complexion, with black and piercing eyes; of a 
beautiful rounded figure, aDd a sort of queenly 
majesty of deportment; active, daring, high- 
spirited and in every respect worthy of be¬ 
ing the companion for life of such a man as 
Garibaldi. 
Her courage was remarkable. A short time 
after their marriage, she went through an en¬ 
gagement at sea, with her husband, refusing to 
go ashore, and during the fight would stay no¬ 
where but on deck, where she wielded a carbine 
and cheered the men. In the heat of the battle 
she was standing on deck, flourishing a sabre, 
and inspiring the men to deeds of valor, when she 
was knocked down by the wind of a cannon ball 
that had killed two men standing at her Bide. 
Garibaldi was springing forward to her thinking 
that he would find her a corpse, when she rose 
to her feet, covered with the blood of the men 
who had fallen close to her, but quite unhurt. 
He begged her to go below and remain there till 
the action was over. “I will go below,” was 
her reply, “ but only to drive out the sneaking 
cowards who are skulking there;” for only a 
few seconds before she had seen three men leave 
the deck and hurry rapidly down the hatchway, 
so as to escape out of danger of the storm of 
bullets that was sweeping the deck. And going 
below, she immediately after re-appeared, driving 
before her the three men, overcome with shame 
that they should hare been surpassed in courage 
by a woman. She accompanied her husband in 
all his undertakings, and died wliile flying with 
him from the Austrians.— CetUJbmian. 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker 
HOW TO TEACH SPELLING, jfi: 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker, 
THE CALEDONIA TROUT PONDS. 
No person can be Baid to have a fair education 
until he is capable of spelling correctly the 
majority -of the words in his own language. 
But as a knowledge of orthography is by no 
means universal, and as it is really a very im¬ 
portant matter—as all will acknowledge—I have 
thought that perhaps you would publish the 
following plan of instruction, which I have 
pursued with considerable success: 
For a class of 6mall children 1 assign but a 
few words for each lesson, requiring each pupil 
to commit them so perfectly to memory that, if 
[ desire it, he can spell them all in their order 
without having them pronounced. This method 
not only secures a perfect lesson, but is a kind 
of initiatory exercise, preparing the pupils to 
commit their lessons easily when they become 
more advanced. 
All teachers, no doubt, are aware that their 
pupils often “miss” a word merely because the 
teacher pronounces it so differently from the 
way in which they did while studying. The 
only method, that I am acquainted with, of 
obviating this difficulty, is to have the class 
read the lesson ulond before spelling It. I 
think it well at the close of one spelling exer¬ 
cise to have the next in order read; the scholar 
in that, way entirely avoids the mispronunciation. 
As children, almost without exception, enjoy 
marking with slate and pencil, by encouraging 
them to print or write their lesson we are fur¬ 
nishing them amusement and instruction at one 
and the same time. They wiil devote more 
time to the lesson without becoming weary 
than by the usual method ol study, and have a 
better knowledge of the arrangement of the 
letters and division of syllables. I would also 
advise every teacher to have the older members 
of his school, all who can write legibly, pro¬ 
vided with a blank hook, the size of a copy 
book, with each page ruled twice*, forming three 
blank columns. Then as the words are pro¬ 
nounced, let each pupil write them in the first 
and last column ol' his book. The hooks may 
afterwards be given to the teacher for correc¬ 
tion, and all errors having been indicated by 
him, the student should make the correction in 
the middle column ot his page. 
I think any teacher who will conduct a spell¬ 
ing exercise according to this method two or 
three times a week for a term, will he con¬ 
vinced of the advantage which it has over jnerely 
oral spelling. Sufficient practice in this way 
while young will spare the pupil much mortifica¬ 
tion in later years. E. M. c. 
