Agriculture 
I'WO DOLLARS YY YEAR.] 
l^ItOORKSS AJNTO IMPROVliMENl 
ISnSTOIL-K NO. FOUR DENI'S 
ROCHESTER, N.Y.-F0R THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1862. 
{■WHOLE NO. 625. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
— Before closing this brief prefatory article, wo 
would gratefully acknowledge the many kind and 
substantial manifestations of approval and support 
the Rural is daily receiving. Though the War for 
the Union injuriously affects some branches of busi¬ 
ness and sections of country, and also circumscribes 
our field of operations, the receipts and assurances 
indicate an aggregate increase rather than diminu¬ 
tion of our large circulation. Kor the very cheering 
prospects under which we enter upon the labors of 
the new year, we are indebted to the efforts of active 
and influential friends throughout the l oyal States 
and Canada, wl o seem determined that the Rukal’h 
circulation and usefulness shall he fully maintained- 
Their numerous remittances, articles for publication, 
and cordial expressions of interest in our enterprise, 
are most encouraging and gratifying at such a period 
in our country’s history us the present—especially 
when the Newspaper Proas is seriously affected by 
the times—and therefore? profoundly appreciated. 
If other friends of the paper and its objects (new us 
well as continued subscribers, both near and distant,) 
will kindly lend their aid and influence, so far as may 
ho consistent, in the same behalf,— by obtaining and 
forwarding the suscriptions of their townsmen, and 
communicating the results of their observation and 
experience for publication,—the Thirteenth Volume 
of the Rural New-Yorker will surpass any former 
one in Value, Circulation, arid Influence. Friendly 
Reader, what is your response to this suggestion? 
sufficient to grow the necessaries for home use. 
Every year added a few more acres to the cleared 
land and to the family comforts, and soon there was 
grown a surplus for sale. After live or six years of 
industrious labor and privation, plenty smiles upon 
the honest laborer in the wilderness, and he finds 
himself possessor of a good farm, every year becom¬ 
ing more valuable. But things have changed in 
this section of the country. Now land is worth 
from $50 to $100 per acre, and a good hundred-acre 
farm, at a medium price, would cost. $7,500 — the 
simple interest on which would Do over $500. Such 
a farm, to be made profitable, must, lie well slocked, 
and furnished with the best labor-saving imple¬ 
ments, which would require several hundred dollars 
more, all of which mast be paid down, or the interest 
provided (or every year. To meet, this interest, and 
pay for labor and other farm and family expenses, it 
would be necessary to grow ala nit, five hundred 
bushels of wheat and a thousand bushels of corn, or 
their equivalent. The pioneer-farmer had to furnish 
no manure, but could draw upon iho fertility of the 
soil for a few years. He who pursues that course 
now with most of our farms, will (ind that, he has 
made a sad mistake, and killed tin* bird that laid 
the golden eggs. Thus it will be seen that buying a 
farm now is a very different affair from doing the 
same thing twenty or thirty years ago. That a 
person who buys a farm mainly or entirely on 
credit cannot, succeed, we will not say: hut we 
do aver that great experience, ability, economy, 
and industry are essential to success. A question 
similar to the above was asked by a young man of 
Orleans county, at one of the Farmer’s Meetings, 
held during the State Fair at Water!own, and John 
J. Thomas mentioned several instances in Cayuga 
county, where young men had bought farms on 
credit, and in a few years had not only cleared off 
all the indebtedness, but made valuable and costly 
improvements in drainage, Ac., that had nearly 
doubled the original value of ifi .• Knd. If, is such 
information as this that we wish farmers to five 
O 
through the columns of the Rural. 
In the Prairie country of the West, land can he 
obtained at low rates, and there young men, with 
little means, may secure for them selves comfortable 
homes. Still, commencing life in the prairies is a 
little different from taking a stand iu the woods, for 
in the former ease lumber is dear and must be pur¬ 
chased for buildings, fencing, Ac., and the breaking 
up requires money. A prairie farm is brought 
under cultivation much sooner than a wooded one, 
hut more moans are necessary at the commence¬ 
ment. More than once have we seen the prairie 
farmer straightened, suffering, and disconsolate, on 
account of the lack of means—his fields unfenecd. 
and the crops subject to the ravages of cattle when 
growing, and when gathered exposed to the rains 
and storms. We know of no more painful position 
than that of a farmer laboring under embarrass¬ 
ments wijich make it necessary to sell every thing 
from the farm as fast as produced, and to pursue a 
system of culture, in the hope of temporary gain, 
that lie tecls must work sure and permanent injury 
to the soil. 
