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DECLA-R^TIOjST OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. 
ADOPTED JULY 4TH 
17 ? 6 . 
When, in the course of human events, it be¬ 
comes necessary for one people to dissolve the 
political bands which have connected them 
with another, and to assume, among the powers 
of the earth, the separate and equal station to 
which the laws of nature and ol nature’s God 
entitle them, & decent respect to the opinions of 
mankind requires that they should declare the 
causes which impel them to the separation. 
We hold these truths to be self-evident—that 
all men are created equal; that they are endowed 
by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; 
that among these are life, liberty, and the pur¬ 
suit of happiness. That, to secure these rights, 
governments are instituted among men, deriving 
their just powers from the consent of the gov¬ 
erned ; that, whenever any form of government 
becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right 
of the people to alter or abolish it, and to insti¬ 
tute a new government, laying its foundations 
on such principles, and organizing its powers in 
such form, as to them shall seem most likely to 
effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, 
indeed, will dictate that governments long estab¬ 
lished should not be changed for light and tran¬ 
sient causes; and, accordingly, all experience 
He has dissolved representative houses repeat- , He has plundered our -dis. ravaged our coasts, 
edly for opposing, with manly firmness, his in- j burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our 
vasions ou the rights of the people. 
He has refused, for a long time after such dis¬ 
solutions, to cause others to be elected, whereby 
the legislative powers, incapable of annihilaton, 
have returned to the people at large for their ex¬ 
ercise ; the State remaining, in the mean time, 
exposed to all the dangers of invasions, from 
without, and convulsions from within. 
He has endeavored to prevent the population 
of t hese States; for that purpose obstructing the 
laws for the naturalization of foreigners; re¬ 
fusing to pass others to encourage their migra¬ 
tion hither, and raising the conditions of new 
appropriations of lands. 
He has obstructed the administration of justice, 
by refusing his assent to laws for establishing 
judiciary powers. 
He has made judges dependant on his will 
alone for the tenure of their offices, and the 
amount and payment of their salaries. 
He has erected a multitude of offices, and sent 
hither swarms of officers to harass our people 
and eat out their substance. 
He has kept among ns in times of peace, 
j people. 
He is at this time transporting large armies of 
foreign mercenaries to complete the works of 
death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun 
with circumstances of i cruelty and perfidy 
scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, 
and totally unworthy tbb head of a civilized ; 
nation. 
He has constrained oui fellow-citizens, taken dirt of his three months campaign, with battered 
hath shown that mankind are more disposed to standing armies, without the consent of our 
suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right Legislatures. 
captive on the high seas, to bear arms against 
their country, to become the executioners of 
their friends and brethren or to fall themselves 
by their bands. 
He has excited domestic insurrection among 
us, and has endeavored to bring on the in¬ 
habitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian 
savages, whose known fule of warfare is an 
undistinguished destruction of all ages sexes, 
and conditions. 
In every stage of these oppressions we have 
petitioned for redress in jbe most humble terms; 
our repeated petitions lujve been answered only 
by repeated injury. A prince whose character 
is thus marked by every act which may define a 
tyrant, is uuflt to be thornier of a free people. 
Nor have we been waiting in our attentions 
themselves by abolishing the forms to which 
they are accustomed. But when -a long train of 
abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the I 
same object evinces a design to reduce them under I 
absolute despotism, it is their right, it Is their 
duty, to throw off Buch a government, and to I 
provide new guards for their future security. 
Such has been the patient sufferance of these 
colonies, and such is now the necessity which 
constrains them to alter their former systems 
of government. The history of the present King 
of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries 
and usurpations, all having In direct object the es¬ 
tablishment of an absolute tyranny over these 
States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to 
a candid world. 
He has refused his assent to laws the most 
wholesome and necessary for the public good. 
He hae forbidden his governors to pass law’s of 
immediate and pressing importance, unless sub- . 
pended in their operations till his assent should 
be obtained; and, when so suspended, lie has 
utterly neglected to attend to them. 
He has refused to pass other laws for the 
accommodation of large districts of people, 
unless those people would relinquish the right 
of representation in the Legislature—a right 
inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants 
only. 
He has called together legislative bodies at 
places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from 
the repository of their public records, for the 6ole 
purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with 
his measures. 
He has affected to render the military inde¬ 
pendent of, and superior to, the civil power. 
