these three hundred merchants aud men of busi¬ 
ness, met from Novia Scotia to St Louis, and 
from all leading cities between. Able men after 
their kind, keen and quick, or solid and self- 
possessed. The Hall, on the fourth floor of the 
“ Detroit Board of Trade Building,” is adorned 
with flags of America aud England, with fit 
mottoes on the walls, and a tasteful painting be¬ 
hind the platform representing Freedom, Com¬ 
merce, aud Industry. I look out from my 
window on the blue waters of the beautiful 
river close by, the steamers and vessels passing 
and at rest, and the pleasant Canadian shore 
opposite. 
The organization, mode of voting, &c., is ad¬ 
justed after some difficulty. The question of 
means of transit eastward for the increasing 
products of the West has called out able speeches. 
A resolve in favor of buildiug a Niagara Ship 
Canal arouud the Falls, on our side, bus passed ; 
and the still further enlargement of the Erie 
Canal has been ably discussed. Mr. Little- 
john of Oswego, said “all the present modes of 
formerly was a mixture of native and French Merino, 
yielding from 4 to 5 lbs. of wool per head, wool of sec¬ 
ond quality, and the sheep hard keepers. The year- 
liugs usually sheared about 4 V lbs, per head. lit 
.. was Induced iu the. ffll of '02 to purchase a Merino 
ram for which be paid $35. He was the first sheep or 
the kind brought into*the place. Neighbors shook 
their heads—said he was too small—they couldn’t see 
the money. A prominent wool grower could find 
nothing exrra about him but the rings in his horns! 
Mr. Jeffers was rather faint-hearted hjmseir. So he 
tried him to only hair his ewes. “The lambs came 
strong aud hardy. A marked difference between them 
aud the others could be seen as they grew up, in com¬ 
pactness of form, thickness of pelt, and especially in 
the covering on the bellies and legs. All the lambs 
were kept together until shearing. Those from the 
Spanish or American Merino ram produced from 1 to 
3 lbs. more of wool per head than the others. They 
wintered better.” So our correspondent, the next 
fa! i, purchased a ram brought from Vt., and some ewes 
_the ram being from the flock of A. J. Wooster. He 
has shorn this ram’s first lambs this season. “The 
lightest gave 6 lbs., the heaviest 10?* lbs. ol washed 
wool -the average being 7!Q lbs. The ram gave 18Jf 
around the heart to he filled very full of yellow¬ 
ish water.” 
We have never witnessed any disease, or anal¬ 
ogous disease, to the rapid and fatal one here 
described. Some of the symptoms remind ns of 
rheumatism, and rheumatism in the human 
subject is not nnfrequently followed by peri¬ 
carditis, indicated above by the unusual effusion 
of yellow fluid between the pericardium and the 
heart 
chain of documentary testimony imenueu ^ 
prove the above facts-that there were pure 
Paulars in the United States, and that they were 
in the bands of various individuals, or, m other 
words that, there were a very considerable num¬ 
ber of them. This testimony was published m 
the Agriculturist and Cultivator in December, 
1S44 The editor of the former dropped the 
controversy so far as we were concerned, and 
soon dropped it entirely. With the character¬ 
istic generosity of a frank, hold man who found 
that he had been in error, he offered, in a letter 
now before us, to strike out our name in future 
editions of the Agriculturist, in those passages 
where one of his correspondents had reflected on 
us in an offensive manuer. 
The pedigrees then published were accepted 
by the public as entirely satisfactory, in proving 
all we claimed to prove; and we do not remem¬ 
ber to have seen a doubt expressed that they 
established the existence of pure Faular blood 
in the United States, until twenty years afterward! 