Public attention has been to a limited extent 
directed to the efforts of several gentlemen in 
this section of Western New York for the artifi¬ 
cial breeding of Brook or Speckled Trout, the 
most beautiful and delicious of all the fresh 
water fish known iu American waters. The 
most extensive of these efforts have been made 
by 8. II. Ainsworth, Esq., of West Bloomfield; 
Mr. Grover, of Wayland, and Mr. Seth Green, 
now of Mumfurd — the latter of whom has long 
been known, with both rod and gun, as one of 
the most expert and successful sportsmen in 
the State. Considering the difficulties in the 
way—the chief of which is an insufficient supply 
of water,—the two first named gentlemen have 
been quite successful, and have demonstrated 
the feasibility of stocking fish pondB and raising 
large numbers where there is only a moderate, 
supply of water from springs. Mr. Ainsworth 
fills his pond from several small springs, the 
water from which is conducted under ground to 
a common head, from wheuce it flows into the 
poDd. The supply, however, especially in sea- 
sous of drouth, is Inadequate to the purpose; 
but Mr. A. has persevered in bis enterprise, and 
takes great satisfaction in prosecuting it, even 
under some serious discouragements. Mr. Gro¬ 
ver’s ponds at Wayland, are somewhat better 
supplied, and with a moderate expenditure addi¬ 
tional feeders could be secured. 
But the most promising enterprise of this 
nature 5s that of Mr. Green. His ponds are 
about midway between the villages of Mnmford 
and Caledonia, on the stream known as “Spring 
Creek”—and it is rightly named. The springs 
are within a lew rods of the village of Caledo¬ 
nia, and are of themselves a natural curiosity 
well worth visiting. Within a distance of a few 
rods the waters from these springs combine and 
form a stream large enough to supply several 
mills and float small boats. It runs about a mile 
and a half and empties into Allen’s Creek at 
Mr. Green has located at the old 
A society of French antiquarians are striving 
to prove that Joan of Arc was not burned at all, 
hut was married, had children, and died quietly 
at Metz. They contend that she came to Metz 
in 1486, where she was recognized by her two 
brothers though they thought she had been, 
burned long ago. By-and-by sbo marries Mons. 
des Amoises, chevalier; and some one has been 
lucky enough to find the very marriage corn- 
tract dated in i486. 
We have had occasion to remark more than 
once in these columns, that the prevalent fault 
with our school-houses, and especially with 
those in the rural districts, is, that they seem to 
be built with the sole idea of affording shelter, 
no attention, or at least not sufficient attention 
being paid, iu their construction, to health and 
comfort. The usual difference between school- 
houses which propose to accommodate a large, 
and those which are built for a small number ot 
scholars, consists only in the number of the 
rooms, not in their size, or in the more or less 
care taken to secure the necessary degree of 
heat and proper ventilation. Most of our read¬ 
ers will remember the old-fashioned school- 
house, now happily going out of date, whose 
ceiling was so low that the boys used to meas¬ 
ure their skill in jumping by leaping up and 
touching it with their hands; whose window- 
sash had no fastenings, but when raised, had to 
be propped upon rulers; whose seats were 
crowded close to the stove, where some schol¬ 
ars roasted, while others, on the outer circle, 
were freezing,— all ot whose appointments, in 
line, were just the mosa uncomfortable and 
unhealthy that could be A-vised. 
But we <lo not vrupoj^^M tSflE at length upon 
this subject. We sub^l^^’ewith an excellent 
plan for a small sehooi-hW’se, in whose favor, 
be it remarked, none ot the features above de¬ 
scribed, find a place. The illustrations repre¬ 
sent the elevation and the grouud plan ot 
extent, making a circumference of ninety-six 
feet. The building is lighted by four windows 
ia the body of the house, and by the cupola, 
which is inclosed by a six-lighted sash on each 
of its sides. Thus it wiil be seen that the prin¬ 
cipal light comes from the cupola, which is 
thereby thrown directly upon the book and not 
upon the eye. The height of the walls from 
water-table to plates is sixteen feet; height of 
cupola above roof seven feet; diameter of 
cupola, eight feet. For convenience and thor¬ 
oughness of ventilation, two of the sash in the 
cupola are hung with weights, and so arranged 
as to he under the control of the teacher, and 
the windows in the body of the house are fitted 
with sliding sasb. 
There is a woman in Charleston, N. H., who 
has a collection of tame toads in her yard. They 
know their mistress, follow her about, and hop 
into her lap to be fed, and are tenderly cared for. 
We once knew a little angel, who soon after 
went home, whose delight it was while here to 
fill her apron with toads, making them her pets, 
as everything living was, as if to show that in 
the eyes of innocence nothing that God had made 
could be vile. 
