TWO DOLLARS A. YEAR.] 
“PROGRESS A1STO IMPROVEMENT." 
fSINTGELK YO. FOUR CENTS. 
VOL. XIII. NO. 3.' 
ROCHESTER, N.Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, JANUARY 18, 1862. 
WHOLE NO. 627. 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
TUB LEADING AMERICAN WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOOEE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
CHAS. D. BRAG DON, Western Corresponding Editor. 
Tite Rural New- Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value, Purity, Usefulness nnd Variety of Contents, and unique 
and "beautiful in Appearance, Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its vurious departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the UltraL an eminently Reliable 
Guide on all the important Practical, Scientific and other 
Subjects intimately connected with the business ofthose » hose 
interests it zealously advocates. A« a Family Journal it is 
eminently Instructive and Entertaining—being so conducted 
that it can be safety taken to the Hearts add Homes of people of 
intelligence, taste and discrimination It embraces more Agri¬ 
cultural, Horticultural, Scientific, 1‘Uucatioual, literary and 
News Ataller, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful 
Engravings, than any other journal,—rendering it the most 
complete Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper 
in America. 
For Terms and other particulars, see last page. 
JUST BIGHT FOR FARMERS. 
Coolness aud Sclf-posscs,-non under unmerited 
reproaches and injuries are characteristic of the man 
of sense and the tarn® gentleman. lie who becomes 
excited and ungovernable, under real or imagined 
insults, exhibits a conscious weakness and loses the 
respect in the same ratio as he excites the pity or 
contempt of the beholder. Solomon says, “ he who 
rules his own spirit is greater than he who takes a 
city.’’ According to this rule of (he Aviso man, far¬ 
mers, as a general rule, must be very great men, for 
they seem to have entire control of their feelings 
and bear insults with a coolness that is perfectly 
refreshing. They even go further than this, and cast 
reproach upon themselves and their profession. 
Almost every time we attend a meeting of farmers 
for the discussion of Agricultural questions, or of 
fruitgrowers, to decide upon the best fruits lor the 
orchard and the market, and the most profitable 
modes of culture, wo feel indignant at (he contempt 
evinced of the ability and enterprise of farmers, 
and sometimes take occasion to give expression to 
our feelings in a few earnest words. If a system of 
culture is recommended requiring cure and thought, 
and a little skill, some one, a:ul perhaps a dozen are 
on their feet, ready to declare that such a plan may 
be well enough for the amateur, the fancy farmer, 
the man tvho makes farming a pleasure instead of a 
business, but no practical farmer will give the mat¬ 
ter the necessary attention. 1 le must pursue the old 
sale and sure way, and not trouble his head with a 
matter in which he would be most likely to fail. It 
was so with draining and deep "plowing, and Avith 
every other valuable agricultural improvement. It 
is only after years have passed, and these things 
worked themselves slowly into favor, and farmers 
can copy mechanically Avhat others have done, with¬ 
out the least exercise ot bruins, that it is admitted 
generally that they are competent to the work. 
This is certainly excessive modesty. 
We once heard a practical farmer urge upon his 
brethren, at a farmer’s club, the important'!* oJ keep¬ 
ing farm accounts — au account with every crop, 
cost of seed, labor, &c., in producing it, so as to as¬ 
certain the comparative profit of different crops; and 
the same with the dairy, fattening animals, and 
every department of the farm,— Avbeu several gen¬ 
tlemen expressed the opinion that not one lartner in 
a thousand was able to keep such accounts, and that 
nineteen out of every twenty who attempted it 
Avould fail and abandon the undertaking in a month. 
Is there another profession in the world Avtiose mem¬ 
bers Avould sit quietly under such an imputation? 
An hour ago avc left a very interesting meeting of 
the Fruit Growers of Western New York, and here 
the same feeling of contempt of farmers of Avhicb 
we complain avos evinced. If a tree is as hardy as 
an oak, and as tenacious of life as a Canada thistle, 
although the fruit is inferior, it is just right for far¬ 
mers, who it is assumed are cureless and negligent, 
and will not give their trees decent care. Another 
variety is far superior, excellent in quality, pro¬ 
ductive and. very profitable, if the trees are properly 
cultivated, just the kind for the amateur or the 
intelligent fruit-grower, but win not do for the 
farmer. 
