son, highly colored, and promises to he one of 
the best early summer pears. Rev. Mr, Clift, 
who describes it in the Agriculturist , says it is 
pronounced by competent judges, very good, 
if not best. 
ABOUT OUR FORESTS 
HOUSEHOLD LEAKS, 
Fuel is scarce—especially wood—and brings a 
high price. The rail-roads want it. Their sheds 
are empty andsome of the roads in this State are 
now burning green wood at a great sacrifice of 
their own interests and the public convenience. 
The New York Central, wc learn, has been com¬ 
pelled to purchase its wood in Canada, paying 
for It. of course in Canada currency or gold. 
Whether it then costs more to them than here, 
or not, we. are not informed ; but it. must be an 
inconvenience because it requires transportation 
when the stock of the road is overtaxed already 
to handle the freight offered. 
Now this demand will probably stimulate the 
further destruction of forests; and this should be 
looked upon by horticulturists with apprehen¬ 
sion. The farmer must also feel the influence of 
their destruction, for it not only affects the 
beauty of the landscape, but deprives the horti¬ 
culturist and the farmer of a protection and 
influence which they can illy spare. The climatic 
influence of forests is no new topic ; and yet it is 
riot sufficiently considered, apparently, by the 
classes referred to. At our horticultural gather¬ 
ings, almost invariably, there is testimony given 
which proves how radical are the changes pro¬ 
duced by the disappearance of our wood lands. 
The winds which have uninterrnpled sweep, de¬ 
stroy the vitality of our plants, shrubs, vines and 
fruit trees—rendering them lees productive, and 
in some causes and with some of the fruits, en¬ 
tirely unreliable. The forests gone, the soil is 
rendered less productive by the increased evapo¬ 
ration which results, and the consequent, cold 
surfaces. Long and serious drouths, which seem 
to increase in length and severity each successive 
year, are not so much due to “ provideutial 
causes ” as to natural causes Increased in their 
action by this destruction of forests, whose ab¬ 
sence increases the extremes of summer aud win¬ 
ter temperature, prevent the condensation of 
moisture in the atmosphere and disturb the order 
aud character of the seasons. 
Noah Webster 6fdd in 1770: —“When the 
forest, is gone, the reservoir of moisture stored 
up in its vegetable mold is evaporated, and re¬ 
turns only In deluges of rain to wash away the 
parched dust into which that mold has been 
converted. The well wooded and humid hills 
are turned to ridges of dry rock, which encum¬ 
bers the low grounds and chokes the water¬ 
courses with its debris,—and except in countries 
favored with an equable distribution of rain 
through the seasons, and a moderate aud regular 
inclination of surface—the whole earth, unless 
rescued by human art from the physical degra¬ 
dation to which it tends, becomes an assemblage 
of bald mountains, of barren, turfless hills, and 
of swampy and malarious plains'. There are 
parts of Asia Minor, of Northern Africa, of 
Greece, and even of Alpine Europe, where the 
operation of causes set in action by man has 
brought the face of (be earth to a desolution 
almost as complete sis that of the moon; and 
though, within that brief space of time which we 
call “the historical period,” 
A FLORIST'S BOQUET 
Take a dutey, and look at it with a strong mag¬ 
nifying glass. You will see that it is made up, 
both border and middle, both rays and disk, of a 
number of little florets clustered together. Our 
ball bouquets are made after the same model. I 
have now to make one large circular flower with 
the separate florets in my basket. I first tie my 
buuch of box with string, and clip its top with 
shears, so that it resembles a circular pincushion 
or an artichoke bottom. It is the foundation of 
the structure; botanists wonld call it the recep¬ 
tacle of my composite flower, Here, I have bits 
of common rush, about ten or eleven inches long; 
there, I have bits of non-elastic Iron wire, about 
as thick as a horse hair, some three inches long. 
With a twist of wire I attach each flower to the 
end of a rush, giving it thus an artificial stem. 
