TTQTTI-t CENTS, 
{WHOLE NO. 618 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1861 
calculations arc often the most unreliable things in 
brought over and sold for that purpose. These little 
animals—for they are rather smaller than the Kerry 
cow—give a good deal of milk (say from five to 
seven quarts a day,) cost very littlo to keep, and nre 
as quiet and gentle as a lamb, arid will follow the 
person who tends them about, like a spaniel, when 
kindly treated. At present, as novelties, they sell 
rather high; but when they become more common 
and cheap, they will be well adapted to the cottager 
who has an allotment of land. Unlike the Jersey 
cow, the Bretonne Is a hardy animal, ‘active and 
strong, though gentle and quiet. Hardy by nature, 
she thrives under any circumstances, and, when well 
cared for and stall fed, fattens rapidly. She has 
indeed the greatest aptitude for laying on (lesh as 
soon as the secretion of milk is suspended. It, will 
be found that in proportion as they are allowed 
exercise, when well fed, they will continue to give 
existence. Notwithstanding the old maxim, figures 
are responsible for the worst agricultural fibs perpe¬ 
trated. 
Mr. F. says truly that those in England who depend 
upon the soil for a livelihood are divided into three 
classes, the landlords or great landowners, the farmers 
who lease their land of the landowners, in lota vary¬ 
ing at from ono hundred to one thousand acres, and 
the laborers who work for the farmers. The latter 
class he describes as 111 paid for their labors, earn¬ 
ing only about forty cents per day. This fact allows 
the farmer to pay heavy rents and taxes, and make a 
living profit. “Were the BngdjMbmor compelled 
to pay American prices for the ifflGron his farm for a 
term of five years, ho would bo entirely ruined— 
nttiM-lv unable to nay his rent, and national hftnk- 
Mode of Construction. — Nail the boards to two 
sets of posts to form two opposite sides. Cut two 
strips of board abont 10 feet 4 iuches long; stand the 
side upright and nail these strips across the top and 
then bring the other 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WXKKI.T 
AGRICULTURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
CHAS. D. BRA9DON, Western Correspoinlinii Editor. 
bottom —across the diameter 
endB within five feet and nail on the hoards across the I 
end. You will then have three sides formed. Nail 
on the other two opposite sides and end. Fut on the 
braces and it is done. It can be moved to different 
parts of the yard, and with proper care, will last a 
number of years.” 
Judge Jesse Buell’s Cattle Rack. — More than 
twenty years ago Judge Bitell described in the 
Albany Cultivator the annexed plan for Cattle Boxes. 
A correspondent of Milan, Ohio, writes ns that soon 
after its publication he “ built sufficient to accommo¬ 
date his stock, and they are now in pretty good repair, 
although they have been exposed to the weather, nud 
J value them as 
This Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value. Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. It* Conductor devotes hie per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnebtly labors to render the Rcral an eminently 
Reliable Guide on all the important Practical. Scientific and 
other Subjects intimately connected with the bnsincs* of those 
whose interest-* It tealonsly advocates. As a Family Journal 
it is eminently Instructive and Eutertainfnsr-belnf so con¬ 
ducted that it run be safely token to the Hearts and Homiis of 
people of intelligence, taste and discrimination It embraces 
more Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, 
Literary and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and 
beautiful Enuravlngs. than any Other Journal, —rendering 
it the most complete AorioBLTURAl, Literary anti t amily 
Nbwspai-kr in America. 
have proved every way satisfactory, 
equivalent to many years’ payment to an agricultural 
paper.” He reports the manner of construction as 
follows:— 
Having traveled over many of the counties in the 
South of England, I can fully agree to the truthful¬ 
ness of the above in tTie main. I believe in agricul¬ 
tural improvement, but If we cannot. Improve oui 
agriculture without depriving the men who labor of 
the just reward of their toll, without compelling them 
by the fears of starvation to put their women and little 
children to the severe labor of the fields and the 
manure yards, then it will he more to our honor and 
glory that our agriculture should remain in its present 
condition. Many a man who boasts of the fine and 
sleek condition of his stock, cau look without a par- 
ticla of pity upon the half-starved and over worked 
laborers who would fain satisfy their hunger by 
dining with the cattle'. Think of the best plowmen 
of Scotland, tho best iu the world, living for months 
upon oatmeal alone, with an allowance of loss than 
twenty-five cents a week for luxuries, usually expended 
for butter. It is not strange that America is considered 
by the poor of Europe as the land of promise; but it 
is strange that, vit.lt snch a glorious laud, where there 
is enough for All, and where every industrious man, 
with the ordinary blessings of Providence, can secure 
enough for himself and family, that wo so often com¬ 
plain, and are so unmindful of the blessings we enjoy. 
