the specific gravity and prevents the access of atmos-1 
pheric air, so it will he found nearer the surface: 
so that in the spring of the year, if any branching 
takes place at a late period, it will be found to be 
entirely on the surface. 
From the above statement of facts, 1 draw this 
inference; that if a grain of wheat is deposited 
upwuids of two inches below the surface, that it has 
an extraordinary effort of nature to make, to come 
up to that point beneath the surface where it has 
access to atmospheric air; and is proportionately | 
great according to the depth, quality of the soil, 
moisture. Ac., which must oecupy a proportionable 
length of time, and consequently is equal to having 
been sown so much later, it put its proper depth. 
-• -+ - “ 
WINTER CARE OP STOCK. 
Ens. Rural Nkw-Yorkkk:— Perhaps it would 
not be unreasonable to say a word about winter care 
of horses. In canvassing for the Rural, some things 
I notice, some things I do not; and one thing is, by 
tar too many horses running in yards but partially 
protected from winds and storms, while some (not a 
few) are turned at the slack with but one feed in 
twenty-four hours, and left to grub the meadows on 
which they run for a dessert. These are things 
which always speak in thunder-tones of the neces¬ 
sity of a want of more knowledge. They tell of a 
lack ot experiments. Every careful, thinking man 
Knows from his own animal nature that comfort is 
twin brother to economy. All the artificial heat 
that can be produced lessens the amount that has 
to be created by the slow combustion of carbon in 
the blood of animals, with the oxygen of the air 
which the animal breathes. Thus we inevitably 
come to the conclusion that warm sheds, or stables, 
are indispensable to the comfort and ecouoray of the 
horse, and, in fact, all the animal kingdom. 
Very few hay and straw cutting machines are to 
be seen; far too few for the real economy of the farm¬ 
ing community. Experience is one of the best 
school-masters wc meet with through life. It is an 
axiom that to cut feed, and bruise or grind grain, 
is great economy in feeding all kinds of slock. This 
is more especially true for a horse that is used every 
day; he has much less lime to feed, and therefore, 
if fed hay and grain whole, could not consume as 
much in a given time as if cut and ground. Again, 
very few horses fed grain whole, chew it so fine but 
that more, or less is voided without their having 
received any benefit from it, as it yet remains whole. 
From a careful investigation for twelve years, 
with many notes and some experiments, 1 have set¬ 
tled upon the conviction that nearly if not quite 
two-fifths of all grain could be saved if finely ground 
and cooked before being fed. The indigent farmer 
may come forward and remark that this is too much 
labor for so small a saving. In latitude 42 (where 
I live,) we generally feed about one-baif ot the 
year; and as about an average feed of horses with 
grain is eight quarts per day, we see in one hundred 
and eighty-two days a horse would consume forty- 
five and a half bushels of grain. Now. if two-tifths 
ol this could be saved, it would reduce Iub grain to 
about twenty-seven bushels. Some farmers com¬ 
plain at the amount of labor incident to feeding cut 
feed. True, there is a little more labor, but could 
not a man afford to do some small amount of work, 
if he could reduce his expenses in feed two-fifths? 
There is another point in winter cure of horses 
which l deem very essential,—regularity in feeding. 
“Man wants but little boro below,” but he wants 
that at regular hours as much as lie needs to breathe 
regular to enjoy good health. So even with the 
lotvev order of brutes. A majority of farmers feed 
as soon in the morning as it is light enough to see. 
again at noon, and again at night; making about 
five hours between each feeding, leaving about four¬ 
teen hours, (as they sav.) for rest or sleep. We 
know cattle left to rim in pasture during summer, 
feed more during nights than day times. From 
observation, l find cattle do as well if not better by 
feeding but twice in twenty-four hours, when they 
become accustomed *to it. Let tbis be done at regu¬ 
lar hours, and a sufficient quantity given. It les¬ 
sens the farm labor some, and cattle fed so will come 
through to spring in much better condition. 
Fluvanna, N. Y., 1S62. H. A. AViuttf.more. 
__» t ^ l ♦--- 
THRASHING WITH THE FLAIL. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker;—I t may appear 
strange to the large grain farmers of Central and 
Western New York, to learn that here in cld Con¬ 
necticut, where we raise grain only to a limited 
amount, we can thrash it as economically by the 
old-fashioned Hail as with a machine. Nevertholess. 
it is even so. Allow me just to give you the figures. 
