is perfectly hardy, a good bearer, and the iruit 
superior to the Isabella, and keeps well, but the 
clusters are somewhat broken- The vines wore on 
the trellis last year, and did not suffer in the least. 
The Perkins is hardiest of all grapes, ripens early, 
only a few days later than Hartford Prolific. It 
keeps well and" improves by keeping. A little foSy. 
Mr. Lay was much pleased with Concord, 
Mr. Fish thought Northern Muscadine a good 
grape. It does not drop from the vine. Let some 
remain last season until frost 
11. N. La vo WORTHY had tive or six years experi¬ 
ence with Northern Muscadine. The bunches are 
very small, and it had proved very unproductive 
with him. 
At the conclusion of the discussion, it was sug¬ 
gested that a vote should be taken, which was 
ordered, with the following result: 
Hartford Prolific. 5 Ojwrtn. 
Northern HilKuditie. - - 2 Perkms .1 
Delaware ____-_7 To Kiilon- -..-2 
Diana...6 Union Village .. J. 
Isabella.6 Rebecca- 2 
Concord.7 Catawba. ....2 
Clinton.1 
A PRETTY POETFOLIO, PAPEE MATS, Ac. 
FEUTT GROWERS' SOCIETY OF WESTERN N. Y, 
ANNUAL 
As we could give our readers no more instructive 
matter than the suggestions of practical fruit grow¬ 
ers, wc continue our report of the discussions at the 
Annnal Meeting of the Fruit Grower’s Society 6f 
Western New York. As might be expected, there 
is often a difference, of opinion, even on important 
points, but ihere can be no difficulty in drawing 
safe and wise conclusions. 
take off many large limbs. In many orchards large 
limbs had heen taken off bv the axe previously, and 
he always noticed that limbs removed in the winter 
or early in the spring healed badly, often causing 
rot; white those taken off when the loaves were out 
healed rapidly, forming a lip ot bark around the 
wound, and apparently without injury to the tree. 
Mr. Bfcl/WANtJER had found the latter part of win¬ 
ter the best, time to prune. Tne wound then be¬ 
comes calloused, and there is no bleeding: but later 
in the season, wuen the buds begin to swell, if limbs 
are removed, bleeding often results and tne wood 
becomes injured and often rots. If trees are pruned 
when in leaf, growth is arrested for the season. 
Mr. Ftsu agreed with the previous speaker, and 
recommended pruning in the winter. 
Mr. Sharp, the year before last, trimmed a pear 
orchard early, aud got a good growth. Last year a 
part was trimmed early and a part late, and that 
pruned late made but little growth during the 
summer. 
I!. N. Lang worthy bad found that pruning pear 
trees when growing always checks and often stops 
growth altogether. If large linibs are taken off old 
trees about the first of April, bleeding ensues aud 
the wood decays; but if done in April, the wood 
seasons before the sap moves, aud remains sound. 
Mr. Hooker agreed wilh Air. Langworthy and Mr. 
Ellwanger, and thought the best time for removing 
trees was the present, or about the middle of winter. 
t> rapes. 
VI.— What are the best 6 two Ion of drapes for family use, 
and which are the best 2 for vineyard purposes ? 
Air. Knox had found, among the new varieties 
which he had tried, three which gave entire satis¬ 
faction— Hartford Prolific; Delaware, and Concord, 
in a vine for general culture, we need two things — 
freedom from disease, in vine and fruit, and early 
ripening. Hartford Prolific and Concord are free 
from disease in the vine, never mildew, and the 
fruit is free from any disease. The Delaware mil¬ 
dews somewhat. We want early ripening, so as to 
be out of the way of frost The grapes of Kelly 
Island are very popular, because they are obtained 
fully ripe. The soil is calcareous, and the season 
long. Such soils can be obtained, and if we had 
grapes that would ripen early, wo would have all 
the advantages of that f ivOml locality. The Con¬ 
cord is a splendid grape, but be watched the ripeu- 
ing with lear and trembling as (he season for frost 
approached. Hartford Prolific, it was stated, drops 
from the bunches, but it does not with him. His 
crop is sold readily at twenty-five cents a pound. 
Mr. K. would not advise planting very largely of 
this variety, as Concord displaces It as soon as npe. 
