or four “final decisions’’ had been revised or reversed, 
it was decided that each plowman should back-furrow 
three rounds, und then plow the land on bis left. Tt 
will be seen that each plowman was made dependent 
upon his left hand neighbor for the manner in which 
be finished his land. If said neighbor failed to plow 
a straight furrow, the plowman had a land to 
straighten and a botched piece of work to reined.' ■ 
In one or two instances this was the case, and 
created, of course, ft good deal of complaint* ^ ow 
it is important that rules should be fixed upon and 
published In the premium list, for the direction of 
committees—especially such as know nothing of the 
way in which such matches are or should be con¬ 
ducted. 
The writer observed that some of these competitors 
“rushed the thing through,”spurring up their teams 
into almost a trot, sweating and blowing themselves 
with labor and anxiety, straining every nerve to get 
done first; and yet, when the premiums were an¬ 
nounced, they proved to have been awarded, the first 
to the plowman who finished bis work last, and the 
second to the one who got his land plowed next to 
the last of the whole of them. The committee proved 
themselves sensible in this, if they were inexpe¬ 
rienced and made novel rules. MoBt of the plowing 
was excellent; but little, if any of it, could be called 
poor. 
WEATHER—CLOSE Of' THE FAIR-OTHER MATTERS. 
There were evening discussions, at one of which 
the writer took notes which will appear hereafter. 
The other, it was said, “ did not. amount to much.” 
The weather was cold and wet most of the time 
during the three days we were in Iowa City. On the 
third day there was a good attendance, and on the 
fourth and last a light one. The President made a 
pleasant bargain with exhibitors, by which they 
pledged themselves to he satisfied with what they 
could get, and ho announced that they could pay 
fifty per cent, of the awards made. 
The weather waa too uncomfortable, most of the 
time, either to talk or write; und many items which 
would have been eagerly sought for from exhibitors, 
were allowed to rest, unexposed to the chill air, by 
the writer’s pencil. 
And the beautiful city, which we visited for the 
first time, remains unexplored; and many engage¬ 
ments made with citizens and friends in the suburbs, 
have been and are hereby deferred until a more 
convenient and pleasant season. 
There are other items, which will appear in due 
time, relating to matters deserving more elaboration 
than can be given them at this writing. 
The lowans need not find anything to discourage 
them in the results of this Pair. It was well Con¬ 
ducted, and without any prominent clap trap append¬ 
ages or malt, liquor Institutions, which have been 
made a prominent feature at some other Pairs we have 
attended, There was no disorder- there could be 
none where members of the “Iowa 1st,” which 
“fought init SlBOJKi.” at Springfield, Mo., were the 
police. They are a fine-looking class of young men, 
and have worthily won all the praise they get. Most 
of them have re-enlisted. 
A WORD WITH YOU, BROTHER PARMER. 
The Rural comes down into New Jersey once 
each week, laden with many good things. Through 
it we hear from men in various parts of the Uuion, 
who are engaged in the good cause of soil-tilling. 
We see reports on crops, in-oeesses of culture, ma¬ 
nures, and many other fyiugs pertaining to our 
vocation. While sitting by our firesides we thus 
have an opportunity of easily learning what many of 
onr brethren of the plow are doing in the way of 
improvement'. Even in this region, which is by some 
termed “ benighted,” we are anxious to learn the best, 
ways, get. the best seeds, use the beat fertilizers, or 
utilize onr home made composts to the best. end. 
Also to reap our crops at the right moment, store 
them in the right way, mud get the right prue for them. 
Hence we become reading men, and I for one always 
welcome the Rural; for 1 can then chat with my 
brother farmers at times when my near neighbors 
cannot be induced to waste precious moments from 
sleep. 
Rut, my friends, I get tired, at times, of doing my 
part of the chatting bv myself, so 1 ventnre this wet 
morning to ask Mr. P.ditor MoORB to let me chat 
directly with yon. If he permits me to do so, bear 
with me if I am disposed to lean at all toward fault¬ 
finding. I merely desire to state some things in n 
plain way, as 1 find them presented to my own mind. 
1 till my acres with a desire to get the greatest 
profit consistent with the present state of the soil, and 
the means at command; hence It becomes a matter 
of anxiety to know the experience of as many others 
as possible. Almost all men seem willing to tell 
their experience, but very few succeed in so stating 
it as to make it valuable to others, either because they 
have not clearly defined notions in their own mind, 
or the method of communication may be deficient. 