Our oats wc hire done for every tenth bushel, 
which, at present prices, (about 40 cents.) makes 4 
cents per bushel. The men that go about with a 
machine thrashing, ask 2.; and 3 cents per bushel, 
and require in addition their board, keeping for 
their horses, and usually about two hands to assist 
them. So it will be readily seen that the difference, 
if any, is really on the side of the hand-thrashing. 
This ought not to be so. Machinery, if judiciously 
managed, ought to do the work at a less expense 
than elbow grease; but these are facts with us. 
I am fully aware that this will not do in sections 
where grain is grown in large quantities, as it would 
of course be wholly impossible to get out a quantity 
soon enough; but where we raise some 200 to 500 
bushels only, and are in no hurry to get it into mar¬ 
ket, it scorns practicable. It is often the case that 
the farmer has a hired man on hand during the 
winter, without very much work except cboring. 
and this comes to fill in odd spells, or stormy weather, 
when not much could be otherwise performed to 
profit. It seems a slow way when we come to see 
one of your ten-horse circular powers shelling out 
the grain (as we have repeatedly seen it,) at the 
rate of 1,000 bushels of oats, or half that quantity of 
wheat, daily, all cleaned, and in good order for 
marketing; but then we know “circumstances 
alter cases ” in this as well as other matters. 
Salisbury, Conn.. 1862. W. J. P. 
A BAD PRACTICE. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— In traveling along 
the highways in the country, we find the habit of fill¬ 
ing up the sides of the road with all kinds of rubbish is 
still practiced by many of our farmers. When an 
orchard is trimmed, the brush are all thrown over 
the fence in the public highway, to annoy travelers, 
especially those who walk. Flow often we find 
irregular small stone heaps, and loose stones scat¬ 
tered here and there, to remind the passer-by that 
this article, too, has been added to the brush and old 
stumps to keep company, that they may not be 
lonesome. And to complete the scene, we find sun¬ 
dry old wagons, sleighs, plows, wood, and an in¬ 
definite number of old things scattered in promiscu¬ 
ous confusion in the highway, to impede the traveler, 
and convince the most incredulous that neatness 
lias not become a habit among many of our •• rural ” 
friends. 
Kind reader, I do not mention those things to find 
fault, but gently remind those Avho have indulged 
in this habit, that the road never was intended for 
such things, but for the benefit of the traveling pub¬ 
lic. When an orchard is pruned, how easy to 
gather the limbs into one, two, or more piles, and 
burn immediately, leaving a tidy appearance, and 
no shelter for mice, the great enemy to young trees. 
How easy to remove all loose stones, not needed for 
immediate use, to some by-plaeo, and pile in snug 
heaps until wanted. And how easy, if a resolution 
is made to reform, to remove every old thing from 
the road and make it look neat and commodious. 
Let all who have been guilty of tbis very untidy 
practice, begin this coming spring and bring about 
a much needed reformation. Alter yon have tried 
it one or two years and have seen the great change 
compared with the former mode, you would as soon 
throw your old trash in jouv front yard as into the 
highway. By reforming, you will accomplish a 
double work; beautifying your homes and teaching 
your children and neighbors’ children an important 
lesson—a lesson that they will never forget to prac- 
THOSE “WEIGHTY PIGS.” 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker : — I thiuk those 
« weighty pigs” of Mr. Potter, as set forth of page 
30 of the present volume, need a little more looking 
after. Suppose we reduce his statement to items, it 
will stand thus: 
POTTER IX ACCOUNT AVITTt SIX PIGS. 
To value at 0 weeks Old, $2 each .. . 5 12 00 
To oat and buckwheatno al lord. 1 :: months, one quart 
each per dav—oats 30o. anti buckwheat 38c.. (.31 
bushels, at84c.)...---. 10 00 
To oat.*, buckwheat, and pens, fur *2 mouths, one 
biMhcl each per tiny—oats 30o., buckwheat ®8c ( , 
and peas 88c. per bushel—360 bushels at 52c. per 
bushel.—.*« 18 ‘ 
Tlv 1,927 lbs pork, at 4e...*77 AS 
Bj loss to balance account..—. 132 ->S 
$209 74 $209 74 
Now. I think there must he a mistake somewhere, 
either in Mr. Potter’s statement, or in your typo, 
or in my calculations. 1 regard Mr. P.’s statement 
as of great value with reference to the various 
weighings of the hogs alive and dressed. 
