pringle's Agricultural Steam 
other breed of swine in the country. I find “ Chester Boiler, and Cook’s Sugar Cane Evaporator in full 
Whites” on tho railroad, iu freight cars, at stations, operation; the latter supplied by cane juice from a 
in wagons going into tho country, and in the pig stys Galesburg, Ill., Mill. And Ball’s, Kirby’s, the 
of enterprising Suckers, Badgers, and Hawkcyus, Buckeye, and Manny’s Reapers aud Mowers were 
that are no more Chester Whites than are Went- standing hero ready to receive the attention of the 
worth s crosses ol Sullolks and Prairie rooters. Committee appointed to award a premium to some 
l hat there in an improved breed of hogs called quo of them without any trial whatever—a farce 
“Chester Whites,” there is no doubt whatever. The wMoh wa „ again enacted, with results unknown to 
writer has seen them. But that all that are sold as Die writer and of no consequence to the public, but 
“Chester Whites” are entitled to Unit name in any disgraceful to the Agricultural Society which tole- 
way, is a question already nettled; they are not. The nideg H1U .|, practices, 
writer has seen swine sent hither from Ohio, purport¬ 
ing to be of this breed, that are Very distantly related A grain bindlr. 
to say the least —forty-seventh cousins probably. There was one machine which attracted consider- 
And it will be but a brief space before there will he a abb! a,tentlon > an<1 trin, ‘ Dial we could gather of 
swarm of swine peddlers, podding Chester Whites, farmerB P reacnt who had uaed !t » merited al1 that 
all through the country. One or two have been received * We refer to a aim P ,e ’ * et nondescript ma- 
heardof. Beware of them! chine, called Burbon’s Grain Binder. This binder 
The writer does not desire to say or do anything * 8 al hiclied a r ® a P er > a, ‘d enables one man to bind 
which shall prevent the introduction of and benefits ^ be K ra * n aa aH ^ la delivered to him by the raker, 
which flow from improvements, but ho does desire w ’D»out leaving the platform at all, ft will be at 
to prevent the great loss to the country in the money once a PP arent that thl « not 01ll y ia a K*eat « avin « of 
expended for and distrust created by the purchase of B rain but a K reat aavin K of 1,vbor - Thu material of 
comparatively worthless animals at ten times their w * dcb baD( * made is of small annealed wire, 
value. "How do these Chester Whites feed, com- which costs but a trifle-fifteen or twenty cents worth 
pared with other breeds? Do they eat more in pro- btdn # sufficient to bind an acre ol grain. I he 
portion to the size and weight they obtain?” we sheaves are bound of any size from a diameter of a 
asked of Mr. Smith. He replied that they were good fl uftrtor an inch to one ol Imirtoen inches. It is 
eaters, and by the keen glitter of his eyes and nod not difficult to operate this machine, and an import 
of his head, he said a great deal more. But he said ant advantage which is secured by their use is best 
they were quiet; they eat and lie down, and He down expressed by the language of a farmer who had used 
and eat-often, when they can get in the trough, °? e - and 8aid to tbo writcr ’ “ WlJ havc B (jt these 
lying down in one end of it while they eat the food b ’ rcd 10,3,1 W1 ^‘ tb,dr wages in harvest time in 
in the other end, and vice versa. a tJ 8 ht P lace - sir - The Y can ’ 1 dictatc tcrms to U8 an Y 
Mr. C. D. Bent exhibited Yorkshires which he lon S er - and con, P el ua to 8nmn<Ier at dUcretiOR. 
obtained from Hi ngkuford & Brodik of Jefferson either are we compelled to make slaves of our fami- 
county, N. Y. He is confident they will prove well ^’ es order to Iced a half score of hungry men. We 
adapted to the needs of the Iowa farmer. He thinks can do our harvest with tho help we ordinarily use 
them the finest bred hog of the larger breeds, with on ^he farm, and without waste, too. I hat is about 
less offal; hut he is only starting, and has no results fta conc * 8e a statement of its advantages as a man 
from his experiment. could make. It has now been used two seasons, and 
The Suffolka exhibited by Mr. Kimball merit all experiments have been made with a view to its 
attention. He has the long-bodied, hairy sort, which perfection,and aH suggested Improvements are at once 
Mr. Wentworth is breeding for. His stock was ado P Md ’ if wel1 established. We expect it, or some 
originally obtained of Sherwood of Auburn, New binder ’ wiU become RH t!8acntia l the Western 
York. He is now breeding from a boar purchased l armt * r as tbo rca P el now 
of Simon Ruble of Wisconsin, whom I think I have the plowing matoh. 
