A GREAT ENGINEERING FEAT 
In Brazil, M. Brinless, assisted by English 
capitalists, has been engaged in “ lifting ” a rail¬ 
road. (the San Paulo) over the great Sierra de 
Mar, a mountaiuous elevation 2,000 feet high. 
The entire ascent is divided into four 41 lifts,” or 
inclines of a mile and a quarter each, running 
at a gradient of one in ten. A level platform, 
or “ bankbead,” marks the summit of each in¬ 
cline, and at the upper end of the platform is a 
stationary engine. This engine has double cyl¬ 
inders of twenty-six inches diameter, with a five 
feet stroke, and ha3 been calculated to haul up 
fifty tons at the rate of ten miles per hour. Five 
boilers of the Cornish description are placed 
with each engine. On the upper half of each 
Incline there is a double line of rails, with ar¬ 
rangements for passing places on the middle of 
each of these 41 lifts.” A single line of rails 
then runs on from the center to the foot of each 
of the four divtslons into which the ascent is 
divided. A steel wire rope, 1 y x inches diameter 
is made for pulliDg up the ascending trains. 
This rope, tested to a weight far exceeding the 
requirements that will be made upon it, passes 
over friction wheels, and is attached to the fly¬ 
wheel shaft. The inclines are partially self-act¬ 
ing, at the same time passlog oae train down to 
Written for Moore’s Itnral New-Yorker, 
SCIENTIFIC NOTES. 
Dear Rural I propose, from time to time, 
to send you such late scientific facts as I may 
have an opportunity of observing myself, or 
such interesting gossip relating to scientific 
matters as I may glean from the journals which 
fall in my way. Every paper should stimulate 
its readers to special scientific Inquiries and In¬ 
vestigations; and to this end it should give 
them, at Btated periods, intelligent accounts of 
the discoveries and experiment* a filch are con¬ 
stantly being made in the scientific world. I 
believe you sgree with me In this opinion, and 
that you have acted on this principle yourself 
with no little success. This being the case, no 
farther introduction will be necessary. 
BT REV. CHAS. IvISGSLST. 
I once had a sweet little Doll, dears, 
The prettiest Doll in the world; 
Her cheeks were so red and so white, dears, 
And her hair was so charmingly curled! 
I lost my poor little Doll, dears. 
As I played on tho heath one day; 
And I cried Tor her more than a week, dears, 
For I never could find where she lay. 
Bat I found my poor little Doll, dears, 
As I played on the heath one day: 
Folks say she is shockingly changed, dears, 
For her paint Is all washed away. 
And her arm’s trodden off by the cows, dears, 
And her hair’s not the least bit curl’d. 
But for old loves sake, she is still, dears, 
The prettiest Doll In the world. 
Written Tor Moore's Rural New-Yorker. 
A WORD TO BOYS. 
You are to become the men of the Republic. 
In a few years to your care will be intrusted this 
great Nation, the Union your fathers and broth¬ 
ers have maintained so gloriously, and the living 
principle of Liberty as embodied in our Govern- 
meat. Look forward now upon this vast inher¬ 
itance which will surely be yours, and compre¬ 
hend, if yon can, its whole extent and the 
requisitions it will make upon its possessors;— 
look back upon our country at its beginning 
and trace It upward to the present; study the 
character of the men who have so far developed 
the strength and wealth of the country; mark 
their virtues land consider well the school in 
which they were educated to such moral strength 
and intellectual greatness. 
And, again, study the men who plotted* and 
battled for the overthrow of this Government, 
and mark their virtues; but if, perchance, you 
find no virtue, you should doubly beware the 
surroundings which restated in developing such 
beings,—men who would have sacrificed the na¬ 
tion for an hour of glory, but whose names will 
be handed down to posterity as the blackest of 
all names, Judas Iscariot only excepted. 
Read the history of other countries, and in their 
growth you will find a similarity to that of our 
own. And the causes which you find have pro¬ 
duced their downfall might just as surely pro¬ 
duce the destruction of our own. 
