a 
A NEW CAMPANULA. 
A correspondent of the London Gardner's 
Chronicle gives an interesting description of a seed¬ 
ling Campanula exhibited by Mr. CuiTTY at a show 
of the Itoya! Botanic Society. Six plants were 
shown in pots and. we judge from the engraving, 
must have been exceedingly beautiful. Indeed, ac¬ 
cording to our authority, ''there was scarcely any¬ 
thing more tieautiful in the exhibition; the plants 
were of groat size, and formed symmetrical pyramids 
loaded from head to foot with snow-white bells, pro¬ 
ducing an effect remarkable for chastity in those 
days of general neglect of old-fashioned herbaceous 
favorites, i measured one of them, and its dimen¬ 
sions were as follows:— height, two foot six inches; 
circumference, three feet six inches. Ho far they 
worn examples oi what good culture can oiled with 
very simple materials. But the point of special in¬ 
terest is the distinctness of this seedling variety, 
which is capable of forming specimens of a size 
which could not be attained with the original, and 
the flowers are individually twice as largo,so that it 
was not surprising many of the gardeners should 
have supposed it a distinct species. There is no de¬ 
parture from the type in the structure of the flowers, 
except ta the matter of size, a greater rotundity of the 
bell, and a more snowy whiteness. These however 
are qualities of such importance that it appears to 
me only just to the raiser that he' should have a word 
of praise. The variety occurred hi a batch of seed¬ 
lings raised ia ls£>7, since which date it has continued 
constant, showing not the least tendency to revert to 
its old form. Bedding plants occupy so much time 
in the gardens of the present day that it is but sel¬ 
dom anything more than the most casual attention 
is given to hardy herbaceous plants; but what a 
field do they offer for similar improvements, and is 
there not a peculiar Interest attaching to Uioin which 
we shall never experience in all our efforts after 
gorgeous coloring ?” 
Mr. Chitty’s variety of Campanula is named 
Iiolundifoliu alba. 
FETJIT GEOWEES’ SOCIETY OF WESTERN N. Y. 
ANNUAL MEETING. 
The Fruit Growers’ Society of Western New York 
held its Annual Meeting at the Court-house in the 
city of Rochester on the 8th inst. The meeting was 
large, and its discussions interesting and harmonious. 
At eleven o'clock the President, K. Moody, Esq., of 
Loekport, took the chair. Committees were ap¬ 
pointed to nominate officers for the ensuing year, 
and to report subjects for discussion. 
The Committee on Subjects proposed the follow¬ 
ing questions, which were discussed, and several, on 
the culture and pruning of the pear, were passed 
over for want of time. The .Society held four 
sessions, but the attendance was large, and the dis¬ 
cussion somewhat protracted on each subject pro¬ 
posed. 
ASPLKS. 
I .—Ihtxtxf Apple Trees. —What in the bent stock for Dwarf¬ 
ing tlni Apple, and what are the comparative merits of Dwarf 
and Standard Apples? 
IL—Select lisle for family use—Which are the best 24 varie 
ties? Which of the 24 are the 4 best summer varieties. 2 for 
the table, I for baking, and 1 for cooking? 
IG’—Which of tlie 24 are the best 4 fail varieties, as above. 
IV.—Which of the 24 are the best 16 winter, to embrace 2 
for stock feeding, 2 for baking, 2 for cooking, and 10 for the 
table? 
V-—What is the best form of an Apple tree, and what is 
the time for pruuing? 
GOAPB8. 
VI.—What are the best 6 varieties of Grapes for fiunily use. 
and which are Uie best 2 for vineyard purposes? 
The Committee on Officers made the following 
report, and the gentlemen named were elected 
unanimously. 
President — H. T. Brooks, of Wyoming. 
Vice Presidents —J. J. Thomas, of Union Springs; John B. 
Baton, of Bikllalo, N. 8. Holmes, of Syracuse. 
Secretary— O. V. Bissell, of Rochester. 
Treasurer—W 1*. Townsend, of Loekport. 
DISCUSSIONS. 
Dwarf Apples. 
I -—Dwarf Apple Trees. —What is the best stock/or Dwarfing 
the Apple, wnd what are the comparative merits of Dwarf and 
Standard Applet? 
Mr. Barry, being called upon, said he could not 
say anything new. The subject seemed to be pretty 
well understood. Two stocks arc used fpr dwarf¬ 
ing llie apple - the Puradiw* and the Doucain. The 
I aradise makes a very small tree, suitable for gar¬ 
dens; the Doucain is a tree of larger growth, suitable 
lor pyramids or half-standards, and might he of 
advantagem the West, and other places, tor orchard 
mg. In answer to an inquiry. Mr. B. said that 
dwarfs probably would not tie as long-lived as 
standards, because the stocks arc raised'froth cut¬ 
tings. I he fruit of the Doucain is small and 
sweet —that ot Hie Paradise very small and insig- 
uilicanL Mad never known stocks ot either grown 
rom seed. The cuttings root freely. Had seen 
uee * on Uoucatu stocks twenty years old apparently 
MOORED RttRAL MEW-YD&KEH 
as healthy as ever, and likely to live a score, of 
years longer. On this stock trees do not bear much 
earlier than on their own roots —some five or six 
years after planting. On Paradise stea k trees beat- 
very young. On tin* former, trees should be. set out 
about twelve foot apart, and on the latter from four 
to six feet. Mr. 1!. knew of no successful experi¬ 
ments with the Doucain stock in orcharding, and 
could not say that it possesses any advantages over 
the free slocks tor general market purposes. 
