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[SINGtIjK NTO. FOUK CKNT8, 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR TOE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCTOBER 26, 1861 
! WHOLE NO. 61 
drained. Many of the injurious insects seek refuge 
deep in the soil during the winter, and by fall plow¬ 
ing are exposed when perhaps too much chilled to 
again make the necessary exertion to secure a Bate 
retreat, and perish. The frost, too, cun penetrate more 
deeply in plowed ground, and in this way thousands 
of grubs may be destroyed with little labor. Experi¬ 
ence is the great teacher, and the umpire that must 
settle all disputes, and to our correspondent we say, 
try fall plowing on a part of ft field, keep art account 
of the labor and expense, and let ns know the result,. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AS ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL 
things that abound at. this time of the year. Cooked 
potatoes aud ground barley and peas will fatten hogs 
a little faster than anything we ever tried, and make 
sweet, solid pork. Meal may he substituted for the 
barley, but the influence of peas upon pork is great, 
as any one may ascertain by feeding a few to those 
that they kill for home consumption. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
INQUIRIES AND NOTES 
Tire Rural New-Yorker Is desi'imed to be nnRnri'Swed in 
Value. Purity, Usefulness aud Variety of Content*?, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the RupervWon of it* various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Kckal. an eminently 
Reliable Guide on all the important Practical, Scientific and 
other Subject; intimately connected with the tiuxinesp of those 
whose iutereste it zealously advocates. Asa Family Journal 
it is eminently Instructive and Entertaining —being so con¬ 
ducted that it can be safely taken to the Hearts and Homes of 
people of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, 
Literary and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and 
beautiful Engravings, than any other journal, —rendering 
it the most complete Agricultural, Literary and Family 
Newspaper in America. 
The Destructive ‘"White Grub.” 
Kps. Rural Nuw-Vorkkk:— Inclosed I send yon apiece 
cut from the Farmin' Advocate, The description of the 
depredations of the grub is true; but we had supposed they 
were the larva; of the Maybug, and that next spring they 
would be humming about the air, instead of reproducing 
themselves in the earth, as described by the writer of the 
article. Will you decide this question for us, or set us both 
right, if wrong?—A SUBSCRIBER, Batavia. Kane Co., 111. 
The article referred to describes the ravages of 
“a large white worm, sometimes called the grub 
worm, which breeds aud matures in timothy, and 
perhaps in some of the other grasses. They become 
so abundant that they cut the sod from the under 
soil in large patches all over the field, so that you 
can lift it off as yon would a covering from a bed; 
and the grain Crops succeeding they will utterly 
destroy.” From the description we cannot say 
whether thiB is the Wire-worm, as wo judge the writer 
In the Advocate supposed, or the grub of the May-bug, 
or Chaffer. The latter has been exceedingly destruct¬ 
ive in gardens in this section for the few years past, 
catting ofl’ whole beds of strawberries, and making 
sad havoc with verbenas and other bedding plants, and 
have latterly become troublesome in pastures. Last 
season wo saw a field of potatoes, in which the greater 
half of the tubers were so injured as to bo unsalable, 
sometimes only a shell being left. The eggs that 
produce the >vire-wo>~ )ai , ,„.i.. 
face of the earth, and they are several years before 
becoming a perfect insect—all that time feeding upon 
the roots of plants in tho mi miner, and In the winter 
descending deep into the earth. The May-bug lays 
Its eggs in June, below the surface of the ground, 
and these soon produce a yellowiBh-wbite grub, with 
a shining dull yellow head; they live on the roots of 
plants duriug the summer. In fall they descend for 
winter quarters, and come out in the spring perfect 
insects. Where they are plenty, scores will he turned 
up by the plow or exposed in spading. From the 
West we have received specimens of the grub charged 
with the mischief, and it is very 
much like that of the May-hug, 
of which we present a drawing. f ' 
It is evidently of the May-bug 
species, though differing a little 
we judge from the specimens 
obtained here with which it, was compared. How¬ 
ever, the specimens were dried and somewhat muti¬ 
lated before coming to our haudB, so that^we could 
not judge with certainty as to their identity. Our 
Western Editor gave all the information obtainable 
in the Rural of September 14th. 