To all this, to everything that assumes the far¬ 
mers of the country to be deficient in intelligence 
or enterprise, or blind to their own best interests, 
we enter our earnest protest. Sumo there may be 
too ignorant or indolent to cultivate anything but 
the commonest and hardiest trees and plants, but 
these should not give character to the farmers of the 
land. The farmer, like others, labors for pay, and 
the object 1o be sought is not to got along with as 
little labor aud care as possible, but to make all la¬ 
bor productive and profitable. If labor to the value 
ot $100 is expended on an acre of laud and it is 
made to produce $200, it is far better than to put the 
same amount ot labor on three acres, with a product 
of only $150. And yet one would judge, from a 
good deal of our agricultural writing and talking, 
that the object arid aim, the alpha and omega of all 
effort, is to devise ways to get along Avitli as little 
labor as possible. 
The growing of strawberries ('or market is quite a 
business with many farmers in Western NeAV York, 
especially near our large cities and villages. Some 
years ago. in a public meeting of those interested in 
the subject, avo recommended a method of culture 
Avhich involved a good deal of labor, yet we thought 
the quantity and quality of the fruit would make it 
profitable. The plan was objected to very strongly 
by several as unsuited to field culture, though well 
enough for the garden. Farmers, it avus urged, 
could not be expected to give their plantations the 
necessary time and care, and where land was plenty 
it avos unnecessary. The plan, however, which avus 
thought loo troublesome for fanners Avith an acre or 
tAvo, has been adopted by the great fruit-larmer— 
the Rev. J. Knox, of Pittsburg—who has fifty acres 
in strawberries, and his fruit is so lino that it is 
eagerly sought, and sells at very high prices in 
Cincinnati, Chicago. Philadelphia, New York, and 
other leading cities of the Union. He is uot able 
to supply one-half the demand—dealers in New 
York City offering to take his whole crop; and 
Avhile lie expends annually $200 in the culture of 
each aero, the profit, if avc cypher correctly Irom 
figures given us by Mr. K., is often $1,000 per acre. 
So much for a judicious investment of labor and 
capital. The best method of culture is always the 
right one. and it will be found good economy to gave 
as much labor U> every acre as can be done with 
profit Farmers often lose the on tire labor bestowed 
on a crop, when an extra day's work or so would 
have saved the whole. The planting is labor lost 
unless it is followed by good culture. We have 
often seen a crop of coni about mined in a dry 
spell, when a few days with the cultivator would 
have kept all right until the desired showers watered 
the parched earth. IIoav often we fail because we 
come only a little short of doing our whole duty. 
It is always best to be on the safe side, and do a 
little more rather than a little less than necessary. 
-» ■ ■ ♦ i •- 
PRESENT DUTIES. 
Although winter is a season of leisure to farmers, 
it possesses its own particular duties and labors. 
To keep up with the demands upon time and atten¬ 
tion which Spring inevitably brings the farmer, he 
can be no laggard,—must take up and press to 
completeness each task in its appropriate time. 
•Just now there is the usual amount of toil peculiar 
to the season, and if avo do not desire a clog upon all 
efforts during the year avc must finish up as the 
months pass itAvay. It is our purpose to present a 
few matters requiring immediate attention, which 
will at least serve as “jogs to memory” for those 
who may be classed among the unthink ing . 
Look to the Stork. — We all knoAV that “spring 
poor” has passed into a proverb denoting the utmost 
leanness. IIoav many there are Avbo scqui to think 
that Avhen the period arrives for bringing horses, 
horned cattle, sheep, etc., to the barn lor Avinter 
quarters, it also inaugurates the season of “short 
allowances.” The fact that such farmers are inva¬ 
riably behind in their work, and behind in their cash 
receipts,—that they fret, and fume, and fuss, because 
the results of their efforts as Avell as their credit, rate 
“below par,” — should induce the thoughtful to 
extra exertion. Famished horses and oxen afe uot 
the material with which to plow, or harrow, or culti¬ 
vate, or do a good day’s work of any description. 