Mnmford 
homestead of the late Donald McKenzie, be¬ 
tween the two villages, where he has constructed 
some half dozen ponds which are supplied from 
the main stream through small feeders walled 
up. At the head of the main feeder a wheel is 
placed, which is in constant motion, and so 
nicely adjusted that the smallest fish cannot 
escape into the creek, which they are con¬ 
stantly trying to do, as if conscious that the 
comparatively close quarters in which they arc 
confined is some contrivance not suited to their 
natural condition. 
Mr. Green has devoted much time in study¬ 
ing and learning from others the best methods 
of fish-culture. And the information he is able 
to impart on the subject is Indispensable to 
those who contemplate following his example 
even on a small scale. The construction of the 
ponds and hatching troughs are simple matters, 
but Mr. Green’s experience enables him to 
make suggestions of great value. We might go 
into details here, but propose to give them iu a 
future article, with 6uitablo illustrations and 
descriptions from Mr. Green. 
We are glad to hear that Mr. Green has been 
very successful in his enterprise the present 
season, having In process of hatching several 
millions of trout. Tbe temperature of the 
water ol Spring Greek is highly favorable for 
raising healthy fish. If spawn are put into 
water that is too warm the fish are likely to be 
puny; if too cold, they arc longer In hatching, 
and of course the chances of being covered with 
sediment or carried off by freshets are increased. 
Mr. Green considers 15° about the right tem¬ 
perature. The curious in such matters may he 
interested to know that there is no difficulty In 
keeping alive these millions of young trout. 
Their food, until they attain a little size, is pro¬ 
vided for them before they are hatched. The 
egg from which the fish emerges, becomes a 
sac, from or upon which it feuds, and when this 
sac becomes detached the lish is ready to shift 
for itself; and in Spring Creek there are enough 
“living creatures” in the water to fatten mil¬ 
lions of fish. After examining a single stone 
picked out of the water, and seeing the vast 
numbers of 11 creeping things ” which cover it, 
we cease to wonder that it takes the neatest 
imitation of a fly to tempt the well-fed trout of 
Caledonia. 
Mr. Green’s ponds are within half a mile of 
the depot ot the New York Central, and three- 
quarters of a mile from the Erie Railroad. He 
has several millions of spawn for sale (at ten 
dollars per thousand) after the process of hatch 
Ing has so far progressed that the tiny trout can 
be seen. This is from twenty to thirty days 
after the spawn have been deposited. It is 
probably time now to move spawn to other 
localities. The young fish are supplied from 
the first of March to July. 
We might easily demonstrate that, with a 
favorable place for raising trout, it would be 
a money-making operation. But as compara¬ 
tively tew will engage in fish-breeding as a 
profession, for the present it Is only suggested 
that the re-stocking of our ponds and streams 
with trout or some other lish- trout always 
having the preference where the water and 
other circumstances are favorable—is a subject 
which will yet largely engage attention in this 
country as it does now in France. Where a 
single family does not need a pond, or cannot 
afford the expense, a neighborhood or club may 
without scarcely feeling it, provide them¬ 
selves with a substantial, cheap luxury, and a 
means of pleasant recreation at a very small 
part ot the cost of trips to Cauada and Pennsyl¬ 
vania. As already suggested, we propose giviii”- 
in a future number of the Rural New-Yorkri? 
an illustrated and descriptive article on the 
subject ot Trout Breeding, as practiced by 
Mr, Green and others in Western New York 
which will impart valuable Information to all 
interested, g ,, . 
A PUBLIC BENEFIT-PASS IT AROUND 
For the Children. — Type cannot be nsed 
to better advantage than in recommending The 
Little Corporal, the best Child's Paper in Amer¬ 
ica. It conquers all hearts at once. 
It costs but one dollar a year; sample copy 
ten cents. It is pauussca at caiLagu, m_„ by 
Alfred L. Sewell. It is a success. 
The pronunciation of the words at the head 
of tUie article as if spelled ni-ther and i-ther, 
which la not infrequently beard from divines and 
other cultivated men, is not sanctioned either 
by analogy or good use, and is only to bo ac¬ 
counted for on the supposition that, by some, 
doubtful use in England is considered better 
authority than good use in America. Out of 
seventeen lexicographers, only two, and they of 
little account (J. Johnson and Coote,) expressly 
authorize the corrupt pronunciation, and the 
analogy of the language is utterly opposed to 
it, there being only one word of similar orthog¬ 
raphy, “Height,” whose accepted pronuncia¬ 
tion coincides with it. 