PAIRS-ONTARIO CO. AG. SOCIETY 
Taking the Ontario Co. Fair its a text, I will offer 
some remarks upon agricultural and mechanical exhi¬ 
bitions. The practical tendencies of the age find fit 
expression in these Autumnal gatherings, which, 
ministering to sundry social necessities, render 
deserved tribute to labor, enterprise and skill. Once 
a year, at least, old and young, grateful for daily 
bread, m^y well , render homage at the shrines of 
Industry. .. f - 
Admitting .imperfections, we shall make onr exhi¬ 
bitions what they ought to be by giving them credit 
(or what they arc. 
Primarily, — They are educators of the people. 
Who wishes to know what is the proper model of a 
steer or steed, let him go to the Fair and see. If 
the steer isn’t there, the fault is out-side, —yon may 
say what you please of the man that didn’t bring 
him. Here science culminat? s in a cook stove, or 
grows jubilant over a tin whistle. Would you get a 
new frying-pan “before ibn ynople,” what better 
chance than tho Fair. Many ingenious devices rust 
in the factory for the v mt of an 1 Production. 
Secondly, —They are •f'.dtbv Mi mutants. The man 
• 1 —. fnU» - - —*— “I -S. T ’ r D» U! ‘UHSl uc 
ought to. Rivalry fi y,? mu’. ,pur. If not Christian 
virtues, arc at least. g.etft Incentives to effort. Who 
ever means “ to exhibit,” pays a little more attention 
to blood, and a good deal more to grooming, — he 
gives extra hoeingto his squashes, and extra manure 
to his grapes. There Is an electrical influence (n 
improvements which whole communities feel. Health 
js contagious as well as disease. Isolation, the bane 
of progress, finds its antithesis in the Agricultural 
Fair. 
Thirdly,—Oar gregarious instincts, if they did not 
“ get vent ” in this way, might fare worse. 
Entertaining such views, I accepted an invitation 
to the Fair of the Ontario Co. Agricultural Society, 
October 2d, 3d, and 4th, that I might see how one of 
the best institutions of the kind in the State was 
conducted. 
Its Fair Grounds are at Canandaigua, widely cele¬ 
brated for its beauty and the high moral, intellectual 
and social character of its citizens. They comprise 
an ample area, the usual fixtures all in good order, 
witii the addition of an “amphitheatre” capable of 
seating, I should think, four or five thousand people, 
and a chance for the rest to stand up. It-incloses an 
open area of one hundred and fifty feet diameter,— 
the building is thirty feet deep, with of course an 
outside circumference of over six hundred feet. 
Below the raised seats, around the entire building, 
are rooms occupied by vegetables, fruit, dairy pro¬ 
ducts, &c., with eight feeding stalls, where you can get 
a good meal, and which, are rented at $15 each, and 
pay the lessee well at that. Ou the other side are 
conveniences no less indispensable to large bodies of 
our fellow citizens. Back of the raised seats, above 
the rooms just mentioned, around the entire building, 
is an open space for the exhibition of domestic 
manufactures, paintings, &e., which are suspended 
against the outer wall or placed upon a table con¬ 
tiguous to it, the space affording a fine promenade to 
hundreds of young men who have the good taste to 
remember to bring the ladieB with them. 
Into the open area in the center the horses were ail 
brought successively in their varions classes, and 
were there jndged in tho presence of the people, who 
themselves sat in judgment upon the animals and 
their judges as well. I was one of the judges, and 
had a realizing senae of the difficulties and dangers 
of the position, Graut we conld satisfy ourselves 
upon all doubtful points, wbat are we to do with the 
couple of dozen exhibitors, more or less, each one 
of whom knows he has the best horse in the ring? 
Yon can easily suit one, but that leaves an over¬ 
whelming majority against you. 
Judges claimed to be honest. 1 go for the judges, 
against the people. I am not op for Congress. 
Where one judge iB bribed, or has particular friends, 
there are ten “private citizens” who can never see 
anything but beauties in their own chickens, and 
infirmities in other men’s. 
There are many “points” to consider in judging 
animals, and no horse is likely to excel all the reBt 
in every particular. One has a bad head, another a 
bad back, anothi * -Vmtder, another 
fails in the feet, ; 11. Suppose 
they are alike in i have got to 
decide whether U is than that — 
a matter that got at. Charity, 
though a little rtue; ignore 
heads and put y* i like, but be 
so kind aB to pe- id first.” 
