ayg%ys:- 
{I » A 
HEDGES AND HEDGE PLANTS. 
To (he following inquiry from Elbridge, Onon¬ 
daga county, we purpose to give more than a 
passing notice; for the subject is one of the most 
important that claims the attention of American 
farmers and fruit growers. 
Eds. Rural New Yorker:—W ill tor be kind enough to 
inform me through your valuable paper the comparative 
merits for a hedge of the Hawthorn and the thorn so common 
in the fields? Grows to a tree fourteen feet high; bears .ruit 
resembling small apples on outside. Inclose two wilted 
specimens of the fruit. Trees perfectly hardy; never knew 
one injured from Lost. U»'c seed of lioth kinds. Am 
curious to grow hedge of common, if as good as Hawthorn.— 
15. F. Wright. Ethridge, K. Y.. 1*61. 
The fact that we must have good farm hedges, is 
becoming apparent, and is acknowledged by most 
thinking men; tor timber is everywhere becoming 
scarce and dear, while a large extent of our 
country, and ihat the most fertile, is destitute of both 
wood and stone. Hitherto our success in the work 
has not been very flattering, though perhaps as 
much so as could be anticipated under the circum¬ 
stances. Hedge-growing belongs to a higher system 
of fanning than that universal in this country, and 
our advance has been slow but. steady. Hedges are 
not needed in a new country, and our people have 
first to feel their necessity, then learn the plants best 
adapted to the purpose in this climate, and the 
proper mode of culture. All this cannot be learned 
in a day or even in a few years, and many failures 
will of necessity be experienced before general suc¬ 
cess shall reward our efforts. Several difficulties 
stand in the way of hedge-growing, the most impor¬ 
tant of which is the impatience of our people. We 
have scores of hedges in this country, but very tew 
worthy of the name. They all show hurry, and are 
gi-eat abundance. The introduction of this thorn, 
and its improper treatment, have doubtless contrib¬ 
uted much to the disfavor with which hedging is 
often viewed by many of our countrymen. For 
even those who have fortunately succeeded in 
erecting a protective barrier with the English Haw¬ 
thorn, whether by the laborious plashing and trim¬ 
ming, or by trimming alone, have found that the 
drouths of our summers caused the leaves to fall 
from this native of a cooler and more humid clime; 
and, after mid-summer, there was little foliage, but 
a naked fence of dead looking brush. 
In taking up the trees, cut the roots with a sharp 
ax or spades not less than eighteen inches from the 
tree. They should not be forcibly pushed over to 
one side and the ether, for that injures the roots. 
If a lever is used, it must be with the greatest 
care, or the roots will be injured. The dirt should 
be shaken from the roots, and if a pond of water is 
handy, rinse carefully immediately before putting 
into the ground again. Work the loose surface soil 
in among the roots, carefully spreading all the little 
fibrous roots as nearly natural as possible, and when 
well covered, if the ground is as dry as it should be, 
Similar objections apply with great force to many of pack ir down close. When the ground gets well 
ruit our 0 wn thorns-, but there may be some among this | 
lted beautiful family which are not subject to the same 
new defect: one is well known to be tree from it, the 
Cockspur (Crater,jus crus</alii.) used extensively 
about Wilmington, Delaware—where there are some 
.. of the finest and best grown farm hedges Ihat are 
1> ' to be found on our continent. This plant is a native 
. of oiu- Middle States, and is truly beautiful, with its 
warmed, before dry weather commences, mulch with 
straw, chips or sawdust. If there is a drouth the 
second season after setting, trees are quite apt to 
die if not mulched. The tops should be cut off 
from sap-mnniug trees long enough before severe 
freezing and thawing commences to get dried over, 
or late enough to avoid the same, but it will not do 
to cut them off after the leaves have started. Cut. 
deep green and highly polished leaves, which are Maples and Ash, leaving no buds; Beech, Butter- 
long and entire, or with a finely serrated margin; 
the thorns are very long, slender, and tough; so 
that it is well adapted to the purpose.” 
PEACH CULTURE IN ST. JOSEPH, MICH. 