The next paper is one of the longest and dryest. in 
the book, although on a moist Bubjeot, Irrigation, in 
which E. Goodrich Smith, >»f Washington, gives us 
the history of the subject from that great and univer¬ 
sal irrigation, sometimes culled a Hood, down to the 
last freshet of Mud Creek. A thousand such docu¬ 
ments would not add much to the wealth or wisdom 
of the wurking farmers of America. Traveler. 
long. Then, through the middle, icnginwise, „„ UUH 
top of the last cross pieces lay a good, still', straight 
polo, a, with a cross piece under it In the middle. 
This done, take common fence stakes, or small poles, 
b, b, 7 feet long, And crosB them on the middlo pole, 
a, on each side alternately, until tllft whole crib is 
filled, then lay another pole, c, c, on each side of tho 
crib well notched into the cross pieces, d, d, to pre¬ 
vent their being pushed out of place; and the rack is 
completed. 
The above Bkcteh shows an end view. The space, 
a, between the rack and sides of the crib, forms a 
manger Into which all tho scattering fodder falls, so 
that there is no possibility of the cattle treading on 
any. I think it far preferable to square boxes, or any 
other barn-yard apparatus that has ever come under 
my observation.” i 
SHEEP AND CATTLE BACKS, 
convenient Cattle and Sheep Backs. This promise 
wo now redeem, and we are satisfied that tho subject 
is not only seasonable, but will be found exceedingly 
profitable to those who have requested the Informa¬ 
tion, and to all others who have sheep and cattle to 
care for the coming winter. Most of the plans are 
furnished by correspondents who havo made and 
used what they describe, and they are therefore much 
nmw fpIRI.U *' C- ’ 1 --L 
Cattle Hack and Tkocou. — A correspondent of 
Lobo, Canada West, furnishes the following, which 
ho says is superior to anything lie had before seen oi¬ 
nked;— “ It is so constructed that there is no danger 
of tho larger cattle throwing the smaller ones into 
•the trough, or of their in any way becoming entan¬ 
gled in the rack. It is well adapted to feeding straw, 
chaff, bran, turnips, <V<0, Being portable Its position 
may easily be changed. 
Usa a foot ammns Kav I r*r>ntriu»t tu» <li- 
mensiou* every way; for oxen or large steers, ir sucli 
are fed separate, the opening, B, may be enlarged a 
few inchoB. But the dimensions of the above plan 1 
have found to answer well for the barn-yard for cattle 
of all sizes, except calves, which ought always to be 
kept separate. If the opening, B, is too large, small 
cattle will convert the box into a bedstead; if too 
small, the cross-piece, A, will press too hard on the 
necks of the large animals. 
Some contrivance of the kind I can commend very 
heartily to my brother larmers. The hay is saved 
from waste, whether little or much is fed. The farmer 
is saved from ranch care, either iu his own person, or 
on behalf of the boys who fodder the cattle, in relation 
to the quantity fed, for the boxes are an unfailing 
index of the appetite of the animals—and if it he de¬ 
sired the cattle may be occasionally foddered over 
night for the next morning, or vice versa. When orts 
gather in the boxes, the cattle may be stinted to con¬ 
sume them, or a little brine will render the mess 
palatable.” 
Kukri* Back.— J. S. Beecher, of Livonia, N. Y., 
some time si nee furnished us with the following, which 
j lie adopted, after trying several other kinds. He says: 
EUROPEAN AGR1CUL TUBE 
Preserving Potatoes by Burying Deeply. 