SECOND SESSION. 
Best Six Summer Apples. 
tl .—Select lists for family u*c — Which, arc the best 24 varie¬ 
ties > The. 6 best summer varieties, 2 for the table, 1 for baking , 
and 1 for cooking l 
Mr. Barry said the Early Harvest is the most 
popular summer apple in America. It is cultivated 
in every State in the Union as far south as the apple 
is cultivated. Had seen it at Memphis, and further 
south, as good as at the North. 
\V. P. Townsend, of Loekport, spoke favorably 
of the Primate, Early Joe, Early Harvest, ami Red 
Astacbau, and the Sweet Bough'for baking. 
Mr. Beadle, of Ft. Catharines, C. WY, stud in 
Canada the Sweet Bough is the most popular 
sweet apple, and the Red Astrachan excellent, for 
cooking and eating. 
It. E. Hooker recommended the Sweet Bough lor 
baking, and the Early Harvest, Early Joe, Primate, 
and lied Astraehan for eating find cooking. 
Mr. Ellwander said the Summer Rose is one 
of the best summer apples. The Early Joe is a 
delicious eatjtig apple, but is very "apt to bo 
imperfect and spotted. The Early Harvest, is good 
for the table, as all know, the Sweet Bough for 
baking, and the Red Astraehan for cooking. 
Mr. Smith, of Syracuse, recommended the Early 
Harvest, Bed Astraehan, and Sweet Bough for cook¬ 
ing, and the Primate and Summer Rose for the table. 
Mr. Barry considered all tin-summer apples that 
had been named excellent, and well worthy of gen¬ 
eral culture, except, perhaps, the Karlv Joe, which 
is often very spotted, and tlie tree a poor grower. 
The Early Strawberry is a beautiful, excellent 
apple, of a peculiar and fine aroma, and the tree a 
good grower. A ; n excellent market apple, Would 
name it as one of our best summer apples. It 
remains longer in perfection than almost any other 
summer apple, ripening gradually and remaining on 
the tree longer than most apples. Tree an erect 
grower, with slender branches. 
Dr. Sylvester, of Lyons, thought very highly of 
the Early Strawberry. The tree is a handsome and 
erect grower. Fruit ripens gradually for live weeks. 
For family use this peculiarity is valuable, but 
objectionable for market, ilh it Is loss trouble to 
pick all the fruit of a variety at once. Would place 
it among the four best. Mr. 8. would want the 
Early Harvest lor all purposes, Swe^t Bough for 
baking. Red Astraehan for cookfug, and Early 
Strawberry, Summer Rose, and Primate for table. 
E. Moonv, of Loekport. thought the Primate 
the best early apple. Ripe nearly as early is tin 1 
Early Harvest, and does not. snot, while tlie Early 
Harvest is subject t«i it. and Mr. J[. thought, may 
have to be discarded, for tlui difficulty h- increas¬ 
ing, and varieties subject to it should" bo rejected. 
The Primate is entirely free, and also the Red 
Astraehan. The SweetBough i a good apple, and 
bears shipping well. Would like to retain ihe Early 
Joe, although it does spot. Some gentlemen present, 
thought the Primate tree rather tender, and Mr. M. 
said, iri reply to inquiries, that it is as hardy us a 
Greening, and very much like it in growth. 
The question, as originally reported by the com¬ 
mittee, was tor the four best summer apples for the 
dessert, and at this stage of the discussion, us many 
considered the number too small to give a good 
supply for family use during the season, at the sug¬ 
gestion of L. B. Lang worthy and If. E. Hooker, 
it Avas increased to six. 
Mr. Barry thought the Golden Sweet a very 
desirable summer sweet apple, though perhaps 
rather late to be called a summer apple. It is 
very productive, the tree a rapid grower, and bears 
curly; an excellent market apple. 
Mr. Moody agreed with tlie last speaker in his 
opinion of the Golden Sweet, It is an excellent 
baking apple, but not as good for the table as the 
Sweet Bough, and will not hear carriage as well. 
Moat of the Sweet Boughs of Niagara county are 
purchased for the Boston market. 
Mr. Fish inquired if there were not two varieties 
known as Golden Sweet. 
lb N. Land worthy knew of two, one a greenish 
apple and worthless; hut the true Golden Sweet is 
an excellent apple, and next to the Baldwin in 
productiveness. 
