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FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY. JULY 8 . 186 - 5 . 
ROCHESTER N. Y 
MOORE’S RURAL HEW-YORKER, 
AX ORIGINAL WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER 
existence, popularly called life, is maintaiued, 
which even passes for health, (so degenerate are 
our standards) where “exercise” is curtailed to 
an hour or two, and even shorter periods. It is 
incredible that any body who admires a full 
muscled horse or ox, a well developed, healthful 
bullock, should be content with "scallawags” 
in human form; but so determined are men and 
women to despise and violate organic laws that 
they reconcile themselves to transgressions, 
doleful progeny, and welcome the whole brood 
of ills. 
A really strong man, healthy and developed in 
body and mind, must 6leep eight hours every 
day, rest and recreate four hours, give sLx hours 
to mental and moral labor and discipline, and 
six hours to vigorous bodily activity. Slight 
variations from the above may sometimes be 
warranted — but did any athlete ever exercise 
less than six hours a day ? Did any intellectually 
strong man ever devote less than six hours daily 
to thought aud discipline? Change that pro¬ 
gramme and you arc a dwarf in body or mind, 
and probably both. 
I have brought this matter up at this time 
and In this place, for the purpose ot saying That, 
Whereas Labor is an indispensable element in 
human affairs and therefore eminently reputable: 
Whereas all who would not live a lingering death 
must spend a large portion of their time In some 
kind of active exercise:—Therefore it is im¬ 
mensely important that this enlarged and indis¬ 
pensable bodily activity should be turned into 
productive channels. Vagrant wanderers for 
health, rich or poor, quartering themselves upon 
hard-waking people, are criminals before the 
higher law. Whoever walks live miles for exer 
rise, when he could gain just as much by hoeing 
five rows of corn, steals from Nature’s treasury, 
and God will put him on his trial yet. Sports 
may do for children, but a full grown man or 
woman, whose mind aud heart are not diseased, 
will demand and find activities all the more 
healthful and healing from the eoncionsness of 
their adding to the store of good things for man, 
With immense harvests to bo gathered, and, as 
things now stand, crushing labors to he per¬ 
formed, I address these considerations to all 
“ sedentary ” people, and all outside of the pale 
of productive industry. 
When ail do enough for their own good. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL, D., 
Editor of the Department of Sheep Husbandry. 
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS I 
P. BARRY, <T. DEWET, LL, D., 
It. T. BROOKS, L. B. LANG WORTHY, 
T. C. PETERS, EDWARD WEBSTER. 
Tna Rural New-Yorker Is designed to be unsur¬ 
passed in Value, Purity, and Variety of Contents, and 
unique and beautiful In Appearance. In* Conductor 
devotes Us personal attention to the supervision of Its 
various departments, and earnestly labors to render the 
Rural an eminently Rellahlc Guide on all the Important 
Practical, Scientific nnd other Subjects Intimately con¬ 
nected with the business of thosa whose Interests It 
zealously advocates. As a Family Journal St Is crol- 
ntrclly Instructive and Entertaining—being so conducted 
that It can be safely taken to the Homes of people of 
Intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces more 
Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary and News 
Matter. Interspersed with appropriate Engravings, than 
any other Journal,—rendering It far the mo»t complete 
AoRtCTLTUitAi, Literacy a sn Family Newspaper 
In America. 
Responsive to inquiries therefor, we have, in 
late numbers of the Rural, f April 15 and May 
20,) re-published plans of Barns which were 
awarded premiums in accords nee with our 
offer in 1858. This week we gijre the plan to 
which was awarded the third piize — that of a 
barn owned by Mr. James Whitney of Big 
Flatts, Chemung Co., N. Y., w) 
as follows: ' 
Messrs. Editors : — I have t)J 
ing the most convenient Barn in 
conntry, and accordingly have r, 
the best of my ability, being 
farmer, 
Long Shed is 25 wide, 04 long; posts 20 feet. 
East Shed posts nine feet long. 
The cost of the Barn without sheds, 8400, 
including" board of hands; can he built $50 
cheaper without planing or painting. Sheds 
cost 8430, including board of hands, and can be 
built for §400 without planing or painting. 
My mode of fixtures for tying cattle is much 
cheaper thau the ordinary way, besides being 
much more comfortable for the animals — it is 
as follows : — First, I set my standards four feet 
apart, have a ring made of three-eighths or half¬ 
inch iron about six inches across, put over th<5 
standard, and then put the bow through the 
ring and over the animal's neck. The opera¬ 
tion 3s shown in the engraving. Have a piece 
of hard wood for a latch one inch thick and 
eight Inches long, one and one-fourth inch hole 
at one end, and one inch at the other. The bow 
needs a knob on one end and katch in the other. 
