State to Sandy Mouth, receiving re-enforcements at 1 
Mayfield. Clarkesville is fortified, to some extent, 
as it is an important key to Nashville. | 
At this point General Buell will probably co¬ 
operate, and from thence the united commands will i 
proceed to Nashville. When this point falls, the 
last hope of rebellion in Western Tennessee is 
crushed. The enemy at Columbus and Memphis 
will then evacuate their strongholds, fearful of an 
attack in the rear from the victorious forces of the 
Federal Army. The formidable torpedoes and 
chains—the expensive cannon and entrenchments 
at Columbus — all will be found useless to protect 
the rebels from the advance of the Union forces. 
Bishop Polk will find that himself, as well as Pillow, 
has thrown the earth out on the wrong side of his 
ditch. 
Some apprehensions have been felt that an attack 
upon Nashville might lie productive of much loss to 
the Federal forces. It is so situated, however, that 
it cannot long resist the Federal attack or siege. 
Should it become necessary, the supply of water 
may be cut oft', In as effectual a manner as that in 
which Price cut off Mulligan's supply at Lexington, 
for the city obtains water from the Cumberland 
river. The importance of Nashville, in a strategic 
point of view —it being the termination of the 
Nashville and Chattanooga railroad, which com¬ 
pletes the connection with Charleston and Savan¬ 
nah— renders it quite desirable that we should have 
possession of it _ 
The C'oinumud of Gen, Bnell. , 
The regular correspondent of the N. Y. Tribune 
furnishes that journal w ith a detailed statement con¬ 
cerning such portion of the Federal Army as is 
under command of Gen. Buell, in Kentucky. This 
correspondence is rendered doubly interesting by 
the fact that the North is daily anticipating an open¬ 
ing of the campaign in the “dark and bloody 
ground:" hence (he subjoined extracts, showing the 
number of regiments composing it—their agglomer¬ 
ation into divisions, and their hailing points, con¬ 
dition, discipline, i to., Ac., will prove welcome to 
out' readers. The cornpositiuu is as follows: 
Ohio —Thirty regiments of infantry, two regiments of 
cavalry, three detached companies of cavalry, and six batteries 
of artillery of six pieces each. * 
Indiana —Twenty nine regiments of infantry, one regiment 
of "cavalry, four detached companies of cavalry, and five 
butteries of artillery of six pieces each. 
Kentucky —Twenty-tltree regiments of infantry, four regi¬ 
ments of cavalry, and two batteries of artillery of six pieces 
each. 
Pennsylvania .—Three regiments of infantry, two regiments 
of cavalry, two detached companies of cavalry, ami one battery 
of artillery of six piece*. 
Illinois —Three regiments of infantry. 
Mivhigtm —'Three regiments of infantry, and one battery of 
artillery of six pieces, 
I Hsromiu —Three regiments of infantry. 
Minnesota —Two regiments of infantry, and one battery of 
artillery of six pieces. 
Tennessee 1 —Two regiments of infantry. 
I if (Ildars —One full infantry regiment, three battalions 
(forming parts of three other regiments), and three batteries 
of artillery of six pieces each. 
Thus we have: 
IX PANTRY. 
No. Keg'ts. No. Reg’ts. 
Ohio.,....30 Michigan..3 
Indiana ...29 Wisconsin.. 3 
Kentucky ... 24 Minnesota..2 
Pennsylvania. 3 Tennessee.2 
Illinois.. 3 Regulars. 2% 
Total number infantry regiments.....101>£ 
CAVALRY. 
No. Reg’ts. No. Reg'ts. 
Kentucky . 4 Ohio.. . 2 
, Pennsylvania.__2 Indiana _ 1 
Detached companies from Pennsylvania..2 
Detached companies from Ohio and Indiana...7 
Total cavalry__9 regiments and 9 companies. 
ARTILLERY. 
No. Batteries. No. Batteries. 