Afildon, N. Y-, 1861. E. V. AV. Dot. 
guval spirit of tfte 
Sweet Butter in Winter. 
L. Palmer, Luzerne Co., Pa., writes to the 
§mp of g^riniltural £omfic,o. 
Annua! Meetings, it., of State, County and Local Societies. 
NEW YORK STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The annual meeting of the State Agricultural Society was 
held in the Assembly Chamber, at Albany, during the past 
week. lion. Gkokoe GKDDBH. of Onondaga county, President 
of the Society, in the chair. The attendance was larger than 
last year, and the proceedings worthy of more attention and 
space than we can devote to them in the present crowded state 
of our pages. 
The Treasurer submitted his Annual Report, an abstract 
of which we subjoin: 
RECEIPTS. 
To ca=h on hand at close of last year. $1,792.71 
Memberships at annual meeting... _. 4S.00 
Life memberships at different dates___ 70.00 
State appropriation for the Society. 700.00 
State appropriation for Hilary of State Entomologist 1,000.00 
Local Committee's contribution toward expenses at 
AVatertown..... 800.00 
Receipts at AVatertown Fair.... 7.909.66 
Sundries to balance of total receipts..$12,320.86 
EXPENDITURES. 
For salaries and traveling expenses...$2,865.13 
Salary of Society's Entomologist... 1,000.00 
For premiums and premium expenses of AVater¬ 
town Fair....„.. 4,722,09 
Other expenses of the Fair... 2.098.11 
Postage, incidental and various items, to balance of 
total expenditures..........)__ 12.179.54 
JU'OIIV LI-W VMWI -- J t 1*1 
lice during lilb: for children learn to imitate their American Agriculturist that to insure a thick cream. 
-i - At. i ‘ii_ntillr anrl 
parents in this respect as well as others. The prac¬ 
tice of filling the road with all kinds of refuse 
matter should be discontinued at once, and teach by 
example that the highway should he kept neatly, it 
you would make “ Home, Sweet Home,” beautiful 
and pleasant above all other places. 
Chili, N. Y , 1802. Jons L. Kk.nnell. 
--| > 4 »-•»- 
FACTS ABOUT MAKING PORK. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorkers—A s the best methods 
of fattening hogs are being discussed in your jour¬ 
nal. 1 wish to give a few items of my experience 
upon this matter, tor the benefit of Avhom it may 
concern. 
From a long series of carefully conducted experi¬ 
ments, 1 am satisfied that CO pounds ol' good com 
will make 10 pounds of pork, and the same weight 
of fine corn meal, well fermented, 1C pounds, and 
both cook-d and fermented, 20 pounds, provided 
always that the hogs are a good breed, have com¬ 
fortable quarters, aro regularly fed. and fattened 
while the weather is mild. 
Barley meal fermented will fatten hogs faster than 
anything I ever tried; but if they cannot have it all 
the time, they should have it the latter part, as they 
will not eat corn well after being fed on barley. 
Whether it will pay to grind and cook feed 
depends upon the cost of grinding and cooking, 
and the price of grain and pork, which each reader 
must determine fur himself in hisoAvn locality. My 
estimate is based upon pigs old enough to do well 
on corn or meal, say two or three months, and what¬ 
ever the pigs are worth at that time should be 
deducted from their value when killed. 
With a dairy I find if pays best to depend mainly 
upon spring pigs for making pork the lirst season, 
as milk and whey fed to pigs will produce much 
greater gain than (o old hogs. Pigs eight or nine 
months old ought to dress from 200 to 300 pounds, 
and Avill often do better than that. 
Old hogs should run in a good clover pasture 
during the summer, while the feed is good, with 
little or no grain, and Avhen they are put up in good, 
clean, well-A ontilated pens, and fed as they should 
and prevent the bitter taste which winter milk and 
butter ofteu have, the milk should bo set on the 
stove after straining, and heated thoroughly, but not 
boiled. She says the quality of the butter from 
milk so treated will be greatly improved. 
Fresh Maple Molasses. 
A correspondent of Field Notes gives the 
following:—Maple molasses, well made and put up 
in cans right from the kettle, and hermetically 
scaled, as you would can and seal fruits. Avill keep 
as fresh as when first boiled from the sap; and this 
is decidedly the best plan for keeping, as when made 
in cakes, if exposed to the air, it will lose some of 
the peculiarly delightful flavor for which it is so 
prized, and is often injured by insects. All tbis is 
obviated by canning while hot. To many families 
who do not make it on a large scale, this need be 
but little expense, as the cans that have been einp- 
lied through the winter can be used until autumn 
iruits demand them agaiD. Put up your best in this 
way. Where large quantities are made for market, 
the buyers must select and can for themselves. 