Yet even ou the occasion of offering these 
proofs, we again, iu our prefatory remarks, 
expressed our contempt for the special impor¬ 
tance attached to the name of one of the Span¬ 
ish cabanas. We said: 
“I make this explanation, not because I have any 
doubts as to the fact involved [the existence of pure 
Paulars in the United States,! or my ability to prove 
that fact, but because having repeatedly expressed my 
disregard publicly and privately, for what I consider 
the fictitious importance attached to the Paular name, 
and having so repeatedly laughed at both the pros and 
the cons in what maybe styled the ‘Paular War, 1 
have no ambition now to be suddenly elevated to the 
rank of a leader or champion, in either of the bellig¬ 
erent forces; In other words, I would not constitute 
myself, or be constituted by others, one of the prin¬ 
cipal parties to a dispute which I regard as of little 
importance.*' * 
And from that day to this we have never 
expressed any contrary opinion. But it is not 
wonderful, perhaps, that a somewhat different 
impression should have been left on the public 
A Great Cheese Show at the State Fair.— We 
are glad to learn that there is a prospect of one of the 
flueet public exhibitions of Cheese ever made In any 
country, at the next Fair of ihe New York State Agri¬ 
cultural Society Some of tho leading enterprising 
dairymen of Oneida and Adjoining counties have re¬ 
solved that their interest shill not fail of being repre¬ 
sented in a manner suitable to its importance. A 
thousand cheese arc* to he shown. The Executive 
Board, anxious to aid the manufacturers in their laud¬ 
able exertions, will place at Ihelr disposal either a 
large tent or a suitable building. We apprehend one 
of the most attractive features of the coming show 
will be the Cheese-Makers' Hall 
and it would not be extraordinary if per¬ 
version of vision was au accompanying symp¬ 
tom. But we should expect iu pericarditis a 
breathing so labored that it would attract 
notice; and we should not expect these mala¬ 
dies, or phases of malady, so suddenly to de¬ 
stroy life. A ball of wood so firmly pressed 
over or into the opening of the duodeuum as 
entirely to obstruct the passage betweeu the 
stomach and the intestines might produce an 
inflammation of the parts which would result in 
death: hut the autopsy should disclose traces ol 
this inflammation —and here, too, the transi¬ 
tion from apparent health to death could 
scarcely, it would seem, bo so sudden. The in¬ 
flammation would be accompanied by severe 
pain, but we should not look for spasms. We 
have lying before ns some balls or bunches of 
wool from the stomach of a lamb which was 
supposed to die from their effects. They con¬ 
stitute a light, soft, elastic substance, not very 
well calculated, apparently, wheu immersed in 
the fluids of the 6tomach, to produce so sudden 
and fatal an inflammation of its lining mem¬ 
branes. That they produce death by a mechan¬ 
ical obstruction of the duodenum we cannot 
credit. We have never opened the stomach of 
a lamb containing these halls of wool, and may 
be mistaken as to their effects, hut we canuot 
wheu the Society 
held its first Fair at Utica, in 1845, the largest exhi¬ 
bition of chee.sc ever marie before or since was then 
shown. We beltevo the number exhibited was about 
200 -something over 20,000 lbs. 
— We hear that the preparations for the coming 
Fair are progressing finely. The indications in all 
directions are favarable for one of the grandest exhi¬ 
bitions which has ever yet been made. 
made. Such being the case, it would be well if 
the Northwest could buildup manufactories to 
use some part of her extra produce at home, and 
even then her surplus would be large. 
There was a committee chosen, loo, on “ Ag¬ 
riculture and Manufacturers,” embracing some 
of the best men in the Convention, and resolves 
passed in favor of the duty of Government to 
foster home industry, and thus augment national 
wealth and well-being, aud gain indispensable 
means to save financial trouble. I like the 
choosing of this committee, as a recognition of 
the great industrial interests composed as it is 
of producers of raw materials and commodities, 
of which the merchant is the carrier aud ex¬ 
changer. Manufacturesarehere,and take part; 
at 6ome future Convention I hope Farmer's 
Clubs will scud their delegates, and thus these 
meetings will be “ Board of Trade and Indus¬ 
try,” with broader views and clearer perceptions 
of the real unity of interest between all depart¬ 
ments of labor and skill. 
The Reciprocity Treaty is just up, and will 
call out much earnest debate. The Canadians 
are here ably represented, and are already pre¬ 
senting their views. But the daily press will 
give details. This is but a glance at this first 
National Convention, aud a looking forward to 
the meeting of a “National Convention of 
Boards of Trade aud Industry " which will be of 
still wider benefit, and more vital interest and 
value. 