In conversation with an intelligent, educated, and 
experienced gardener, a few days since, we fell on 
the subject of “ special manures ” and their applica¬ 
tion. Green sand marl was spoken of; ho had tried 
a large quantity with other manures. " How did it 
act?” “Well, I put it on grape vine borders, dug it, 
in about pear trees—in fact, used it On almost every¬ 
thing iu the large garden, and I feel satisfied that the 
crops were larger and trees healthier than ever 
before.” This was the nearest I could get at the 
value of green sand marl on his land. No compara¬ 
tive experiment had been made, yet he was ready to 
buy a large quantity of marl at ten cents per bushel 
for this year’s use. On closer questioning, 1 found 
he was far from convinced that any very great beuofit 
had been derived from its use, but he "supposed” it 
was beneficial. His guano experiments were more 
positive in result. A portion of ground was manured 
at the rate of one thousand ponuds per acre. The 
crops were far more remunerative than on portions 
not manured that year, or manured with ordinary 
barnyard composts, and the difference had continued 
through the succeeding years. “How do you like 
the dwarf pear?” 1 asked. “ I prefer the standard.” 
“ Have you the same Sorts, both dwarf and standard? 
“ No; my standards are trained eu espalier ”—and they 
were splendid trees heavily loaded—but I submit 
whether my question was fully answered, or w’hether 
the poor dwarfs had a proper chance, receiving, as 
they did, no especial care, such as a dwarf requires, 
while the standard espalier was nourished with the 
greatest assiduity. So on through a long list ef 
things 1 found my good friend making decisions, with 
out even a shadow of reason, on many very important 
matters. I learned many things from his neat, good 
ways of doing work, and training fruit trees and 
vines; but as to the comparative value of manures, 
etc., I learned little besides the stern necessity of 
instituting slow’ but careful trials myself, if I desired 
to get at their real value. 
Living near a great market, the greatest in the 
country, I had determined to plant sweet corn to take 
in green, as the profit is far greater than from the 
growth of ordinary crops. During the whole of last 
season I used due diligence to learn the best kinds of 
c ., r n for such use. All ray neighbors united in say¬ 
ing that none was equal to the common kind; every 
ear would sell so long as it looked like corn, and you 
could make no mislakc in planting it. 1 felt satisfied, 
from having raised small quantity s of a number of 
kinds myself, that some of the larger and finer sorts 
would prove more valuable. 1 accordingly planted a 
small piece of common sweet corn, and a large one 
of an improved variety. The first proved with roe, as 
with all my advisers, valueless during this dry season, 
while the latter yielded a handsome income, and was 
the admiration of the whole vicinity. This result 
was expected, because I had carefully tried and proved 
the thing beforehand; whereas my neighbors spoke 
from the stand point of prejudice. 
Years of experience have served to show me the 
necessity of using the greatest caution in reporting 
facte; for we may often deceive ourselves, which Is 
ever to he deplored, and we certainly will deceive 
otherp who may lean on our statements, expecting 
to find them strictly trne. Many extremely valuable 
things aro set. aside as valueless because boiho one 
supposed to know says they are so;—other worthless 
things are taken up, and much money and time 
wasted in striving to prove them worth nil that some 
careless report would have us believe. It thus be¬ 
comes a matter of necessity that each man should 
be an experimenter, and this will in a measure 
account for the universal sticking to experience on 
the part of farmers, as well as their frequent preju¬ 
dice against all new things and processes. I shall 
use my best endeavor to encourage great carefulness 
in observation, to the end that facts, being clearly 
ascertained, may be lucidly expressed and easily 
apprehended. Bo far, then, I find fault with almost, 
all “reports "of crops and processes, gathering but 
little satisfaction and profit from their incomplete 
ness and inaccuracies. Am I wrong, brother farmers? 
Have you not, one and all, Buffered in this way? If so, 
let us determine to do our part toward remedying this 
crying evil. If not,, yon must be fortunate indeed, 
and we should he glad to see your experiences set 
forth in the Rural, f >r very few farmers have ever gone 
through years of toilsome striving without having 
stumbled upon many promising “ placers,’’ warranted 
to yield large nuggets of golden treasure, which have 
proved barren. Yet all these sad experiences are 
not without good results. The Alchemists of old 
diligently sought means for transmuting all things to 
gold. Their extensive researches failed to show 
them the great “ Touchstone,” but they learned 
thousands of facta valuable to the world, and out of 
the rubbish left by them, a few great minds have suc¬ 
ceeded in bringing the science of Chemistry, that 
science which seems to underlie our own art of Agri¬ 
culture. Ku-n so may some great minds be able to 
take the vast and accumulated piles of Agricultural 
reportorial rubbish, and simmering them down, 
secure valuable results In the solid Science of Agri 
culture. Rut I have no such hope. I prefer to see 
careful experimenting, close study of nature, and a 
judicious summing up of results, which shall state 
in a clear and unmistakable manner exactly what has 
been discovered of value to the world. 