Mr. Barry said a line had been handed him. 
requesting his opinion of the Jeffries apple —a 
tieautiful. striped, very superior dessert apple from 
Pennsylvania. It is an excellent summer apple, 
and the gentleman who called his attention to it 
should favor the meeting with his opinion. 
Mr. V n-K said he was too much occupied in 
reporting the proceedings to take part in the discus¬ 
sions, but he was anxious this fine apple should he 
brought to the notice of the meeting. It is excel¬ 
lent and beautiful. 
Mr. Hooker Imd the Jeffries in hearing the last 
three years. It is an excellent table apple, and 
the finest, acquisition we have had in many years. 
Mr. Ilo4,0. ot Loekport. hud received scions from 
Pennsylvania, which had fruited, and he considered 
the Jeffries a very superior dessert apple. 
Thu President,'II. T. Brooks, Esq., thought Un- 
growing of apples for feeding pigs an important 
matter for fanners. Pork is cheap, and it is neces¬ 
sary that, cheap food should he used in making it. 
Mr. Bbapi.b said a neighbor fed sweet, apples to 
pigs in great (pumlilies, first using the Golden 
Sweet and later the Telman Sweet 
L. 15. Lanu worthy considered good marketable 
apples too valuable to feed to pigs. Let (he pigs 
have the run of the orchard and pick up all the 
wormy, fallen fruit: but apples that are fit to sell 
are worth more than they would be made into pork 
IL N. Lang worthy’ said he would sum up his 
opinion of the Golden Sweet in a few words —it is 
good for feeding pigs, not. very good to eat, good to 
bake, and good to sell before half ripe. Dealers 
will buy it, and it is considered pretty good before 
it hardly begins to ripen. 
Autumn Apples. 
in —Which are the Inst <\fatt varieties ) 
Mr. Hooker considered Uie Munson Sweet a 
superb sweet apple, productive, and good cither for 
baking or the table. 
Mr. E i.i. w a no e R said Munson Sweet is the 
finest, autumn sweet apple we have, with a bright red 
cheek, which makes it attractive. Excellent for 
baking. 
Mr. Sami found the Munson Sweet a very protita- 
e . appfo. Tree hardy and productive, "and the 
nit excellent. The Fall Jenneting good, and the 
rilitnet _l .. J , 
bio 
fruit 
Lot vert a handsome apple and an enormous bearer, 
always fair, and an excellent looking apple. The 
Rambo and St. Lawrence are fine for late fall. 
Mr. Barry — Jersey Sweet ranks among the best 
sweet apples ot its season. 
Mr. Hyi.v ester had cultivated Munson Sweet a 
few years and liked iu The Pound Sweet is the 
best autumn sweet apple. It U more juicy than 
any _ other sweet apple. For feeding there is 
nothing like it. 
Mr. Smith inquired if Jersey Sweet is generally 
fair. It is an excellent apple where it can lie 
grown, fait for the last few years it had grown 
spotted and gnarly with him. 
Mr. Beadle said Jersey Sweet is an excel¬ 
lent apple in Canada, the fruit fair, and the tree pro- 
duetive. Ripe in October. Succeeds in almost 
all soils. 
Mr. Fish thought Jersey Sweet one of the very 
best of fall apples. Very lender and rich. 
Mr. Moody said Jersey Sweet, as known hy him 
is unworthy of cultivation, knotty and Worthless. 
If they happened to got a fair one it was very good. 
, D. N. Langwokthy agreed with Mr. Moonv. it 
is an unprofitable apple, knotty, and falls from the 
Air. Hoag had seen the Jersey Sweet excellent in 
Niagara comity, on clay soils. 
Mr. Li ,lwanger found the Jersey Sweet to be a 
I A. Ifc. D.MUIM r# l | >l_ V • WH:b |() |)(* 
line apple, but very often small and spotted. Spoke 
Well of Duchesne of Oldenburg, Gravenstciu 
1 'verity Ounce, and. Pound Royal for tall apples 
and the Munson Sweet for baking. In answer to a 
question, Mr. E. slated vbat the Gravenstoin rose up 
hies the Co I vert, yellowish-white ground, striped 
with red. 
Mr. Hooker said the Pom me Royal is of poor 
appearance, greenish white, often specked. Twenty 
Ounce is one of the best market apples, excellent, 
for cooking, hangs well on the tree, and is a good 
bearer. 
Mr. Moody believed the Duchesne of Oldenburg 
to be one of the best, autumn apples, ami a very 
early bearer, often bearing in Uie nursery, one of 
the leiidcrcst lablc apples. Fall Pippin", after the 
Gravcateiti, is the next best cooking apple. 
Mr. Fish Raid it is generally admitted that the 
Fall Pippin is of good quality, but he could never 
get many of them. 
Mr. Holmes, of Syracuse, had not heard the Haw¬ 
ley mentioned, and would like to get the opinion 
ot members as to its quality. 
Dr. Sylvester said the Hawley is one of the 
best fall apples, but is not considered very pro¬ 
ductive. 