The Concord will stand mure hard usage than any 
other grape, and bears well. It Is the most beauti¬ 
ful grape he had ever seen. It bears early, and 
vines the third your after planting average ton 
pounds each, which sell at from 16 to 20 cents per 
pound. Prunes by the renewal system, and plants 
the vines seven feet three inches one way by six 
feet the other, making 1,000 plants to the acre. 
Trellis eight feet high. After the third year each 
Alphonse Karr, 
Ah he Edwards, 
Alex. Bivort, 
Black Pear of Worcester. 
Bergamot Thouin, 
Belle de Moire, 
H. /.i Vaet, 
Belle C-annaise, 
Beurro I.eoa le Clere, 
lie urn' Langelier, 
Beurre d' Aremberg, 
Beurre Gris d’ Hiver, 
Beurre B&ebelier, 
Beurre Gris d’ Arner, 
BeSti des Veterans, 
B«d Sauspariel, 
Herd de Cussoi d’ Hiver, 
Chaumontcl, 
Gidette do Vaux, 
Cuvellier, 
Oalehasse Delvigne, 
Chap to], 
growing in the grounds of Eli.wangkr A Barry. 
The drawing was taken, as the engraving shows, 
when in bearing, aud gives a very good illustration 
of the pyramidal mode of training. The variety, 
Belle Lucrative, is one of the very best Autumn 
pears, the tree being hardy, vigorous and produc¬ 
tive, and the fruit the best. It succeeds well both 
on the quince and pear roots. Every pear-grower 
who has not yet planted this variety, should obtain 
it, for Spring planting. 
Notwithstanding the crusade against dwarf 
pear trees, which a few years since was originated 
and to a great extent carried on by disappointed 
cultivators, who failed through ignorance or care¬ 
lessness, every year has added to* the popularity of 
this class of trees. Even farmers are beginning to 
believe that they are competent to cultivate dwarf 
trees successfully, and it is now no strange thing for 
them to plant out many hundreds. We now present 
Our readers with a specimen tree, eight years planted, 
How to no up Wounds.— I have just cut my 
foot with an axe for the fourth time in my life, and 
yet I have never lost an hour’s work. The secret 
is in doing up the wound. 1 close up the wound in 
the blood as soon tin possible, by winding flax or tow 
around the part cut; fill that with copal varnish, and 
in eight days undo the same and find it as sound aa 
ever—A Subscriber, Huron , Wayne Go., if. Y 
This plan preserved them safely, and has never 
failed. If the plants are small. I set them close 
together in aaecuro place in September, and put a 
broad frame around them, with loose manure around 
the stocks. This answered equally as well as the 
other plan. The idea is, lo keep the sun from all 
but the foliage, which is not injured by it.” 
above hints and pursue the course they suggest, 
and 1 doubt not his ground will soon be covered 
over with a beautiful carpet of evergreen, tastefully 
ornamented with rarest luxury. Noble Hill. 
Caton, Steuben Co., N Y.. J802. 
Fried Cakes. —One pint basin of sweet milk; one 
teacup, heaping full, of butler or lard; one teaspoon 
of salt ; two eggs; nearly a teacup of hop yeast; two 
tablespoons of cinnamon. Use flour enough to mix 
to the consistency of biscuit. Let. rise till very Light, 
then knead and cut out into cakes. Let them rise 
again and then fry. These will not absorb lard 
while cooking.— Mrs. L. II. Hiuby, Piffard, N. Y. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —I observe that 
farmers and many practical fruit-growers place too 
much dependence on nurseries for their supply of 
trees. This could be altogether different—not. that 
I would depreciate the value of a nursery, for I 
believe them to be blessings to any place, county or 
State, but we are a progressive people, and, more 
than all, a fruit-growing nation. Already we have 
every facility to obtaiu trees of every quality—the 
best aud also the worst. With bad fruits we have 
no patience — so aw ay with them. Let every person 
owning a piece of land, appropriate a lot, of a hun¬ 
dred square lector mure, to the purpose of cultiva¬ 
ting fruit-trees only. Here he may have his stocks 
to graft his choice apples, to bud bis apricots, pears, 
peaches, cherries, or plums, and all other subjects of 
horticultural experiments he may wish to try. From 
this source he could obtain plants or trees when he 
finds any missing in garden or orchard. 1 lero he 
could spend many an hour of otherwise leisure 
time, in tending these objects ol’ his darting care. 
What instructions could the fathers of the rising 
generation impart to those who spoil will take their 
places! Here he could teach them the art of graft¬ 
ing, of budding, of layering, ot training, and of 
trimming, ingrafting into their rniuds a love for 
plants, a knowledge of their growth and peculiarities. 