He has combined with others to subject us 
to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitutions, and 
unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent 
to their acts of pretended legislation: 
For quartering large bodies of armed t roops 
among us; 
to our British brethren. We have warned them, i her untied hat from her head. She made a vain 
from time to time, of attempts by their legisla- attempt to catch it, but the malicious breeze 
tore to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction 
over us. We have reulinded them of the cir¬ 
cumstances of our emigration and settlement 
here. We have appeal ol to their native justice 
and magnanimity, and wii have conjured them by 
the ties of our common kindred, to disavow these 
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from usurpations, which wojild inevitably Interrupt mental vision stood the graceful picture—large 
punishment for any murders which they should | 
commit on the inhabitants of these States; 
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the 
world; 
For imposing taxes on us without our con¬ 
sent ; 
For depriving us, in many cases, of the bene¬ 
fits of trial by jury; 
For transporting as beyond seas, to be tried 
for pretended offence.!- ; 
For abolishing the free system of English laws 
In a neighboring province, establishing therein 
an arbitrary government, and enlarging its 
boundaries so as to render it at once an exam¬ 
ple and fit instrument for introducing the same 
absolute rule into these colonies; 
For takJng away our charters, abolishing our 
most valuable laws, and altering, fundamentally, 
the forms of our governments; 
For suspending our own Legislatures, and de- 
our connections and (correspondence. They, 
too, have been deaf toithe voice of justice and 
consanguinity. We rrnht, therefore, acquiesce 
In the necessity which denounces our separa¬ 
tion, and hold them asive hold the rest of man¬ 
kind—enemies in war—[n peace, friends. 
We, therefore, the representatives of the 
United States of America, in general Congress 
assembled, appealing tb the Supreme Judge of 
the world for the rectitude of our intentions, 
do, in the name and by the authority of the 
good people of these colonies, solemnly publish 
and declare that these united colonics are, and of 
right ought to be, free and independent States; 
that they are absolved from all allegiance to the 
British crown, and thut all political connection 
between them and the State of Great Britain Is, 
and ought to be, totally dissolved, and that, as free 
and independent States, they have full power to 
levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, 
establish commerce, and do all other acts and 
and watched the nodding plumes; and he tbo’t, . 
as he saw the clergyman In the pulpit of Dudley 
Ttng, the fearless champion of liberty, bringing ( 
home to the consciences of his aristocratic hear¬ 
ers those forcible appeals denouncing slavery. 
He thought of him, persecuted, insulted, and 
driven from this very church. Here, perhaps, 
knelt Fanny Kemball, and with all her heart 
echoed her pastor’s sentiments. Here came 
Sabbath after Sabbath the well known Pierce 
Butler —the husband of the gifted woman — 
clothed in broadcloth, and sitting on velvet pur¬ 
chased by the unrequited toil of his hundreds of 
slaves; and there was no power in the church 
to say that this man should not partake of the 
sacrament of that Lord who said, “ All things 
whatsoever ye would that men should do to you 
do ye also to them I” 
The excitement of these thoughts rendered 
insupportable the heat of the crowded church, 
and passing his hand over bis perspiring fore¬ 
head he rose and stood at the door. The service 
concluded, the crowd again thronged the steps, 
and Ryan watched eagerly for the bright face 
A*** that had so attracted him. 
Presently she came, alone. The sunshine of 
happiness had flown, and tears were rising in 
her blue eyes. She came quite close to where he 
yViWWjkf \ was, paused a moment as a richly dressed lady (?) 
"f*’(tit X \ sneered In passing the poor soldier. A flush 
\ rose to her brow and she extended her hand. 
Jt; v -m' I Ryan grasped it. “God bless you and all the 
soldiers,’’ she said, and passed hastily down the 
JW ffim . Ryan’s palm felt something left in it, and a 
peep convinced him that the thing was a gold 
dollar. “She takes me for a beggar,” thought 
^ he, indignantly, and followed her to return her 
0 bounty; but her brother had joined her, and 
HJp - % they were some distance ahead, and Ryan felt 
■-W \jTVi a growing reluctance to part with the dollar. A 
ty-j curiosity seized him to know where tils lady 
^^ ^ (T y lived who had so strangely Interested him; so he 
followed the couple leisurely up Fifteenth street. 
\ He lost sight of her a moment in a crowd on the 
~ \ corner!of Market street, and thought, “What 
IP l — __m ! -^ j fir . \ a fool I am to follow herl” He looked up — 
it .. n " : VA-^!g| l&\ Amos Faunall— in large brass letters, stared 
■xmmuL: fw i at bim from over an apothecary store. He 
\ ■ J smiled vaguely, like one in a dream, and passed 
■'! ' 4T? on a littlujfaster thinking of that lino of Tenny- 
> ‘ &L 1 ul’ TT/ ■ son : 
•uuiT fr’-i | -A “ Pretty enough, very pretty!” 