Beware of the corruption of ease, and affect 
not aristocratic pride; it is the accessory of 
Royalty, not of Democracy.;; 
“lie is the freeman whom the truth makes free. 
And all are slaves beside.” 
Strive to become fully competent for the task, 
and make our country such that an American 
citizen shall be more honored than a king. Let 
it not be said of you that with the bright exam¬ 
ple of your fathers and brothers before you, you 
failed utterly and miserably. No, it will not be ; 
you will make your generation the brightest 
epoch in the peaceful history of our country, 
and will hand down to your sons the old flag 
surrounded by a halo of glory and covered with 
a firmament of stars. ~ r 
THS DATS THOMAS WILE3Y. ?. G„ FOU: 
Lodge No. 1. Thus was s«t in motion that 
organization which is now recognized as the 
Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 
During the ten years which followed he insti¬ 
tuted four lodges in Maryland, organized the 
Grand Lodge of Maryland, the Grand Lodge of 
the L'nited States, an! originated the Patri¬ 
archal Order; he had extended the institution 
to Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and 
the District of Columbia, In each of which States 
Grand Lodges had been formed, and out of these 
Grand Lodges the present Grand Lodge of the 
| United States. 
In 1S29 he entered upon his second official term 
as Grand Sire of the Order, having already served 
four years. In 1339, having sacrificed official posi¬ 
tion, we find hhu in the same Grand Lodge at 
Philadelphia, still laboring in the cause to which 
he seemed to have devoted his life. At this time 
tho Order was eminently successful. It had 
been Introduced into New Jersey and Rhode Is¬ 
land ; he was there to give it life and energy. 
He carried it to Delaware, Ohio, Louisiana, Ken¬ 
tucky, and Virginia, a; <1 received in recogni¬ 
tion of his services the thanks of the Grand 
Lodge at its next sesslou. 
In 1840 the Grand Lodge of tho United States 
ordered the full-length portrait of Mr. Wildet, 
and in 1S41 again depute* him upon official busi¬ 
ness to the East and North. From this period 
the Grand Lodge of the United State*, which 
had hitherto been for the most part composed of 
proxy representation, began to' consider plans 
for assembling the State juric tictioos by proper 
personal representations ( n 1S42 the measure 
was set on foot, and consummated in 1S43. The 
effect of this wise act of legislation upon the 
prosperity of the Order it is almost impossible 
to value. It assembled represeuthes in 1343 
from twenty States; aud in September, ISfiO as¬ 
sembled representatives from every State in 
each year with greater celerity, extended its fel¬ 
lowship and usefulness. Mr. Wildet, though 
infirm with ago and disease, continued an active 
member until death, which, in 1SG1, put au end 
to his useful career. 
The monument has been loe .ted at a very com¬ 
manding point, being at the apex of the hill on 
Broadway as It rises from Baltimore Street, lu a 
wide open space,in one of the squares in the center 
of the street, with a good view ou all sides. The 
structure is52 feet 7 inches high, and stands upon 
a base ©f rough granite 10 feet 6 inches square. 
All except the base is marble. I mmediately above 
thebase Is a solid marble block,facing the cardinal 
points, and in It has been placed tablets with in¬ 
scriptions encircled by a wreath. On the north side 
of the base are the words:— 44 He who realizes that 
the true mission of man on earth is to rise above 
the level of individual iuiluence, and to recognize 
the fatherhood of God over all, and the brother¬ 
hood of man, is nature’s true nobleman." The 
rest of the base is plain. The north tablet has 
the words : — 41 This column, erected ,by the 
joint contributions of the lodges, encampments, 
an^ individual members of the Independent Or¬ 
der of Odd Fellows of the United States of 
America, and jurisdictions thereunto belonging, 
commemorates the founding of that Order in the 
City of Baltimore on the 25th of April, 1319, by 
Thomas Wildet.” Thesouth tablet has this;— 
44 We command you to visit the sick, relieve the 
distressed, bury the dead, and educate the 
orphan.” The other tablets have appropriate 
inscriptions and figures. The whole is sur¬ 
mounted by a statue of Charity. 