AVe could gather here all varieties of such fruits 
as we deem suited to the locality we live in — in 
nine cases out often not to be obtained in nurseries. 
And here I would say, let all plant those kinds only 
which arc known to be tho very best suited to their 
locality, and experiment with such varieties that 
are highly recommended in another part of the laud. 
The ground he may term his “ experimental nur¬ 
sery.” I believe if the foregoing plan were move 
generally practiced, there would not be so much cry 
of * l humbug” in the trade ul fruit-trees, tree-ped- 
A. Durkes. 
Itortifultuvirt 
Nice Breakfast Buns.—T ake a quart of warm 
water, mix with it half a teacup of butter, one tea¬ 
cup of lively yeast, two teaspoons of salt, and as 
much flour as you can stir in. Set it in a warm 
place over night, and iu the morning take it out and 
knead it into biscuits; set it to rise once more, then 
bake. If all the processes are rightly gone through 
with, this will be found very light and delicate. 
advancing tlu' science of Pamol'ogy throughout the Union. 
In conjunction wilh this appointment, the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society have ordered its annuul exhibition for 
this year lo Ink" place on the same week. Mr, W, writes, 
•• we shall ilo all wo can to make the session agreeable and 
useful." Of this, no ono acquainted with the President and 
the horticulturists of Boston will entertain tho least doubt. 
We certainly anticipate a pleasant and profitable meeting. 
At the last meeting Of t.lm Association at Philadelphia, a 
General Committee was appointed for the revision of the. 
Fruit Catalogue, with power to appoint Local Committees in 
every State and Territory. It is the duty of each Local Com 
mlttee to report to the General Committee a list of fruit 
adapted to its own locality , and from these reports aud the 
present Catalogue of the Society, the General Committee is to 
report a full list of all the fruits therein named, ‘properly 
Classified and arranged, with due regard to nomenclature and 
terminology, which is to he submitted to the Society at its 
next meeting for consideration aud action. The General 
Committee consists of the following gentlemen: 
Marshall P. Wilder, Boston C. M. I Covey. Cambridge, Mass. 
P. Barry, Rochester. L. E. Herckmans, Georgia. 
.1. A. Warder, Cincinnati. Win. Reid, New Jersey, 
dm. Downing, Newburgh, J. 8. Cabot, 8&letu, Mass. 
Although the condition of tho country lias interfered with 
tiie progress of the work, the Committee, wo understand, 
have been quite active, and have received satisfactory reports 
from many Local Committees.* The Chairman has called a 
meeting of the General Committee, to bo held at Albany, at 
the time of the annual meeting of tho New York State Agri 
cultural Society. February 12th, for the purpose of examining 
Hie reports, and for consultation on some plan for the arrange¬ 
ment of the catalogue to be presented to the Society. 
Quinsy. — Every winter, for the past six or 
seven years, I have been blessed (?) with one or 
more attacks of quinsy, ami having trjod the various 
parities,” regular and irregular, with but transient 
relief, now ask some of the Rural's friends for 
help, if any one is acquainted with a remedy, will 
they not please give the same, and oblige? E, M. K., 
Franklin Square, if. Y., 1862. 
CRANBERRY CULTURE 
Milk Toast,—P lace the milk to heat, mix a tea¬ 
spoonful of flour smoothly with a tittle milk, stir it 
iu, and let it come just to a boil, with a piece of but¬ 
ter the size of an egg to a quart of milk, and some 
salt. Place your toast in a deep dish, and cover it 
with this gravy. Thin cream, omitting the butter, 
makes a nicer dish for those who are so fortunate as 
to have it to use. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:—A correspondent in 
Michigan makes some inquiries of Cranberry grow¬ 
ers, which, from u similarity of circumstances, 1 
think I am able to answer. He says ho has about 
fifteen acres of swamp laud, a rich muck from four 
to twenty feet deep, which will produce no corn and 
but little grass, on account (as the writer says) of 
its being loo cold. Such swamps as he describes 
are not generally considered rich iu this country, 
whatever they may bo iu Michigan, but richness is 
a quality not very essential to the growth of Cran¬ 
berries. 1 have such a swamp, which I attempted 
to drain for the purpose of raising grass, but with¬ 
out success,—probably for the same reasons that our 
inquirer might assign for his fruitless attempts. 