The number of acres that can be cultivated with 
profit by a fanner, depends upou circumstances 
entirely. We know not why a former may not, 
superintend a farm of a thousand acres, not only 
profitably, but with proper assistants and laborers, 
and by the aid of the best Implements and 
machinery, and a wise division of labor, even more 
economically than one of a hundred. To do this, 
however, be must he a man of business capacity, 
and while he retains the general supervision, obtain 
the best of helpers, always being careful to put the 
right man in the right place. Many of our mer¬ 
chants superintend business every year involving 
millions of dollars; and some of the nurserymen 
near this city cultivate five or six hundred acres, 
giving to every rod dean garden culture, employing 
several hutidred men in the work. We are not 
willing to suy that farmers lack capacity for a large 
and successful business. Tho difficulty is, not that 
we cultivate too much land, its is often said, but we 
put upon our land too little labor. A farmer with 
a hired man, or perhaps a boy or two, and a single 
team, underlakes to cultivate i hundred or a hun¬ 
dred and fifty acres, and the labor given the whole 
might be better devoted to forty or fifty acres, and 
with much bettor results. 11c should either employ 
more labor or cultivate less land. 
To uiako a farm of filly acres profitable, every 
part must he made to produce. There is little 
TIIK 1.KAIJ1NG AMHIUOA.N WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
CTIAS. D. BEAGDOW, Western Corresponding Editor. 
Tmt Rural Nkw-Yorkkr is designed to lx- nnenrjuissed in 
Value, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and uuiYiue 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes bis per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render Lho Rural an eminently Reliable 
Guide on all tun important Practical, Scientific and ottici 
Subjects intimately connected with the business of those whose 
interests it zealously advocate;. As a Family Journal it is 
eminently Instructive and Koteitainimr — he in:: bo conducted 
that it ran he safely taken to the'Hearts and Homes of people of 
intelligence, taste and discrimination it embraces more Agri¬ 
cultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary am! 
News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful 
Engravings, than any other journal,—rendering it the most 
complete Agricultural, I.itkuary anii Family Newspaper 
in America. 
For Terms amt other particulars, see last page. 
In entering upon its Thirteenth Year iiud Volume, 
the Rural New-Yorker extends u cordial greet¬ 
ing to the myriads who have for years been its 
ardent friends and supporters, and a right hearty 
welcome to the host, of new reemits now joining its 
Brigade. Our Salutation must be brief however — 
a mere greeting and welcome—for we have work 
to do this week, and next, and during ns many more 
as we are permitted to labor in a field which has its 
thorns as well fi-s flu worn To those who have rend 
the Rural for months and years, and hence know 
its character and objects, we have little to say iu 
this connection. They need not'be told of its pur¬ 
poses, or how sedulously we have labored for their 
accomplishment. Indeed, all who arc conversant 
with tho past course of this journal are so familiar 
with the principles and aims of its management, that 
any recapitulation or. pledges seem unnecessary, 
though custom renders thorn in order on such an 
occasion as the present The Rural therefore sim¬ 
ply greets its former anil continued friends in a 
sincere but unostentatious manner — expressing 
gratification for their appreciation of its course, and 
acknowledging the generosity with which many of 
them arc nobly seconding its efforts to promote 
Menial, Moral, and Material “Progress and Im¬ 
provement.” Were our aspirations of avail, every 
co-worker iu a chuse so important to the welfare of 
individuals, families, and communities, would enjoy 
many such a “Happy New Year” as we now wish 
them, and long be blessed “ in basket and in store " — 
having happy homes and a long succession of pros¬ 
perous seasons. To aid them in the acquisition and 
continuous possession of objects so desirable, will, 
in the future as in the past, be the constant and 
earnest endeavor of this journal. 