before mentioned as bein fe a successful breeder of all In the midst of a chilling, driving rain, we jumped 
kinds of stock. We heard men say that the Buffolks into a wagon with a plow and plowman, to go and 
were not the kind of hogs to rear when corn can be see the Plowing Match. The ground selected was 
grown for ten cents per bushel. Perhaps not, and on the brow and side of a hill which had been re- 
yet has any one tried the experiment of fattening deemed from a hazel thicket. It was stubble land, 
more Suffolks on the same feed, and getting more and not a bad field in which to test the merits of 
aggregate weight from the same amount of corn, in plows and the skill of the plowmen. There were six 
a shorter time, than can be obtained from the coarser or seven entries, and as many plowmen, 
breeds. If this can be done, it ought to be a weighty We have alluded to this match in this connection 
argument in favor of the Suffolks. If a man can simply to call attention to one important matter 
prepare the same amount of food for market in less which has been forced upon our notice by the man- 
time, at the same cost, (perhaps less,) it is an irnpor- nor in which the match was managed by the com- 
tant item. There can he nothing made, especially mittee. It astonished all our ideas of the rules gov- 
near a market, by accomplishing in twelve monthB erning plowing matches. For instance, equal spaces 
only what may he done in six. And certainly the were measured, and stakes driven, which were to be 
Suffolk will be quite as likely to keep fat on extended the center of operations for each team. Then how 
ranges as the larger breeds. Will not some of the to start, and whether to hack-furrow or plow a land, 
Iowa farmers discuss this subject, or at least givo was the question which agitated the committee, the 
their views upon it in the Rural? It may he that decision of which confused and “mixed up” both 
the writer has not found the animus of their practice the committee and exhibitors. Finally, after three 
portion of the crop would now be secured. An 
examination shows that the tubers have attained to 
only about one-half; or at host two-thirds their usual 
size, which not only decreases the number of 
bushels, but the number of salable potatoes in a 
still greater ratio. We saw tho product of an acre 
of Peach Blows measured that yielded only forty- 
eight bushels, yet in June they gave promise of a 
large crop. 
Tho many failures with the potato of late, has 
given rise to various speculations in regard to a 
substitute, but we imagine it will be a long time be¬ 
fore anything will he found to fill the place of this 
valuable esculent. We have just received a letter 
and circular, from Vilmortn A Co., of Paris, Intro¬ 
ducing to our notice the Tuberous Chervil , which 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
Thk Rckal Nkw-Yokkkr is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervlaon of it* various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural an eminently 
Reliable Guide on all the important Practical. Scientific and 
other Subjects Intimately connected with the business of those 
whose interests It zealously advocates. As a Family Journal 
it is eminently Instructive and Entertaining — being so con¬ 
ducted that It can be safely taken to the Hearts and Homes of 
people of Intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific. Educational. 
Literary and News Matter, lnterspeT»i'd with appropriate and 
beautiful Engravings, than any other journal,—rendering 
It the most complete Agricultural, Litbkary and Family 
NKwauAPAR In America. 
YELLOW CLOVER.—HAWTHORN 
Some of our readers will no doubt remember a few 
brief notes in the Rural of August 17th, in response 
to an inquiry accompanying a specimen of yellow 
clover, sent us for name by a subscriber in Kings- 
borough, New York. It appeared in the meadows in 
that section some twelve years ago, and since that 
time has increased so rapidly as to be “ found in large 
quantities in both meadowB and pastures. Some of 
the old farmers call it a weed, while others believe 
it to be French ■>!*•-*-» After giving tho name 
anc Unit of another variety, both or wmm. 
become naturalized in this country from Europe, wo 
observed that neither are of any special value for 
the farmer. This has called out a response from 
Enoch Williams, of Niagara county, who was ac¬ 
quainted with some of the yellow clovers in England 
many yearB ago, and who has before called our atten¬ 
tion to their gradual dissemination over the country. 
Editors Rural New-Yorker: —In u late number of 
the Rural, in answering an inquiry respecting 
the Yellow Flowered Clover, you state that both vari¬ 
eties are worthless. The variety bearingseeds some¬ 
what similar in manlier to the white or red clover, I 
have never seen cultivated; but that known in Eng¬ 
land as Black >ced, deserves a better character than 
that which you have given it. The seed grows in 
clusters o*' small black pods, each pod containing a 
single seed, the pods or husks being usually re¬ 
moved by a milling process; hence it is called “black 
seed,” and “ milled seed.” 
As broad (leaf) or red clover sometimes fails, the 
yellow clover is sown with the red, and in 1 Ml7 or 
18IH I saw on ray father’s farm a piece of almost 
exclusively yellow clover, which was estimated at 
over two tons (2240lbs. each,) of hay to the acre, and 
was cut May 31st. 
As to its European origin, permit me to say that I 
saw it first in this country about ten years ago, near 
the Niagara river, at Lewiston, in this county. I also 
found it on Bergen Heights, New Jersey, and atHav- 
erstraw, on the bank of the Hudsou. On Staten Island 
a fine piece of grass, ready for the scythe, which 
I walked over in lsco, was plentifully interspersed 
with yellow clover of a very luxuriant growth. 
