114 
to i inch in diameter with occasional larger pieces. At Roseneath 
Station, 16 miles north-west from Casterton, there is another piece of 
the Tertiary plateau 640 feet above sea-level. There is pisolitic iron 
ore sparsely disseminated near the surface, but no extensive deposits were 
observed. Mr. F. Chapman, A.L.S., kindly examined a specimen of 
rock collected about 1 mile north-east from the Roseneath homestead, 
and found it to be a limestone composed largely of Polyzoa; also ossicles 
of ? Antedon sp., fragments of a Gorgonid, numerous Foraminifera and 
several valves of Ostracoda (Bairdia and Cytherella). He considers 
them to be Tertiary beds of Barwonian age. At Maryvale Station the 
whole country is of Tertiary material, .but it is undulating; its height 
above sea-level is about 500 feet. Soft mottled red and grey sandstone 
projects through the surface at about 1 mile south of the homestead, and 
4! miles W. 30 deg. N. from the station, in the scrub, there are also 
outcrops of such soft sandstone. The present watershed appears to 
run nearly east and west at Gcroke, the fall of the ground being north¬ 
ward and southward from this line. At one period ail the olaer rocks 
of this district, excepting the Grampiaps, were concealed beneath the 
Tertiary beds, but the denudation that has since taken place on a vast 
scale has disclosed a variety of older rocks in the valleys, and has 
changed what was at one time a dreary plain into most beautiful and 
picturesque country. Besides the iron ore that occurs in the Tertiary 
beds, there is also limestone very extensively developed in the region 
around Mt. Arapiles. It is tufaceous limestone, and burns into an ex¬ 
cellent lime which is largelv used for building purposes. Lime-burning 
is carried on principally at Mitre Lake. Basalt of Tertiary age occurs 
in small outliers, as shewn by Mr. Ferguson, at Roseneath P.R., 
on Nolan’s Creek, 3J miles further to the north, and at one or two other 
sites near by; also at Chetwynd where a few square miles are covered 
by basalt, and between Chetwynd and Harrow is another outcrop. 
Jurassic Coal-bearing Beds. 
The Jurassic beds do not appear to extend much to the north of a 
line drawn from Hamilton through Coleraine and on to Roseneath. 
Southward they are exposed for a mile or more south of Merino, and 
then they are concealed by Tertiary beds, and their full extent is unknown. 
Eastward they are covered by basalt, and westerly they narrow in like 
a wedge at Roseneath. The length of these beds exposed is about 30 
miles, and they are 20 miles wide in the broadest part. The exposed 
part is probably but a fraction of what lies buried below the Tertiary 
covering, and in all. probability these rocks extend to the coast. ' p he 
valleys and dales , that have been scooped out of the extremely soft 
clayey shales and sandstones are famous for their fertility. The soil 
ranges from grey to brown and black. 
Most of the beds are little firmer than clay, and they are not nearly 
so indurated as the Jurassic rocks of Gippsland. On the road to Cole¬ 
raine, and about 6 miles from Merino 1 , there is one quarry in firm sand¬ 
stone that would be useful for building. It is about 400 feet above sea- 
level and 200 feet below the top of the Tertiary plateau. The sand¬ 
stone is of grey colour, and shews much false bedding. It withstands 
the weather well. 
Fragments or white vein quartz are common in the sandstone, which 
is used as road metal. The dip of the beds is about 5 degs. to the 
northward. About 2\ miles north of Casterton, opposite the quarry 
for road metal in a rock resembling dacite, a roa . cutting exposes the 
