tom, to keep the hay from the ground, aud give 
a circulation underneath. Three poles, set a 
few inches apart at the bottom and coming to¬ 
gether at the top, will give a better ventilation 
1 ban a single 6tack pole; around these poles the 
hay is laid up regularly; observing to keep the 
outside eqnl-distant from the stack pole, give 
, the stack a slight swell as you rise; give It a 
handsome rounding top, aud thatch with straw 
secured with hay or straw ropes, by crossing 
over the top and securing the cuds by twisting 
them into the hay in the sides of the stack. 
Hay is improved for feed, etc., by applying 
three or four quarts of salt to the ton, as put 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE, ITEMS, &c. 
Correction.—T he fourth paragraph of our article 
cm “Proper Amoum of Yolk,” last week commenced 
as follows:—“The best breeders object to an escape 
nr vnlk. Ac.” For “ escape ” read excess. 
NAME OF OWNER. 
(It'AM i.QOUttVl I llWiU# 
111'?r,i I.OODSSM . •O.SfiST 
OKiK’i l.uooaw I 0K395 
mine txwiiifi .07sst 
must l.iiooai t i .own 
006SW 000208 I 07.V.I-2 
OP214 UimUlMI .07263 
.01838 .oumw .07008 
OUMtS 1.0001(10 I 07000 
.maul I (MMil00 1 .0BH33 
.111470 U) 00 t 88 I .00869 
.00010 l 000170 06530 
,01412 000179 065:13 
.01703 ,.000170 I 00588 
01303 1.000195 I .0-1562 
A. H. Clapp. 
L. J. Bovee. 
Win. M. Holmes,. 
D. w. Percy,. 
M. F. Gibbs,- 
Josiah Tail.,. 
o. S. Williams,. 
E. Gazley. 
Arnold & Green, 
P. H. McMillen,. 
Tberon Steele,.. 
G. S. Center,.... 
J. C. Sweet...... 
A. J. Blood. 
L. J. Bovee. 
fleeces and making the necessary figures 
the relative merits of a great many < 
knowledge to regard to so important a 
the price. 
It is due to your 
that the processes adopted by ns in 
our duties should be set forth, 
her of the committee, is the manager 
Woolen Mills, and under his ' 
fleeces were cleanecd. I— 
to l,v him elveu as follows 
2 ewe .85fc 
3 ewe 1-43 
4 ewe 2. 
0 ram 1.1 
(j ewe .331 
7 ram 2. 
a ewe 1.20 
0 ewe a. 
10 ewe 1.4 
Lalor’s Sheet 1 opting Composition—Is it Poi- 
sonovs ?—We have a letter or certificate of Dr. J. 11. 
Guild, Rupert, Vt„ stating that at the request of S. 
H Rising, of that town, he bad made a qualitative 
analysis of the above named composition, to eouse- 
qnencc of its effect on the flock of that gentleman. 
Dr. Guild says: “Mr. Rising applied It to his sheep 
according to the directions, and within thirty-six 
Of the most valuable of his flock dead, 
1, The iambs recov- 
ulceratton of the lymphatic 
“A careful 
THE CANADA THISTLE 
A writer in the Rural of the 15th Bays the 
Cauada thistle “did not appear iu Western New 
York till the openiug of the Erie Canal,” He 
is in error. I well remember a patch of Canada 
thistle on a farm In the town of Canandaigua, 
(number nine,) as long ago as 1835. It covered 
an area of an eighth of an acre, 1 think; and it 
must have commenced some years previously to 
have attained that dimension. 1 remember that 
great care was taken to plow around the thistle 
patch, when summer fallowing. Iu those days 
the ground was plowed three times,—or plowed 
twice and harrowed once,—for wheat. But 
farmers feared that disturbing the Canada thistle 
hours l'onnd one 
and oiliers seriously affected. 
ered, with extensive i—- 
glands of the groin.” And he adds 
chemical analysis of this compound proves it to con- ] 
tain a large proportion of arsenic, rendering it ex¬ 
tremely dangerous, not only to the Bbecp, but to the 
person applying It. Although enough of the poison 
may nol be absorbed by the system to produce an im- 
mediate fatal result, yet it is an extremely insidious 
and dangerous dm at- producing iu small quantities 
chronic arsenical poisoning: which, if the cause is 
not understood, might well baffle the skill of the 
most experienced physician. 
— We are not in the habit of endorsing any of 
these sheep dipping compositions, but feel bound to 
say. under the present circumstances, first, that. Mr. 