Board of Trade Hall, 
and the care of a large estate. He was widely known 
us both a friend and promoter of Rural Improvement, 
and thousands will sincerely mourn his decease. 
J ndge Carroll was over 70 years of age at the time 
of his death, aud had been a citizen of Western New 
York for half a century. 
About Going South to Settle.— Much has been 
written of the benefit to the country of the emigration 
of Northern men to the South, thus introducing north¬ 
ern enterprise and ideas May there not bo something 
practical with reference to this matter ? I believe there 
is no other part of the South so well adapted to the 
habits and feelings or men from this State as the Shen¬ 
andoah Valley. To have congenial society It would 
be desirable to have a number of families go together. 
Are there not a dozen or more persons in Western 
New York who would wieh to settle in this way i I 
intend to go to Virginia to look for a place within two 
months, and I would he pleased to have others go 
with me who might wish to do bo, aud I would en¬ 
deavor, berorc or afterwards, to answer any inquiries 
addressed to me. Meantime, are there not some of 
yonr readers who can communicate something of in¬ 
terest and value with reterence to Virginia ?— Levi 
N. Beebe, West Bloomfield, A. F. 
Communications, elite 
name by t-lic controversy. It seemed, on paper, 
to be the central point of the controversy. It 
was the direct issue taken between the parties. 
The assailants of the American sheep expatiated 
glowingly on the excellencies of the Spanish 
Paulars for the purpose of establishing as strong 
a contrast as possible with what they claimed to 
he characteristics of the alleged American Pau¬ 
lars. The other side took no pains to darken 
these pictures—hut earnestly and steadily strove 
to appropriate the name. Ostensibly, then, the 
battle took place for the shadow instead of the 
substance —and it is not very wonderful that 
many persons confounded them. And it is pro¬ 
verbial of new beginners, and of what may he 
termed the narrow-guage men of every degree of 
experience, that they perpetually incline to the 
mistake of running after names instead of things. 
But it is amusing that, after our own repeated 
protests on the subject, and after a twenty years’ 
lull in the “ Paular War,” that war should not 
only be renewed, but that we should he com¬ 
pelled again to play the part of defendant, or 
else submit to he constantly catechised and 
have it asserted that we cannot make good onr 
assertions on the subject in Fine Wool Husban¬ 
dry and the Practical Shepherd’ Well, we will 
try once more to dispose of the question (in 
our next number,) and we shall then hope to he 
excused from paying further attention to it. 
We trust that no person will mistake the 
hearing of the preceding remarks on questions 
of blood and jiedigree. We are a thorough 
believer in both. We believe that our Ameri¬ 
can Merinos owe their excellence, and their 
capacity for rapid improvement, to their pure 
blood. Mongrel?, whatever their individual ex¬ 
cellencies, are always “spitting back,” Noth¬ 
ing which is established and reliable can be hid 
from them, without long, long years of cultiva¬ 
tion and selection. Again, we believe if we 
have representations of distinct Spanish cabanas 
among us, it is well to know and ad on the fact. 
They are of separate aud long unrelated strains 
of blood, and have been bred to exhibit far 
greater points of divergence than did the origi¬ 
nal Spanish flocks from which they are de¬ 
scended. These different qualities fit them for 
different situations aud circumstances. For 
this reason, if for no other, they should be kept 
carefully separate in the hands of an extensive 
class of breeders. And as long as they are kept 
separate, there will he fresh blood for a crop, 
without going out of the breed, for all who 
prove unsuccessful in a course of in-and-in 
breeding. 
For these reasons, their separate pedigrees 
are highly valuable. It. is a very important fact 
to breeders that they can be traced to separate 
and to single cabanas. But it does not, now, 
make a straw’s difference which of those cabanas 
they are traced to. One name would he as good 
as another, provided it came as near the truth. 
* American Agriculturist, Jan. 1844, p. 807. 