Mr. Beadle had the Hawley in cultivation some 
years, but of late it. is not only water-cored, but 
water-sonkrd, and about worthless. It stands in a 
rather low place in the orchard, and this may he 
the cause of the trouble. 
Mr. 11 oAci found it the same at Loekport. 
, Mr. llERtUMiTON had the same difficulty with it 
in Macediin on hf&h ground. 
Mr. Hooker could Hot get along without Uie 
Purler for family use, 
Mr. Eli.wa.nger said as it seems to be under¬ 
stood that the list is to be increased to six autumn 
varieties, he wished to tuld the St. Lawrence. He 
also spoke well of the Porter. 
Mr. Gorki, of Pantjald, considered Maiden's 
Blush a very fine apple. 
Mr. Anthony said Maiden’s Blush is always 
fair, productive, and excellent. 
Mr. Barry said it is remarkable to notice the 
changes in tlie character of apples. Only twelve 
years ago the Hawley was extremely popular, and 
it was an excellent apple. Now it is subject to 
the defect noticed by several gentlemen, and is 
about discarded. 
Mr. Hooker found the St. Lawrence a very 
perishable, unreliable fruit. The crop generally 
is pilot* and wormy. 
Mr. Bk.uii.k thought the St. Lawrence had got too 
far south. In Caiiadu, the further north it is 
grown, the higher colored, the liner, and the more 
perfect, the fruit It is always large, line, and the 
tree productive. 
Mr. Lay, of Greece, found it to ripen unevenly. 
Mr. SMITH said this is the case in Syracuse, 
Best Twelve Winter Apples. 
IV.—TAr best 12 winter, In embrace 2 for stock, 2 for baking , 
2 for cooking, and (ifor the table > 
Mr. Ei.lwanokk thought the Fameuse the best 
early winter apple for the table. 
Mr- Hooker recommended for baking the Telman 
Swi-et and Ladies' Sweet - a very valuable fall 
sweet apple. 
Mr. Carry said, for market, he was prepared to 
recommeud the Rhode Island Creoningund Baldwin. 
Mr. Fish recommended for late keepers the Uox- 
bury Russet and Golden Russet. 
Mr. Beaut.e recommended the Pnrnine (.'rise as a 
fine late keeper, and asked information respecting 
the Pom me d’Or, a good apple, somewhat resembling 
the Pom me Grise. * 
Mr. Fish said the Pennine d’Or is a small, excel¬ 
lent russet apple. It. sold last year at $10 per barrel 
in Canada. 
IL N. La no worthy said he first saw this apple 
on the ridge-road, near this city, iu the orchard of 
Mr. Sherman. Its fine flavor and aroma is delight¬ 
ful. H is the prince qf Russels. D. is more oblong 
than the Pomine Grise sometimes quite oblong, 
the tree is upright iu its growth, and a good bearer. 
I* or a long tune could not ascertain its name, but by 
searching the French pomological works became 
satisfied that it was the Pom me d’Or of the French, 
and it has been called by that name. 
Mr. Beadle said Norton’s Melon is exceedingly 
valuable in Canada. 
. Mr. Smith called attention to Peck’s Pleasant, as 
it had not been mentioned. It Is a very valuable 
early winter apple, and a pvefct good bcar-i Had 
none this winter. All the winter apples they have in 
Syracuse this season are the Golden Russet and 
Northern Spy. These two are tlie hardiest trees we 
have. 
Mr. Barry said the Golden Russet, as understood 
here, Is the one with small specks on tlie hark. The 
American Golden ft asset, so much grown in New 
Jersey and southward, wilt not do here. Our 
Golden Russet is uot described iu the books. 
Mr. Wright inquired of the value of Coo peris 
Market. * 
Mr. Hooker said it is grown by some of his 
neighbors, and is a good bearer arid keeps until 
Apr' 1 . It is a showy fruit, but not of first quality. 
1 he Yellow Bellflower is good, but sometimes 
specked. 
. Mr. Sharp, of Loekport, inquired why some one 
did not speak of the. Swaar. 
Mr. Beadle found it tender in Canada. Itwinter- 
kills badly. 
Mr. Smith said it has the same defect as the Fall 
Pippin — never bares a crop. 
Mr. Lay said the Swaar had borne well with him. 
Mr. Sylvester recommended Newtown Pippin, 
wherever it can he grown without specks. 
Mr. h li.wangkr said the Jonathan is an excel¬ 
lent dessert apple, and high colored, The. Canada 
Kernelte is also good. 
Mr. Carey considered the Bailey Sweet equal to 
any sweet apple wo have through January and 
l* ebruary. 
Mr. Hoag said the Bailey Sweet is a good apple, 
but it will not keep. " M ’ 
The President said the Bailey Sweet, on the 
warm, sandy land about Moscow, is a late fall 
appbx but on heavy land, and in < older situations, it. 
is a winter fruit, 
Mr. Beadle noticed the Yellow Bellflower was 
recommended by some one. With him it is ashy 
bearer, and has a very large core. He thought 
little'of the variety. 