Nor will the dairyman witness flowing pails ot lac¬ 
teal treasure if the Cow must recuperate from prison 
fare and confinement. Aud the Wobl-groAver is not 
more exempt than others. There will be light 
fleeces reported of the sheep, totally dispersing all 
visions of reward when brought to market, if they 
are exposed to snow, and nun. and cold, with only 
sufficient provender to keep life, while the “ bill of 
mortality ” arrayed against the lambs will be fearful 
to liebold. False notions of economy will never 
answer for the stock department of your farm, good 
reader,— if not so swift in eomplo’ing ruin as Care¬ 
lessness. there is none the less certainty. Good shel¬ 
ter— fence corners are not the places for stock to 
thrive —good food, not dealt out with miserly 
hands, are the necessities to good condition. 
The tool house is an excellent point ul which 
spare hours uoAv-a-days may be put to good uses. 
Broken plow-handles, fractured harrows, defective 
hoes, and toothless rakes, are not the weapons with 
which to wage a successful battle In hurrying seasons 
and amid accumulating labors, lie avUo is ready 
Avhen called to the field of active labor, enjoys a 
state of mind which is tit subject for envy (prov ided 
such a passion may ever he indulged.) by bis brother, 
whose leading quality is perpetual tardiness. 
It. is never too late to begin doing right, and if 
the. manure heap has not received such attention 
from your hands us it* requires, just see that such 
tolly no longer exists as itlii h the confines of your 
farm. This is the basis of our agriculture,—a yearl v 
succession of failures at the sput. Avhence should be 
derived the pabulum for growing crops, and the 
entire farm Avill tell its story of poverty to the most 
transient observer. Do ali in your power to pre¬ 
serve the fertilizing material from deterioration, aud 
add to it from any source you euu possibly make 
available. If there is a Ioav, swampy place upon 
tho farm where muck can bo obtained, it will pay 
to draw therefrom during the present cold weather, 
Avhen the ground is frozen sufficiently to hear the 
weight of a team. It is not considered advisable to 
use fresh muck upon land, but exposure to frost, and 
the treatment which cun be given when you have a 
supply in the barn-yard to work with, fits it for 
application, and lor giving satisfaction in its use. 
- *.♦•■»— -- 
“CAN YOUNG FARMERS SUCCEED.” 
As appropriate to the subject, “ can young 
farmers succeed,” I offer to the Rural a brief sketch 
of three farmers Avho from very small beginnings 
have achieved independence and competence, under 
my own immediate observation. One of them has 
been called away by the pale messenger, but two of 
them are yet “in the full tide of successful experi¬ 
ment;” yet as it has been customary of late to write 
the biographies of living men, I think that (hey Avill 
not demur to any thing I may say of them. 
With one of them 1 became acquainted in 1825, 
immediately after rny arrival and location in this 
State. He was about twenty years of age. Occa¬ 
sionally. for a holiday, avc hunted deer and Avild 
turkeys together, and later f stood by his side when 
ho joined hands with a noble and energetic maiden 
for bis bride. His start in life Avas a few acres of 
what in those days was considered poor thin land— 
since better appreciated—a team, a feAv farming 
tools, and “ last, though not least,” indomitable 
energy and perseverance. He was one of those 
described l>y the old saw “os not having a lazy 
bone in bis skin.” Economy in those days meant 
Avhat the Avoid in its full meaning imports. That 
economy lie practised. He sold his rifle, that it 
might not divert him from bis purpose to get ahead. 
He sold his Avutch also, that its price might be used 
for capital. One dollar’s worili of sugar bis wife 
Inade suffice lor the first ts.i.ivo-i.ionih; yet {heir 
meals, 1 can testify, were savory and nutritious. 
Now he has a beautiful farm of two hundred acres, 
a stately brick mansion, large barns, extensive out¬ 
buildings with great ingenuity of contrivance and 
arrangement, and an establishment which in all its 
parts attracts the attention of every passer by, and 
proclaims that a master spirit controls all its details. 
The second case was a young man Avithout capital, 
Avho hired out to a neighboring farmer by the year, 
lie was a stout, rugged, energetic and faithful young 
man whose services became so essential to his em¬ 
ployer that he retained them several years, and then 
gave him a share in the earnings of the farm. The 
young man resolved that of his wages he Avould 
annually save and loan on interest $H)l). He has 
since informed me that lie never succeeded in saving 
of his wages quite that sum, but over $90 he an¬ 
nually invested. When he marri«d, with his earn¬ 
ings he purchased a piece of land, and as oppor¬ 
tunity offered, by subsequent purchases added to it. 
tie too has noAV a beautiful farm, Avhose buildings, 
fences, stock and culture indicate and reflect the 
character of its owner. 