On the otcas; the “bench’’ 
waa respected ght to expect. 
It is due to tii.- ty to say that 
manifestly thei Jecisions absfW 
AUTUMN NOTES. 
The Antumn is pretty well advanced; in a few 
weeks, and weeks are very short in a busy time, 
Winter will commence his rigorous reign. A good 
deal remains to be done before we can welcome his 
coming with anything like composure or satisfaction. 
The season has been somewhat remarkable; for up to 
this time, (Oct. 18th,) we have not observed the least 
sign of frost in this section; and ivc have not had 
an Autumn in many years more uuiavorauiu tv <\.»i 
work, on account of the almost Incessant rains. As 
a general thing we find farmers have a good 'leal of 
work yet. to do, while In some cases the requirements 
of the country and the patriotism of the people have 
made the ordinary help lighter than nsual, while 
extra assistance is more difficult to obtain. 
Wo have long observed that exemption from frost 
until late in the season is not a help but a hindrance 
to the farmer,—and in such cases winter, when it 
finally comes, finds him entirely unprepared. With 
frosta in the latter part of September or early in 
October, the work of the fall harvest commences at 
once and in earnest, and every frosty night is con¬ 
sidered as a warning—a call for extra exertions to 
prepare l’or winter with all possible speed. Then, 
too, with clear, frosty nights, we have fine, dry 
weather, favorable to out-door work. But, when 
frost keeps off until late in the season, especially if 
wet, work is delayed, the potato tops do not die, 
tnrnipB and carrots are making growth and mast not 
be disturbed, and everything moves along slowly. 
We do not realize the steady advance of the season 
until a change takes place suddenly, the ground is 
frozen, potatoes can be dug only in middle of warm 
days, and many are spoiled, everything must be hur¬ 
ried up; and cold fingers, slovenly work, and much 
loss is the result. We do not speak thus to cast 
reproach upon farmers for want of forethought, or 
because we think ourselves more wise and pradent in 
this respect than thousands of our readers, for we 
have suffered in this way more than once, but because 
if we were engaged in the practical work of the farm 
we would feel exceedingly thankful for such a gentle 
reminder, and endeavor to profit by it. We do not 
profess to be weather-wise, but rather think the pres¬ 
ent will prove to be one of those treacherous seasons 
to which we have alluded, and extraordinary care will 
be necessary to make preparations for the coming of 
winter; for come it will before long, aud perhaps 
without warning. 
Although the warm, moist autumn has produced an 
unusual quantity of fall feed, yet the coming winter 
may be long and severe, and coarse fodder that now, 
in a time of plenty, is thought almost worthless, 
before spring may assame a value not at present easy 
to realize. It is best, then, to 6ave every kind of 
fodder that can by any possibility or in any emer¬ 
gency be made available. By the modern mode of 
cutting and steaming, or scalding and mixing with 
meal or mill-feed, mach that has been heretofore con¬ 
sidered of but little value may be turned to good 
account. Should the bee refuse honey from buck¬ 
wheat because inferior to that from basswood and 
white clover, many a colony would perish by starva¬ 
tion. We have thought that many were feeding their 
meadows, especially the new ones, too close this fall, 
beiDg deceived, no doubt, by their green appearance, 
resulting from constant rains; but an examination of 
the plants would have shown that they were eaten 
almost to the roots. The ground, too, has been so 
soft that injury must result in some cases, we think, 
hut experience may not prove this to be so. 
It is strange that farmers will continue to plant 
potatoes on heavy, undrained soils, now that the dis¬ 
ease is so common. A dry, well drained soil and 
rather light, can alone be depended upon for a crop. 
We lately saw a field of Peach Blows from which 
scarcely ten bushels of sound potatoes to the acre 
were gathered. In burying potatoes this year, a dry 
knoll must be secured, as the ground is full of water. 
Before burying they should be exposed to the sun and 
air, and have a thorough dryiDg, as this will check 
the rot. 