To show how entirely analogy fails to sustain 
the corrupt pronouneiation, the following para¬ 
graph has been framed, in which is introduced 
all the different connections in which the letters 
e and i are met with, except as in the word 
“height,” given above. 
l'« ing disposed to walk, I wouid feign have 
visited my neighbor, hut on approaching his 
seignonj I was alarmed by the neighing of his 
horse, and on lifting my veil was terrified to 
find the animal within eighty yards of me, ap¬ 
proaching at a speed that seemed freighted with 
the direst consequences. I was in a xtreight — 
caught in a seine. My blood stood still in my reins 
as I conceived my lifeln dauger. Turning my head 
I was pleased to see an Arabian Sheikh near by, 
aud doiug him obeisance, I begged that he would 
drlgn to come to roy rescue. I was not deceived 
in my hopes. By a skillful feint he succeeded iu 
seizing the reins attached to the fiery steed, and 
as he was a man of weight, he checked him In 
his impetuous career, and my lite was saved. 
For the lavor thus received may he live in a ceiled 
dwelling. 
Every one of the words iu the above para¬ 
graph printed in italic might as well have its e i 
sounded as i in mine, as neither or either 
Where the authorities preponderate so great \ 
against any particular pronunciation, there 
certainly no reasonable excuse for its adop 
tion.— Exchange. 
3 LACK BOARD 
ENTRANCE 
For Moore's Rural New-Yorker. 
ILLUSTRATED REBUS. 
GROUND PLAN. 
It will be seen by the ground plan that the 
seats are so arranged as to lace the center and 
the black-board. The house will accommodate 
from forty to sixty scholars, with an area of six¬ 
teen by seventeen feet, lusido the seats, for 
stove and recitation-seats, and room for placing 
a class of twenty or twenty-five in front of the 
black-board. 
An examination of the ground plan and 
elevation will render farther description un¬ 
necessary. 
each case would be different. Yet in all Chris¬ 
tian countries the primary idea of a mother is 
one that instinctively associates itself with love 
aud tenderness and sympathy. However impor¬ 
tant the father may make himself, there are 
matters which he cannot assist us in. We may 
consult him on the affairs of life and the world, 
but it is to the mother that we go for advice, 
sympathy and consolation in the affairs of the 
heart and the sensibilities. It is on her bosom 
that we pillow the weary head, into her ear that 
we pour the tale of our soul’s woe, from her lips 
that we hear the sweet spoken words of comfort 
and consolation.—A:? the Year Hound. 
PATERNITY OF SCOTLAND 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA. 
The Scotch father is sternly patriarchal. The 
wife is iu a great measure subordinate to him 
even in domestic matters. In England and Ire¬ 
land, and indeed iu most other Christian coun¬ 
tries, the children take their religion and their 
piety from their mothers; iu Scotland they take 
them from their lathers. This is chiefly to be 
observed among the middle and lower classes. 
You will find many Scotch households in the 
rural district, where the father is a sort of 
poter'. ' . i :— house. He has the best room, 
.! • I'c.-it ud fork, the silver spoon. The 
i ,i' -fui l uxuries are reserved for him. 
ili: v. ‘peaks ot him with awe and reverence, 
and calls 1 im * Master,” even to her own rela- 
ee v ' t majestic father expresses his 
vU-.v-, i- iuum, never daring to put in 
a word. beg ven to religion he will have 
wuy i’ .1 ; it ho be given to whisky toddy, 
he will ini 1 - w.i) in that also. He will de- 
cim • u a. i predestination, and equally 
J. hi. , how many tumblers are 
good for h u ■ ft. i dir. aer. Education, I fancy, 
is at tl o u ' ;p Scotch singularity. The 
met; j i b d than the women. In¬ 
tel' - ’hey ".re i ot companions for each 
ott n- i ot } state of things is that 
the o n “ t to " the father rather than 
to the .other, i ou will rarely see a Scotch 
boy not ; h jj, common to sec 
him i.esMng hi. tat! I believe that, if a 
Seote ter and e t , ere to come out from 
their . ■ to s k tl'. r ■ tune elsewhere, and 
one wi ’ > turn o : rig it and the other to 
the let ehildre ; mid in most eases, fol¬ 
low the at her. In I hind aud Frauce, I be¬ 
lieve th would folic the mother. In Eng¬ 
land, pr ibly son li otild follow the father 
and som mother. But the influence in 
I am composed of 20 letters. 