bA/ ALj -j' Vl lj -j ly 'C The couple turned at Arch street aud Ryan 
A \ VA At) ) j! i ; X. ~ J ) followed, presently ft third person joined them 
S and B ^°PP C ^ a moment. Ryan was near 
^ 1-1/ enough to hear Fannt call this large, red-faeed 
ly^ f/ k"0 man, “papa!" He shook his head sorrowfully, 
- [ Cr—s aud went on ’ tWnkin S 
Jj\ • ( j . *4 l ( CCT ) “Her father wae not the man to save, 
iJa)) ,, r J. - _ \ V"#Vvy JIad’nt the head to matmpie — 
/T\\ ~ r N t. And drtuik himself into Ms grave.” 
jy ifij ^t\\\ Thinking thus he forgot to look up, and when 
\ ^ j,Aj' . \ he did the trio had disappeared, 
lyy'i a S> x mouths passed by. Disaster and defeat 
^ [fr had humiliated the North and rendered the 
y South defiant. James Ryan barely gave his 
wound time to heal, when he raised a company, 
was commissioned its Captain, and marched 
--p -pp , South with the—th Regiment. The Colonel’s ;■ 
-L'-CL'-^ >s OJii. f ace haunted him — he was sure he had seen it 
before. A strong friendship sprang up between 
the two. 
Written for Moore’s Eainl New-Yorker. Col. C’RANMER and Capt. Ryan were very dif- 
UPS AND DOWNS, ferent in phistqiie, although both were tall. The 
Colonel was fair, with a dreamy blue eye and 
by Margaret MARSHALL. high forehead; the Captain was dark, with elus- 
- tering black curls that required constant crop- 
More than four yearB ago, ou a summer Sab- ping, sparkling black eves, and a low but very 
bath, among the many who passed up the stone broad forehead. Both were thought handsome, 
steps of Epiphany church, in the Quaker City, McClellan was moving his giant army 
=tood a young soldier a little apart lrom the through Virginia at snail’s pace, fighting as he 
aristocratic assemblage. All begrimed with the weu t. At last he arrived before Richmond. It 
dirt of his three months campaign, with battered W(18 j ill0 wn among the officers that there was to 
blouse, and woru-ont shoes— what had he to do he a battle the next day, and Col. Cranmeu eall- 
bc-re? A few’looked pityingly atloim, more passed ed (; apt Ryan aside, with a strange look on his 
by unheeding, and some curled the lip of scorn. U gxia))y placid face. He grasped the Captain’s 
There he stood, five feet ten inches of stalwart hand and held it tight, 
manhood, leaning on the railings, dreamily “ Ryan, what do you think of to-morrow 
watching the passing throng. “It’s ‘do or die’ with me, Cranmeu —how 
By and by, came a group of young girls in w ith you?” 
animated conversation. There were three; but “It’s die with me,” he answered sadly, 
the central one caught the young soldier’s “Nonsense! Colonel, you are low spirited.” 
glance, and he half smiled with delighted adrni- n j f ee ] j shall not come out of to-morrow’s 
ration. She turned as 6be stood on the step, jjght alive, aud I have a trust to place in you. If 
and shaking her fan at one of the others j should be killed to-morrow, take this packet 
exclaimed: to the address. Remember, Ryan, don’t trust it 
“ It can’t be, Lida. Bertie never said a word to any one else — not for a moment. You will 
to me of It, and I know be would not enlist do this for me? And here is a letter to send to 
without telling me.” my sister; if I don’t — if I should — you under- 
At this moment came a puff of air and whirled 6tai)d rat) p VAJ , i» 
her untied hat from her head. She made a vain “ Shake this off, Colonel. You are as safe as 
attempt to catch it, but the malicious breeze j Bin Who knows but you may live aud I be 
carried it straight to James Ryan’s feet. He tlj c mark for the rebel bullet. But I will do as 
picked it up and made a step forward; and now y 0U w ish.”— [Concluded on page 200, this No. 
you could sec that dirt and rags were not his- 
was inside the door, but still befori Ri an 9 Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper 
mental vision Etood the graceful picture large I8 rmusHsa svznv Saturday by 
deep blue eyes, and a white forehead crowned Dt d, x. MOOBJS, ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
with myriad rings of golden hair. What won- .“7 T « . „ » a , 
(ler the soldier longed for another look at the Office, Omon Bn. to, O pposite Ik b«ut Howe, Buffalo 8c. 
little fairy who Lad broken so pleasantly in on x aty stu, ut a nr.i.vt'E.' 
hifl gloomy meditations 1 Three- Doll*r» » Year—To Club* and Ajieute as «)- 
As he entered the church the sexton glanced ; 0Wft ._ifivp Copies one year, {pr*H; Seven, aud oneirco 
at, his worn clothing and conducted him to his to Club Atent, lor *iy ; Ten, wid one Dee, for *& , and 
, „ v . i • any greyer number ut tnesfimn rate—only S.CS0 percopy. 
proper, corner, whence ho I -I- - Club D»per» directed to Individuals and sent lo as many 
“little angel” as he mentally termed her. PosKJfflces m d-^tred. As we prepay Amwl- 
(f ^gflG 
l(l[ 
Written for Moore’s Huinl New-Yorker. 