1 live in the latitude of Adrian. Mine is a black 
muck marsh, skirted by thickly timbered forests, but 
it is not a rich soil. The chances of draining the 
marsh is certainly an advantage. By means of the 
Beef Pie.— Make a nice crust, a little richer than 
tor biscuit: chop tip pieces of the boiled round of 
beef, when you have them cold; season with salt, 
pepper, and butter, and onions if you like; tine the 
basin with crust, rolled about half an inch thick; till 
the beef, moistened with gravy or water; dredge in 
a tittle flour, cover; bake half an hour. 
tilers, and nurseries generally, 
Wo*ton, Mb., January, 1802. 
We commend the above to every fruit-grower, and 
have before urged it, upon the attention of our 
readers. Every farmer and fruit-grower should 
have his reserve grounds or nursery, from which he 
can take a tree at any time. We do not think farmers 
should turn nurserymen, as they cannot do the work 
as cheap as those who make it their business; but a 
few frees, in a tittle reserve ground, every one should 
grow. The knowledge there acquired would be of 
immense advantage, and learn planters to be better 
satisfied with what they obtain from nurseries. They 
would there ascertain that some frees grow slow and 
crooked, and cannot be had of large size and good 
form; while others make a rapid, fine growth. 
A California Peak.— A pear was shown in our office 
yesterday which would be considered a pomological wonder 
in the best of our horticultural exhibitions. It wits seven 
inches in length, between sixteen und seventeen inches in 
oirtminference, and weighed three pounds aud six ounces 
when taken from the tree. This huge pear was raised OH tho 
ranciie of Sweeties and Do Long, in Morin county, California, 
about seventeen tulles from San Francisco, it was brought 
from California by Mr. K. Wood Chapin, of Wells, Fargo & 
Co.'s Express, who has with him another nearly as large. 
They were picked from the tree on the 20th day of November. 
Tho variety is tho Du cheese d' Augoulemo, ami it is a most 
magnificent specimen. At Panama. Mr. Chapin was offered 
ten dollars for it, and large offers have been made for it since 
he arrived in Massachusetts.— Mass. Spy. 
How to Cook Turnips. — Take eight medium- 
sized turnips, pare aud slice them, then put water 
just enough to cook, a lump of butter the size of a 
hen’s egg, one spoonful brown sugar, aud pepper 
and salt sufficient to season. Add the ingredients 
when you put them ou to cook.—T. K. J. 
Coloring Cochineal.—\ yill some of the Rural's 
readers please give a recipe for coloring agood bright, 
unfading cochineal red, and oblige?—P. F. Moses, 
Marathon, Mich., 1862. 
[special NOTICE.] 
Union Coffee.— In these times, when coffee is sold at prices 
placing it beyond the reach of the poor, and even tho middling 
classes, the man who can produce an agreeable substitute for 
the delicious beverage, at a reasonable price, may be properly 
regarded as a public benefactor, Our townsman, J. J. Van 
Zanot, dealer in and manufacturer of coffee and spices, has 
produced an article composed of coffee and rye, wliioh is an 
agreeable and healthy substitute for the real Java. This 
article is made from pure materials, and is free from deleteri¬ 
ous substances — as physicians attest und can he had, ready 
for boiling, at twelve cents per pound from the stores. It is a 
healthy beverage, and may be used by those who cannot use 
clear coffee without injury to tho nervous system. It is 
pleasant to the taste, many preferring it to any other cotVeo. 
Some of Our citizens add a small quantity of Java to the Uniou 
Coffee, and thus raise the grade, without materially increasing 
tho cost. It behooves all who would economise to try this 
“ Union Coffee." Tt is now sold by the leading grocers of the 
city and in many of tho towns of Western New York. Orders 
are rapidly coming In and arc being filled by Mr. Van Zandt. 
To Savf. Squashes prom Insects.— In reading a late num¬ 
ber of the Rural, I tiud a complaint against the bugs, because 
they destroy vines in the garden, and especially the Hubbard 
Squash. Now this is all useless. Let each gardener provide 
himself with boxes about one foot square, six or eight inches 
in height, one to each hill, arid put. them on when he plants, 
and I will warrant the safety of Ilia vines until they grow 
above the boxes.—W. W. F., Cussadaga, A. K, 1861. 