Lai or is an experienced practical chemist, aud second, 
that his preparation has been used by thousauds of 
persons without any such effects, so far as we have 
heard, as those described by Dr. Guild. We have 
heard It warmly praised by some of thehest practical 
shepherds of our acquaintance. Ttni Doctor’s only 
mistake, in our opinion, is in believiag that the com¬ 
position was used by Mr. Rising “according to the 
It wjU be at, once seen that the small sheep have 
greatly the advantage in the contest —not that t he very 
smallest sheep proved the winner, but the rulo, in the 
main is proven to he troe,-that small sheep, having 
more surface in proportion to their weight, do give 
more woo) per pound of body. This is entirely in ac¬ 
cordance with the elaborate tables made by Mr. Sweet 
of the weights or animals aud fleeces as shown in his 
own flock. IIU tablee have been extensively pub¬ 
lished, and the lesson they taught is confirmed by out 
investigations. 
For the mere purpose of wool raising very large 
sheep are not desirable. 
Respectfully submitted by 
Geo. Geddes, 
Homer d. L. Sweet, 
A. J. Govfe, 
James M. Ellis, 
Juiv 8th. 1865. Charles Tallman. 
Association .and the competitors 
the discharge of 
Mr. Gores, one mem- 
_----- of the Syracuse 
• ' s immediate direction the 
His statement of the manner 
a:—“The wool was washed 
soda ash and 32 pounds salt, 
dissolved in *150 gallons of water in a Urge tub.. I 
then took a small tab and dipped outaBUfflclent. 
quantity to wash one fleece, then put in ihc fleece and 
scoured itto the small tub-then took out the wool 
and Lchargcdt.be liquor, and washed c^ffcoce m 
this manner, so that none ol the wool wa8 l06t ’J' a * t ' 
ed or mixed with the other. In drying the wool we 
laid it on a doth on the wire screen over our dryer 
(which is inside the mill,) so that none of it was lost 
in drying. The strings wore kept with each fleece 
and put with them when weighed after scouring. 
These precautions appear to make It certain that 
there could be no error or unfairness to the process, 
and the result was that the wool was scoured, as Mr 
GoFFEsays, “as we would for manufacturing-Ihat 
is, we take out all the animal oil, or 'nature' as we 
term it, which is necessary to order for the wool to 
take color in dying." 
The wool thus cleansed was carefully weighed, and 
then the weights, together with the weights of the 
uncleaneed fleeces, the time the wool was growing, 
the live weights or the shorn animal, and the other 
facts necessary, were placed in the hands of Mr. Homer 
D. L. Sweet, a member of the committee, and by 
him the table that accompanies this report was made. 
This table shows by inspection the whole mailer- 
placing the competitors in the order or their merit. 
The work of making this table was considerable, aud 
Mr. Sweet’s associates on the committee feel under 
great obligations to him for having taken Jt on him¬ 
self. His manner of making the compulations he 
describes as follows: —“Divide the weight of the 
scoured fleece by the number of days it was growing. 
Tills gives the amount produced by the animal In a 
day. Divide this small fraction by the live weight. 
This gives the amount grown by one pound of animal 
in on day: multiply this fraction by 805 and it gives 
the amount grown by one pound or animal in a year, 
v« u„. fttfuTo that decides wlui has won,) and I Ms, 
AUUiUpliOU ttj *'*-"► 4/4 *’*“ 
inucb it would produce In a year. This last operation 
proves the three foregoing calculations. The per 
coinages of fleece to live weight, and of scoured wool 
to live weight, arc computed in the usual way. 
By this process Mr. Sweet has made a table that 
gives at a glance all the facte necessary to decide who 
has won the premium, and the exact standing, iu all 
The Southern Cultivator.—B efore the rebellion 
this was the most prominent and best agricultural 
journal published In tho South, and we believe. Ills 
THE WOOL MARKET 
The following is republished with a hearty 
endorsement by the U. S. Economist, and we 
add our own: 
As the season of the new clip is at hand, the 
usual Influences to depress prices are being re¬ 
sorted to, and wool growers will require extra 
nerve to eoutend with parties whose interest it 
is to buy cheap. Manufacturers, dealers and 
speculators are all croakers; they are invariably 
bo at shearing time. Wc hope the farmers will 
not be deceived by any false reasoning. There 
are facts affecting the great staple which should 
steadily be borne in mind. Leaving out of view 
the sudden and great changes that have taken 
place in the markets during the war, brought 
about by demand for army purposes, fluctuations 
&c., and looking at the records of 
the only ono which lias survived the gTeat conflict. 