W. 1’. Townsend, of Loekport, said the Yellow 
bellflower needs severer pruning, and if the tree 
is m good condition, the fruit, is good. 
Several gentlemen stated that the Bellflower is 
tender about handling. 
Mr. Moody thought this a little too far north 
tor the Yellow Bellflower, but with a little care it 
W ill succeed well. For early wilder, the Wugeuer is 
one of the best. He thought well of Peek’s 
Pleasant. 
Mr. Barry said the Yellow Bellflower was really 
a Southern apple. I n the North it is doubtless degen¬ 
erating, though it had never done well hero, except 
in favored localities, but iu the South it is as line 
as ever. 
.Mr. Glenn recommended the Belmont as an early 
winter apple, both for the table and cooking. 
Mr. Barry believed it to be a seedling of the 
"Yellow Bellflower, and a good apple, very popular 
in Northern Ohio. 
Mr. Ci MMiNGs recommended the Northern Spy us 
a late winter apple, exceedingly valuable for a 
Northern climate. Bears well when it commences, 
but is not an early bearer. 
Mr. Hooker inquired about the Spitzcuburg—an 
old favonte. 
Mr. Moonv said it is good in Niagara county. 
Mr. Barry said it is one of the most popular 
apples in our State, but requires high culture, so 
Beat the trees may be kept growing vigorously. It 
is useless to try to grow it in grass. 
Mr. Townsend said that is the reason the Spitz- 
eriburg is losing jp, popularity. Most of the bear¬ 
ing trees are old and have been neglected. 
Dr. Sylvester could recollect when the Spltzed- 
burg was the most, popular apple grown. Most 
people like iis high, spicy flavor, -.uid it is not excelled 
for cooking. Bui the ( roes musi be fed to get good 
fruit. Did not call it a livst-nvic bearer, but when 
trees are well cultivated, it will rive a fair crop. 
Mr. Moonv said the Spitzcuburg needs a deep, 
Pry soil. Gyrus Beach, of the town of Cumbria, iu 
x .M \ ! ' * t? •» w* v .iiinq 111 
Niagara county, had grown very large crops — some¬ 
times twenty barrels froth a tree. 
Mr. Smith said it does poorly at Syracuse. They 
think it bus had its day, and’ must lie abandoned. 
L. B. Lanu worthy remarked that the Red 
Canada is one of tlie best apples in the world. 
TlltlCI) SESSION. 
Ex-President Moonv, of Loekport, exhibited a 
number of very fine pear Htoekaof ai»s own growing, 
which attracted much attention on account of their 
fine growth, and at the request, of Mr. Barry Mr. M. 
made some remarks on his mode of culture. He 
had grown 400,000 the past season as line as the 
specimens exhibited, one-half being of extra size 
and the others might well be called first class. 
Gave a large quantity of ashes, about 150 bushels 
to the acre, applied at three times during the season. 
Best li'orm for uu Apple Tree. 
\\— What is the b, a f nnn (f tt „ 4 ^ i rct< faul it the 
time for pruning .’ 
Mr. Share thought he might not agree with others 
in hm views of pruning. Would head all fruit trees 
low. Branches pruned near the ground are more 
vigorous and stocky than those formed further up 
the mom stem. They show a disposition to ascend 
instead ot running out horizontally, make a good 
spreading top, and can bear more weight without 
injury. I re*-s trained in this way are also less 
exposed to tlie winds. This i« particularly the 
case with pcuiu 
J. J. Thomas was opposed to pruning the heads 
ol trees high. 1 11 many Orchards treys might bo 
seen some three stories in height from successive 
Mr. Firii agreed with Mr. Shari*. Branches 
pruned near the root are stronger than those formed 
six or seven feet, from the ground. 
one. 
Mr. Hooker considered the question a difficult 
ie. Trees grow naturally of all forms. Tim 
Northern Spy has an upright growth. Greening 
crooked and drooping, while the Baldwin makes a 
round-headed free. Gut out the young wood from 
'IV.... ..I,„ /• t.. :. ** i 9 . . 
a Totupkins County King, a* is desirable for a 
Northern Spy, and soon tlu*ro would be no bearing 
wood left This variety requires shortening in, 
while the Northern Spy requires thiuing out.* It, 
is well to study the imbits of trees, for, do the 
beat we can, they will have their peculiar shape. 