A Jersey Delver 
Kf.mauks. — Our correspondent is right. There is 
too much carelessness in testing new plants, fertili¬ 
zers, implements, modes of culture, Ac., and a great 
lack of accuracy and conciseness in reporting results. 
Too many depend upon a single trial in a favorable 
season, and “jump at conclusions,” with railroad 
speed—thus unintentionally deceiving themselves and 
the agricultural public, and doing injury to the 
cause of improvement. Let us have the results of 
careful experiments and comparisons, —facts and 
figures which are reliable—wherewith to “teach one 
another.” 
• • ■ 4 ♦ ♦ ♦- 
$ In 
Feeding Bees. 
F.ns. Rural New- Yorker:— Will you please inform rae, 
through your paper, the host method of feeding bees so that 
they will be able to winter well? 1 have a fine swarm iu a 
common box hive that came out the 2tlh of July, aud I 
would like very much to winter them. I shall have a few 
pounds of honey iu boxes, amt some to take up in a small 
swarm. —Bkk-Kkkekr, Jefferson Co., 2V. 1 1861. 
SrOAit-OAKDY is the most convenient article tllftt 
can he used for feeding bees. The plain is the beet, 
but if flavored with lemon or lioarhouud it will 
answer. A few sticks, such as may be obtained of 
any confectioner, may be placed within reach of the 
bees, and on this they will winter well. From two 
to four pounds, it is said, will keep a colony over the 
winter; that is, supposing they have plenty of comb; 
but where the swarm was so late as to have been 
unable to make a good stock of comb, it will be use¬ 
less t> try to keep them over the winter. Lanci- 
stroth gives the following on the subject: 
“I now mention a substitute for liquid honey, the 
value of which has been extensively and thoroughly 
tested iu Germany, and which I have used with great 
advantage. It was first introduced by the Rev. Mr. 
Weigel, of Silesia, and Dzierzon and other distin¬ 
guished Apiarians speak of its excellence in the 
most decided terms. The article to which I refer is 
jilatn sagar-candy. It has been ascertained that 
aliont four pounds of this candy will sustain a 
colony during the winter, when they have scarcely 
any honey in their hive! If it is placed where they 
can have access to it without being chilled, they will 
cluster upon it, and gradually eat it np. It not only 
goes further than double the quantity of liquid boucy 
whlch could be bought for the same money, but is 
found to agree with the bees perfectly; while the 
former is almost sure to sour in the unsealed cells, 
exposing them to dangerous, and often fatal attacks 
of dysentery. I sometimes invert the old fashioned 
box hive, and push sticks of candy gently between 
the ranges of comb, in which the bees cluster. The 
bottom-board may then be replaced, und if the hive 
is still upside down, and properly sheltered, the bees 
will have ready access to the candy, even iu the 
coldest weather. 
“In my hives, the spare honey-board may be ele¬ 
vated ou strips, about an iucb and a half above the 
frames, and sticks of candy laid on the tops of the 
central frames will then be always accessible to the 
bees, even in the coldest weather, if the outside of 
the honey-hoard is covered with cotton, or any warm 
packing. By sliding into the hive, tinder the frames, 
a few sticks of candy, I can in a moment feed a small 
colony, in summer, without incurring the risk of 
tempting robbers by the smell of liquid honey. If 
a small quantity of liquid food is needed in warm 
weather, loaf-sugar dissolved in water, as it has 
scarcely any smell, is the best. 
“ 'The use of BUgar-candy for feeding bees,’ says 
the Rev. Mr. Kleine, * gives to bee keeping a security 
which it did not possess before. Still, we must not 
base over-sanguine calculations on it, or attempt to 
winter very weak stocks, which a prudent Apiarian 
would at once unite with a stronger colony. I have 
used sugar candy for feeding, for the last five years, 
and made many experiments with it, which satisfy 
me that it caDnot be too strongly recommended, 
especially after unfavorable summers. Colonies well 
furnished with comb, and having plenty of pollen, 
though defficient in honey, may be very profitably fed 
with candy, and will richly repay the service thus 
rendered them.’ 