Advantages of Location —As will be seen by 
reference to the map, St, Joseph is located at the 
mouth of the St. Joseph River, on the south-east 
corner of Lake Michigan, having a northern and 
north-western exposure to the lake. When it is 
remembered that the uorth and north-west winds 
produce the coldest weather we have in winter, it 
will be seen that this place enjoys the benefit of the 
influence of that vast body of water, some 2()0 miles 
in length, which at such times is of necessity much 
warmer than the atmosphere, upon those winds 
which have first to pass over it; and the thmnome- 
nut, Black Walnut and Bass to a few buds. The 
leading shoot and bud ot the Bass should be left. 
The Box and June Berry should be well thinned 
out, and the form preserved. 
I cut off four Maples of the first, that had been set 
two years, to match the second lot, and they all died. 
The buds had started finely before cutting. Set out 
lots of forest trees, everybody. m. s. 
- - 
“ HONOR TO WHOM HONOR IS DUE.” 
When young trees make too strong wood, they 
should bo root-pruned; and with young trees, this 
is best done by lifting them, shortening the longest 
rools. then carefully planting them anew. All 
large trees on walls, such ns pears, which it may be 
inconvenient to lift, are best operated on by opening 
a trench a few feet from the bole, then lifting the 
roots and cutting back the strongest. 
By root-pruning we check robust growth in young 
trees, and wo bring robust unproductive trees into 
a hearing state. By operating freely on large, 
robust, unproductive trees, we stop the supply of 
nutriment, the growth of the branches is arrested, 
organizable matter accumulates, and fruit buds are 
formed. A single root-pruning will, in general, 
bring large unproductive trees into a permanently 
fruitful condition. When trees are in a good bear¬ 
ing state, they will not require root-pruning; and 
as all excessive pruning shortens the life of a tree, 
we should not do anything that would in the least 
degree affect the continued productiveness and 
longevity of the trees. With regard to orchard 
trees, we would strongly advise caution in root- 
pruning. All large, robust, unproductive trees may 
be root-pruned with advantage, but young growing 
trees should be cautiously root-pruned—just suffi- 
| ci«*nt to check robust growth—as it is better to 
wait a few years than by root-pruning to bring them 
prematurely into bearing. While striving by every 
means in our power to get well-ripened wood and 
fruitful trees, we must do nothing to enfeeble their 
constitution, as the ultimate vaue ot all orchard 
trees depend on the size, longevity, and productive¬ 
ness of the trees.— M. Baud, in London Florist. 
tall, lean things, open at the bottom, and full Of ter indicates a difference of from 15 to 20 degrees 
cans and holes. Our climate is pretty severe, and between St. Joseph and any point 25 miles from 
o X 1 , v • (* _ P x\. . i*__ TT .rxv. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— We noticed in the 
Rural of Oct. 5tli, a note on the culture of straw¬ 
berries, by L. R. V rxcENT, and be asks the question 
bow many farmers in Orleans county have beds of 
strawberries or raspberries. Now we will venture 
to say there is not one in fifty of the farmers in this 
county, or Niagara, that has a bed of either; but 
we think there will be a good many that will set- 
them out the coming spring. We know of eight or 
Jiovtinttfm-nl states. 
New Species ok Zinnia. — Among the annuals collected 
together last summer in the garden of the Royal Horticultural 
Society, at Chiswick, we noticed a new and distinct species of 
Zinnia, which may he called /.i'mia ad mi. It was said to 
he a Mexican plant, and had been received as a Ranvitalia 
from that country. Its distinguishing features were its dwarf 
7p.ow.stu Cucmoraib 
MOSS MAT-FANCY BASKET. 
Eds. Bural New-Yorker:— I take much pleas¬ 
ure iu replying to some of the inquiries in your pa¬ 
per, and have selected a Mat for “Constant Reader” 
from over a dozen varieties of knit and crochet 
ones. 
Moss Mat. — First knit a square the size you de¬ 
sire the mat, by continuing to purl one stitch and 
knit the next; always observing when you turn the 
work to pur] the stitch that was knit, and knit the 
one purled on the other side until finished. Then 
take extremely fine needles and cast on twelve 
stitches, knitting (plain) sufficient to go round tlie 
square three times—after which, without binding 
otfi dipin cold water, then press dry wilh a hot iron. 