The erection of the monument was celebrated 
With an enthusiasm which will make^the day a 
memorable one in the history of the Order. 
and thereby assisting its industrial and ( 
cial development —Philadelphia. ledger. 
most of the European States. There arc no 
American members. The questions of 44 inde¬ 
pendent morality,” and ‘‘whether it were better 
to place public instruction under the guardiuu- 
ship of Church or State," and, iu political econ¬ 
omy, 4i the restrictions to be made in the free¬ 
dom of societies with limited responsibility” 
were among those discussed.” The diversity of 
opinions among the members was quite remark¬ 
able, and as is usual, very lively debates took 
place; but we doubt that the world will be 
much benefited by them. 
LINOLEUM. 
Linoleum, derived from iinw linseed, and 
oleum oil, is the name of a new material, the 
manufacture of which has commenced in Eug- 
land, and which threatens to become a formid¬ 
able rival to India-rubber. Common linseed oil 
is solidified, or 44 oxidized” by the absorption 
of ox 7 gen, by this process becoming a semi¬ 
in this state it Is combined 
gums and ether ingredients, 
GERMAN W00D-CARVTNG, 
resinous substance, 
with resinous 
whereupon it assumes the appearance and most 
of the properties of India-rubber. Like India- 
rubber It can be dissolved into a cement, and 
and used In the manufacture of material for 
water-proof clothing. It can be used as a var 
nish for tho protection of iron or wood, or for 
coating ships’ bottoms. It is good as a com¬ 
mon cement, having properties similar to the 
marine glue made from India-rubber aud shellac. 
It is readily vulcanized by exposure to heat, ana 
by this means becomes as hard as the hardest 
woods, and capable of a fine polish. Tho variety 
of uses to which it can be applied in this form 
will at once suggest themselves to the reader. 
The manufacture of linoleum has thus far been 
made Bolcly to produce floor cloth, for which it 
has proved Itself well adapted. Combined with 
ground cork, it Is spread ou a stout canvas, the 
back of which is afterwards water-proofed with 
the oxidized oil. The fabric is then printed by 
means of blocks in the ordinary way. The 
floor-cloth thus produced is pliable, noiseless to 
walk upon, washes well, preserves its color, and 
cau be rolled up like an ordiuury carpet. It is 
very durable, and its component parts will not 
decompose by heat or exposure to tho suu or 
air, as will India-rubber. 
SENSATIONS OF BALLOONING. 
A speaker at a late meeting of the Royal In¬ 
stitution, In London, described things as they 
appear to those who ascend in a balloon for the 
first time. One man declared that his head 
swelled to such a size tbat'he could not keep on 
his hat, while another was equally positive in 
in the statement that his head contracted to 
that exteut that his hut fell over his eyes. A 
foreign aeronaut asserted that a bottle of wine 
exploded, aud that he mounted so high that he 
was almost beyond the attraction of tho earth, 
that the sand which was let out of the bag re¬ 
mained suspended in the air, &c., Ac. All of 
which teaches us that correct observations can 
hardly be made by novices in aerostation. 
A CURIOUS FACT. 
Will some of your readers furnish the Rural 
with the scientific explanation of the following 
fact, a description of which I clip from a daily 
paper:— 44 It is found that a solid piece of iron 
will float on molten irou, and even if the solid 
piece be pushed to tho bottom of a mass of mol¬ 
ten iron, it will rise to the surface just as wood 
does in water. Tills Is curious, inasmuch os 
irou, as it changes from tho molten to a Solid 
condition, is contracted; aud hence its specific 
gravity is greater in a solid than in a molten 
torn.” w. m 
A NEW GUNPOWDER, 
Tee explosion at Eritb hao led to the manu¬ 
facture of a new gunpowder, the discovery of 
Mr. L. H. G. Ehrhardt, a German. It consists 
of tannic exilic acid, or the resin of commerce, 
and chlorate or nitrate of potash. The uewgun- 
powder is stated to be of three times the explo¬ 
sive force of that now in use, aud onc-half 
cheaper. It leaves no residuum when exploded. 