In neither ot these eases has the rigid economy 
practiced at the outset degenerated into miserly 
hoarding. Economy still rules, but it is an economy 
which leads to generous expenditure for Avdi-lliy 
objects. 
The third case avos a farmer aud mill OAvner resi¬ 
dent in Vermont Sudden freshet swept away his 
mills and overwhelmed him in ruin. He tied from 
the scene of this disaster, and in 18156, aged 40 years, 
arrived in Northern Ohio. .So destitute was he of 
capital that he borroAved $5 of a relative to pay the 
expenses of the last stage of his journey. After 
leasing land for a while, he bought on credit a ferule 
farm of 149 acres at $30 per acre, lie continued 
also to lease land, aud one year raised tAvu hundred 
acres of whear. At one time, a rainy season, with 
characteristic energy he had three threshing ma¬ 
chines operating on his premises at the same time, 
lu time the farm was paid for. He then purchased 
another farm of 8.8 acres, Avhich in all probability 
Avould have been paid for the past season had not 
death called him away from our midst. There Avere 
no buildings except a log house on the fauna he first 
bought, and most of it uncleared; Ids Vermont debts 
absorbed a large sum, yet the property left by him 
is A\-ortli between nine and ten thousand dollars. 
This is the only case within my knowledge of a man 
without capital paying lor a valuable farm unaided. 
In all other cases the interest has absorbed the earn¬ 
ings of the farm to such an extent as to leave the 
principal debt intact 
Other sketches I could draw, and, per contra, 1 
might give a long list of young men who spent their 
earningsin revelry and folly, or who by mismanage¬ 
ment have failed, but the task is not a pleasant one, 
and I have already passed the limits of an essay. 
.Mil;ui, Erie Co., Ohio. Peter Hathaway. 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES. 
A PARTING LEGACY. 
Your readers have already learned that the Illi¬ 
nois State Horticultural Society met in this city on 
Tuesday, Dec. fid, and continued in session four 
days. During this time much was said and done 
that it will he profitable to publish. It is not tho 
purpose of the writer, however, to burl lieu your 
columns AviLh the details of the discussions. The 
more important results ot the meeting Avill lie given, 
and topics suggested by it will be discussed briefly. 
A few days before the meeting, the writer received 
a note from Dr. John A. Kennicott, the President 
of the Society, in Avhich, speaking of his Annual 1 “Now, what shall wc demand? We must ask, 
Address, he wrote:—“ 1 make it a valedictory —a and not be denied , a full and explicit recognition of 
parting legacy to the Horticulturist® and Agricul- Agriculture in all its relative interests. The 
turistsof the West” , State Agricultural Society has done Avonders, but 
This was a startling announcement: and yet its mission is not ended. We need, and avc must 
Avhen thoughtfully regarded, perhaps uot a prema- have, and our children will have, at least three high 
lureono. Notice Avas 
given in ttie daily pa¬ 
pers, and on the first 
day of the session, 
there were a goodly 
number of old friends 
and t h e fraternity 
gathered, to listen to 
the last official words 
of as general, popu¬ 
lar, and accomplished 
a horticulturist as 
ever presided over the 
deliberations of this 
or any other horticul¬ 
tural society. 
These Avords were 
spoken after the trans¬ 
action of brief pre¬ 
liminary business.— 
Omitting the lengthy 
review of his official 
acts the past year, I 
send you only the 
dose of tho address.— 
the parting legacy. I 
trust you will find 
DR. JOHN A. KENNICOTT. 
schools of practical 
education, (including 
modern languages,) 
in the three great na¬ 
tural divisions of the 
'Tate, and all sup¬ 
ported by the State. 
I don’t mean ‘man¬ 
ual labor’schools,’ or 
• model farms,’ or even 
model manufactories 
—all of which are, to 
rny mind, u nmitigated 
humbugs, or insane 
illusions. 