PORK MAKING IN THE WEST 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker;— In the Rural of 
July 15th, I notice an inquiry from a Young 
Man of Rlpon, Wis., in regard to raising and 
fattening pork in the West, asking whether it 
can be made profitable on a large scale; also, 
what circumstances govern most the probable 
success of such an enterprise. Having for some 
years been engaged in raising and fattening 
pork, and endeavoring to gather information on 
the abovo subject* lor one I am ready to answer 
that it will pay well if properly conducted. 
Every Western man knows from observation 
that those amongft us who have fattened pork 
for the past ten ytars have made it pay well, and 
the more extensile they have made the business 
the more succeed they have been. But few, 
however, liaio ei^ged in It. as our Ripon friend 
proposes, yet I cm see no good reason why one 
or even two lnMlred hogs cannot be made 
equally as profitAe as a smaller number, if 
properly conduct* with suitable circumstances 
and convenience^ 
In the winter ■’ 1864 I had the pleasure of 
making the acqiMintance of Wm. W. Field of 
Grant Co., Wis. IHe was then Speaker of the 
Assembly, hut when at home a live farmer. 
Speaker Field the 6Utmner previous had fatten¬ 
ed 105 hogs, but not having conveniences to raise 
his own pigs, be was then obliged to buy shoats 
when about twelve months old, which he fonnd 
no trouble in doing in the bordering counties of 
Iowa. In feeding, Mr. F. had adopted the Indi¬ 
ana style—fencing off a part of the corn field 
and letting the bogs help themselves. This 
course he had followed for two years, aud gave, 
as his opinion, that it was much the heat when 
a large number were to be fed, for the following 
reasons 
Detroit, Mich., July 13, 
CATCHING A TARTAR 
■Under date of South 
g the 6hade of an 
the Rural “ Wheat and rye are harvested, ana a 
good crop is realized. Haying is being pressed as fast 
as the weather will admit of. Wet and cloudy wentber 
hiudere considerably. Corn, potatoes, l '.‘baccy, &c., 
are coming ou finely. Tobacco as a general thing in 
ibis town is looking well, aud quite forward. Some 
pieces the plants will average from twenty to twenty- 
four inches in height. New potatoes retail in market 
at about 40 cts. per peek; butter 88 and 40 eta. per lb. 
There will be but few apples and those poor; they fail 
from the trees very badly. Grapes will he abundant 
from present prospects, they are quite forward. I 
omitted to say above that the hay crop is large, a few 
pieces only that were injured by the extreme drouth 
of last season excepted.” 
was observed among a cluster ot nenB anti cuick- 
ena. Tbe old ones sounded an alarm and started 
for a hedge of briars with their broods. Anon 
a hawk swooped down, and after considerable 
delay rose with a chicken in his claws. Efforts 
were made to make him relinquish his prey, 
which was etill alive, hut they were unavailing. 
The hawk rose spirally above tbe trees, but 
instead of bearing away for tbe forest when 
clear oi the orchard, he kept on circling upward 
till ne became but a speck against the sky. Then 
the descent commenced, Blowly at first, but in¬ 
creasing in velocity as he neared the ground till 
he came thump upon it. As he struck the earth 
the mystery of his movements was explained. 
While the hawk was catching the chicken 
among the briars, a weasel had made a lodgment 
under his wing and had been carried aloft as a 
consequence. 
To make the voyBge both profitable and 
agreeable, the weasel commenced making an 
incision in the hawk’s body near to aud par¬ 
tially funder the wing. So persistently and 
with such expedition was the work per¬ 
formed. that, when the hawk reached the 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE, ITEMS, &c 
Samples of Wool, Weight of Fleeces.—M. D. & 
D. D. Carr, Pinckney, Livingston Co., Mich., send 
ns a number of samples. They write that their “flock 
has been bred from the Paular or Robinson stock, 
bought, direct from Mr. Robinson in 1850, by Dr. J. R. 
Goodrich, of whom they purchased the following 
year.*' They “have bred from that stock until the 
paet year, except one cross with an Atwood ram," 
They are noiv using a ram whose pedigree they do not 
state. In 1854 they “ sheared 2,559 lbs. of wool from 
342 sheep-an average of 7 % IbB. Forty of the best 
ewes produced 442 lbs. —averaging a fraction over 11 
lb?. They “ sold ihelr wool last year for $1 a pound." 