Ohio...6 Pennsylvania... 1 
Indiana . 5 Michigan_ 1 
Kentucky.. 2 Minnesota_1 
Regulars _3 — 
! Total number batteries___19 
Making an aggregate of about 100,000 infantry, 
1 11,000 cavalry, and 3,000 artillerists, with over 100 
| guns. 
Of these 114,000 men. about 75,000 have been 
pronounced fit for the field, and formed into brig- 
1 ades and divisions, including about 68,000 infantry, 
5,000 cavalry, and 2,500 artillerists. Of the remain¬ 
ing 39.000, probably 5,000 will yet be added to one 
or more of the divisions, and (he balance form a 
reserve, to be partly kept in a camp of instruction, 
and partly employed in guarding railroad bridges 
and crossings, preventing the rising of Secessionists 
in disloyal counties, convoying trains, Ac. The 
reserve will include about one-third of the Ken- 
1 tueky contingent, nearly half of the cavalry, some 
raw artillery, and the most recently-recruited regi¬ 
ments from Ohio and Indiana. It appears from the 
above that the cavalry arm is not proportionately 
represented nmoDg the forces that arc to take the 
field. The truth is. that for want of arms and pfofi- 
’ ciency in drill, one of the Ohio, the Indiana, and 
' the two Pennsylvania regiments, will prove a dead 
* expense to the Government. The brant of the war 
' will be over before they will be fit for field duty, and 
the best the War Department could do would be to 
1 transform them into infantry regiments. 
Of the infantry selected for active work, about 
j one-half is effective, the other only tolerably so. 
The best regiments are the 6th. 10th, 32d and 37th 
Indiana; the 1st, 2d, 60th. 10th, 24th and 41st Ohio; 
’ 1st Wisconsin, 19th and 24th Illinois. 2d Minnesota, 
! and 7th Michigan. The cavalry will prove only 
moderately serviceable. Of the artillery, about ten 
batteries are likely to perform their pun of the cam- 
j paign creditably. The remainder will be more apt 
to scare than to kill the rebels. The infantry and 
, artillery are splendidly armed. Of the cavalry, 
some portions are fully armed, others have sabers 
x and pistols, and again some have only sabers. As to 
t clothing, the troops are all well supplied. 
But whatever deficiencies there may be in drill 
» and discipline among our forces in this State, they 
- are compensated for to a great extent by the excel- 
f lent natural qualities of the material of which they 
1 are composed. I feel warranted by virtue of my 
personal acquaintance with most of the Union 
armies, in expressing the opinion that the mass of 
Washington bequeathed the flag of the Republic to us 
in trust for our children's children to the latest posterity.” 
" Our nation's banner streams upon the wind, * 
The harbinger of hope to all mankind I 
The welkin's hues were Mended in its dies, 
And all its stars wore kindled in the skies. 
It waves in triumph over land and sea ; 
Oar Father's boon — the symbol of the free !— 
Vain is the strife that would its glory dim 
While it reminds his countrymen of him." 
ROCHESTER, NT. Y„ JANUARY 25, 1862. 
THE WAR’S PROGRESS 
Western Rebel Defenses, Preparations, &c. 
A letter addressed to the Chicago Tribune 
from Nashville.* Tenn., furnishes, we are iuclined to 
think, the most minute and triistywortv account of 
the rebel means of defense in the West which has 
yet come under our notice. Though it dissipates 
some illusions which have been formed as to the 
hundreds ol thousands of men now in arms against 
their country, it is apparently free from any disposi¬ 
tion to underrate the strength or resources of those 
nowin (ho field against us: 
At Columbus.— Before the 17th of September, 
when General Polk made his advance into Ken¬ 
tucky. the insurgents had about forty-five thousand 
troops in Tennessee and Kentucky; at present they 
are believed to have about seventy-five thousand, of 
whom only two-thirds are good for anything. This 
is largely below some of the estimates which have 
been published of their strength. General Polk 
took possession of Columbus with about eighteen 
thousand men, and Bnekner advanced upon Bowl¬ 
ing Green with half that number, where he was 
joined by nearly two thousand sympathizers' from 
Kentucky. Zollicoffer had, in Eastern Tennessee 
and Kentucky, about eight thousand. Adding to 
these a few garrisons, recruits in encampments or 
organizing, and we have the aggregate, as stated 
above, at the middle of September. On General 
Johnson assuming command, be issued a requisition 
on the Governors of Tennessee and the adjoining 
States for eighty thousand additional troops. The 
mutiny which burst out at Nashville, when Governor 
Harris attempted to raise his quota by a forced levy, 
after the ordinary means had failed* is well known. 