UPS AND DOWNS. 
BY MARGARET MARSHALL. 
More than four years ugo, ou a summer Sab¬ 
bath, among the many who passed up the stone 
steps of Epiphany church, in the Quaker City, 
stood a young soldier a little apart from the 
aristocratic assemblage. All begrimed with the 
blouse, and worn-out shoes— what had he to do 
here? A few looked pityingly ntliim, more passed 
by unheeding, and some curled the lip of scorn. 
There he stood, five, feet ten inches of stalwart 
manhood, leaning ou the railings, dreamily 
watching the passing throng. 
By and by, came a group of young girls in 
animated conversation. There were three; but 
the central one caught the young soldier’6 
glance, and he half smiled with delighted admi¬ 
ration. She turned as 6be stood on the step, 
and shaking her fan at one of the others 
exclaimed: 
“ It can’t be, Lida. Bertie never said a word 
to me of It, and I know he would not enlist 
without telling me.” 
At this moment came a puff of air and whirled 
carried it straight to James Ryan’s feet. He 
picked it up and made a step forward; and now 
you could see that dirt and rags were not his 
only misfortune — lie was lame. Fanny Ckan- 
mer took the hat with thauks, and in a moment 
was inside the door, but still before Ryan’s 
daring themselves invested with power to legis- which independent 8tute» may of right, 
late for us in all caseB whatsoever. | And for the support of this Declaration, 
lie. has abdicated govern ment here, by declaring with a firm reliance on the protection ol Divine 
us out of his protection, and waging war I Frovhlence, we mutually pledge to each other 
against us. our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. 
mueimrywno nun oroaeu tu iu. rjcuatH, IN ATtVANCK: 
hifl gloomy meditations 1 Three Doll*v» » Year—To Club* and Aleuts as to)- 
As he entered the church the sexton glanced j 0WS ._ifi V( . copies one ycttr , mriU; Seven, AudoneiTte 
at bis worn clothing and conducted him to his to Club Aseut, lor ; Ten, and one Dee, for *» . and 
■ „ v ,• 1 any archer number ut me same rate—only B.CS0 percopy. 
proper. COmer, whence Ilf I 1 - Club rapers dirooted to Individuals and sent to *8 ninny 
“little nngel ” as he mentally termed her. PosLOfflces m d^^tred. As we prepay Amerl- 
Presently came ft tall handsome man, with a 0(a postage on copies sent abroad, |A<0 U the lowest 
hltrh white forehead, and firm beautiful mouth, Club rate for Canada, and »3di0 to Knropo,-tmt daring 
, . ... ,, „„ h0ei j„ fanny turned the present rate of exchange, Canada Agents or Sab- 
and took bis place beside her. Fanny turned for tbQ UuilAL ln or 0 wn 
aud &pok(5 to him Gttrnc&tly; the otutM notiu^u banks will not charjiod pontage. 
and her face bec’ftme very pale, best way to remit Is by Draft on New York, (low cost of 
“ That is Bertie ” thought Ryan, “ aud he «ccbanKe,)-and all drafts made payable to the order of 
.. . , „ ’ the Publisher, may b* bajusd at iu» bibk. 
has enlisted.” - 
But now the organ pealed forth the anthem, ri, c u Numbers of thla Volume can still be fur- 
,, , . ,,. t>m emotions stirred bv Jilanecl, out the rush of new subscriber! Is very ramniy 
and he iorgot Fanny m tut. emc -b- t i exhausting onr edition, aud hence those who wish tu« 
u jQxiBic’g wondrous mysteryaud the flash of volume complete should not delay their orders. 
his dark eye told how bis heart swelled to the A NEW HALF VOLUME of the Rural New- 
solemn strains. The last prolonged note died Yorker will commence next week—July *<b' 
s mniu ev D , AucntH, subssrlberi whose terms expire this 
away and the service commenced, but Iaan 9 w ^ k> Hml a „ |tei . Hons w lKht.,a to -uhr.crtbe, 
mind did not follow the prayers. He glanced at wtll uotr ,j iu , NOW is THE TIME for renew- 
the gorgeous throng, heard the rustle of silks, nin uud new HubacrlptlouM. 