“ The Normal Uni¬ 
versity is a good be¬ 
ginning for the Cen¬ 
tral school. Beauti¬ 
ful ‘Egypt,’ glorious 
and patriotic Egypt, 
has spots enough for 
another; and tho pu¬ 
pil of Francis Way- 
land, and his geologi¬ 
cal aid here in Chi- 
• cago, have taken tile 
room for it entire. It Avill be lound exceedingly initiatory step for the third*. Let us have them 
appropriate and interesting, reading as follows: j secured to us in the organic law of the State. 
“ And noAV, for my parting advice to you, aud the \ “We iiave neglected to send our own men to 
whole brotherhood of rural and mechanical labor, this convention, and yet it is just as easy for us to 
Since the first politician beguiled the first * gardener.’ secure all this as to turn our hand. Have you forgot- 
lliu cunning tongues of his progeny, and the strong ten the late lesson you taught the bank politicians? 
av ills of despots, have been ever too powerful for If you have, they have not. Demand this and you 
the sons of Inmost labor—- the bone and sinew,’ as will get it, if you previously determine; and lot your 
we are conventionally termed just before every elec- determination be known to veto tfie work ot this 
turn. For Avhen the lion’s skin has proved too short, ‘Constitutional Convention,’ if our rights are not 
it has always bec-n eked out with the fox’s hide, recognized. We have the politicians at disadvan- 
And avc who saw the cheat have still submitted, for luge here, and believe me, we shall have the ‘ third 
the sake of peace and quiet, and because wo knew estate—the Fresh- —with us, in this battle. Let it 
that of every twenty fanners nineteen would be 
humbugged, say what we might. 
“It has been sairl that 4 the pen is mightier than 
the sword.’ 1 question not the adage, but mightier 
than every other instrument is the tongue, in this 
come. Sooner or later, we shall prevail, and Labor 
receive its just dues from the Slate. 
•• But there is another question, Avhich, like slavery 
in the Union, is at the bottom of all our troubles, 
and which wc must curb, and may be compelled to 
free country. Words, deftly spoken, whether true uproot, ere we can enjoy peace, or anything like 
or false, are the engines that move the masses. We freedom, or the right of self-government, through 
are but animated puppets—our votes are bought our boasted rights of election,— the caucus and 
and sold in the political market—with advantage to convention system, which virtually deprives nine- 
bo th seller and buyer—hut we get only words in tenths of the voters of all the rights of the ballot, 
payment. and every expression of the will of the ‘majority,’ 
“I advise , then, that you imitate, not my practice. sa ve only a choice between tAvo men, or two mea- 
but heed Avhat 1 noAV tell you. Let your children sures, forced upon us by trickery! Let the new 
lie taught words as Avell as things! and above all, constitution abolish this most damnable of all polit- 
teach them self-reliance; and let them see that polit- leal evils, or let us veto it jus wc did the last Avilcl- 
ical principle, political ‘honesty,’ the -patriot- cat bank law! For ourselves, as'Horticulturists, as 
ism’ of politicians, are all ‘bosh’—all lies; or if a Society, let us ask ‘ Egypt,’ our next rendezvous!, 
anything of the kind ever existed in the ‘stock,’ it to join us in demanding the pittance we may need 
has been ‘■root-grafted' for the peddlers’ market, t'roin our State Legislature, and avo shall get it 
And there is no way of treating either the peddlers The times are too ‘scary,’ and we have too many 
ot trees or the peddlers in our voles, but to enter gons in that great aimed Convention along our 
the market with them, side by side, and let gen- rebel borders, (Avho may yet imitate our puritan 
nine truth and real honesty hiss down, and talk forefathers, and make tue Army ‘the State,’) for 
doAvn, both of them. politicians to deny , seriously, what Ave demand ear- 
Tbutii is mighty and will prevail,' but it can't nestly. 