Wc had seen nothing of It lor years until a few days 
ago, when we received the July number, hailing from 
Athens, Ga. D. Redmond of Augusta, is the leading 
editor, as or yore, with whom is associated Wm V. 
White of Athens. Though reduced in size, and neces¬ 
sarily printed on inferior paper, wo gladly welcome 
the Cultivator to our table, mid trust its prosperity 
and usefulness may never again he interrupted or di- 
mlulshcd. Monthly—16 octavo pages-f2 per annum. 
Vermont Maple Sugar.— 1 notice Mr. Randall is 
quite often favored with epecinieue of fine wool from 
Vermont, some being no doubt of superior quality. 1 
have nothing iu that lino for you, but I do incloses 
specimen or Vermont Maple Sugar, an urtlcle quite ns 
much to my taste, and in sufficient quantities ivo'dnot, 
I will venture to presume, be considered by the liditor 
bad to lake. In Morgan horses, Merino sheep, brave 
lads and “ sweet lasses" (with or without the grain,) 
what beats Vermont I. W. Sanbohn, Lyndon , ft. 
The sample of sugar was good-extra. As to the 
other articles enumerated we reckon Vermont is at 
least equal to any other region. 
in currency, 
the trade for about 40 years preceding, we find 
the average price of ftneand medium fleece wool 
from 1837 to 1861, 34 years, to be 46>£ cents per 
pound. 
Daring all that period foreign wools were ad¬ 
mitted at very low duties—some descriptions 
entirely free. The consumption of Wool In this 
country has at all times been largely ahead of 
production, aud hence imported wools have 
.generally controlledjrices. L 90 ,000,000 
pounds; there was Imported from abroad during 
the year 75,000,000 pounds—most of it prior to 
July 1—before the new tariff took effect. 
Now, we find, on inquiry, that tho stock of old 
fleece ia almost exhausted, and that the supply 
of foreign is very much reduced, while imports 
have fallen off 70 per cent, from last year at cor¬ 
responding periods; the first four months of 
1864 imports were 54,640 bales against 16,818 in 
18(35. Importing wool is now, and has been for 
several months, a losing business; the market 
must improve or it will entirely cease. 
No, cease it cannot, will not, save for a period, 
as manufacturers have been and are now “ coin¬ 
ing ” money, and must bo supplied with raw 
material. 
There seemB to us no good reason for prices 
being below at least SO cents per pour.d for the 
average of American fleece wool. 
Turnips Among Corn. 
Tn e practice of sowing turnips amODg Indian 
corn, at the last hoeing, and especially where the 
latter has been thinned by worms and other in¬ 
sects, is one which can not be too urgently 
recommended. The turnip is a vegetable which 
t ____cvjtri. ••&•*>' MUiuig 
the iuclplent stages of its development, than 
almost any plant iu the whole ct/alogne of edi¬ 
bles ; consequently, It is hut slightly injured by 
the foliage of the corn plants, or the closeness 
of the atmosphere thus created. After the corn 
crop is harvested aud before frost, there will be 
ample time for them to root, especially if the 
soil be well cultivated. Hundreds of bushels 
of excellent turnips may frequently be grown in 
this way without nuy appreciable diminution of 
the corn crop.— Germantown Telegraph. 
(Communications, (Etc 
HINTS ON HAYING, 
Cutting Stalks Foil 8 tol:K.—I n volarnc 16 No. 1 of 
tho Rural, under the heading “Cntttoir 
uiue, , 0 »w an article Uiai 1 think would be of great 
benefit to your readers, if the party Who wrote It 
wonld give us u little more Information. First, whose 
stalk cutter he uses, or whose is the host and cheap¬ 
est, and what is the cost with horse power complete! 
And will tho same machine cut straw good as well as 
stalks? Tho parly not giving his name in full, I have 
to inquire through the Rural.— John E. Barter, 
Crab Orchard, IU. 
t a conflict/ of opinion 
1 HUlb Oa v u u 
o/'gW^K:V. is Impossi- 
«ndpt»actitc 1 WmLZZ 
ting the differentT kinds 
ble to give any rule that would be acceptable 
generally, and even if acceptable bould not be 
carried out lit all cases—as in many the amount 
of the crop is so great that while one kind is 
being harvested, another will perfect itself before 
the first is secured; it therefore becomes neces¬ 
sary to do some part earlier, or let another go 
somewhat past. Could all be secured in just 
the right state, with the help at command, per¬ 
haps there would be lees conflict of practice. 