My 10,12. 18 ,13 ,17 was the name of a great criminal, 
My 10. 3, 20 is a color. 
My 1, I t. 5, It), 20,12,11,15 is a boy s name. 
My 2, 15, 9 is a useful fowl. 
My 18,9,1,19, 6 is a vegetable. 
My 4, s, 13,17, 3, li we should always reverence. 
My whole is now making quite a stir in the world. 
New York City. Bernard B. 
sap- Answer in two weeks. 
GARIBALDI’S WIFE 
The story of Garibaldi’s wooing is this : — He 
was one day sitting in the cabin of a sloop on 
the lake of Santa Catharina, and looking toward 
the shore, when suddenly he saw, at a farm-house 
situated ou a neighboring hill, three or four girls 
busily engaged in domestic duties. They were 
all remarkable for beauty, but one in particular 
arrested his attention for her uncommon grace 
aud loveliness. He was still watching them 
when he received an order to go ou shore. Im¬ 
mediately on lauding he directed his steps to the 
house. He was admitted by the owner, whom 
he happened to know slightly, having met him 
once before. 
The impulse which had prompted him to go 
to the house was to address the girl he had so 
admired. Ou seeing her, he immediately be¬ 
sought her to become his wife. The girl, it 
seems, conceived an affection as warm and sud¬ 
den as he had felt for her; and after the lapse of 
a few short days, they were man and wife. The 
surname of this lovely Brazilian girl of the pro¬ 
vince of Santa Catharina, who became, under 
such peculiarly romantic circumstances, the 
wife of Garibaldi, has never been revealed. In 
all the biographies of our hero she is alone men¬ 
tioned by her Christian name of Amita. She 
seems to have been a brunette of a rich, warm 
For Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
AN ANAGRAM. 
I louwd ont atys frevero erhe, 
Ni sthi dsa lorwd fo nice dan ipan, 
I ouwld ton heav die ginelr no, 
Ro vegi ym sthoguth ot re&th nagia. 
I onlg ot socle ym feartul esye, 
Cleerin ym yearn, hincag ahed 
Oupu het hncoc wereh Lai si capee, 
Dna stre gonam eht lyear dade. 
Jackson, Mich. Lizzie & Hattie, 
Answer in two weeks. 
Important Hints to Parents.— Few parents 
realise how much their children may be taught 
at home, by devoting a few minutes to their 
instruction every day. Let a parent make the 
experiment with his son ol ten years old, for a 
single week, and only during the hours which 
are not spent iu school. Let him make a com¬ 
panion of his child, converse with him famil¬ 
iarly, put to him questions, answer inquiries, 
communicate facts, the result of his reading 
or observation, awaken his curiosity, explain 
difficulties, the meaning of things, and all this 
in au easy playful manner, without seeming to 
impose a task, and ho himself will be aston¬ 
ished at the progress which will be made. 
ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS. Ac., IN No. 828, 
Answer to Illustrated RebusA companion for an 
evening and a companion for life require very differ¬ 
ent qualifications. 
Answer to Miscelhvnous Enigma:—Major General 
l’nilip Sheridan. 
Answer to Anagram: 
Open tbe casement, and up with the sun! 
His gallant journey ia just begun; 
Over the bills his chariot Is roll’d, 
Banner'd with glory and burnished with gold, 
Over the hills he comes sublime. 
Bridegroom, of earth, and brother of time. 
Answer to Charade:—Tub. 
The Boslou Public Library numbers 116,034 
volumes, and 81,SQQ pamphlets. Its accessions 
last year were 6,2.26 books, 2,680 pamphlets, 367 
maps aud charts, 887 separate papers, 20 engrav¬ 
ings, and a lithographic stone containing designs 
relating to the life of Franklin. 