Mr. Barky said there is a difference of oninii 
, . ... ... opinion 
about the height heads should he formed in orchard 
frees. Ho believed in having the heads tow. Many 
advantages result from this course. The sap has 
not to travel so far; branches near roots are stronger 
and uot subjected to so many accidents, are less 
exposed to the weather, and protect the trunks from 
effects nt sun and freezing. All our orchard trees 
are found leaning to the east, the effect of our 
strong west winds. Tlie higher the head is formed 
from the ground, of course, the more they arc 
exposed. Lew -headed trees are more easily pruned 
ami the fruit is gathered with much less difliotilly 
;uul danger. I lie advantage's are numerous anil 
obvious to every grower of fruits. Some think 
the head should ue formed so high that a horse with 
plow could work under the branches. This iR 
not. necessary. I bo principal feeding roots are at 
the extremities, and as far out ms the ends of (lie 
limbs or further. Manure and culture are nut. 
needed under b run cites. Plowing injures the roots 
by tearing arid breaking them. The best fruits 
are produced from trees where the ground under 
the branches is always shaded. • A slight, forking 
under the tree is all (hat is required. 
Mr. Moody said (hey had to come to some system 
ol culture that would suit fatmeiR. Farmers would 
not use tlu* fork. Had found no evil from plowing. 
Gonunenco plowing when ihe trees are young, and 
the roots will not come near the surface. Would 
form heads four or live feet from the ground. Some 
tender frees have the bark inj trad by the Run in 
ter. 1’hiR is prevented by growing branches low. 
Mr. Be wile said the climate in which trees are 
grown may have a good ileal to do in determining 
the form of the tree. Mr. Moony spoke of the sun 
burning the trunks of trees. Hud seen the* smile 
frequently in Canada, the hark injured for seven or 
eight foot up the trunk. Thought it the effect 
of the sun followed by hard frosts. By keeping the 
head low tlie trunk is protected. Never saw any 
ill effects from heuding frees low. In Canada they 
have severe south-west winds. Every tree leans. 
The main crop is blown off high trees. Mr. B. 
would not iiso a plow under or hoar the trees in an 
Orchard. The routs like to come near the suriaeo 
lor light, and air, and dew. 
Mr. Hooker said (hu advocates of low heads 
seemed determined to drive those in favov of higher 
heads into a false position. Although he did not 
believe in forming heads as low os some, he w r as 
equally opposed In having lycad- as high as some 
have described, and as is often seen. But tlie 
heads should be formed so high as to admit of horse 
work under tin* trees. Farmers cannot use forks 
nod spades iu cultivating their orchards- they must 
depend upon horses. 
J. J. 'I homan had made a good deal of observa¬ 
tion in the length of roots. The radius of the roots 
is equal 10 tlie height of the tree. If the tree is 
twenty feet in height the roots will extend twenty 
feet from the trunk in every direction. Mr. T. 
inquired if any one had ever known injury to result 
from plowing an orchard? _ The tearing of the roots 
a little, lie thought, not so injurious as neglecting to 
stir the soil. Apple roots, many of them, go down 
low, but peach roots lie near the surface. 
Dr. Sylvester said it is necessary to shade the 
trunks of trees, and it is also necessary to keep the tree 
growing to obtain good fruit. To effect this it is 
necessary to keep liio ground well cultivated,and it 
is hard to do lliis if the head is formed very low. 
ifr. Sharp is determined to head his trees low, 
and has a pair ot small mules for working u ml ci¬ 
thern, and when the trees are too low for these, will 
try a pair of asses. 
At the eloseof the discussion on this subject mem¬ 
bers were requested to prepare and leave with the 
Secretary a list of the best six summer, the best six 
autumn, and the best twelve winter varieties. The 
following is the aggregate vote; 
Best She Summer—Two Sweet. 
Rod Ascm hau . 
Primate__ 
Early Harvest__ 
Early Strawberry.. 
Keswick Codlin_ 
Summer Rose.. 
Summer Pearmain_ 
Early Joe___ 
Lowell 
Benoui _ 
Sweet Bough.. 
Golden Sweet.... 
2 
.... 3 
.... 1 
... 3 
....12 
.... 8 
Best Six Autumn—Two Sweet. 
(’divert ..._... 
Twenty Ounce. 
(imvenstein__ 
Uueliuss of Oldenburgh.. 
Porter__ 
JettVies ..... 
Pornme Royal__ 
Beauty of Kent.. 2 
licit Tuxlm Winter—Two Sweet. 
Rhode Island Greenin 
Tompkins Co. King 
Northern Spy.. 
10 
. 0 
. 7 
. 7 
8 
Munson Sweet_.*. 
Pall Jenetting_ 
Twenty Ounce Pippin ... 
Pumpkin Sweet.. 
Maiden's Blush. 
Kail Pippin.. 
Sylvester _ 
.. 7 
.. 1 
.. 1 
.. 1 
.. 1 
1 
Baldwin 
Hpto.vciburgh_ 
Golden Russet . 
itoxbury Russet.. 
Peeks Pleasant. 
Yellow Bellflower 
Pornme (irise_ 
Canada Ked_ 
Swaar__ 
Wagoner_ 
Belmont_ 
Yandervore ... 
Minister _ 
K....13 
Smith s Cider 
. 1 
.12 
Norton's Melon 
.. 1 
.12 
Canada Reinette 
»> 
_12 
Blue i’earmuiu. 
. 1 
_ .8 
Raule’s Januet. 