This I have also endeavored to show in the en¬ 
graving. The rings will slip up and down to 
suit the animal’s convenience. They can lay 
down and turn their heads around on their 
side, and they can lay much nearer than if fas¬ 
tened in any other way, and If you have an 
animal that is inclined to he masterly you can 
make him keep his head on his own side, by 
putting a board on one side or the other, to suit 
your convenience. Thus you can control the 
most vicious of animals, and make them per¬ 
fectly submissive. I have adopted four feet 
apart for my standards, hut they will do much 
nearer for small animals. 
I enter the barn from the north with team on 
the upper floor, thrash with a self-cleaning ma¬ 
chine, and have straw-carrier attached, so that I 
can run the straw in either shed I choose. I 
have two good bays, without incumbrance from 
stabling or granary, and spouts or conductors 
marked, corresponding with halls in granary 
beneath, to conduct the grain where I wish; 
and this, when thrashing, saves at least one 
man’s labor. Two men are sufficient to take 
care of straw from a good elgbt-Uorse machine, 
and it is all secured from wind or storm. 
Z3T For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
When men arrive at just conclusions they will 
crown Labor with all but Divine honors! The 
agency by which everything desirable is effected, 
the door through which nearly every earthly 
good comes, well deserves profoundcst homage. 
When that memorable six days work was done, 
the Creator installed man His successor aud 
representative to finish and perfect what Omnip¬ 
otence began. Entcrin, 
riame of hav- 
U.ir part of the 
Ide a draft to 
pv-'hing but a 
Inderstand the 
however, I 
wants of farmers better than the mechanic or 
architect can. You will discover*! have an ele¬ 
vation of ground nearly eight feet? which is some 
fourteen rods north of east and west road, and 
slopes toward the south-west. I have cellar 
under barn and east shed, the north-east corners 
in the hank. East and north stone wall far 
barn is nine feet high, and that for shed is six 
feet high. 
upon creation’s unfin¬ 
ished mork, Man is to make the wide earth what 
Eden was. Every marsh and miasmatic pool 
must be transformed into fruitful soil, —the 
unsightly hillocks clothed with verdure,—the 
barren wastes “ bud and blossom like the rose,” 
— the water courses made into safe channels for 
Commerce,— secret things developed, and the 
winds and all powers of earth put to their ap¬ 
propriate tasks. Thus we are honored co-work¬ 
ers with God. He might have made us, as some 
doubtless would have preferred, to suck our 
sustenance, and spend our lives like oysters, In 
their beds: but, unless every principle had been 
reversed, we should have been oysters still. 
Doing is our glory and our good. Labor i 3 
strength—purpose is power. Who so shirks his 
responsibility commits moral suicide. Whoever 
wlnshes to bo “ dead-headed" through this 
world — carried on the shoulders of men and 
women already over-loaded, often staggering 
under their burden,—either lacks the intelli¬ 
gence to perceive bis true relations, or the moral 
sense to discriminate between right and wrong. 
There Is necessary work enough to give, full em¬ 
ploy to every, hand and foot, every brain and 
muscle. Whoever excuses himself putts his 
divinely allotted portion (God distributed the 
work) on those who, doing their own, are also 
compelled to do his share, I need not say that 
this is not gentility. Good breeding Is, first of 
all, just then, generous, courteous and kindly 
considerate. Wo gentleman was ever “« man of 
leisure .” Whoever avails himself of the oppres¬ 
sions, the technicalities, and the loop-holes of 
law, to live without labor, is inure than discour¬ 
teous to those who are saddled with his burdens 
and their own. “Slavery” has been charged 
with many things; I further charge it with being 
impolite. Work is never a burden, till the 
worker is compelled to add another’s share to 
his. There is just as much intellectual, and just 
as much manual labor to be done as men and 
women need to do. There is Just work enough, 
evenly distributed, to promote the highest mental 
and physical development, ne is dwarfed who 
does too much —he is dwarfed who does too 
little. 
“ But we are not all required to work with our 
hands.” It is had for you if you believe that. 
Something like half of our active hours should 
he spent in physical effort; the body demands it 
imperatively. Omit it, and physical and intel¬ 
lectual degeneracy follow;—the bones will lack 
firmness and strength, the muscles will be de¬ 
ficient in size aud power, the digestive orgaus, 
the lungs, the brain, the skin, the blood, the 
nerves, will all be feeble and faulty In their ac¬ 
tion, and gradually succumb to disease and 
premature death. 