‘“Sugar-candy dissolved in a small quantity of 
water, may be safely fed to bees late in the fall, and 
even in winter, if absolutely necessary. It is pre¬ 
pared by dissolving two pounds of candy in a quart 
of water, and evaporating, by boiling, about two 
gills of the solntion; then skimming and straining 
through a hair sieve. Three quarts of this solution, 
fed in Autumn, will carry a colony safely through 
the winter, in an ordinary location and season. The 
bees will carry it up into the cells of 6uch combs as 
they prefer, where it speedily thickens and becomes 
covered with a thin film, which keeps it from 
Boaring.’ ” 
To Prevent A tils front Disturbing Bees. 
I hear a great deal of complaint of ants disturb¬ 
in’/ bees, and occasionally inquiry is made as to the 
best remedy; but have not seen or heard of a remedy 
bo certain to “ head ” the little intruders, as a simple 
plan which I adopted five years ago in my apiary. 
It is this:—I make bunches of 1} inch boards, hav¬ 
ing the feet to project out, but very slightly, so as to 
prevent being easily blown over. I decide wherethe 
bench is to stand, and see where the feet will come, 
then put narrow boards crosswise f >r the feet to rest 
on. Under each end of these boards, I sink a block 
of wood or stone, so that it shall not settle in wet 
weather. Then place the feet In tin, earthen, or Iron 
vessels, (no matter how rough; even old oyster cans 
will do,) and fill with water about once a week. See 
that the bench does not touch any otherthing having 
connection with the ground. 
1 brought in from the country this spring, two 
hives of bees (Hall's patent,) set them on one of the 
above described benches in my bee bouse, and in a 
few days opened the upper doors to inspect the honey 
boxes. I found in and around the boxeB, thousands 
of big black ants and eggs. I brushed them out for 
two or three days in succession, and since then not 
an ant is to be seen in them, or in any other hive in 
the apiary. — T. J. Magruder, in Am. Bee Journal. 
Profits of Bee-Keeping. 
Mr. It. IL Davis, a practical farmer, and one of 
our subscribers, who has a large and well managed 
farm at Larone, in Somerset County, furnishes us 
with the following notes relating to the profits of his 
small apiary during the year 1860. In the spring of 
that year, Mr. Davjh had font- swarms, which being 
wintered through, he valued at five dollars each, or 
twenty dollars. These four swarms sent out during 
the season ten new swarms; eight of which were 
worth, in the fall, four dollars each, or thirty Iwo 
dollars. The other two Bwarms had not honey 
enough to winter on. It. was, therefore, strained 
and sold, (thirty pounds,) at ten cents per pound, 
which amounted to three dollars. From the eight 
new swarms, Mr. Davis sold two hundred and fifty- 
eight pounds of box honey, at twelve and a half 
cents per pound, amounting to thirty-two dollars and 
t wenty live cent*. There was also some wax made, 
not taken into The old stocks of l.ees 
were reckoned aWrot.r dollars each iu the full, the 
same as the new swarms. This gives a clear profit 
of $67.25 from four swarms in one season. Who can 
give a better account from so small a lot of bees? — 
Maine Farmer. 
IIoiiey-Pi-oditctug Plant. 
Eds Rural New-Yorker:— Will you please give the 
name of tlm inclosed flower, which bloasonis very extensively 
over our Western prairies? It usually comes into blossom 
between the 15th of August and the 1st of September, and 
flowers continually unlit killed by frost, \ Adding our beer a 
copious supply of bright yellow honey, of a superior quality. 
Being engaged it bee culture, and ignorant as to the name 
of so valuable a flower, you will coufer a favor on at least 
one subscriber to your valuable paper by giving the desired 
information —K It FKKMKKsa, Dunbnth Jo. Daviess Co , IU. 
Full (logo Canadens is, or Canadian Guldeurod, 
common in all parts of the country. 
Support of Bees. 
Ens Rural New-Yorker:— Can you inform me bow- 
many swarms of bees will thrive and do well in agood location? 
There is a good section here for buckwheat, basswood, and 
white clovet. Ry publishing ibis you will oblige—A Sun- 
SCKJBBR, Birmingham, Oakland Co., Mich., 1861. 
On this subject we have been promised an article 
from a practical apiarian. The great number that can 
find support in a mile square, in a favorable locality, 
is really surprising. 
■■ —4 ■ — 
IJural Spirit of tfco 
Patience In Milking. 