The six samples from ewes arc excellent specimens 
of delatne wool, averaging say 3 inches long. Quality 
and style medium; yolk abandant and yellow, with 
middling dark end; end in points like most wool of 
that length. Three teg samples not numbered. Two 
of them inferior to preceding in style, and hut one as 
Judging from three sam 
Saving in time, as one man 
with a pair of oxen would move the fence in 
half a day so as to enclose sufficient for one 
week’6 feed. Second — Land managed in this 
au easy tropuy to a sinau ciuu, wuu which uio 
life and sufferings were terminated. The weasel, 
satisfied with his serial journey and the fluid ex¬ 
tracted from the body of the hawk, darted away 
tho momenta lauding was made, and was lost to 
view among the brambles from which be emerged 
to assault the chicken stealer. The weasel is a 
deadly enemy to rats and mice, aud wilt soon 
clear a barn or stuck of these pests. So far he 
iB an excellent ally to the farmer, hut the trouble 
is, that the weasel, like some other animals, like6 
variety, hence occasionally assaults a fowl to 
gratify this propensity to change. — n. u. 
long in proportion to ago, 
pies, the present ram will not improve the flock. 
William Beebe, Beacon Farm, near Northport, 
Suffolk Co., N. 1'., sends us a dozen eamples from a 
flock, composed of sheep which we sold to him, and 
their descendants. The samples (taken from shorn 
fleeces) average about 2Jtf inches long, and “though 
wc say it ourselves who ought not to say It,” they are 
of superior style and qnallty. Mr. Beebe writes that 
“ alt the fleeces were well washed, tags clipped off, ar,d 
tied with flue thread cord not weighing half an ounce 
per head.” One hundred ewes averaged 7 lbs. The 
whole averaged (j)4 lbs. each. The 2 year old rams 
yielded from 12 lbs. to 15 lbs. 
Joel W. Hardy, East Palmyra, Wayne Co., N. Y. 
Three samples from rams one, two and three years 
old. First and second were three inches loug; third 
two and three-fourths inches long. First (teg wool) 
good style and quality, yolk palish and medium in 
amount; second harsher and drier to the feel; third 
more like first, but not eoft enough. Weight of teg's 
fleece, 14 lhs. 2 oze.; of two year old, (fleece 11 mo. and 
10 days old,) 17 lbs. 1 oz.; of three year old, 19 lbs. 
13 ozs. 
W. H. Morse, Beloit, Wis., gives us the following 
facts in regard to the Merino flock of H. & A. F. 
Morse of that place. The flock was brought from Vt 
iu I860. Tiro of the nuns remain, and these and 12 of 
different ages raised from them, produced lfit} lbs., or 
an average of 14 lba. of wool. They are not an assort, 
ed lot, but include all in the flock. They have 180 
ewes that averaged IS lhs. They raised lambs. Age 
of fleeces 12)£ months. 
of corn, which when sold brought over and 
above first cost about £700. So well pleased 
was be with his two year’s experience, that he 
intended to fatten not less than two hundred 
the following season. 
As to what circumstances govern the probable 
success of such an undertaking, all I consider 
necessary are these: First —The proper breed 
of hogs, such as fatten when properly fed ; not 
prairie racers that the more you feed the more 
and faster they run and squeal. After two years 
trial I have fonnd the Chester Co. Whites the 
hog for mo. Second — Your laud must be well 
adapted to com, raising good crops without 
much inauual labor; and lastly, you must be in 
possession of a fair share of common sense, 
which must he reduced to practice in attending 
to your business in planting your corn in proper 
season, preparing the land right for tho seed, 
&c. Proper attention to the porkers is also 
equally necessary—seeing that they arc properly 
aud regularly fed and cared for. If the young 
man of Ripon is in possession of the above, he is 
all right on the hog question, and I have no 
doubt will succeed if he engages iu that business. 