But with live thousand men. obtained from Missouri, 
Arkansas. Alabama, and Louisiana, General Hardee 
was ordered to join Buckner at Bowling Green. 
Various other bodies were, shortly afterward, 
directed by the War Department to repair thither 
previous to the 9th of November, making at that 
time the following force: Under Zollicoffer, eight 
thousand; under Hardee and Buckner, twenty-three 
thousand; under Polk, twenty thousand nine hun¬ 
dred: other bodies, lour thousand three hundred. 
Grand total, fifty-nine thousand two hundred. Since 
the uprising of the loyalists in East Tennessee, this 
force has received some accessions of strength. Ail 
entire brigade, under General Carroll, has been 
ordered to that section. But the motley crowds 
raised by Governor Harris’ draft, and the frantic 
appeals of the pi ess, are rather a rabble than an 
army. Of the thirty thousand called out by that 
official, it is not believed one-third the number can 
be raised. A number of companies of Homo G mu ds 
have, however, been induced to repair in Columbus 
and elsewhere to defend their State: it is supposed 
that General Polk has thus been strengthened by 
about eighteen hundred men. Hardee was lately 
joined by a regiment from Louisiana, and four others 
from Alabama, uftder General Walker, are shortly 
expected at Bowling Green, besides the irregular 
militia of Tennessee, who are drawn out for service 
in that State solely. 
In these estimates the numbers of the insurgents 
have been estimated liberally, allowing seven hun¬ 
dred men to a regiment. No deduction has been 
made for the ravages of disease, which has decimated 
some of the armies of the West as well as Eastern 
Virginia. The number of sick from Hoi-dee’s 
division alone has qveraged fifteen hundred men for 
some weeks past. General Polk's division has been 
tolerably healthy. The rebel losses in battle, again, 
have been serious. In the bloody affair of Belmont 
seven hundred of them were put hors de combat. 
On the whole, it is not probable that Johnson’s 
entire force exceeds sixty thousand available men. 
The equipment of these troops is perhaps better 
than might trav e been expected. Within a few 
weeks some thousands of rifled muskets of English 
make have been distributed at Columbus and Bowl¬ 
ing Green; most of the remaining soldiers are 
armed with serviceable smooth bore United States 
muskets: but spine irregular bodies are armed with 
shot guns and such other weapons as they could 
pick tip. The cavalry is. on the whole, well mounted, 
but indifferently armed. The field artillery con¬ 
sists of live batteries under Polk, six under Hardee, 
and one each under Zollicoffer and Carroll, making 
about seventy-four guns in all, which are mostly 
smooth bores and of small calibre. Those troops 
who have long been in the service are represented 
to be pretty comfortably clothed and shod, the 
Southern people having been forced to turn their 
attention to making those indispensable articles; 
but the newly recruited men are sadly deficient. 
Whole regiments are unprovided with belts, car¬ 
tridge-boxes. and bayonet sheaths. 
The training of the rebel soldiery is wretchedly 
delective, with the exception of company drill. In 
respect to battalion maneuvers, Hardee’s troops 
are said to be the worst of all. The unruly spirit 
characteristic of the South betrays itself on all 
occasions in the want of discipline. Johnson has 
given up all idea of advancing North on this 
account; and it is believed that defeat would result 
in a total rout, owing to the incoherent character of 
the elements forming the Confederate army. The 
medical department is in a very primitive condition. 