A correspondent of the Scottish Farmer writes 
to that journal, corroborating certain statements of 
the editor relative to the preservative principle of 
seeds bnried beyond the action of air and molstnre, 
and relates an instance where potatoes were thus 
buried six feet from the earth’s surface, which, after 
two years, were e.xhnmed, and found quite sound 
and good for use. He says: 
“The case I refer to was the result of accident, 
and happened in. this manner. I had an old ice well 
of the ordinary description, which I abandoned 
when I built one of doable timbers on tho surface, 
after the American fashion. My gardener used for 
several years the old well as a potato store. It hap¬ 
pened three years ago that the roof fell in and buried 
several hundred weight of potatoes, which, as we 
had plenty, were not cared for at tho time. Last 
year we required stones for r certaiu purpose, and 
had those forming the sides and roof of the ice-house 
dug out, when to our astonishment we found almost 
the whole of the potatoes as sound as those of the 
same year’s crop. I mention tins, as it may be 
turned to account In seasons when wo have, as we 
had last year, a surplus crop, that by bnrying them 
deep enough, and in a dry place, we might soenre 
ourselves against a short crop, as in all probability 
will he the case this year on account of tho prevail¬ 
ing disease. In mentioning this to a friend learned 
in snch matters, he tells me that potatoes bnried ono 
foot deep produce shoots near the end of spring; at 
tho depth of two feet they appear about the middlo 
of Btimracr; at three feet in depth, they appear very 
short, aDd never come to the surface; and between 
three and five feet they cease to vegetate. He further 
informs me that lie has buried potatoes in his garden 
at the depth of three and a half feet, which were 
not removed uut.il after one and two years, when 
they were found quite sound, and possessed their 
original freshness, firmness, goodness and taste.” 
with your manure the ammonia that would otherwise 
llyaway, and you have also anewaud most important 
agent introduced, viz., the carbonate of soda, which 
is a powerful solvent of all vegetable fiber.” 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES 
PATENT OFFICE AO. REPORT 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— In my last I gave my 
views of the management of the Agricultural I)e- 
of the Patent Office, with some notice of 
“The cut will explain itself. It is M feet long, 32 | 
inches wide, 27 inches high, and 16 inches from the 
ground to bottom of trough. The frame is made of 
3 by 4 scantling— the bottom of inch boards —the 
sides and ends of two-inch plank —the end planks 
rise fonr incheB above the side planks to receive the 
ends ef rack and to form a hinge so as to turn up 
against the center post, where the middle rung 
passes between two wooden Hpring hooks which hold 
it while the trough i-3 being Glled. The rack should 
be made of tough wood, the side pieces of 2 by 3 inch, 
the rungs 1| inch square and 9 1-16 inches apart.” 
Hexagon Catti.k Rack. — From a friend, in Ox¬ 
ford county, Maine, we have a plan of a hexagon 
rack, which is said to be far superior, in point of 
economy and convenience, to anything which had 
come under the author’s notice, and to be easily 
made by any one possessing Ordinary skill in using 
tools. 
“ Come, B., go with me ont to tho .Summit, and 
see my grasshoppers; the train leaves at 4 o’clock; 
be at my office precisely at half past three, will 
you?” said tho Hon. John Wkntwortu to the 
writer, a few days ago, as wo left tho dinner table 
at the Tremont. I determined to go, inasmuch as I 
had lived' live years within twelve miles of the farm 
whence has been scattered so many Sull'olks and 
South-Downs, through the West, and yet had not 
seen it. Accordingly, I was “on hand” promptly 
at 3J o’clock. 
wuo is “long JOHN?” 
it will he natural for Home of the Rural’s readers 
to ask that question, and a reply may be necessary 
and appropriate. There arc few Western men who 
partment 
the plants ready for distribution, and some notes on 
the volume Jnst issued for distribution among the 
politicians and farmers of the country, the “ Patent 
Office Report, Agricultural, for 1860.” The latter I 
purpose to oontiuue. 
The first paper in tho Report is one of formidable 
proportions, being nearly 50 pages closely printed, 
on Fertilizers, by Hon. Thomas G. Clbmenson, the 
present Superintendent of Agricultural Affairs of the 
United States. It Is prepared with a good deal of 
labor, mostly from European authorities, and con¬ 
tains nothing new. It will he read by bnt few; and 
he wbo reads it the most attentively will hardly find 
a hint that will be useful in practice to pay for bis 
labor. 
A still more lengthy document follows by D. A. 