Extra Feed to Cow#. 
The old plan, says the New England Farmer , 
was to see with how little food the cows could lie 
carried through the winter. We have actually 
heard two farmers boasting of their skill in this par¬ 
ticular, but they usually lost a creature or two each, 
every spring. They seemed to consider it quite for¬ 
tunate if they only lost one or two animals. Amoug 
good farmers, the practice now is to make the cow 
eat as much as she will with good appetite. This 
we consider the most profitable mode of keeping 
neat stock. The rule will not apply to horses. 
Some persons feed cows sparingly until Avithin a 
week or two of their time of calving, and then give 
them more bay, and frequently add meal to it. This 
is a bad practice. The cow needed this generous food 
in the earlier stagesof parturition, which would have 
given both mother and calf greater groAVth and 
strength. The practice of feeding high, either just 
before or after the calf is dropped, is injurious—but 
especially afterwards, as it excites fever, the udder is 
be, Avill gain very rapidly, and generally be heavier , norc likely to be pressed with milk and swell, and 
at killing time than if fed corn all summer. the whole system is rather weakened than strength- 
llogs. if well rung, can run in an orchard Avith t,y the extra feeding. For two weeks before 
decided advantage till September, as they destroy calving the cow should lie tree, in a roomy and dry- 
many insects and worms, and afford just the kind of place, with comfortable bedding; and after calving 
manure the trees need. My orchards that hogs have should be ted sparingly for a day or two on sweet. 
been kept in. have produced three or four times as 
many apples as others of similar age, size, and 
situation. 
In regard to breed, I want a hog Veil covered 
with white hair, to enable them to stand our cold 
winds and hot, scorching suns; with a long, broad, 
deep body, short logs, small head, and a quiet dis¬ 
position, and at present I know of no breed that 
combines these qualities in so eminent a degree as 
the Chester County Whites. D. A. Lillie. 
Geneva, Illinois, 1862. 
IS THE POULTRY YARD PROFITABLE ? 
Ens. Rural New-Yorker:— Your “Reviewer,” 
in the last number of your journal, asks the above 
question, and from those Avho are disposed to 
answer it in the affirmative, he requires a “ demon¬ 
stration." My experience has not been very great, 
but I am able to give that ol about one year in 
figures. 
On the 1st of April, 1859, I bought eighteen hens 
and one cock, and kept them until the 1st of March, 
I860, a period of eleven months. The account for 
that time stands thus: 
Expense of 19 fowls, lit 25c. each.$ 4.75 
“ grain and meal fed. 26.16 
“ eggs used to set__— 1-90 
Receipts from 120 doz. eggs sold and used. 
“ “ fowls sold___ 
Profit.$14.46 
The fowls had the range, during the summer, of 
about four acres of pasture, and during the winter 
were provided with a warm hen house. From April 
to November their feed was buckwheat, about two 
bushels at a time being placed in a large box, to which 
1 hey bad access all the time. During the winter, their 
feed was corn twice a day. The coek and three of 
the hens were of the breed known as “Black 
Polands.” three more were of the “ Creole ” breed, 
and the remainder mixtures of other common 
breeds. The Polands and Creoles laid about half 
of the eggs, and manifested no disposition to sit. 
The rest hatched and raised about 75 young, and 
laid but few eggs after the month of May. The 
Creoles are as good layers as the Polands, but are a 
small fowl, and very mischievous. I give the pre¬ 
ference to the Polands, on account of their quiet 
habits. Had the month of March been added to the 
account, the comparative profit would undoubtedly 
have been greater, as in that month the most eggs 
are generally obtained, and the best price realized. 
With more care during the winter, in supplying 
lime, fresh water, gravel, and animal food. I think I 
can obtain still better results than the foregoing. 
I have often heard farmers remark, that they 
believed every dozen eggs they obtained cost ihem 
twenty-five cents. As a young and inexperienced 
farmer. I would beg leave modestly to remark, that 
with no better care bestowed upon their cattle than 
they now give to their fowls, their receipts from that 
source would be no more satisfactory. n. f. c. 