That there in a time when the dlfferenl grasses 
arrive at. a state in which they contain tie great¬ 
est amount of nourishment is admitted by all, 
and that that is the best time to cut them. In 
the cereal crops, such as rye, oats, corn, wheat, 
etc., we would hardly gather them before the 
seed was formed, If wo wished to obtain the 
best results; for the same or similar reasons I 
would expect that the grasses contained the 
greatest quantity of nutritious mutter when 
they have arrived at that state when the seed is 
in the dough. Cattle and horses fed on hay 
cut in this state will have a better look aud con¬ 
dition than if the grass be cut at any other stage, 
as observed by the writer, aud also by the testi- 
of older and more experienced persons— 
Alfred University and Academy.—W e are in 
receipt of a Cataloguo of this excellent institution, 
from the contents of which wo infer it is in a very 
flourishing condition. It has long ranked among the 
H. Claw, (who stands at the head or the net.) nau a 
ewe that was two years old, in fair condition—weigh¬ 
ing forty-nine pounds—that eheared a fleece Dial 
weighed (as it came from the animal.) nine and eighty- 
five hundredths of a pound—that It cleansed four and 
seventy-five hundredths of a pound or wool-that the 
uncleansed fleece weighed twenty per cent of weight 
of animal—that the econred wool was nine and six 
tenths per cent to weight of animal. The scoured 
wool to shorn fleece, is forty-eight per cent —making 
the loss In cleansing fifty-two per cent. The age of 
the fleece was 307 days: the quantity of wool pro¬ 
duced in a day by the animal was .01201 of a pound: 
the quantity of wool produced by one pound of ani¬ 
mal in one day is .000264; the quantity produced by 
one pound of animal In a year is .01W36, and the 
quantity prodneed by the animal in a year would lie 
4.72 pounds. ThiB is the standing, as appears by the 
table, of the prize animal. 
To contrast this animal with one of the same age, 
sex, breed and condition, we will take Mr. J. C. 
Sweet’s ewe. No, 12 in the order of merit. Mr. 
Sweet’s ewe was two years old, In fair condition, 
weighed 78.5 pounds—fleece, 17.5,—the scoured wool 
5 si.—percentage of fleece to live weight, 22.3—per- 
Potato Blossoms, 
In an article stating the importance of 
burying potato tops on the spot where the pota¬ 
toes arc raised, Prof. J, F. \V. Johnston, who is, 
perhaps, as good authority on most agricultural 
matters as any living writer, makes a state¬ 
ment which will seem singular, at least, to 
American readers. It is this:—That by taklug 
Off the blossoms of potatoes— besides the usual 
Increase oferop—the tops keep green tlll|thepota 
toes are “lifted,” or dug, as we call It. “ Thus, 
much green matter is obtained; and if this be 
made into manure, and applied to the next potato 
crop, it is said to raise the largest prcsluce of 
tubers .” 
There are still many things in the common 
operations of the farm that are strange aud inex¬ 
plicable to us, and there probably always will 
be. Indeed, everything about us is mysterious. 
When henbaue and wheat plants grow side by 
6idc, and twine around each other, and the roots 
permeate the same soil and mingle together, one 
augmenting. The “Normal Department” is it new 
feature and offers peculiar advantages to thoec wish¬ 
ing to become teachers. See advertisement in this 
paper. ^ 
The Dickinson Tile Plow.—B y request of a nam 
berof Rural patrons I wish to make the followhiR 
queries:—Dotuoditchcs made by the “DickiiifOnTlle 
Plow" prove effectual drain* for any considerable 
length of timet Are the ditches more liable to get 
out ol repair than si onto urn f Where can the‘'Dick' 
bison dUcher" bu bought) It has been some time 
since I have seen anything concerning these plows, 
t live tn the “OhenittUg Group," with plight out-crOp* 
pinge of tbo “old icd sandstone formation." Oar 
suhsoil Is mostly a day loam. Surface drains are not 
sufficient, and labor is so scarce, as well a» high. that 
wc cannot afford to drain by band labor. If you v.'Ui 
afl'ord space in your paper to post “ wo 'uuh, you 
will oblige quite a number or constant readers aud 
young farmers. - L. II. K., AUeguny Co., N. i . 
Will some or our friends In the “Southern Tier," 
where, we believe, the plow named was first intro¬ 
duced, please answer the above inquiries ? 
niony 
men who have lattcd many heavy cattle, and 
owned line horses fed on such hay, especially 
timothy. 