But the Rural now greets several thousand 
readers for the first time, at least as subscribers, 
and upon these would fain make a favorable im¬ 
pression. For this, however, it would neither put on 
airs, nor disguise its sentiments or objects; and being 
in its “ teens,” (quite mature and experienced for a 
newspaper,) it ought certainly to possess sufficient 
stamina and fearlessness to express its honest opin¬ 
ions and convictions on all proper occasions, even 
iu the presence of new acquaintances. The great 
aim of this journal has ever been to combine, in one 
sheet, several subjects and department, and thus 
render its pages interesting and instructive to all — 
entertaining and beneficial to the wives, sons, and 
daughters, as well as to the heads of the families 
visited. As we have said on a similar occasion, and 
perhaps repealed, “Our object from (he commence¬ 
ment of the Rural New-Yorker has not been to 
furnish either an Agricultural, Horticultural, Scien¬ 
tific, Mechanical, Educational, Literary, or News 
journal,— bat rather to combine all these, and thus 
present a paper unequalcd in Value, Variety, and 
Usefulness of Contents. Our earnest desire has 
ever been to make it an honest, independent, relia¬ 
ble, and eminently useful Rural, Literary, and 
Family Newspaper — correct in its teachings on 
Practical Subjects, instructive and entertaining to 
members of the Family Circle, of high moral tone, 
and entirely free from deception and quackery, even 
in Its advertising department,” Such was, is, and 
will continue to be our “platform”—brief; explicit, 
and comprehensive. The Ruiia l docs not expect to 
please everybody, bat it will always be found on 
the side of Right, and we arc resolved that its 
influence for good shall continue to be felt through¬ 
out the country. That it still aims to excel in all 
CAW YOUNG FASMERS SUCCEED? 
Tue accompanying elevation and plains were pre¬ 
pared by A. J. Warner, Eeq., Architect, of this city, 
expressly for this journal, and will he found well 
worthy the attention of those who wish to build a 
good yet economical house, of moderate size. These 
are no fancy sketches, us two houses have already 
been built in this city from the plans. The exte¬ 
rior is chaste in appearance, and while not crowded 
with ornaments, the too common error of piodern 
times, contains all that good taste will justify. 
These plans, it is believed, possess much merit, and 
arc well worthy the attention uf those who may 
design to build, as furnishing a good deal of accom¬ 
modation at the least possible cost The rooms arc 
conveniently arranged, and of sufficient size for an 
ordinary family. The building can be constructed 
of either wood or brick, though the design is drawn 
for a brick house. 
from front hall. The estimated cost of the building, 
exclusive of mantles and furnace, is $3,700. 
chamber floor. 
Although the above plans contain accommoda¬ 
tions sufficient for, almost any family, yet some of 
our readers may wish to build on a larger scale, and 
for such the architect has prepared ti plan with one 
additional room, and this plan, with a few altera¬ 
tions, can be adapted to the same elevation. The 
piazza on the addition, it will he observed, has been 
changed to the other side, and the entrance hall 
extends the entire length of the main part, to give 
an entrance from same to dining room. The follow¬ 
ing is a brief description of the arrangement: 
GROUND PLAN. 
In the Ground Plan, A is the enhance hall, 8 by 
Hit feet, with doors opening into the parlor, library, 
and dining room, with open stair case, and china 
closet under, connecting with dining room. B, 
dining room, 14 by 22 feet, with doors opening into 
hull, parlor, nursery and kitchen. C, library, 12 by 
14 foot, and can he entered from hall or nursery, 
i), nursery, 14 by 15 feet, which nmy be entered 
from dining room, library, and from kitchen, through 
bath room. Cotmected with nursery is bath-room, 
G, 6 by 8 feet, and closet, H, 3 by G foot E, parlor, 
15 by 18 feet, entered from hall or dining room. 
F, kitchen, 14 by 1G feet, with back stairs to cham¬ 
bers above; also, a flight under same to cellar, 
which is under the entire building. Connected with 
the kitchen is a largo pantry, I, and store-room, J, 
each 5 by 6 feet. The outside entrances to dining 
room and kitchen are under the piazza. In addi- 
thero Can be an outside door at the rear of kitchen. 
K, Iv, piazzas. 
In the Chamber Plan will be found seven bed 
rooms of good size, four of them in the main part 
and three of them in the addition, with closet to 
each. All the bed rooms can he entered from the 
hall, which extends the entire length of the build¬ 
ing. A flight of stairs from the hall gives access to 
garret or attic, with a closet under same, opening 
A, parlor, 15 by 18 feet, connected with sitting 
room, with sliding or folding doors. B, ratting room, 
14 by 17 feet, exclusive of bay window, which is 4 by 
10 feet, C, nursery, 14 by 14 feet, I), library, 12 by 
14 feet E, entrance hall, 8i feet wide, with open 
stair case, and a closet under, connected with nur- 