A writer in tlw Ohio Farmer says that a cow 
was cured of bolding up her milk, by patiently milk¬ 
ing until she ceased to hold it; and by continuing 
the practice, she has become an easy, regular milker, 
and a good cow. _ 
Points of n Work Horse. 
The California Agricultural Society requires 
that, a first premium work horse shall be between 
fifteen and sixteen hands; quick, lively ears; broad 
between the eyes; ronud barrel; short loins; well up 
in the shoulder; deep chested; square quarters; flat 
legs; short, betweeu the knee and pastern, and hock 
and pastern; hind legs well under him; speed equal 
to eight miles an hour on the road, and at least three 
miles at the plow; with sufficient blood to insure 
spirit and enduratce. 
Two Heaps of Manure* 
The lesson inculcated by the following, from the 
pen of lion. F. H. Holbrook, in the New England 
Farmer , is one of great value to the thinking farmer: 
How true is the remark of Mr. Coke, late F.arl of 
Leicester, that the value of farm-yard manure is in 
proportion to what it is made of. If cattle eat straw 
alone, the dung is straw alone; the cattle are straw, 
the farm is straw, and the farmer is straw—they are 
all straw together. Not long ago I had four cows 
come up to the stable iu the Fall, which I thought 
might yield a good supply of milk through the Winter, 
if well fed. I also iiad four other animals, cows and 
heifers, which were not expected to give ranch milk 
till the following grass season. The first four were 
tied in the stable side by side, aud received each, in 
addition to hay and stalks, four quarts of small 
potatoes each morning, and two quarts of corn and 
oatmeal each evening, through the Winter. As we 
expected, they gave a good mess of milk, and came 
out well in the Spring. The manure of those four 
cows was thrown out a stable window under the 
cattle-shed by itself. The other four animals were 
tied in the same stable, next to the first four, and re¬ 
ceived only bay and corn fodder. Their manure was 
thrown out by itself at the next stable window, and 
under the same shed, so that the two heaps lay side 
by side. The heap that was made by the four cows 
that were daily messed with potatoes and meal, kept 
hot and smoking all Winter, and was wholly free from 
frost. The heap made by the other animals that had 
only bay and stalks, showed no signs of fermentation 
and was somewhat frozen. Observing this difference 
from time to time, curiosity prompted me in the 
SpriDgto apply those two beaps of manure separately, 
but in equal quantities, side by side, on a piece of 
corn ground. The superiority of the corn crop where 
the manure from the messed cattle was applied, over 
that where the other heap was spread, was quite 
apparent and striking, and called my attention more 
particularly than it was ever before directed, to the 
importance of feed i i g out our best, or ri chest products, 
if we would have the best kind of manure for our 
lauds, and large crops from them. 
Wintering Calves. 
Calves, says the American Agriculturist, should 
have loose stables, or stalls to run in during winter, 
with a little yard or paddock for exercise out of 
doors in fair weather, and plenty of fresh air always. 
Good soft hay, a lew oats, say a pint a day for each, 
or an equal quantity of corn, oats, or barley-meal, 
and in mild weather a quart of sliced roots, is their 
best food. In very cold weather, roots do calves— 
such is our experience—more hurt than good. They 
are cold and watery, and sconrthem. In mild weath¬ 
er roots supply the place of green food, and we 
consider them good for that only in onr Northern cli¬ 
mate. If calves get lousy, rub a little soft grease, 
mixed with a sprinkling of Scotch snuff, on the af¬ 
fected parts, thoroughly to the skin, and the lice will 
leave at onefi. If you have not the snuff, grease alone 
will do. This is effectual, and the only remedy we 
have applied for years. Tobacco water we do not 
like. It often sickens the calves, and is not so cer¬ 
tain a cure as the grease. Keep the calves warm, 
drv, and clean, and they will come out in the spring 
as bright as larks. 