Wells, of Troy, N. Y. It is made np of extracts from 
American and Foreign Agricultural Journals. A few 
years since Mr. W. published a volume of similar 
extracts, called the Year Rook o) Agriculture, design¬ 
ing to continue its publication annually, but it 
obtained a small circulation only, not sufficient, I 
presume, to justify a continuance of the work. The 
selections are made with tolerably good judgment, 
and this is really one of the moat valuable documents 
to farmers in tho Report. 
A year or two ago the Hon. Henry F. French, of 
Exeter, New Hampshire, made a trip to Europe, for the 
purpose of examiningaud perhaps purchasing improv¬ 
ed stock, and furnished to some of the Massachusetts 
papers interesting letters on what he saw and heard 
in England. Mr. F. has written out his notes in full, 
and furnished for the Report an interesting paper 
which he calls Observations on English Husbandry. 
He believes Americans may study the practices of 
Europeans with profit, and with this opinion I fully 
agree; for though our condition and practices are 
necessarily dissimilar in many respects, the nearer 
SECTION OF SIDE VIEW. 
“ It is cheap, strong and easily moved. Tt consists of 
four posts, 4 by 4 Beantllng, 3 feet, long, morticed near 
the top to receive the upper rail, which should be 2 
by 4, or Ij by 4, with the tenon lacing outward, so 
that when put together, the face of the rail shall be 
one inch within the outer edge of the posts. The bot¬ 
tom board, 10 or 12 inches in width, is nailed npon 
the outside 3 or 1 inches from the bottom of the posts. 
The upright strips are 5 or 6 iuches wide, 1 inch thick, 
and are nailed upon the outside of the upper rail and 
the inside of the board, with sixpenny nailB, with 
about 6 inches space according to the size of the sheep 
to be fed in them. The boards should he planed, at 
least the edges, to prevent the wool being torn from 
the sheep. A farmer with fair mechanical genius and 
good tools can make one In a day that will accommo¬ 
date 25 sheep, and it will pay for itself in a single year. 
Cattle for tho Dairy. 
In a review of the volume issued by Prof. Gam- 
gee, the editor of the Mark Lane Express writes: 
“Professor O.’s work is of a more general descrip¬ 
tion, and embraces the choice of cattle on scientific 
principles, in the formation of a dairy. Ho agrees 
in this respect with most of the best informed and 
practical men,—that the Yorkshire Bhort-horns are 
in every respect the best adapted to the dairy; ami, 
although the Suffolk polled, the Ayrshire and the 
Alderney breeds have still their advocates, tho Short¬ 
horns are now the dominant race in every dairy 
district in the kingdom. They are found not only to 
yield a large meal of milk, and to hold their milk 
longer after they aro in calf, but the calves make 
more valuable oxen, and the cows, after five or six 
years’ milking, fatten readily, and make good beef. 
The milk, it Is true, is less rich in cream than the 
Devon or Hereford, and a cross between either of 
these and the Bhort-horn has been found to improve 
the quality of the milk, without deteriorating the 
cattle in other respects. 
“For private families the Alderney has hitherto 
been a great favorite, on account of disposition. A 
new‘race, however, has recently been introduced 
from France, that is likely, we think, to obtain some 
patronage as a family cow; this is the Bretonne 
breed, of which a considerable number have been 
“ The shape, as will be seen, is six Bided, or in the 
form of a hexagon. It consists of 6 upright posts 5 
feet long — 3 by 4 scantling will answer, or round 
poles 3 ®r 4 inches through will do very well — and 
12 boards, each 1 foot in width and 5 feet long. 
These latter nailed to the posts horizontally will form 
the box. To strengthen the whole and keep the cat¬ 
tle from stepping over the sides, nail strips of thick 
fioard or plank flatwise across the upper end of the 
posts. Then nail two boards diagonally upon each side, 
extending from the top of the posts to the bottom of 
the box, leaving a space of about a foot and a half in 
the center on a line with the upper edge of the box. 
These slanting boards serve as braces, and give 
strength and firmness to the whole structare, and make 
Bix feeding places for the cattle. If scantling is used 
for posts, it would be well to hew off the corner from 
each, so as to make the boards fit well. 
END VIEW. 
The advantages of this rack are that it is portable, 
the seed does not get into the wool, the sheep cannot 
crowd each other, and all have an equal chance. No 
11 Lansiiu 