go alone. Like the gardener, it stays about home, .. lQtbe nie . mtira0f j et our peaceful pursuits go 
while a lie .and a tree peddler have rapid feet, and on q’i lC beautiful which we create, wilt be‘a joy 
gather force as they go. But the great lather of f orevei y whether avo live long to enjoy it, or soon 
Nature and all Good has ordained that every good ] ouve u iC growing legacy to our children, and gen- 
thing shall have its chance for lilt 1 , with that which 
appears to us all evil. Every State.has its opportu- 
erations to folloAv them. Our natural mission is one 
of unmixed beneficence. By the help of the law of 
nily for revolution and regeneration. Ouropportu- Nature, and the rules of rural taste, we are painting 
nity is now! And yet we, as Producers as “ tour. Jiving landscapes, and dulling the bald prairies with 
fifths of the population,”— have nearly let our best perennial verdure—strewing here and there, as we 
Pi ( i i • i • i i i* . i; 4 
State chance slip by in the hands of our foxy poli¬ 
ticians. Our Constitutional Convention should 
go, such timely supplies of the cooling ami luscious 
products of modern pomology as the earlier wor- 
huve been, and may even yet he, our great State shipers of the fYuity goddess never dreamed of out 
opportunity. \\ e should have elected three-fourths of Eden! And soon—very soon— Ave may hope to 
ot the members ot that Convention. Have A\e present the thin blooded invalid and slow pulsed 
elected one-fourth? Have we even ten members patriarch with such a ‘cup’ as might have raised 
fhom the. ranks of agriculture.' It we haA T e half Bacchus above Jupiter, and will do more for t.ern- 
that number, I will wager my life that five of them peranee and jollity than all the sermons on the sin 
are more of politicians than either farmers or 0 p drunkenness, and all the impossible provisions 
mechanics! And without having seen a single of human law ever uttered or enacted this side of 
announcement outside of Cook county, 1 will veu- ^ mi , 
turo another more positive assertion: three-fourths “ And now, let’s all to the practical work before 
of them are lawyers! us . My last ‘ inaugural ’ aud anticipated ‘valedic- 
“Still, even lawyers may be made to see some- tory ’ are ended together.” 
thing beyond ‘precedent’ Many of them have 
heads —nearly as long as their tongues. I know a DF ” KENNIC0T1 s EAIlLV IjIFE * 
few such; and to these we must look tor justice, not One pleasant August afternoon—no matter when— 
latv—for law and justice are not always the same. we two—the “Old Doctor” and the writer—were 
lure another more positive assertion: three-fourths “ And now, let’s all to the practical work before 
of them are lawyers! us . My last‘inaugural’ aud anticipated ‘valedic- 
“ Still, even lawyers may be made to see some- tory’are ended together.” 
thing beyond ‘precedent’ Many of them have 
heads —nearly as long as their tongues. I know a D,: ' KKVXIC0T1 8 EARLY LIFE - 
few such; and to these we must look tor justice, not One pleasant August afternoon—no matter when— 
latv—for law and justice are uot always the same. we two—the “Old Doctor” and the writer—were 
“As to the rural element in the State Convention, enjoying our after-dinner Havana cigars, (which a 
I know nothing, and hope nothing from it—one fair friend, since gone to rest in a foreign land, had 
hybrid case excepted—and a ‘hard case,’ at that! brought him from Cuba,) ho reclining on a lounge 
One of those physiological -exceptions' said to I and the writer in an easy chair besider him in one of 
prove all general rules—especially oue of our pro- the airy parlors at “ The Grove ” home. \\ ith note- 
j fessional rules—viz., that a ‘high head’ is not a book and pencil convenient. I asked for his remem- 
S*tc head, and that a powerful and efficient brain is "~7 K refere here t0 the establishment or aa Agricultural 
r&TCty found with its 1 >ii,su six iW*t above tho solo ot SelionI in connection tv»th the Chicago University, founded by 
the human foot And yet i have more faith in this : Stkpiikw a, Douglas. This school is to be an independent 
one ‘tall’ politician*, and some time - farmer,’ than | department of the University. A farm has been ported. 
.. , , . . . , ... , . . i which is to b<* the t.*\penineutal farm for the use of the school, 
till the agricultural element besides as ll y O Ul< ^he lectures in this department commenced the second day 
OIU" views ill the Constitutional Convention. of .January 1 shall have occasion to speak further of the work 
*•' Loyo John,” of whom we wrote recently, and who has inaugurated here, 
been elected a member of the Constitutional Convention of ' {Since thiss, eeck was made, the place of next meeting has 
Illinois, soon to meet. been changed from Egypt to Chicago. 