It can also be kept in magazines with safety, by 
the resin and preparation of potash being kept 
separately, and mixed as wanted, both the arti¬ 
cles named being incombustible by themselves. 
If it beats the test of actual experiment a saving 
of one-third w ill be effected; and, tho combus¬ 
tion being entire, it will remove all objection to 
rifled fire-arms, such as the fouling of Entlohl 
rifles and Armstrong guns.—London Time*. 
** Be ’will be minted. Townsmen will want him. 
‘ as a’citizen ; acquaintances, as a neighbor; neigh- 
,bors, as a friend; families, as a visitor; the world, 
as an acquaintance; nay, girls will want him for 
1 a beau, and finally for a husband. 
An honest, Industrious boy.' Just think of it, 
boys, will you answer this description? Can 
you apply for this situation ? Are you sure that 
yon will be wanted? You may be smart and ac¬ 
tive, but that does not fill the requisition—are 
you houest You may be capable—are you in- 
i 7 itrious. 1 You may be well dressed and create 
a favorable impression at first sight—are you 
both honest aud industrious? You may apply 
for a good situation—are you sure that your 
friends, teachers, acquaintances can recommend 
you for these qualities ? Oh, how would you feel, 
your character not being thus established, on 
hearing tho words “I can’t employ you!” 
Nothing else w ill make up for the lack of these 
qualities. No readiness or aptness for business 
will do it. You must be honest and industrious 
—must work and labor; then will your calling 
and election for places of profit and trust be 
made sure. 
THOMAS WILDEY, P. G., 
FOUNDER OF ODD FELLOWSHIP IN AMERICA 
Herewith we give a portrait of the late 
Thomas Wildet, the founder of Odd Fellow¬ 
ship iu America, aud an illustr ition of the 
monument erected to his memory by members 
of the Order at Baltimore on September 20, ISO’S. 
Thousands of Rural readers will be interested 
in the following sketch of Mr. Wildky and his 
successful efforts in behalf of au Order to tho 
spread and prosperity of which much ol his life 
was devoted. It is from Harper’s Weekly; 
Thomas Wildet was bora iu Loudou ou the 
15th day of January, 1783, during the reign of 
George III., aud about the close of the Revolu¬ 
tionary war. At five years of age he was placed 
at school, where he hud but limited opportunity 
of education, aud from which he was withdrawn 
iu his fourteenth year to bo apprenticed to a 
trade, In which he continued until he reached 
his majority in the year IS0-4. no became an 
Odd Fellow at an early age, being Initiated into 
Lodge No. 17, of the city of London. 
He arrived at Baltimore September 2, 1S17. 
Ills efforts to build up the Order of Odd Fellows 
iu this country met with ill success at first; but 
April li>, 1S39, he succeeded iu gathering to¬ 
gether at bis own house a private mooting, aud 
ou the 20th of the same month the purpose was 
consummated by the institution of Washington 
Wur Cats Eat before Washing,—A cat 
[ caught a sparrow aud was about to devour it, 
but the sparrow said 41 No gentleman eats till 
he washes his face.” The cat, struck at this 
remark, set the sparrow down, and began to 
wash his lace with his paw, but the sparrow flew 
away. This vexed puss extremely, and hejsaid: 
44 As long as I live I will eat first and wash my 
face afterwards,” which all cats do evea to this 
day. 
A model miniature locomotive, made of gold 
■ml silver, with a ruby for a head-light, and 
osting four thousand dollars, is on exhibition 
t Taunton, Mass. Its wheels are driven by 
lock-work. 
Take care of a reconciled enemy and au un 
tried friend. 
EXONUMiNT ERECTED SEPTEMBER CO. 1SC5. IN llbNOK_10F THOMAS WILDET 