Darien, Walworth Co., Wis., 1805. J. Jeffers. 
The Western Rural.—T hiB live member of the 
Rural Family has been considerably enlarged, aud ap¬ 
pear# to lie prospering finely. We again wish it the 
success it merits, and that is not small. Published by 
II. N. F. Lewis, Detroit—$2 50 per annum. 
The Parmer and Mirror.—T he late “ Dollar Mir¬ 
ror and N. H. Journal of Agriculture,” of Manchester 
N. H., comes to us under tho title or Paiutei' and 
J furor, with a new and showy vignette heading, i' ud 
its borders greatly enlarged. It is now as large as any 
of the Boston agricultural weeklies, and devotes the 
’first of its four eight column pages to Rural Affairs. 
John B. Clarke is the Editor; terms, 
CATTLE IN THE HIGHWAY 
Eds. Rural Nbw-Yorker :— I see in your 
valuable paper of May 13th a note beaded “Ad¬ 
vice Wanted — Cattle in Highway,” over the 
signature of Romulus. 
I would say to RoMri.ua that I take it for 
granted the law? of New York and Wisconsin 
are similar in regard to highways and fencing. 
In both States every fanner owns the land in the 
highway; but he is under no obligation to fence 
along the highway — the law is silent on that 
subject, although it is very particular in regard 
to iine fences. Every farmer owns whatever 
grows ou his land in the highway, as much as on 
any part of the farm, and no man has any right 
to take it except for the benefit of the highway. 
Now iny advice to Romulus is, to prosecute 
the man that lets his cattle trespass ou his pro¬ 
duce in the highway, until ho learns your rights 
and will let you have them. But in Wisconsin 
I would say, take up his cattle as estraye, and 
keep them until he pays the damages, (following 
the estray law.) It is every man’s business to 
fence or take care of his own cattle, except 
where Helds join. A Farmer. 
Hudson, Wis., 1865. 
DISEASE OF LAMBS. 
J. L. Bingham, Ellsworth, Ohio, describes a 
disease among the lambs of his own and other 
flocks in his vicinity. He says it attacks the 
fattest iambs of the flock from two to four 
weeks old. “ The symptoms are various. Some 
become blind and wander about, picking at the 
gross but not eating; and they soon die. Some 
are very stiff in their shoulders; others seem 
unable to stand from weakness, suffer severe 
pain, sometimes accompanied with spasms. I 
visit the flock every few hours, sometimes find¬ 
ing lambs dead that appeared well at my pre¬ 
vious visit.” On opening the stomach after 
death, “ a ball of wool from the size of a child’s 
. marble to that, of a walnut, is fouud iu the lower 
part of it entirely obstructing the passage from 
the stomach to the Intestines, which are void of 
all excrements aud filled very full with wind.” 
“ A further examination shows the membrane 
Stiimt Machines Wanted.— We aro in searcu * 
information iu regard to stump rnuchiue#. w c l 
U. know whose is the host, uml where the) , ^ 1 ’ e 
faetured. We arc desirous of getting a good mactim 
here—one Ihal will do pood work, and Hl , aa „”*!£rfe 
bio Azures tut possible. Can you Inferm us "^,. 
CujkWKouD’s Stump and Kocfc Extractor ftud ^ 
is manufactured}—and who owns 
territory? Please give us wlmt informal! u. 
tui the (subject.-Born & Hill, Letewton ■ 
Bolng unable to answer the above questions d ‘ uui ^ 
ly, we request those posted or interested ^ rt J ' 
either by letter to Messrs. B. & U., or thro tin 1 ‘ 
Those having good stump machine# for sale cut 
advertise in this and other agricultural journals. 
COMMERCIAL MEN IN CONVENTION 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— Why should not 
the farmers know what the merchant* aro doing V 
So I came here to know, and am sitting by a 
desk in the corner of this Hull, looking out on 
Is Crossing with Merino Rams Profitable ?—J. 
Jffers, Darien, Walworth Co., Wis., writes us that 
he was formerly strongly prejudiced against crossing 
with the Spanish or American Merino. His “ flock 