A Ilavey among Horned Cattle* 
A correspondent of the N. Y. Tribune, writing 
from the Btate Fair Grounds, speaks of a performance 
with steers, as follows: 
Every year I have been able to learn something 
new—something beneficial to me as a farmer, or 
something that I could communicate to others to 
their advantage. 1 shall try to profit equally by what 
I see here. I have seen one thing to-day which 1 
wish every farmer, and every man who ever drives 
oxen, or handles cattle in any way, could see as 1 
have seen. It. would teach him the great benefits of 
the law of kindness. Wo have all heard of Rarey 
among horses, and have almost loved the man in our 
admiration of his process of training. I have just 
seen a Rarey among horned cattle. Here is a hoy 
perhaps ten years old, training and handling six 
steers, not yet two years old, with all the ease that an 
experienced Yankee ox-driver handles a single pair 
while in the yoke; and he has no yoke, nor rope, nor 
does he speak a word scarcely above a bud whisper, 
and only occasionally strikes a blow that would not j 
raise a blister upon the skin of a child. All his 
actions are based upon the laws of kindness, with a 
firm determination that all his orders must be obeyed. : 
Now bo briojjK UJI n xtxiglc putt o.-( tttougli jotvt ct 
together; then two yoke; tht?n three; then be mis¬ 
matches all of them as though he were about to yoke 
the oB'ox on the nearside. Then he changes places,and 
puts odd ones together; then be unyokes, if I may use 
the term when he does not nae a yoke, all of them, and 
brings them up in a line like a platoon of soldiers, and 
with greater precision than any “awkward squad.’’ 
Then he trains them around by twos and threes, or 
drops out a single one and orders him to a new place 
by a motion of his small whip, or, as it seemed to me, 
often by a mere effort of his will that he desired a 
change of position. For an hour that 1 stood watch¬ 
ing, there was another pair of older steers standing 
just outside of the circle of his operations, patiently 
waiting their turn until some one asked:—“Can you 
handle eight as well as six?” “I could,” he mod¬ 
estly replied, “ if my whip was a little longer; I can’t 
reach the outside one, when in line, with this short 
whip, but I will try.” And so be did; and notwith¬ 
standing the short whip, all were managed with the 
utmost care, and all who saw were taught a lesson 
which none seemed to tire of learning, i hope they 
will profit by it. Will those who read also profit so 
far as to pursue the sarnu comae in training all 
domest ic auimals. Teach your hoys, too, to yoke up 
the young steers, to use them kindly, with patient 
perseverance, to make them as bidable as this hoy 
has these on exhibition, and then they will make 
good and valuable oxen. 
fmjMirios im\ gVnsuw. 
Converting Straw into Manure — In answer to the 
inquiry for the best way to convert straw into manure, I 
Bill give my mode, which I think a good one, at least. 
When through threshing, we get all the straw we can into 
the sheds aud barn, and Ihe rest is spread evenly over the 
yard, Let the horses, cattle, sheep and hogs have a pood 
bed every night; then fix an extra pair of wide side boards to 
the wheelbarrow, and wheel the cleanings from the horse 
and cow stable daily, till the yard is pretty well covered. 
Again spread on straw, and follow up until spring. If the 
straw is not then used up, I spread it in the yard after the 
manure is drawn out, and it makes good top-diessiDg for fall 
wheat,— A. Green, Amboy, O., 1861. 
Wire Worms— Ilow I “Fixed” Them,— Last spring I 
plowed ten acres of green sward for corn, hut upon examina¬ 
tion found it full of wire worms. However, as a liberal 
dressing of manure had been applied, I concluded to try 
doctoring the varmints. Soaked the seed thirty six hours in 
a solution of copperas aud salt,— one pound of copperas for 
the seed for ten acres,— and as soon as the corn was up, 
applied unleached ashes and salt, one-fifth salt lo I our fifths 
ashes giving a good-sized handful to four hills. The result 
is as fine a piece of corn as you would like to see. A few 
rows left without the doctoring were almost entirely de¬ 
stroyed. To rid the land of them, next season 1 shall har¬ 
vest a crop of buckwheat, aud the season alter, plow under 
buckwheat, sewing wheat in the fall The rascals will secede 
under this treatment.— Rusm us, Oak fit Id, A' F., 1861. 
Cutting Hungarian Gkass, —Mr. J. B. Potter, of Ohio, 
inquires through the Rcral of Sept. 14th, when to cut Hun¬ 
garian Grass. As I have had several years’ experience with 
it, perhaps it is ray duty to give him and others the benefit 
of it. We say, then, cut early, about the time the seed is in 
the milk. If left standing until the seed matures, the stalk 
gets tough and unpalatable, and the oily nature of the seed, 
when ripe, makes it, a dangerous diet for horses. Cattle will 
endure it better, This season 1 sowed my Hungarian the 
21 st of June, and cut it the 20th of August The growth 
was fine, but I should have let it Bland a few days longer, 
had not the Chinch Bug commenced upon it, obliging me to 
cut it then or never. Another season I propose sowing 
earlier, and have it ready to cut before instead of after har¬ 
vest, thus avoiding the bugs.—D. G. Chsbvkr, Clinton, Rock 
County, Wisconsin, 1861. 