O 
8 
Toiman Sweet . 
...14 
_ 7 
Seek no Further 
•> 
7 
Green Sweet . 
..3 
.r. 
Ladies Sweet. 
... 6 
__ 4 
Cooper’s Market.. 
«> 
.r. 
Cranberry Pippin .. 
... 1 
.a 
Rib*ton Pippin 
. 1 
3 
l>:uli 4 y Swi’ft-... 
... 3 
.. tf 
Jersey Sweet. 
... 3 
• » 
Pound Sweet 
. 1 
Hill Sweet 
... 1 
. 0 
Pomnie d’Or. 
. 1 
Jonathan .. 
.. 1 
. 1 
Mother .. 
2 
Mr. Barry announced that among the distin¬ 
guished fruit growers present, he was happy to 
observe the Rev. J. Knox, Uie celebrated Fruit 
Farmer of Pittsburgh, who has two hundred acres 
in fruit, and fifty acres iu strawberries. The Presi¬ 
dent requested Mr. K. to favor the meeting with an 
address. 
Mr. Knox stated that ms he hud more experience 
with strawberries than any other fruit, and without 
pretending to make an address, he would give the 
members the benefit of his experience in strawberry 
culture, treating of soil, preparation of soil, cultiva¬ 
tion and varieties, lie considered a rather light 
clay soil preferable 10 a sandy soil, for strawberries. 
The liret work in its preparation is through drain¬ 
age, next breaking up or pulverizing, from twenty 
to twenty-four inches in depth. This is effected 
by the plow alone, ’’’ 
...III. A... , 1. .. ___ j» || 
by the plow alone. First use an ordinary plow, 
with two horses, followed by Mapes’ lifter, a kind of 
still-soil plow, with two yokes of oxen. Give the 
rrrniirwl I , iliut... . 
i 7 ' J VI '-'*«» ' 11 . VJTAVV 0*1X3 
ground M*veral plowings in dilforont directions, 
until it is well broken up and pulverized. Gould 
produce two or three very good crops on land 
plowed in the ordinary wav. eight, or ten inches, but 
on that two feet deep could obtain ten or twelve 
crops iu Succession. Strawberries do not require 
much manure. Auy good wheat or corn land is 
good enough for strawberries. Plants in rows 1 
thirty inches apart, and the plants ten inches apart 
m the ro ws, making twenty thousand plants to the f 
acre >V h«*n he commenced strawberry culture, Mr. ' 
Iv. plowed between ifo- rows, but latterly lias dis¬ 
carded all implements in bis strawberry plantations, 
except the boa. Weeds are token out by hand. I 
l he less soil is disturbed after planting the better, 
as the whole ground is covered with a net-work of 
small, fibrous roots. Never allows tlie vines to 
bear the first year planted, but picks off all the 
Innt-stenis and runners, and removes dm runners 
every year that the plant is fruited. Prefers set¬ 
ting out early in the. spring. Protects the plants 
in the winter by wheat or rye straw, thrashed with 
the flail. Oat straw is not heavy enough, and blows 
Off. Plants bear much better' for this protection. 
The straw is removed in the spring, and placed 
around the plants as a muleh. and helps a little 
towards furnishing manure. One half the straw is 
wasted each year, and needs to be supplied every 
autumn. Two Mins to the aero is about the right 
quantity of straw to commence with, but after that, 
one tun-of new straw each Henson will answer. 
Varieties that succeed in some soils and situations, 
fail in others. The Hovey is good in Boston, and 
Mr. K. had seen it good in Cleveland, but with him 
it never succeeded. Some varieties seem to run 
oui alter culture a number of years. Pistillate 
varieties do better when impregnated with some 
stain mate sorts, than with others. On this subject 
he is trying experiment#. The strawberry season 
ought to be lengthened. It is usually about three 
weeks, but with proper selection of sorts, can be 
extended to live weeks. Thu sorts Mr. K. liked besi 
were the following: 
h.tirly— Baltimore Scarlet, Jonnj Lind, Burr’s New Pine. 
inde —Trollope's Victoria, Kitloy’s Goliuh, Nimrod, Buist’s 
Prisui. 
Medium Brighton Pine, Boston Pine, MeAvoy’s Superior, 
Scott's Seedling, Moynmensiny, Downer’s Prolific, Fillmore, 
Golden Heeded, British Queen, Vieomtesse Herieftrtde Thury, 
Wilson's Albany Trionphc <le Gand 
For a general crop, Wilson’s Albany and Tri- 
qmplic do Guild are (lie most profitable. The latter 
is the Strawberry of all strawberries, anti pos¬ 
sesses all the excellencies that, can be desired— 
productive, beautiful, huge, of fine quality, berries 
shipping well, and the plants are hardy. It is not 
as productive as (be Wilson. Injt an acre will bring 
more money, cent them to Cleveland, Chicago, 
and Now York. U-ocrivoil ottlerfifrom 
Now York for more than his whole crop. If con¬ 
fined to one strawberry, lie would plant the Tri- 
oinphe de Gand. Although not quite as productive 
as Bit' Wilson, ho could say will) safety, that it pro¬ 
duces more than three hundred bushels to the acre. 