In your issue of the oth inst, your correspondent at 
Skaneatelas has written some good things about Haw¬ 
thorn Hedges. I also have had some experience, 
going back nearly fifty years, and had for some years 
under my charge about six miles of hawthorn hedge; 
some recently planted, but much at least fifty if not 
many years older; but no part of this was ever 
plashed. 
In 1811, an act of the British Parliament author¬ 
ized the inclosing of waste lands, and gave facilities 
for exchanging lands which were much intermixed, 
and this involved the necessity for much new fence. 
The then recently planted hedges had two rows about 
eight inches apart, and the plants about six inches in 
the row, standing thus: * * * * * * 
From the teachings of experienced men in my 
youth, and my own observation, the secrets of grow¬ 
ing a hedge are: 
1st. A dry, well prepared soil, as good as any nur¬ 
sery bed. 
2d. Healthy young plants, m. 
set out with care. 
3d. Complete protection 
from cattle, hogs, &c., and iP®-. 
good cultivation with spade F fff\ 
or hoe—of course no weeds jT 
being allowed to grow. llliWlj jl fn 
4th. Judicious trimming, •• X/Hul i 
commencing when the plants 
have taken a start, terminat- gcfH Mpfy \ olra 
ing in a point or edge, as 
shown in figure 1. 
A hedge cut thus, will be 
thick at the bottom, aud Ficcre 1. 
the plants being so near, either in a double or sin¬ 
gle row, will soon be hug-proof. 
Plashing introduces dead wood in consequence of 
cutting the straight growing plants three-fourths off) ( 
in order to lay them. I think I saw, two years ago, 
in your city, a plashed hedge. 
these gentlemen think will prove a valuable substi¬ 
tute for the early varieties of potatoes. As this is 
a matter of some interest, wo lay tho circular before 
our readers, so that they may Jndge for themselves 
whether this root is likely to become of practical 
importance. 
“Tuberous Chervil— Chtvropliyllum bulbosum. 
If we still Insist in proposing the tuberous chervil, 
it is because the malady with which potatoes are 
affected, especially the early varieties, gives to this 
root a new importance. Indeed, this vegetable is 
one of the best among those ol recent introduction; 
it recommends itself by its farinaceous qualities and 
its savor, which is of the tasti of the chestnut and 
of the potato; and by its prometiveuess, which is 
very great, since it is about 1H0 bushels per acre. 
“Another merit of tho tubetous chervil is that it 
is good to eat early. By the Did of June the roots 
are formed, and they keep veil to the following 
April. They are cooked in tin same fashion as the 
potato, and, like it, they air capable of a great 
variety of callnary preparatioik Annexed, we give 
a ent intended to show its for p and dimensions. 
“ The culture of it is very simple. It is sown iu 
September or October, either in rows or broadcast, 
in the same manner hh the parrot, taking care to 
press down lightly the soil af cr sowing. However, 
we will remark that, contran to the potato, which 
delights in light aud dry soili, the tuberous chervil 
prefers a fresh earth, more wet than dry, and its 
fertility should be increased by previous preparatory 
cultivation and au appliefttioj of well rotted manure. 
If wc sow later than the period rjentioned above, we 
should employ seed preserved in layers of soil or 
moist land, to facilitate Its gemination. Without 
this preparation, there ia risk tfiit the seed will not 
grow until the following season. 
“The harvesting of the tubewus chervil is com¬ 
monly done in July, and the ro'Jte are preserved like 
potatoes, taking care to move th#m from time to time 
to keep them from decaying.” 
lootMnafli- 
FigUrx 2. 
This permits the sunlight and air to reach the lower 
branches, arid secures a strong, robust growth, and 
a good base, without which there can be uo hedge 
worthy of the name. If the hedge is straight, the 
lower leaves are so much shaded that they assume an 
unhealthy hue, and many drop off; the branches in 
consequence are slender, and the hedge soon becomes 
a laughing stock for all the unruly dogs and stray 
hogs in the neighborhood. 
THE POTATO CROP 
The warm wet weather of the past few weeks has 
produced symptoms of the rot, and in low grounds 
we observe much loss. How general or serious this 
will be we canuot at present say, as digging in this 
section lias ouly commenced. But, whatever may 
ho the extent of the rot, the orop will be light and 
the tubers unusually «mall. This is occasioned by 
a disease or blight which commenced on the edges 
of the leaves, turning them black, and progressing 
slowly aud steadily until the plant became nearly or 
quite leafless. This at first cheeked and finally 
stopped entirely the growth of the potatoes. We 
first noticed the disease the latter part of Jane on 
early varieties, and since that time we have scarcely 
seen a field that was not more or lesB affected. 
Varieties, such as the Peach Blow, that usually 
keep green until from, have been dead for some 
time, and if the weather had been favorable, a large 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES 