Slip all but two stitches from the needle, and ravel 
the entire length down to the two siitches, which 
forms a heading to the moss, by which it can be 
sewed round the square, and forms an exceedingly 
pretty border. Tim mats are prettiest, in my esti¬ 
mation knit of different shades of green Shetland 
wool, or green shaded Berlin wool. 
Fancy Basket. — Form your basket of paste¬ 
board, then take pink and white tissue paper, fold it 
in strips of about three inches in wddtb, and with 
scissors cut it in the finest possible shreds. After it is 
all cut. curl by passing a knife firmly and quickly 
over a small part of it at a time until all is finished; 
then separate the strips and wind (the pink and 
white alternately) round the handle as thickly as 
possible, and sew on the basket closely. The 
basket may be filled with flowers. The paper, when 
cut fine, has a feathery appearance, and is exceed¬ 
ingly beautiful. Silyik Spray. 
.Tiuiuarv. 1362. 
jFv* 
rjS''/; 
^«eg| |gp P 
COCK-SPUR TIIOKN — CRAT.-EGUS CRUS-GALLT, 
Other plants used have not been such as would in 
bear shearing, and although doing well at first, when re 
it became necessary to stop growth by summer otl 
pruning, the leaves have fallen, and the plants St 
shown signs of feebleness or disease, Irom which they wi 
never recovered. Wo have never seemed to realize ah 
that a hedge needs good culture, and most hedges bo 
after planting have been allowed to stand their to 
chance in a hard soil among weeds and briars. A ot 
also has the effect of diminishing the 
number and intensity of frosts in 
spring, and to retard vegetation some 
A ky ten days. The putting out of fruit 
'00 buds being also proportionately rc- 
' all tarded, the damaging influences of 
the spring frosts are almost always 
av0 ><led. Therefore, the peach crop 
0^ is just as sure as any other crop. 
All crops sometimes fail. 
■ffy Advantages of Markets. — St. 
Joseph is distant from Chicago by 
water GO miles, and from Milwau- 
’0^' kee 90 miles. Between Chicago and 
St Joseph steam vessels ply daily, 
making the run in the night time. 
Peaches are, therefore, picked iu 
the afternoon, and arrive in Chicago 
early in the morning of the next 
day. The numerous railroads leading 
from Chicago to the various parts 
of Illinois and Wisconsin, and Where 
T this fruit can never be raised, and the 
Mich. Central and Mich. Southern 
into portions of Michigan and Indiana, equally bar¬ 
ren, renders Chicago equal, if not superior, to any 
other market for this commodity in the United 
States; and aft the country grows older the demand 
will, of course, increase. But they need nut depend 
alone upon Chicago; small vessels swarm the har¬ 
bor during the peach season, to supply the email 
towns on the western shore of' the lake, and a line 
of vessels plying between here and Milwaukee par- 
hedge must be kept as well cultivated for a number tially supply that city. But the demand tar exceeds 
of years as a row of corn, and be protected from the supply as yet. As more orchards come into t p c .y cou ld hold on the vines. The soil did 
the cattle in the roads and the fields, bearing, a line of steamers will be required to ply a pp ea r rich, the vines were thick in the rows, 
The thorn referred by our correspondent is the between this place and the towns and cities on the the fruit a perfect mass. M. B. Bree.ua 
CraUsgus crusgalli, and we give an engraving of a western shore oi the lake north of Chicago. 1 hus Henry Davis, 
plant as seen where it has a chance for develop- it will be seen that here is a great extent of country Orkans Co., N. Y., :sc2. 