For canning, the Wilson i« preferred. The only 
manure used is well rolled Stable manure. The 
same plant, if the runners are kept oil', will hear ten 
years. A good man v crowns will start and cluster 
around the original plant, each bearing a fruit stem, 
ami all producing a very large amount of fruit. 
Mr. K, said lie Observed several fruit growers from 
Canada present, and expressed the wish that all the 
troubles of nations emtld be left with the Invars of 
fruits and flowers for adjustment; then our spears 
would soon bekiirned into priming-hooks, ami our 
swords into plowshares. 
Mr. Vick expressed pleasure at tlie remarks of 
Mr. Knox. They -how that the very best culture 
is success'!d on a large scale. We are too apt to 
think that good culture must In* confined to ama¬ 
teurs or garden culture exclusively, and is unsuited 
to thu orchard and market garden. This is an 
error. That system which is most profitable iu the 
garden, will be generally found so m the,orchard. 
The remainder of the discussion, list of fruits ex¬ 
hibited, Ac., will be given next week. 
3?0«:stic @mm% 
A BATCH OP CAKES. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —As 1 have a few 
excellent recipes, and feel a deep interest in the 
Domestic Column of your valuable paper, with your 
permission I will give tliom to your numerous 
readers. 
Fiu-nic Cake. —Take two cups of white sugar; 
two eggs, and the white of one; one cup of butter; 
one cup of sweet milk; three cups oi' flour; two 
teftspooufuls of cream of tartar; one teaspoonful of 
soda. Add a teaspoonful or two of lemon. This 
quantity is sufficient for two cakes. 
Union Cake.- -Take two cups of flour; two cups 
of sugar; one and a half cups of sour cream; two 
eggs; one teaspoonful of saleratus; oue-lmll’ do. 
nutmeg. When all are united, stir them up. 
Ginger Cake. — Take one cup of molasses; one 
cup of water; otic-hulf cup of shortening; one table- 
spoonful of ginger; one teaspoonful of saleratus; 
a little salt; flour sufficient to make it as thick as for 
pound cake. 
Coffee Cake. —Take oue cup of sugar; one cup 
of molasses; one cup of butter; one cup of good 
cold coffee; one pound of chopped raisins; one 
tablespoonful of cinnamon; one teaspoonful of 
allspice; one tablespoonful of cloves; one tcaspoon- 
ful of saleratus, F, E. IIart. 
Barre, Orleans Co., N. Y., 18(!2. 
APPLE DUMPLINGS. 
Pare and thinly slice the apple; rub butter iu the 
flour, nearly enough for an ordinary pie crust; mix 
a little soda in some buttermilk to make it foam; 
more than this is injurious; now moisten the crust 
as soft as an ordinary biscuit, roll out and butter it 
over lightly, then double it over once and repeat 
Put in no more apples than the crust, will easily lap 
over on, aud two small dumplings are better than 
one large one, as they are more easily got into a 
bag, and take less time in cooking. When the fruit 
is cooked the pastry is done, aud the time of eook- 
ing must be regulated accordingly. If you cook the 
fruit before putting it in, half an hour is sufficient 
to boil an ordinary sized dumpling made in this way,. 
though in roll, from an hour and a half to two hours 
is necessary. A good sauce to be eaten with apple 
dumplings is made as follows:—To a pint of boiling 
water, add a good slice of butter; half a nutmeg 
grated, two tablespoonfuls of flour, previously mixed 
in cold water, and half a tcaspoonful of extract of 
lemon, with a oottee-cup of white sugar; boil one 
minute. 
Biscuit Fritters.—T ake some light biscuit or 
rusk; split them in halves; saturate them with 
custard made with six eggs to a quart of milk, 
omitting sugar (if the cakes are sweet;) then fry 
them in hot lard to a light, brown, and eat with wine 
sauce. 
Baker’s Bread — Rite Cucumber Pickles. — 
Will some one please inform a Rural reader how 
to make tpod baker’s bread? Also, how to pickle 
ripe cucumbers, and favor—A. E. C., Chatsioorlh, 
III., 18G2. 
[SI’KCIAI. NOTICK.J 
Kerr it Bkvokk thk VtiorLB, that D. B. De Land & Co.’s 
Chemical Saleratus will universally perform all that the pro¬ 
prietors claim that it will, imd therefore it is not only die host 
ami healthiest Saleratus in th« market, but it Is also tlie 
cheapest, as its effects are certain and uniform, and conse¬ 
quently spoils no broad or biscuit. It is for sale by all respect- 
ahle retail dealers in tlie country, and at. wholesale in Roches¬ 
ter, Buffalo, Cleveland, Toledo, Sandusky, Detroit, Grand 
Rapids, Kalamazoo, Chicago, Milwaukee, &o., &c. 