The hogs should be put np to fatten at once, and 
they can use up the small potatoes, apples, and other 
CHEAP MODE OF V RUNTTI I.A'J'INCr ROOMS 
Ventilation is a snbjeet that we consider impor¬ 
tant, and particularly seasonable at this time. In the 
summer months our homes are well ventilated 
usually, but when the autumn comes and the dooi'B 
are closed and the windows secured bo as to prevent 
me Uisi.i urn MUTor JV" .. *■ r- 
pure air which Heaven has provided lor all, without 
money .v. l without price. If the plants in the green¬ 
house languish and lade, and no other cause is appa¬ 
rent, the gardener at once understands there is 
insufficient light or air -a want nf proper ventilation; 
and if any defect is observed in the flue so that the 
gaB can escape to taint the atmosphere, he knowB 
that tins must be corrected at once or all will perish. 
If he allowed his plants to die or even remain 
unthrifty under such circumstances, he would be dis¬ 
charged at once, as he would well deserve. Yet, our 
children • 1 in ill-ventilated rooms, 
so r Btoves that the gas is 
m t every time the coal is 
re' lisli and pine and grow 
si and if they die, we think 
it ’ Providence. No plant, 
nc mid survive one wiuter 
in jular temperature, with 
a- er-heated, dry, and itn* 
pi p those we prize more 
chimney, ana c mu ,v,u ILaii thw " blJttoJll ' by ua 
elbow joint or a side pipe. For a room occupied \>y 
three to six persons, ho recommends a pipe 7 inches 
in diameter if round, or 5 by 10 inches if ov»l or 
flattened. For a larger number of occupants, tie 
recommends an 8-inch round pipe, or better, an oval 
one 5) by 11 inches. The cost varies from $2.50 to 
$4, according to form, size, and length. 
The action is represented by the arrows In the 
engraving. The cold air comes in through the win¬ 
dows, doors, or cracks, as indicated by the arrows 
not having feathered ends. Being heavy, it settles 
downward as shown by these arrows. It is warmed 
both by being breathed and by coming in contact 
with the floor and furniture, when it dues upward as 
shown by the arrows with feathered ends. The rari- 
fied air in the upper part of a room, which lias been 
rendered most impure by exhalations from the body 
and the lungs, is drawn off by the draft of the chim¬ 
ney, dom through the pipe, and is carried away. 
Tho object of this arrangement is, to take off the air 
from tho upper part of the room, and at the same 
time avoid spoiling the draft of the stove pipe by 
any opening above the entrance. In rooms warmed 
by basement furnaces, where the pure warm air first 
rises to the top, before being nsed, the upright pipe 
is not needed, but Rimply an opening or short pipe 
at the bottom of the chimney Hue. 
ldlefield, Conn., some 
simple plan for venti- 
e had great faith; anil 
tis own house, and in 
is neighbors, he has 
ed of its utility, that 
Fall ('lowing. 
Eds. Rural Nkw-Yokkkr:—I g fall plowing of sufficient 
advantage to pay for the trouble and inconvenience? It is 
inconvenient, because, in this country, it mast be done when 
all the strength on most farms is needed to secure crops, and 
make ready for our hard winters. Of course it requires extra 
labor, because, in most cases, I suppose, it is necessary to 
plow again in the Bpring.— Plowman, Cayuga Co., N, Y. 
It is difficult toj^ive a general rule of practice in 
agriculture to which there are not so many exceptions 
as almost to destroy the rule. Circumstances, soil, 
&o,, vary much, and all these differences must be 
taken into consideration before any practice can be 
recommended or adopted with safety. This is what 
causes snch a difference of opinion as is exhibited in 
all onr agricultural meetings for discussion of practi¬ 
cal questions, and in the communications furnished 
the Agricultural Press even by the best and most 
successful farmers. One plows the ordinary depth, 
then follows with the subsoil plow, and in this way, 
by deep and thorough tillage, raises large crops of 
corn, and can do so in no other way. Another hears 
this statement with surprise; for three, or at most, 
four inches, is as deep as he woold ever plow for 
corn. With deeper tillage than this every attempt to 
grow a crop had proved a failure. Here is a differ¬ 
ence in belief and practice between the two farmers, 
that in the opinion of the less thoughtful entirely 
destroys faith in the reliability of both, and their 
words are regarded as of no more value than the 
“ sounding brass or tinkling cymbal.” But by more 
careful inquiry we learn that the first lives on a heavy 
limestone farm, with a rich, yet stiff and Impervious 
subsoil, which it is of the greatest importance should 
be broken np and gradually mixed with the surface. 