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Bloomington Nursery—F. K. Phoenix. 
Andre Leroy's Nurseries—B< uguiere A Thebaud. 
Peach Tree*. Ac . for Sale—Win. Parry. 
New Stove KslaMibhtnetJt- Klein A: ftuthe. 
BuiMirw L»t« for Sale—D. II- Mulford. 
Agents Want'd !i. Ha-skins 4 Co. 
Apple Stocks for Sale—Ensign k Ford. 
Apple Seedlings for Sale—A. Becker. 
SPECIAL NOTICES. 
The Metropolitan Gift Bookstore — J. F. Hone. 
Rural Notes anil jitents. 
A Remarkable Autumn.— The weather of the present 
Autumn has thus far been remarkable, especially for the 
absence of severe frost in nnr part of the country. The 
veritable “ oldest inhabitant " is surprised that the slimmer 
temperature should continue, almost uninterrupted by frost 
or chilly weather, to the middle of October—while many of 
“the rest of mankind” are wondering at the ripening and 
dropping of chestnuts, and the change in other products, 
wood and leaf Included, without being touched by Jack’s 
frigid fingers. As we write (Oct. 15) the sun is shining 
brightly and warmly — glorious weather for farmers and 
horticulturists, as well as for onr soldiers in the “tented 
field,’’ The mild weather ha* of course been most favorable 
for the corn crop, maturing and saving much that would 
have been lost In an ordinary season. The pastures are dow 
nearly as fresh as iu June, and an atyndance of good butter 
and cheese will be made tbiB month. Early sown winter 
wheat and rye have made rapid growth; moat fields have 
tillered well, and present a remarkably fine appearance. 
The only unfavorable effect of the »ann weather, combined 
with recent heavy rains, baB been upon the potato crop — 
causing extensive injury by rot, especially on heavy soils and 
low grounds. With this exception the season has proved 
unexpectedly propitious. 
Brief Notes of the Local Fairs — According to the 
Canandaigua papers, the Ontario County Fair was a success. 
It is said the excellence, extei t and variety of the articles 
exhibited, was about equal to former years, while the inter, 
eat of the people in the Fair was manifested by a good 
attendance. An intelligent friend who was present Fays he 
never raw so fine a show of young horses a9 was made on the 
occasion-The Orleans Co Fair , at Albion, is reported to 
have been creditable nnd well attended. The Republican 
says there was a (Inc display of cattle and horses. The show 
in Floral Hall, and of Dairy products, aro also spoken of as 
being lino.-The Oswego Co. Fair. at Oswego Falls, is said 
to have been the most succomfn) ever held iri the county, all 
things cOn-ideml. The weather was fine on the first and 
second days, the exhibition exeeeriiugly good, atid the attend¬ 
ance very large — from six to eight thousand people being 
present on the second day. The entries were unusually large, 
nnl the receipts over $1,100, aud would have been much 
more but for the drenching lain on the last day. The show 
of Stock was extra; also of Fruits and Vegetables-The 
Wayne Co Fair , at Lyons, last week, waa unexpectedly sue 
ci-s^ful—fin,- Ri ftth, i « laige attendance, end good exhibi¬ 
tion. The Republican says:—“Nowhere, not even at our 
State Fair, have we seen finer specimens of Kruitthan were on 
exhibition The show of Vegetables and Grains was exten¬ 
sive, embracing some astonishing samples. The exhibition 
of horses, cattle, and other stock, waa quite as large as at 
previous lairs, and highly commended by the various groups 
of visitors. On the whole, the Fair was a success. Old 
farmers, whose judgment in such matters is worth heeding, 
pronounce It tbe beet that bag ever been held In this county.” 