Everybody loves the beautiful fragrant wall¬ 
flower. But the difficulty is in keeping the plants 
over tite winter. The tops endure the winter, and 
appear green in the spring, but the stems near tho 
ground are found to be decayed from, thawing and 
freezing, and this is always the case where rite 
ground is low, or water permitted to stand on the 
surface. We have saved plants by throwing up a 
cone of earth around the stem, even covering some 
of tho lower branches. Thu following plan, pro¬ 
posed by a correspondent of the Gardener's Monthly, 
it strikes us is good: 
“ Observing several times in the spring that my 
wall-flowers, which were out through the winter, 
looked as well ill the fall at the top, and yet were 
dead, in fact, 1 was lead to examine the cause, and 
found, in evovy case, that the soft wood of the Ktatk 
warn injured by freezing aud thawing. 1 kook tho 
liint, and the next, fall, having some very line plants, 
l procured nail kegs, knocked out the ends, and 
putting a fork lull of loose titter around the stock, 
slipped the keg over the plant, driving it slightly 
into the ground, and throwing the earth around tho 
bottom to bold them securely, leaving the top open. 
covered with water. In the summer they are par¬ 
tially drained, either by the water slowly sinking, 
or by filtering slowly through some narrow boggy 
outlet,; but never so dry but that the people gather 
the coveted fruit at the expense of wet feet, as they 
pass over the spongy soil. When I first discovered 
cranberries on my marsh, it was mainly under 
water. Now that I am cultivating it, I manage the 
water iu the maimer already mentioned. Care 
should be taken not to drain too dry until the ber¬ 
ries are matured, when, for the convenience of guth- 
c’ring, it may he made passably dry. 
As to the manner of setting the plants. If there 
is any grass, 1 pare off the sod suflicientiy deep to 
secure a clean surface. 1 then make shallow drills, 
eighteen pr twenty inches apart, into which I lay 
the vines, (which usually vary from one to four feet 
in length,) covering them lightly every six or eight 
inches. Beneath these coverings the vines take 
root, and send forth new vines, which often grow 
from three to four foot, the first season. The planter 
should also select with great care his seed vines, 
from bearing plants, as there are some vines that do 
not bear. Let our Adrian friend attend to the 
I’kach Gruh.— L. M., Grand Haven, Michigan .— You will 
have to remove the earth ami dig tout the grub from the trees 
with some convenient instrument—a knife and a piece of 
stout wire will answer. After this is done, keep a watch of 
the trees, going over them two or three times in the year 
Piling tlie earth up around the trunk in a cone, so that the 
insect cannot get at the soft balk, is of some advantage, but 
there is nothing like keeping ft good look-out. 
gave it the muno by which it is kuowu. One win¬ 
ter the thermometer was thirty-three degrees below 
zero, and killed all the Isabella vines, A friend 
wrote him that he had a grape that, endured that 
winter without injury, and he obtained cuttings, 
brought them to Rochester, and named it after Gov. 
Clinton. 
Mr. Smith said the Northern Muscadine had this 
year been excellent. 
Mr. Barry, said the Rebecca, when ripe, is one of 
the very highest flavored grapes. 1)nfortuuately the 
vino is rather tender, and suffers from the sun, anil in 
some cases from the winter, but those who have a 
favorable situation should plant tho Rebecca, and 
they would have a most delicious grape. 
Mr. IIoag fruited thirty or forty varieties last sea¬ 
son. Of these he found a few very desirable. 
imiuims anti guwuwsi 
Norway Spruce.— Where can tho seed of the Norway 
8{n-uoo bo obtained; and when und how should it be sown? 
Where t-au tho trees bo obtained, and ut what price? U the 
Norway Spruce of more rapid growth than tho Balsam?— I)., 
January, 1862. 
The Norway is of more rapid growth and a much better 
tree than the Balsam. Tho latter loses its lower branches. 
Seed can be obtained of some of the large dealers, but no one 
who is not well acquainted with tile business should attempt 
to grow evergreens from seed. Young trees of all ages aud 
sizes ean be obtained very cheap of the leading nurserymen. 
[special notice.] 
Goon Cheer. — Ladies, if you are melancholy and cast 
down in your minds, use D. B. De Land & Co. ’s Chemical 
Sidcratus; it will not ouly successfully raise your bread, 
biscuit, &o., but it will thereby raise your drooping spirits, so 
that you will be better prepared to endure tho troubles and 
trials of domestic life. Gill for ttiis Saleratus where you do 
your trading, and if they have not got it, tell them they must 
get it. Most wholesale and retail dealers in the country keep it. 
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