The defenses of Columbus are stated (on belief, 
not knowledge.) as consisting of two regular bas- 
tioned forts, which mount resnectivelv eighteen and 
The people of Western New York are justly 
proud of the University of Roches for, an institution 
which has, during the few years of its existence, 
acquired a reputation that compares favorably with 
several Colleges of much longer standing. Its able 
Faculty, the judicious and enterprising management 
of its afiairs, and the location of the institution in 
the heart of a district famed for productiveness and 
the intelligence of its population, account for the 
popularity and increasing prosperity of the institu¬ 
tion. But our present purpose is to speak of the 
i Diversity Building, a fine view of which is given 
above. This building, but recently completed and 
dedicated, is named - Anderson Hall ’’ by the Trus¬ 
tees, in recognition of the services rendered by the 
President (M. B. Anderson, EL. D..) in accom¬ 
plishing the work. The design and plans of the 
building were executed by Alex. R. Esty, Esq., of 
Boston, whose original design was modified to some 
extent. In respect to interior accommodations, it 
would re difficult, to determine the various paterni¬ 
ties. The President and other members of "the 
Faculty, the Secretary and other members of the 
Board of' Trustees, studied, suggested, and com¬ 
pared views, and the fruit of ail these labors was 
cast and re-cast in the mind of the architect. 
The building stands on a gentle elevation at the 
easterly margin of the city, near the northerly side 
of grounds extending over twenty acres. From all 
the easterly approaches it is a conspicuous object, 
the New York Central Railroad curving around its 
rear, at the distance of about two hundred and fifty 
yards. From its upper windows and its roof, the 
panorama includes the city at your feet, the fertile 
farms of Brighton and Irondcquoit. three or four 
villages in the circling outline, the blue hills of 
Bristol, and the more deeply blue waters of Lake 
Ontario. In every direction, the eye falls upon 
scenes of surpassing loveliness. 
The structure is of Medina sandstone, from the 
Albion quarry, not unlike that of New Jersey and 
Connecticut, but with a warmth of coloring which 
modation. The basement story, which, except on 
the front, is entirely above ground, is ten feet in 
height; lhe main stories, beginning with the first, 
are thirteen, fifteen, and thirteen. The interior 
wood-work is'pine of the best qualify, finished in the 
natural color with oil and varnish. The floor* of 
the hall are of y ellow pine, and those of the Society 
rooms are tessellated, of oak and black walnut in 
alternate stripes. The impression of solidity and 
strength which is created by the exterior, is justified 
by the interior finish, while at the same time the 
lighter colors of the interior give it a more cheerful 
air. Besides the rooms to which we have referred, 
there are various others for Cabinets and works of 
art, with private rooms for officers—these last gen¬ 
erally in contiguity to the lecture-rooms of the 
various department.*. Use and convenience were 
carefully ahd successfully studied in all the interior 
arrangements. 
The cost of the building has been surprisingly 
low. The contract price was $34,625. .So few were 
the changes in the progress of tie* work, that the 
extras on the contract did not exceed fifty dollars. 
The additional expenses ot architect’s fees, gas- 
pipes and fixtures, furnaces and furniture, outbuild¬ 
ings. Ac., make the total expense near $40,000, 
which was the anticipated sum. f ew public build¬ 
ings. of equal magnitude and excellence, have been 
erected at so low a cost, and fewer still have been 
erected for the sum originally allotted to the work. 