You see how quickly it is done, especially when 
one has three or four helping hands. We will 
now stick the rush pins Into the box cushion — 
the flowers on their common receptacle. In the 
centre I put my Gloire de Dijon rose, surround¬ 
ing it with a circlo of heliotrope ; next comes a 
circle of Aimee Vihert; next of scarlet geranium; 
next of yellow calceolaria, and next of fancy 
pelargoniums. The whole is surrounded with a 
loose and hazy framework of glistening and 
trembling gypsophilas. The floral su rface is even 
and convc-x. The shears shorten the rushes to a 
convenient length, and the boquet is slipped 
into a funnel-shaped holder or ease of eard-fringed 
with paper stamped into lace. All the scaf¬ 
folding Is hidden; the blossoms only meet the 
eye. As a finishing touch, the fuchsias are in¬ 
serted round the edge, so as to droop like 
peudauts over the lace. 
But a boquet so built cannot last long. Of 
course not. Putting it into water to preserve it 
would be as efficacious as putting your wooden 
leg into a foot bath to cure a cold. A vapor 
bath and a slight sprinkling, through the instru¬ 
mentality of a tin box, or a cool wet towel, 
might refresh it a little. But, que voules vous ? 
’Tis their destiny. To-night’s boquet graces 
the day after to-morrow’s dust heap .—All the 
Year Round. 
BOUQUET OF ORNAMENTAL GRASSES. 
A, Briza geniculata; B. Lagurus ovatns; C, Brizopvram eiculum ; D, Briza maxima 
E, Bromus brizoporoides; F, Agrostis nebulosa. 
BLIGHT IN PEARS 
known that the grape could be successfully 
grown in almost any locality by the proper cul¬ 
ture, aud since the demand for knowledge of the 
best modes of culture has been generally sup¬ 
plied, its cultivation has been largely extended. 
If a man manufact ures a garden implement of 
great merit, it has no value to gardeners until 
they learn its use and how to use it. If the 
atarden.-r buys tho iroplen>*»*v* ^-'Giout having, 
first learned how to use it, after one or twu umis 
and failures, to find its true use and value, he 
may condemn it; and yet it may be of great 
value to him, notwithstanding. So it is the 
dealer’s interest to accompany liis implement 
with the fullest directions for its employment. 
Doing so, he insures its good reputatiou and an 
Increasing demand for it; neglecting to do so, 
he insures, often, the disaffection of tho pur¬ 
chaser aud an extended prejudice against it. So 
with flower and vegetable seeds: if the dealer 
distributes a description of the product of his 
seed, tho kind of soil required, gives the mode 
of preparation, tells how and when to plant, and 
how to cultivate to secure success, his sale of 
seeds will be in proportion to the extent to 
Which he distributes this knowledge; and liis 
continued success will be in proportion to the 
accuracy and completeness of his directions, the 
quality of his seeds, aud the realization of the 
results he predicted, by his customers. Of 
course, it will be seen that it is for the dealer’s 
interest to make bis directions as complete and 
accurate as is possible. Wc believe Mr. Vick 
has fully recognized this principle or policy, in 
the preparation of the catalogue before us. We 
know of no more complete Floral Guide, for the 
gurden, published anywhere, by anybody. Tt is 
a book of about sixty pages, finely illustrated 
with colored plates and engravings of plants and 
I lowers drawn from nature, it is eutitlod to a 
prominent place among current horticultural 
literature, and merits all the good words that 
cun be said of it. 
P0M0L0GICAL GOSSIP 
At a recent meeting of the Ohio Pomological 
Society Dr. Kirtland is reported as having 
talked of a new theory concerning the cause of 
Pear Blight, based upou microscopic investi¬ 
gations by Prof. Salisbury showing that this 
disease is caused by the propagation and growth 
of minute fungi In the sap and albumen of the 
trees, and giving facts supporting the theory. 
a j a *qtt>— -- vy^ventivo of these diseases in 
fruit trees, Dr. K. saiu me use oi copperas, tu 
solution, as a wash for the bark, or syringing the 
leaves and fruit, was found very valuable; also 
the application of old iron, blacksmith’s sweep¬ 
ings, etc., to the roots. He expressed strong 
confidence that these applications would be 
found a complete remedy Tot the fire blight in 
Pear Trees, that worst scourge of the Pomologist. 