Irondequoit, N. Y., 1862. 
nutritious food, but not in large quantity. During 
the same time, the water given her should be 
slightly warm. 
Drilling in Grain, and Grain Drills. 
From an article upon this topic in the lluscon- 
sin Fanner. Ave clip the following: 
The practice of drill-sowing may truthfully be 
claimed to be as old as good English farming, and 
alter a hundred years of experience under all cir¬ 
cumstances. has constantly grown in favor, until 
few or no good farmers broadcast now in any coun¬ 
try, except in the New West, where, as yet, with 
too many at least, the object seems more to see hoAV 
many acres can be run over, instead of how many 
can be well cultivated. But even here this loose 
system is rapidly passing away, and joy go Avith it. 
Probably more new drills were bought in the West, 
and especially in Wisconsin, last season, than Avere 
in the State previously all put together. And during 
our extensive travels among the best farmers and 
farming districts last season, Ave scarcely met with 
a locality where they Avere not coming rapidly into 
favor. 
Most farmers claim that every 50 acres of wheat 
sowed Avill annually pay for a good drill. They 
talk as follows:—First, it saves one half bushel of 
seed-wheat to the acre, invariably, which on 50 
acres would be 25 bushels; which, at 80 cents per 
bushel, (low for seed-wheat,) is 320. Next, it saves 
one-fourth of the labor of putting in, as a team will 
put in from 15 to 1C acres per day with a good drill as 
easy as they will 10 to 12 with a drag, besides saving 
the expense of sowing. Thus 50 acres can be put in 
for $5 to $8 less than with a drag, and broadcast. 
Next, it will add at least two bushels per acre to the 
crop, taken as an average all through the State. 
Thus 100 bushels of wheat at 65 cents, (in the 
straw.) is $65. Which, add to the preceding $25, 
and we have $00—the full price of the best drill 
that is sold, all bought, paid for, and saved the first 
season, by any 50 acre wheat farm, (where stumps 
are not too plenty.) 
Drill-Bowing can be done just as well and evenly 
m windy weather as when still; a great desidera¬ 
tum, surely, in the West, as it tends to enable much 
earlier sowing, a3 well as much more even and 
better work. 
Drill-sowed grain grows much more evenly, for 
the reason that it is planted at a more even depth. 
It not only grows more even and uniform, but it 
groAVB larger and heavier, especially upon uplands, 
because deeper planted, and hence more moist 
during our usually dry Western summers. 
Thus, altogether, and for nearly every good and 
substantial reason that can be adduced, drill-sowing 
is decidedly preferable to the old scattering system 
of broadcasting. We are aware that some differ 
Avith us in opinion upon the entire question; but avo 
are also aAvare that there are about the same num¬ 
ber who believe in sickles, cradles and scythes, 
instead of reapers and mowers; and that Avheat 
turns to chess and horse hairs, Ac., Ac. Yet this 
necessary remnant ol old fogies do not stop, but 
only trig the wheels of progress. 
Leaving a balance in favor of the Society of_ 142 69 
The Aiuiual Report of the Executive Committee was rcaii 
by the Secretary and adopted. Among other matter* dis¬ 
cussed in litis Report are the following:—Agriculture in New 
York during the post year; Injurious Insects; Rearing of 
Sheep; Pleura Pneumonia; Agricultural Statistics, etc., etc. 
The Report will doubtless form a portion of the Society's 
Transactions. 
On motion the usual committee of twenty-four, three from 
each Judicial District, were appointed to nominate a Board of 
Officers of the Society for the ensuing year. The Committee 
subsequently made the following report: 
President —liou. Ezra Coryell. Tompkins. 
Vice Presidents — Thomas II. Failc. New York; Samuel 
Thorne. Dutchess; Herman Wendell, Albany; Oscar Granger, 
Saratoga; Joint D. Hungerford, Jefferson; Titos. ,1. Chatfield, 
Tioga; Patrick Barry, Monroe; Sarnuel AV. Johnson, Catta¬ 
raugus. 
Recording Secretory —Erastus Coming, jr., Albany. 
Con .sounding Secretary —Benjamin P. Johnson, Albany. 
Treasurer —Luther II. Tucker, Albany. 
Executive Committee —T. C. Peters, Genesee; E. Sherrill, 
Ontario; A. Hubbelt, Oneida; Clark J. Hayes, Otsego; AV. 
Newcomb, Rensselaer. 