A pale-faced, nervous, dyspeptic, effeminate 
none 
will be compelled to do too much. It is worthy of 
prompt and profound consideration whether pro¬ 
fessional men, mechanic?, merchants, bankers, 
artists, idlers, should not bestir themselves with 
determined energy to find homes, with lands for 
cultivation attached. If they are not found in 
New York city, it merely proves that New York 
city is the wroug place to live in. Poetry, full 
of bright visions of Rural Life, speaks the true 
language of Nature. Farming is “drudgery,” 
and is denied comforts and embellishments, be¬ 
cause farmers are. saddled with labors that others 
ought to divide with them. When every one 
who can cultivate a plot of ground, cultivates it, 
Country Life will develope new beauties. Then 
will the fond anticipations of uncrushed and un- 
perverted natures for a “rural retreat,” where 
they may quietly end their days, be justified and 
largely realized. Then, lo dressing “the gar¬ 
den ” and keeping It, men will get back towards 
primitive purity. They will find in pleasant and 
absorbing employments, the healthful exercise 
which they will measurably fail to find in demon¬ 
strations wasted on the air. A project to carry 
out, a fond purpose finding fulfillment, a gTace, 
a beauty and a good identified with one’s own 
doings, will ease the mind and heal the body as 
no “gymnastics” can. God is not to be 
cheated; He works with a purpose, and so must 
you. 
In the mean time, let all idlers lend to labor a 
helping hand.— h. t. b. 
PLAN OP UPPER STORY. 
A, Stairway to Stable. B, Space for letting hay down 
to story below, for horses. C, Trap Door, to throw 
manure down lrom cattle sheds. U, P. Openings to 
let feed down. I>, Floor for storing fodder, 25 by 64. 
E, West Bay, 19 hr 30. F, Upper Barn Floor, IS by 
30. G, Cattlo stalls, :i by H and f< by 32. H, West 
Bay, 13 by 30. I, Loft or Lean-to, 16 by 20. 
My Basement k dry. Sills two feet from 
ground. My grain has never musted nor wet, 
and feed never frozen in winter. I have twelve 
Grain Bins, se arranged that I cun get to any 
one of them when I wish, capable of storing 
over 3,000 bushels, and four Boot Bins , which 
will store about 800 bushels, where they can be 
seen to at any time. 
My stone wall is laid in mortar and pointed; 
the frames are all made of square timber and 
joist; no round timber anywhere about; out¬ 
side, all planed and painted. The Basement 
Story is eight feet; barn posts IS feet long; the 
In conversing about his toils and progress in 
life, he imputed his success, in a great measure, 
to the methoil induced in his business by the 
daily journal which he kept of it. In the course 
of his business he employed, at times, large 
numbers of men, but their business was marked 
out before hand, and when one piece of work 
was done no time was lost In considering what 
to do next. If all young farmers, in commenc¬ 
ing for themselves, were to adopt this plan and 
carry it out persistently to the eveuiug of life, 
there is little doubt that the best of consequen¬ 
ces would result from it financially, while it 
would strengthen the perceptive faculties and 
render the habit of committing thoughts to 
paper comparatively easy. 
At the close of the first season he had succeeded 
in clearing five acres of land, and sowing it to 
wheat—throwing a fence, partly log and partly 
rail, around the whole. This took till The ap¬ 
proach of winter, when he took a float down 
the Allegany, to Pittsburgh, to winter—working 
during that season for three dollars per month 
and his board. The next spring saw him back 
again upon his embryo farm, renewing his con¬ 
flict with the surronndiug forest. 
Then it was that the purpose was formed to 
keep a daily journal of hU labor; of the charac¬ 
ter of the weather; of articles purchased and 
sold, and their several prices; the names of 
persons employed by him, and their rates of 
compensation, as well as the several occasional 
jobs done by himself lu the Uue of surveying. 
This practice he followed during a period of 
forty years—writing up hi* business, if he had 
been absent for a few days, from his note book 
the first thing on returning, and nightly, when 
at home, just before retiring to rest. He never 
made a cent by speculation; never “struck 
oil,” or stumbled upon a mound of gold-beariug 
quartz, yet he increased in wealth yearly, and 
toward the evening of life was wealthy. He 
possessed a homestead of one thousand acres, 
besides numerous farms in various sections of 
the country around him, and a heavy bank de¬ 
posit for special occasions. 
METHODICAL FARMING 
The writer of this, in early life, spent over 
three years In the service of a farmer noted for 
the methodical manner in which his business 
was carried ou. He commenced life, on attain¬ 
ing his majority, in the “ hack-woods,” as it 
was then called. Arrived at the point of desti¬ 
nation, bis worldly wealth consisted of good 
health, a sanguine disposition, a common Eng¬ 
lish education, a compass and chain, ordinary 
wearing apparel, an ax, and Jfty cents In money. 
Looking about awhile, he selected a site for a 
future home, and took an article for it from an 
agent of a Land Company. Fortunately, a few 
jobs in surveying aided in replenishing his purse 
and erecting a small log tenement for a shelter. 
HOEING CORN AND POTATOES 
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