Winfield Apple .—Described by Mr. S. Foster of 
Muscatine, Iowa, as one of the handsomest ap¬ 
ples he has ever seen, and so say all who have 
seen it. It is a seedling, the original tree stand¬ 
ing in Mr. Winfield’s orchard, iu his neighbor¬ 
hood. Tree, pyramidal shape, top high, lower 
branches spreading, tbrytv, and quite hardy, 
n.-.—„ - i ~--* —•■■“O 01 tmw ., Af T., wa 
a fine crop every 
year, and some years a very large crop. Fruit, 
medium size, very round and fair, somewhat re¬ 
sembling Maiden's Blush, but not as oblate, nor 
as deep a blush, and more of the white waxen 
beautiful 
brunches spreading, tbrftv, 
v ....tuj OI tUc. 
uninjured; quite productive 
they arc known to 
have been covered with luxuriant woods, verdant 
pastures, and fertile meadows, they are now too 
far deteriorated to be reclaitnnblc by muu; nor 
can they become again fitted for human use, ex¬ 
cept through great geological changes, or other 
mysterious influences or agencies, of which we 
have no present knowledge, and over which we 
have no present prospective control.” 
Wohaveseen It somewhere suggested, recently, 
that the planting ol forests should be encouraged 
—that groves should be planted systematically— 
that this should be done, not only because of a 
prospective scarcity of fuel notwithstanding the 
apparent inexhaustibility of our cool resources, 
but because of tlio climatic Influence that would 
result. We think the latter the more important 
reason, while the first Is entitled to consideration 
because of the profit likely to result. Our popu¬ 
lation Is increasing; with this increase the de¬ 
mand for fuel, ami timber for economical uses 
also increases, aud yet the supply is uot only 
diminishing, but the cost of obtaining this sup 
ply is largely enhanced by its remoteness. 
Horace Greeley is reported to have said re¬ 
cently that his wood land is the ouly part of bis 
farm that does not run him in debt, and yet Its 
anuual increase iu value Is probably greater iu 
proportion to the capital invested and labor ex 
pended than any other portion. So, groves of 
forest trees of such varieties as shall secure, not 
only the most valuable wood for fuel, but tho 
most desirable timber for manufacturing purpo*< s 
will pay better for a long term of years than 
the same investment in seven per cent, bonds. 
Of course we refer only to localities where forests 
have disappeared sufficiently to affect both the 
climate and the supply oftimberlur use, seriously. 
, tender, 
best even 
Sells readily, 
and considered the best market apple for August 
and September. 
All Summer Apple. — From Conestoga, Lan¬ 
caster Co., Pa. Introduced by Caspar Hiller, a 
few years since, who named it All Summer from 
the fact of its being in use from ~0th of June till 
September. A handsome grower, regular bear¬ 
er, not failing in five years. The trees commence 
bearing in the nursery, aud seven apples have 
been counted ou a four year old tree, which was 
growing as thriftily as any others around it that 
had none on. Fruit, small to medium size, 
nearly round 
pale bluish tinge ou the sunny side 
an inch long, deeply imbedded; c 
closed, set iu a deep regular basin 
white, delicate, 
ous but not high flavor. , 
The KUatiny Blackberry 
appearance — most 
pleasant acid, very good for eookin; 
iu July when two-thirds growu 
horticultural amt (Qutvie# 
Fruit Geo webs’ Society op Western New York. 
—The Winter Meeting of the Fruit Growers’ Society 
of Western New York, will be held at the Court House 
in the. City of Rochester, commencing on Tuesday the. 
21th day of January. Session to commence at 11 
o'clock in the forenoon. Members, and all interested 
in the culture of Fruit are invited to be present and 
to bring with them specimens of fruits for exhibition. 