The ample grounds are in process of improve¬ 
ment. The natural fertility of the soil invites an 
outlay in this direction, and the rapid development 
o! vegetation ift Western New York will ensure a 
rich growth of ornamental trees and shrubs in the 
course ot a few years. New necessities—indeed, 
necessities already existing—will demand, not long 
hence, additional buildings: and the young men Are 
now in the University, whorin their later years revisit¬ 
ing these grounds, will find them shaded with over¬ 
hanging trees, and cut by numerous pathway s leading 
to structures consecrated to Science and Religion. 
those varieties do not possess. The stoneware laid 
in parallel but irregular courses, the doors and win¬ 
dows. the corners, string-courses and cornice, all of 
dinjension-stoue, and the filling up of faced block 
work. The roof, so far as exposed to view, is of 
slate, and on the lop of metal. The gutter forms the 
upper section of the cornice, and is of heavy copper. 
The exterior, therefore, is of imperishable materials. 
The. extreme length of the building is 15(1 feet, the 
extreme breach 80. The ends project in front, and 
the center in front and rear. The ground idea of 
the style b Norman, but the genius of the architect, 
while preserving the purity of that idea, has shaped 
it to the purposes of an original conception. The 
heaviness of a large extent of wall is relieved hv the 
variety of segments and .-etui-circles in the arches, 
by the lines of numerous corners, and by the deep 
recessing of window* and doors. The roof is Man¬ 
sard, rising rapidly on a curve to the height of 
eleven feet, then •sloping rapidly to the flattened 
top. The first and abiding impression of ihe build¬ 
ing is that of rnassiv.-ness, strength, and repose. It 
incites study, and rewards it by increasing satisfac¬ 
tion. 
The building is three stories high on the front, and 
four on the ends and rear, the ground on which it 
stands favoring that, construction. The great hall, 
which is 35 by 38 feet, is entered by three doors. 
Directly before you, as you enter, is the Library, 
arched corridors turning to the right and left, and 
separating the building into front and rear sections. 
Broad staircases of solid oak lead from this hall to 
those above, and similar corridors extend in either 
direction. The Library and Chapel, the latter in 
the second story, each 34 by 58 tcer, occupy the rear 
of the center. The Society rooms are in the third 
story, and extend nearly across the ends. The Lec¬ 
ture and Recitation rooms are of various sizes, 
accommodating twenty, thirty, forty, eighty, and 
one hundred and fifty students. The building is 
designed exclusively for the public purposes of col¬ 
lege. and 350 students will find in it ample accora- 
sixteen guns en barbette , mostly 32, 34, and 42- 
pounders, with a few 8 and 9-inch Columbia*!*. 
These works cover the approaches by.land. The 
water front is protected by seven batteries, mount¬ 
ing forty-six guns, some of them 24-ponuders. 
These sweep the Mississippi channel for two miles. 
Though the works are formidable, there i* no founda¬ 
tion for the oft-repeated boast that they are impreg¬ 
nable. Next to Columbus, there are on the Missis¬ 
sippi, a battery at Hickman, Kentucky, said to 
mount ten guns; a fort near the Tennessee State- 
line and almost completed; Fort Pillow, a short 
distance below, capable, when finished, of mounting 
sixty-four guns; Fort Randolph, said to mount 
eighteen guns. 
Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers.— On the 
Tennessee and Cumberland rivers only two small 
earthworks. Forts Henry and Donelson, have been 
constructed. The former is situated on the Ten¬ 
nessee, near the State line, and is armed with six¬ 
teen guns of light calibre; but it is reported that the 
opposite hills have been fortified. Fort Donelson, 
on the Cumberland, is near Dover, and .mounts 
twelve guns. Neither is adequate to an attack by 
land forces. At Clarkesville, higher up the Cum¬ 
berland, a large body of whites and negroes is 
reported to be at work for the protection of the rail¬ 
road bridge. Some thirty guns are said to have 
arrived there. Apart from those defenses, the rebels 
have been trying their Land at sinking stone-laden 
vessels in the channels of the Tennessee and Cum¬ 
berland. Some temporary works for the protection 
of Nashville are also in progress; but the place 
cannot long hold out against a siege o» bombard¬ 
ment, on account of its situation. 