The Society proceeded to ballot formally for the officers, 
and the nominees of the Committee were declared duly 
elected. 
A communication was presented by the President of the 
Society. Mr GBPDK6. from the State Entomologist, Dr. Fitch. 
that gentleman being prevented by illness from attending the 
meeting. The communication conveyed a paper written by 
Dr. Fitch which was read. It treated: 
Fir el. of tiie Grain Aphis. The advent of this insect was 
described as most remarkable and unprecedented. Its sud¬ 
den appearance in such vast numbers was explained, by the 
fact that Observation had shown it to bo the most prolific 
insect ever known. A single insect would produce, by suc¬ 
cessive multiplication, upward of a million in twenty days. 
All seemed to be females, ns those appearing to be males will, 
when confined in a bottle, rapidly multiply When only- 
three days old, the insect begins to produce its young. The 
grain aphis is ituw upon the grain under the suow, and only 
waiting for the influence of spring to bring it to life. 
Second. The Aimly Worm had been known before, both in 
this country und Europe. Appearing during the past year, it 
had been an object of great interest. Specimens of the worm 
had been received, with letters of inquiry, from grain growers 
in all the States, from Illinois to Massachusetts. A full 
answer had been returned to such inquiries. 
Third, The Wheal Midge had again appeared after its entire 
disappearance ill I860. Fifty-nine, per cent, of the insects 
upon grain in this country, were found to be varieties of tills 
insect.—a much larger par cent, than was found in Europe. 
No parasitic insects were found here, which destroy, as in 
Europe the wheat midge. The disappearance and re-appear¬ 
ance of the midge, was aecountod for by the alternations of 
wet and dry seasons AVben the last half of June is wet, this 
insect is to be dreaded; when dry, no danger need be appre¬ 
hended. 
The President announced that in compliance with a request 
he had made, Hon. 11emiy S. Randall had written u paper 
upon •• The Sheep of our Country,'' and although it would be 
published in full in the Transactions of the Society, yet he 
had the pleasure of saving that Mr. Randall would wad 
portions of it on the present occasion. 
Mr. Randall was then introduced. He referred to the 
fact that twenty four years since he had read a similar paper 
before the Society; and further stated the time would allow 
him now to read little more than the headings of tin; various 
topics treated in his paper. He read of Spanish Merinos; 
tiieir origin, varieties, introduction in the United States, and 
circumstances which have affected its success, comparative 
profitableness of different varieties, the proper mode of 
selecting a dock, the mode of breeding in the United States, 
and suggestions to breeders,of tine wool sheep in this coun¬ 
try. Selections only from the various topics we have named 
were read, and many tables of valuable statistics, that will 
appear in the Transactions, were only referred to. 
The subject of the location of the State Fair for 1862, for 
which there had been proposals, was referred to the Executive 
Committee. 
The show of Fruits, Grain, Dairy Products, Dressed Poul 
try. &c., was not large, but comprised some superior articles. 
The discussiou on Dogs was animated and interesting, and at 
its close resolutions were adopted in favor of a tax and appoint¬ 
ing a Committee to confer with the Legislative Committee on 
the subject. AVe have uotes of the discussion, and shall 
recur to the subject again. 
Ontario Co. Society. —At the late meeting of this Society 
the following list of officers were chosen: President — Edward 
Brunson, East Bloomfield. Vice Presidents —Billings T. 
Case, Bristol; Chas. S. Shepard, Canandaigua; Andrew Cone, 
East Bloomfield; Lewis Peek. Phelps Robert Chapin, Hope- 
well, Jedcdiah Dewey, Manchester; James O. Sheldon, 
Seneca, Orren J. Herrendeen, Farmington; Jared H. Bough- 
ton. A'ictor; George Utley. South Bristol; AVm 11. Lamport, 
Gorham; Perez Pitts, Richmond; E. F. Leach, AVest Bloom¬ 
field; AVestbrook Hoppaugh, CanaJiee, James Covil, Naples. 
Recording Secretary —J- Albert Granger, Jr. Col-responding 
Secretary —Gideon Granger. Treasurer —John II. Morse. 
Albany Co. Ag. Society. —The following gentlemen have 
been chosen officers for 1862: President — AVu.liam Tuttle, 
Coeyinaus. Vice President —Peter B. Noxon, Irelauds Cor¬ 
ners. Secretary — R H. Bingham, Albany. Treasurer— Rob¬ 
ert Harper, Albany. Directors for three years — James AV. 