An Ohio Grape Growers' Association is projected, 
the object to be tho gathering and. collating and pub¬ 
lishing of information relative to all matters pertain¬ 
ing to the Urape Vine—its fruits, uses, &e. Meetings 
to be held quarterly, or oftener, at different points, as 
the Society shall determine, and an exhibition of 
grapes and wine annually. All persons interested in 
this subject and willing to become members are re¬ 
quested to send their names to F. R. Eixiott, Cleve¬ 
land, Ohio. 
skin, greenish white, very clear 
; stalk, half 
alyx, small, 
; flesh, very 
crisp, juicy, with a pleasant viu- 
Junc to September. 
f .—This is the name of 
a new variety, about to be introduced to notice. 
It has been cultivated a few years, having been 
found iu the mountains of that name. Iu the 
habit and vigor of the plant it resembles the 
Lawton, and is a most profuse bearer. The 
foliage is more coarsely serrate than the former, 
and the berries are longer and more irregular, 
some of them measuring oue and a half inches 
long, and three inches iu circumference. This 
description very nearly corresponds with the 
Dorchester, aud like that kind, the berries are 
sweet, before they are quite ripe, aud are iu eat 
lng at the same time, viz,: from tho last of July 
to tho end of August. Probably it may be a de¬ 
sirable variety. 
IXttitoum Apple,—Introduced by Mrs. Van 
Namee of l’ittstown, N. Y. The editor of the 
Country Gentleman says he has given it a fair 
trial, not only as a table fruit, but for stewing 
aud baking, and it appears to be a fine variety. 
It appears to be intermediate between the Fall 
Pippin and Fall Orange. It is of rather large 
size, measuring three inches in diameter, each 
way, roundish, slightly oblong, handsome, 
smooth, and regular; skin, light yellow, often 
with a flue blush; stem, in a wide and deep 
cavity; calyx, with long segments in a wide 
wrinkled basin; flesli, yellowish white, tender, 
mild, sub-acid, slightly spicy, with a good or 
very good flavor. 
The liters ihir.—A uew pear, raised iu 1848, 
from the White Doyenne, by Rev. Absalom 
Peters of Williamstowu, Mass. It is perfectly 
hardy, a vigorous grower, an abundant bearer, 
and gives crops every year. It bore the present 
year over a bushel of fruit. The pear ripens in 
WUHamstown the first week in August, at the 
time of the Madeleine. It is, however, said to 
be a much better pear, about the size of the Ty. 
Planting Strawberries.—P roposing to plant a 
field of strawberries next season, 1 wish to know what 
mouth will be the best to insure a good crop the year 
after t—- Northern N. V • 
Wo should prefer good strong plants of last season's 
growth, and plant as early in spring as the soil is in 
condition. Keep off runners and pinch off fruit stems 
when they develop and they will be likely to produce 
well the succeeding season. 
really thinks — because she buys no fine clothes, 
makes the old ones last, aud cooks plainly—she 
is a most superior housekeeper. The next time 
an unthinking husband is disposed to bo severe 
because some trifiing matter has been neglected, 
he ‘should put that in his pipe and smoke it.’ ” 
OSAGE ORANGE IN ILLINOIS. 
VRiNOFIELD, Illinois, correspondent of 
ientific American, talks as follows of the 
About Trues Mixing. -1 would like to inquire if 
different colored tulips will mix if planted iu the same 
bed. Also, if double and single varieties will mix?— 
Mus. It. L. Doouttle, Doroatno, N. Y. 
If several varieties of tulips be grown in the same 
bed and produce seed, the product of this seed would 
doubtless be “mixed.’’ The bulbs, however, are uot 
affected by one another. 