Iu changing the grasses into hay, one object 
is bad Lu view, that is, to dry out the water of 
the sap without producing any chemical changes 
of the nutrient elements : how best to do this 
is the question. If loft spread, exposed to the 
pays of a burning sun, It soon is discolored, und 
from bciug soft tnd pliable, it becomes harsh 
and brittle; to remedy this, as far a» practicable, 
grass should ho cured iu the shade. A substi¬ 
tute for actual shsdo is found in frequent turn¬ 
ing of the grass, and here we find the advantage 
of the “ Hay Tedderinstead of the slow and 
tedious process of turning by haud, you mount 
tbo scat, seize the reins, aud If necessary set 
your horses Into a trot, and the work is soon 
done. Grass left till mature requires less drying, 
us the sap contains less water than iu a younger, 
more succulent state. If cut after the dew is 
off, by two or three turnings it is frequently, if 
good drying weather, suilicieutly cured to put 
in the mow, and may be boused by 3 or 4 o’clock 
of tbo sainc day. In case it is not sufficiently 
dry it should be secured In good sized cocks, 
well put up, aud trimmed to shed dew or wet; 
the next day tho cocks may be divided or turned 
bottom up, and exposed a short time, to dry off 
moisture gathered from the ground, and carted 
before dinner. 
It is presumed that at the present day, suita¬ 
ble barns are provided by all farmers who are 
up to the times, in which to store their hay ; but 
in case there be some who may find it neces- 
miry to stuck hay out, I would say, lay a good 
foundation, raised at least one foot from the 
ground, the size you wish your btack at the hot 
Whit Ails th*P ies?—-Wltbiu the last week I had 
four sow's drop tlieir pigs. Nearly all of them have 
from their birt h been affected by ft shaking similar to 
an ague, always increasing in Intensity whenever 
they attempt to walk or get at their teed—sometimes 
clinking so violently that, they are unable to hold on to 
the teat. Two or three have died, apparently iron' 
this rtuise, and more win probably follow. The ukitsi- 
litter arc getting bettor, The sows are nil in v»oa 
condition,Tint not very fat—have always been thmiog 
and healthy. The sire of the pigs in a "Cneawr 
White.” My neighbors have trover seen a | , - as ® ® l 
the kind before—have any of the readers of the «u- 
ual? -B., (Jtnesee Co , A'. Y. 
will secrete juices that will speedily destroy life, 
aud the other those that are nutritious and life- 
giving. 
Prof. Johnston speaks of this, in an article 
commending the ubc of green matter to be 
plowed under, us a comparatively cheap and easy 
Will some of our 
mode of enriching the soil 
correspondents make the trial of taking off the 
blossoms from a small patch of potatoes, aud 
communicate the result to the Farmer? — New 
England Farmer. 
Inquiries About tiik Poultry Bcbinkss. win 
you i.hrough your valuable paper, refer 
one who keeps poultry (hens In partteo ar) (, ' r . 
profit or the same ? Can poultry of that 
aud made profitable with proper or* |n 'orar 
numbers? Can you refer me to style of biiddlngsMt- 
able for that purpose? also, manner or in»mit j* '" 
raising chickens? What kind of h-ns •*> ft® 
layers, and the most hardy awl suitable tor t 
turn y How many should be kept in ’ ' ^ 
yard ? If yon. or any of your numerous readu s v, o iu 
advise me on the subject, they would obllgo-AN Old 
Subscriber, Glen's Falls, A'. I. 
Milk Weed Blind Ditches. - I n *S2lZ l {SlS 
your column with toterest to lea. u s m * 
Don’t Run the Cows. 
Now, boys, wc have a word to say to you. 
Wheu we were of your age we always had to 
drive the cows to pasture, and go and bring 
them, too. Sometimes we got a little late, or 
we were anxious to get off to play, or u cow 
found a bit of good, sweet grass, better than 
she bad found all day in the pasture, and would 
stop to take u bite und full behind the rest. 
That was provoking, aud we were upt to give 
her a pretty severe lesson. In fact, we were 
guilty of hurrying up on many occasions. It 
was all wrong, but we little knew bow much 
injury we were inflicting on ourselves, as well 
us on the cows. 
Now It Is perfectly well known that over¬ 
driving causes tho milk to be heated and fever¬ 
ish, especially in hot weather, aud this milk is 
Premium on gold at i w. 
Equivalent of Duty on Foreign 
or say 80%c. per pound. 
not a heal till ul article of food either as milk or pcnsable 