Jolly, Cocymans, and Joseph Hilton, New Scotland. Direct¬ 
ors for two years —Charles Bently, AYesterlo, in the place of 
AVilliarn Tuttle, elected rresideut; John AVaggoner, Guilder- 
land, holding over for two years; John U. Booth, Bethlehem, 
und H. L. Godfrey, Albany, holding over for one year 
Oswkgo Co. Society. —The annual meeting of the Oswego 
County Agricultural Society was held pursuant to notice at 
Oswego Falls. The following officers were elected by ballot: 
President —A. G. Ft sit, Fulton. Vice Presidents —Robert 
Oliver, Oswego City; D. L, Nichols, New Haven. Secretary— 
J. U. Smith, Oswego Falls. Treasurer— 8, G. Merriam, New 
Haven. Executive Committee —John Reeves, L. A. Hovey, J. 
C. AVetls. On motion, it was resolved that the next annual 
Fair be held at Oswego Falls. 
Skankatelks Ag. Society. — The officers of this Society 
duly elected for 1862, are as follows: President — Joab L. 
Clift Vice Presidents — George EL Bentley, Edward Shep¬ 
ard. Recording Secretary — Chauncey B. Thorne. Corre¬ 
sponding Secretary —Squire M. Brown, Elbridgc. Treasurer— 
AVillium J. Townsend. Directors — John Davey, Jr., Jacob 
Alien, Dor. Austin, Jedediah Irish, S. M. Brown, AVilliam E. 
Clark. 
— Proceedings of several other Societies, prepared for this 
paper, necessarily deferred. 
JTJ 
LIST OF NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. 
Choice Flower and A'egetable Seeds—James Vick. 
Tre.es and Sin n’ - for Sale—Williams, Ramsden & Co. 
Farmer Wan ted 
Agent Wat ted -l . L. Stowell. 
Strawberry Plant- A. At Purdy. 
Flour and Grain Mills—Edward Harrison. 
®()c Hicms tHonicnscr. 
— Santa Anna is on his wav to Mexico. 
— A’enezucla is in a state of civil war again. 
— Martial law has been declared in New Mexico. 
— A new rifle armory has been started at Newark, N. J. 
— Brigandage is rapidly disappearing from the Neapolitan 
provinces. 
— Accounts from Ship Island report the health of the 
troops good. 
I 
— The State debt of Indiana is eleven million four hundred 
thousand dollar- 
— The late Col. Colt, of Hartford, is reported to have left a 
fortune Of $10,000,000. 
— A soup house is to be established at New Bedford, Mass., 
for the benefit of the poor. 
— The city of Liege has voted 64,000 francs to the erection 
of a statue of Cltnrlemange. 
— Four Federal steamers nnd three sailing vessels are now 
on the look out for the Sumter. 
— Several shocks of earthquake have recently been felt in 
Connecticut and Massachusetts. 
— The Inspector-General has condemned 20,000 uniforms 
furnished by swindling contractors. • 
— On Monday week, 25 sail vessels ran the blockade of the 
Potomac, the rebels not firing a shot. 
— Major Slcnnncr. to whom wc owe the possession of Fort 
Pickens, is rapidly recovering his health, 
— Gen Hunter lias put Kansas under martial law for the 
purpose of putting an end to jayhawking. 
— John C. Fitzpatrick, for many .years Fay Clerk in the 
United States Senate, died on the 9th inst 
— The State Auditor of Iowa reports 24 county treasurers 
in default, to the total amount of $70,075. 
— New Jersey papers are advocating the establishment of 
a United States Naval School at Perth Amboy. 
— The Hun. Carl Sehurz. px-Mjnister to the Court of Madrid, 
returned to N. V. city on Friday evening week. 
— The Wilmington (N C.) Journal says the people along 
the coast are manufacturing a great quantity of salt. 
— The feat of telegraphing through front Boston to Salt 
Lake City, without repeating, lias been accomplished. 
— Mr. Peabody, the linden banker, is about to give $600,- 
000 to establish a free home for the destitute in London. 
— Of 17,310 persons employed in the construction of the 
Roman railways, 6.7S1 are women who assist the masons. 
— Oil wells are now added to the other resources of Cali¬ 
fornia; they have been lately discovered in Santa Cruz Co. 
— The town of Pan, in the Pyrenees, is invaded this season 
by a great host of English, Russian, and American visitors. 