You may grow any number of varieties in the same 
bed for any number of years, without the slightest 
change in color or character, except snch as might be 
produced by soil or culture,—B. 
for planting:—“Osago Orange hedges, old 
enough to bear fruit, are all very full this year; 
tho fruit being well grown, many of them being 
three inches in diameter; although the severe 
cold of last winter killed thousand* of peach 
trees, and cut off the fruit from peaches, apples, 
pears, plums, and grapes, showing conclusively 
that the Osage Orange is much hardier than 
our fruit tree. There are hundreds of miles of 
Osage Orange hedge iu the State of Illinois; 
and in ten years there will ho thousands of 
miles of it. All the fruit made this year is being 
bought up for the purpose of starting plants 
for next spring's sales. Oue indivduul engaged 
iu this business thinks he will realize iu this way 
810,000 out of tho seed he lias secured up to this 
time. Since the war commenced it lias been 
ascertaned that the home-raised seed turns out 
to be u really better article than that brought 
from Texas; It not having gone through a scald¬ 
ing operation, aud not being two years old be¬ 
fore it gets to market. Our native seed will 
grow T three feet the first season. MUlious of 
pounds can be sold next season; our farmers 
showing decidedly that on the ‘ Weston prairies ’ 
they have no fear of extreme cold, and will exert 
themselves to plant miles of ‘Osage Orange 
Starch for Suirt Bosoms.—T ake two ounces 
of fine, white, gum-arabic powder, put into a 
pitcher, and pour ou a pint of boiling water, aud 
thou, having covered it, let it stand all night; in 
the morning pour it carefully from the dregs 
i u to a clean bottle, cork it, and keep it ready for 
use. A tablespoouful of gum-water stirred into 
a pint of starch, made iu the usual manner, will 
give to lawn or muslin a look of newness, when 
nothing else can restore them after they have 
been washed.— Canada Farmer. 
VICK’S SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1865 ! 
The issue of this Annual has become a horti¬ 
cultural event; and as such, is worthy of notice. 
True, it is a business enterprise, but no more so 
tluui the publication of any book. It sustains a 
practical relation to success iu tlorieultiiml 
effort for the coming year. It is not an ordinary 
seed catalogue, enumerating tlie names only of 
seeds the seedsman lias for sale—seeds of plants 
ol' which the mass of cultivators kuow nothing, 
hence will not buy. It is a “Guide to the 
Flower Garden.” True, this Guido is not pub¬ 
lished as a gratuitous and philanthropic contri¬ 
bution to the horticultural world. It is, rather, 
a recognition of a true business principle which 
wo have before urged iu these columns — that 
unless a man knows the use he may umko of an 
article tie will uot invest money iu it. Tomatoes 
were not cultivated until ueoole learned that 
Orange Treks —Wilt some of tho readers of the 
Rural tell meat what age Lemon and Oniugo trees 
should be budded; also, how long before they will 
hear, providing they are five or six years old when 
budded; and at what season of the year they should 
be pruned?—AumK Wakemax. 
Seedling orange trees may be budded or graded from 
the time they are as bug-* as a common pen-holder, or 
say two years old from the seed. When too old and 
large to be worked on the main stem, budding may be 
performed on the young branches. 1 In regard to bear¬ 
ing, otanges are somewhat like apples and pears, 
some bear at an earlier a-e than others. As a general 
thing, however, from 3 to 5 years growth after budding 
or grafting is required to bring them into bearing. 
The Dwarf OtaheUe Otamje is the best for house cul- 
tureit; blossoms and bears fruit constantly, even when 
only H foNv inches iu height. Pruniug should be done 
before new growth commences, but very little is need¬ 
ed, and may bo done any time.— b. 
To C’t ban Broohe Shawls, Take two table- 
spooufula each of honey, soft-soap and alcohol. 
Spread the shawl on a sheet doubled several 
times, theu with a sponge or cloth wet the part 
you wish to clean thoroughly with tho mixture, 
and with clear, soft water riuse in two waters 
dry and press. Lady' Jane. 
Lip Salve. —Spermaceti ointment half an 
ounce, balsam of Peru one quarter of a drachm. 
Mix. It is not couleur de rose, but it will cure — 
often with but a siuglc application. Apply a 
thin coating with the forefinger just before go¬ 
ing into bed. 
Cheap Older Vinegar.—T ake the water in 
which dried apples are washed and soaked, and 
after carefully straining, put it in a vessel; add a 
pound of sugar, or its equivalent iu molasses. 