Preparation at Bo wling-Green. —The strength 
of Bowling Green is a topic of more immediate 
interest. That reported stronghold is not half so 
well fortified as Columbus. Defensive works have 
been raised on one side only of tho place, the Bar¬ 
ren river sweeping round the other three sides. On 
the 12 th uf last month there were not over forty 
guns in position at the place, and of these only six 
were heavy siege guns. But some shipments of 
large guns had lately passed through Nashville, and 
part are believed to have gone to Bowling Green. 
The field works around it are intended for only 
temporary purposes, and require a vast army to 
man them. In addition to these defects, the rebels, 
have few or no efficient artillerists, and those they have 
seldom practice target firing. Their forces are scat¬ 
tered over quite too long a front to render mutual 
support in case of disaster: and it is believed that 
an expedition of gunboats up the Tennessee would 
so completely isolate Polk's division as to render it 
practically useless for the defence of Nashville. 
ward movement of the ITnion troops in the Missis¬ 
sippi valley. It, is stated that the immediate desti¬ 
nation" of the projected expedition is Nashville, the 
Tennessee military rendezvous.. This may. how¬ 
ever. be a report designed to create apprehension at 
Columbus and Memphis, and produce a stampede 
from those points toward the interior; and. whether 
precisely true or not. the contemplated movement 
will tend to separate and scatter, to some extent, 
the rebel soldiers in that quarter. At all events, w e 
do not imagine that it is any part of the plan to allow 
Columbus to remain in the hands of the Confeder¬ 
ates, formidable ns the entrenchments of that posi¬ 
tion are represented to be. Hoarlng that Nashville 
is threatened, the rebels may consider themselves 
strong enough to spare a portion of their large gar¬ 
rison to the defence ot' that city, *iu w hich event it 
is not altogether impossible w e may hear of the 
simultaneous fall of both Nashville and Columbus. 
That Columbus is a difficult position, we can 
readily fancy, when we consider the vast amount of 
labor that has been expended to make it so; but 
that it is impregnable, we have no idea. Neverthe¬ 
less. in taking Columbus, there is a wide field lor 
the display of strategic skill, in order that the cost 
of the capture, in the way of human life, shall not 
counterbalance the value of it* possession. The 
submarine precautions ot the Confederate*, to im¬ 
pede tho progress of the gun and mortar ltoats 
down tho river, are not regarded by military men as 
presenting the obstacles claimed for them. As for 
the torpedoes placed in the channel, a raft of logs 
will dispose of them, and clear the way for the fleet 
without any vast amount of bloodshed, while the 
land forces may attain the rear ol the rebel batteries, 
and take possession by either assault or siege. 
But whatever the destination of the forces which 
are about to take up the march southw ard, we wel¬ 
come the movement most heartily. The country, it 
is idle to deny, is eminently prepared, by "vigils 
long” and a forbearing patience, to receive the 
tidings of some marked and decisive victory in the 
West. Even a defeat might be brooked as the ini¬ 
tial of a determined and vigorous fighting cam¬ 
paign. But there will be no defeats. The troops in 
this department arc numerically strong enough, and 
well enough officered and equipped, to meet and 
vanquish the insolent foe w ho oppose their arms. 
Let us believe that the time of organization, tutor¬ 
ship and preparation, is at length passed, and that 
soon will begin the hard, resolute strokes, that shall 
make rebellion quiver and shake, from Fairfax to 
Pensacola. 
Tire Situation in Kentucky. 
• The dispatches relative to the destination of the 
expedition from Cairo, aud its route of travel, have 
been conflicting—they could not well be otherwise, 
as the Government keeps its own secrets pretty w ell 
just at present, and “guessers’’ only have the 
u latest news”—but the latest received possesses a 
military probability. The intention is that the expe¬ 
dition, which is already under way. will ascend the 
A Forward Movement at the West. 
The St. Louis Hepublican, ot the 10th in*t., 
says the indications at that point, and at Cairo. 
Paducah aud Bird’s Point, confirm the advices we 
have had by telegraph, in relation to a grand for- 