The last has his home on a lighter, thinner soil, with 
a porous, gravelly subsoil. Nothing is to he gained 
by breaking up or mixing this soil with the surface 
earth. The great object to be sought on soils of this 
nature is to add to and enrich the Burface, which 
must be done by manuring and turning under green 
crops. 
Daring the past week we b^ve been upon soils that 
would be much improved by being plowed up and 
left to the action of the frosts, and upon others that 
would receive no particular benefit from the practice. 
Frost is a cheap and most effectual pulverizer of stiff 
clay soils. In the spring they should not be touched 
until so dry as to crumble freely. This course will 
subdue the most stubborn clay, that is, if well 
luteh 
in the 
The 
were 
of Mr 
much 
were i 
Can an 
style a 
experil 
lions, 
advance 
to have 
less attei 
Vegetab 
ity, frun 
Mrs. Gki 
sauce,” i 
Looking 
bered ths 
Jlower “ti 
have ridu 
that was a 
f should 
full. I sa 
gies,—T ah 
paint, —an 
finished, d 
making dea 
The paint 
creditable t 
Mrs. Richas 
meat. I w? 
work,” “seea woia, u 
Domestic manufactu 
good quality. Here m 
prodigally stitci^fl 
v;irh ty of i JM 
. 
.i 
■ aS • 
generous confidence 
become what we feed upon. The appointments of 
tho household, the familiar objects of our youth, are 
blended witli our being. Can wo fashion and form 
them with too much care? Wiser than wisdom is 
the instinct that beautifies a dwelling place. It is tit 
that the heart’s best affections should center on 
“ home,” and genius and labor make it worthy of 
the life that is aud the life to como. 
Not the least interesting feature of the exhibition 
was the drill of some youthful Kouaves, in bright 
colors, who gave a patriotic flavor to the festival. 
Mr. Smith, the President of the Society, Messrs. 
ORANGE a and Holrebton, tlic Secretaries, Mr. Jar¬ 
vis and other Assistants, all deserve the highest 
credit for their labors and efforts in behalf of agri¬ 
culture. 
I embraced the occasion to call upon friends in 
Canandaigua, whom I had known more than twenty 
years ago when I attended the Academy under the 
charge of Prof. How*. I was glad to liud the Pro¬ 
fessor, with ago renewed, giving his aid to rural 
improvements. I called upon Mr. Giukon Granger, 
the Secretary, lie showed mo some fine Alderneys, 
aud, being a profound admirer of good milk, I deter¬ 
mined to recommend these cows to the “distin¬ 
guished consideration” of my countrymen. I am 
satisfied that, considering the amount of food they 
consume, and the quality of milk they yield, they 
are worthy of a more extensive introduction. A 
fine span of horses, weighing eleven or twelve 
hundred each, in Mr. Granger’s barn, and which I 
«aw move afterwards at about a three minute gate, 
proved that the true American horse is one smooth 
>f and handsome enough for the carriage, fast enough 
L for the road, and strong enough for the team and the 
L^jlow. Mr. Granger resides at the old mansion of 
B^G-andfather, who was Post Master General under 
I^scton, Adams, and .Ieukerson. It uiubines 
H^!’ simplicity. He k««qis it in good order, 
^Lli in cuts hi- taste, m well a* Hint of ins 
Wife. Mr 'Ms long I wen ;i iuDori- 
■ .rtliy ' 
btle, swine and sheep 
ebrated Merino flock 
imfield, contributed 
show. The horses 
fine. Dr. Carr, of 
nimals that had tho 
! them credit with 
nger class of stal- 
showed a marked 
mmittee would like 
qs. Fruit received 
interest demanded. 
1 of excellent qual- 
lalleliijah squash.” 
7 off for “ garden 
ie samples shown, 
ollectlon, 1 remem- 
nonneed the cauli- 
,” Sentimentalists 
’s taste, bat really 
nsions. 
lepartraent was not 
1 ivell painted bug- 
1 timber under the 
and elaborately 
evolent design of 
ible. 
bited were highly 
Vhom were young, 
^lit in this depart- 
Jcimens of “hair 
) 