— A proposition has been started in Boston for the establish¬ 
ment of an institution for the relief of impoverished spinsters. 
— Most of the cannon buried by the rebels when they 
decamped from the eastern shore of Virginia, have been found. 
— A treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation, lias been 
concluded between the Hanseatic towns and the kingdom of 
Sian). 
_A very extensive bed of feldspar and quartz has been 
recently opened at Crown Point, on the shore of Lake Cham¬ 
plain. 
— The Adjutant-General of Connecticut, by order of Gov. 
Buckingham, lias issued an order to suspend drafting for the 
militia. 
_Tiie Klamath river, in the late flood, was one hundred 
ami fifty feet above low water mark. So says the Shasta (Cal.) 
Courier. 
— The total cost of engraving, numbering, and printing the 
Treasury Notes, under the acts of August last, was nearly 
$138,000. 
_Steam street cars have been in successful operation in 
San Francisco for several months—that being the first city to 
adopt them. 
— The rebel Gen. Crittenden, who had command at Mill 
Spring, lias been arrested at Montieello, Ky., for drunkenness 
and treachery. 
— Daniel AVilson. a gun captain on board the Essex at the 
capture of Fort Henry, though mortally wounded, continued 
to work his jiiece. 
— The quantity of manufactured tobacco imported into 
England last year was about 400,000 pounds less than during 
the previous year 
— Gen. McClellan last week ordered Berdan's sharpshooters 
to be furnished with one thousand Colt's rifles and one thou¬ 
sand Sharp's rifles. 
— From the effects of over labor, Secretary Stanton was 
seized with vertigo, about noou Monday week, and had to 
retire from his office. 
— Contraband g#ods, consisting of 90 fine military coats, 
were seized at Covington. Ky., last week. They had been 
sent from Cincinnati 
_TPe grand jury of Hudson county. New Jersey, have 
made a presentment of the wretched condition of the poor- 
houso in that county. 
— During 1861, 86 lives were saved at fires in London, by 
the fire-escape conductors of the Royal Society for the protec¬ 
tion of life from fires. 
— No leas than 27,000,000 cubic feet of timber are imported 
annually into Great Britain. Most of this comes from Canada 
and the United States. 
— A poor shoemaker of Brentwood, Eng., has, by the death 
of a distant relative, unexpectedly become the possessor of a 
fortune of £1,000,000. 
— Trade between Eastern A r irginia and New York has been 
resumed, and large quantities of oysters have been received 
from the loyal counties. 
— The bravo Gen. Kelly is again convalescing, and lias 
recovered so far as to be able to walk about the streets of 
AVheeliug and see Ids friends. 
— A fire at New Orleans, on the 25th, destroyed two stores 
' occupied by C. C James & Co., and H. H. Hansel! Loss 
$150,000. Insurance $20,000. 
_ The secessionists of Palmyra, Mo., have been levied upon 
! for $14,000 to repair the railroad bridges they or their com- 
i patriots completely destroyed. 
— Ohio papers announce the death of Micajab Phillips, at 
the great age of 125. He came to the AVest in 1796 with Her¬ 
man Blcnnerliasset, as his slave. 
f — At Mouud City, HI., six miles up the Ohio river from 
Cairo, is the largest military hospital iu the United States. It 
, will accommodate 1.000 patients. 
_Tha Legislative shoddy investigation committee are in 
session in New A'ork, and the testimony taken is said to 
) embrace some rich developments. 
t _ The Hlinois State Constitutional Convention has decided, 
: by an almost unanimous vote, not to make negroes a basis of 
1 apportionment the same as whites. 
— Cen. Zollicoffer leaves a large, family of children unpro- 
' rided for, and the Memphis Avalanche suggests they be 
J adopted by the State of Tennessee. 
_Mi, Van AYyek. in his report, mentions a Baptist clergy¬ 
man of New York who made a handsome little property out of 
f the Government by a horse contract, 
— The rebel Congress has passed a law forbidding news- 
■ papers printed in Secessia from publishing war news. The 
leaders are evidently getting alarmed. 
— Nineteen counterfeit and altered bank notes are described 
15 in the Boston Commercial Bulletin, having been detected in 
circulation for the week ending January 31, 
— Eliza lloskius, sister of Col. Hoskins, of the Kentucky 
s Union army, has received a handsome 9iiver tea-set from our 
soldiers, in token of her kindness as a nurse. 