-The Fair of the Manlius and I’ompey Ag’l and Mecb’l 
Association—at Manlius, Sept. 24. 25 —Is said to have been 
a great success. A report In the Syracuse Journal speaks in 
tbe highest terms of the exhibition, In both quantity and 
quality — says the show of improved stock wax super-excel¬ 
lent, and other departments admirably filled. The address 
by Stf DIRK M. Brown, of El bridge, wax of course good — 
“replete with sound practical instruction, and elicited high 
commendation ''-The Fair of the Skaneab Irs Farmers' 
Chib must have been yew e—■*“-*nd unusually trium- 
judging from an account <of it in the Democrat Alter 
mentioning tbe presence of several promiuent gentlemen, 
that paper says;—-‘The testimony of those from abroad 
indicates that our Fair exceeds in interest any of the County 
or Town Fairs held in this vicinity, and we can asm re our- 
s. Ives that we have never attended any which was pleasanter, 
and none of greater interest, except the State Exhibitions. 11 
-Of the Essex Co. Fair a local paper says:—Notwith¬ 
standing the severe weather, there was a large attendance, 
and the entries, in nearly all departments, were very full, 
and of an excellent class. The exhibition of horses, cattle, 
aod sheep, was no unusually line one, and the display in the 
departments of Domestic Industry and Vegetables was of 
superior quality and of fair quantity.”-Tbe Drycbn Union 
Fair w as a perfect success A. F. Hot' ft, one of the officers, 
writes:—* 1 We were all disappointed, for the Fairs around us 
were failures. The enterprise of the inhabitants of this 
vicinity lias as yet never failed to call a crowd of people 
together, and also a good collection of articles of all kinds, 
both in and out of the hall, to attract their attention. Per¬ 
haps our collection of stock cannot he excelled by any County 
or I’nion Fair. Wn all foci to rejoice, under the circum¬ 
stances, that we were so highly favored with good weather, 
which was one great cause of success.” 
Fast Gkowtng Pork — The A'rw England Farmer says:— 
“ We do not work our hogs, either in harness or in tbe manure 
heaps. When they have taken their meals aud whatexercise 
they please, they retire to a dry, roomy bed, lie down and 
1 grow, and make a business of it. An Irishman can overhaul 
, the manure heap much cheaper than the hogs can. We 
i slaughtered swine last fall, made from piga that weighed less 
than 36 pounds each 11 months before, and the hogs weighed, 
when haudsomely dressed, from 450 to 475 pounds each!” 
— This item reminds ua of the handsome and fast-growing 
swine (nearly 206) which we saw in the peDS of the Michigan 
State Prison, at Jackson, last month. After the gentlemanly 
Clerk of the Prison (U. U. Bingham, Esq, brother of the 
late Senator Bingham,) had 6bowu us the Internal arrange¬ 
ments of the “institution,” he called onr attention to a very 
creditable “outside show” —the manufactory of pork for 
the convicts. We have rarely, if ever, seen a finer lot of the 
“swinish multitude.” On inquiry, Mr. B. said they were a 
cross of the Berkshire aDd £uflolk, and he thought tbe breed 
an admirable one, making handsome, easily fattened animals, 
and good pork at a year old or less — averaging from 300 to 
400 lbs. when 10 to 12 months old. What is the experience 
of our pork-raising readers with a cross of the breeds named? 
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New VaRIETT of Cotton.— Another rival to the cotton 
plant of the South is attracting notice—a cotton tree, which 
is said to thrive iu a cool climate. Mr. R. C. Kendall, of 
Maryland, says he discovered it in the Andes, near the 40'.h 
parallel of latitude, the ground around the tree being 
I then covered with snow. It is perennial, and lives many 
I years; may be propagated from seeds or cuttings; grows to 
about the size of our peach trees, the first one seen by Mr. 
K being about 18 feet iu height, and bearing a crop estimated 
at nearly 100 lbs. The product has been pronounced by 
cotton brokers equal to the best Sea Island, while the yield 
per acre is said, with favorable soil and situation, to far 
exceed (more than double) that of the Southern variety. 
Mr. Iv. is confident the tree can be grown wherever Indian 
corn can. All which is “ important, if true,” but we fear too 
good news to be reliable. 
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Minor Bubal Items—A lady nearly 90 years of age—Mrs- 
AVbight, of Plymouth, Luzerne Co , Pa-, — wishes to obtain 
a few silk-w orm eggs. Any Rural reader who esn furnish 
them, will please address Mrs. W. as above.-P r °f- J- ^* 
TftAOY has been appointed by the St. Louis Ag'l and Mech 1 
Association to represent its interests at the World's Fair. 
The receipts of specie from abroad this year, for breadstufis 
and other articles of American growth, are estimated at over 
forty million dollars—while, meantime, the importations of 
foreign fabrics have largely decreased, the war making our 
people more economical than formerly.-The recent heavy 
rains extended over a wide extent of country Letters from 
the West speak of long-continued wet weather, the rotting 
of potatoes, injury of corn, &c.-We have received stalks 
of Missouri Dent corn, 12> 2 feet in height, grown by W. T. 
■ Bills, on the farm of Haklky Clark, of Hamlin, this 
county. Tall corn, that, for this section 