ment. It has been used in the neighborhood of accessible by wafer communication, (which is far *■ ' • 1 
Wilmington, Delaware, with great success. In superior to any other mode of transporting this BOOT-PRUNING OF FRUIT TREE 
other places it has failed from some cause to answer delicate fruit,) dependent upon this one point 
the purpose. A. II. Ernst, of Cincinnati, tried this alone for their peaches. Having in the last number offered a few rem 
with other native thorns, and says, “trees all grew St. Joskrii and Southern Reaches in the on the spur-pruning of fruit trees, we now tak< 
finely while young: but in the process of forming Chicago Market.— The fruit regions of Southern the subject of root, pruning, which we regard as no 
the hedge, when it became necessary to bring it to Illinois, when they have a poach crop, are enabled, ot equal importance. Notwithstanding all thal 
a stationary point, by summer shearing, the leaves by means ot railroad transportation, to get peaches been written on root-pruning of late years, w 
turned yellow, and dropping off, left the plants into the Chicago market before they are ripe in St. not find it so generally attended to as it ought t 
naked of foliage after mid-summer; from these mis- Joseph; but as soon as tho SU Joseph poaches go especially on wall trees. Most, if not all, Ihe 
chievous effects it lias never recovered.” Wehavescen into the Chicago market they dvice all others out . ires in fruit tree cultuie aio owing to somet 
a great many hedges injured by severe summer prun- The difference iu distance, iu the cost and mode oi wrong at the roots. Me hear, yeat aftet yet 
ing, and there can be little doubt we will have to transportation, and in the quality and condition of fruit trees gumming, cankering, and dying off 
content ourselves with a thorough pruning in the the fruit wheu it gets into market, enables Bt. Joseph arises entirely through allowing the roots to s 
spring. to do this. St. Louis is the legitimate market for too widely and deeply into Die cold soil. 1 
The English Hawthorn has succeeded in some the Southern Illinois peaches. should we think of the plant grower who besu 
soils and situations, and under certain inodes of The Soil—Disease — Adaptation to Other much labor anil attention in tying out and trai 
treatment; but under other circumstances it has Fruits.— The soil is generally a rich gravelly and of his plants, blit paid no regard to the state o 
proved a perfect failure. We are not prepared to sandy loam. None ot the diseases which have roots or the soil.’ Me would at once say that 
advise its abandonment, nor would we encourage troubled the poach growers of older districts, have a person was ignorant of the first prinr iph 
farmers to plant it extensively. We give a portion ever made their appearance here. St. Joseph is scientific gardening. Successful plant cultiv 
of a very interesting chapter on Fencing, bv Dr. equally well adapted to the culture and maturing depends, in a great measure, on the care and s 
Warder, of Ohio: " " of that (nextto the peach) most delicious fruit, the tion given to the preparation of the soil, the draii 
« When the subject oflive fences first attracted the P ear - Considerable attention is also being given to and potting of tho plants. To succeed in fmi 
attention of farmers in this country, our European and the 5raull " r fraits ‘ „ „ cult , uro ' aUv:l >' 8 ? a ^ he ^ 
predilections very naturally induced us to look to ,0 ’ ^ 11 >V ' GcERS8ET - to ^ sfate the ™ ts m the . ? el 
the English Hawthorn ( Crutayus emjeanthus,) as Our friends in Michigan on the shores of the great the roots and leaves, the action is reciprocal. 
the plant which would be most suitable for this pur- lakes, have a fine climate for fruit; of this there can be allow the roots to strike deep into a h 
pose, and repeated attempts were made by the no question, and we are very glad to see they appre- enrifilied, strong, retentive soil, we must nat. 
earliest planters, some of whom were entirely sue- elute and are improving their great, natural advant- expect robust luxuriant growths, which will i 
cessful; others, and by far the greater number, ages. But, whether they will succeed in convincing get properly matured in our climate. And ye 
failed in effecting the object, not so much from any the people further north and west that they can common it is to see young trees in this state, 
inherent defect of the thorn, as from sheer neglect never grow fruit, and that Bt. Joseph is the center often do we see even young peach trees encon 
in its management, and often, too, where the opera- of lhc Universe, we are not so certain. to make robust shoots, which, for want of the 
tors professed to be expert English hedgers. Too -——- and warm temperature of the American sun 
general!v, the hedge was allowed, in the course of a EXPERIMENTS IN PLANTING FOREST TREES. to n P en ’ aflcr , a , fw - y, ' i ‘ rs d "‘ of canker. 
few vears, to become an irregular row of tall bushes, people say it it is no use attempting to gro 
which might make a shady lane, redolent of sweets The yirsf were Sugar Maple, set four 1 1 six inches peach in open air in this country —it reqmr 
in the blossoming spring-time, and ornamented with deeper than they grew in the forest, and tops cut aid of glass. Unsound tissue is the result of 
rich clusters of coral berries, attractive to the birds back evenly to about one-half. They lived, but did growth. If trees are allowed to grow rapidly 
in winter, beautiful to the poet at either season, but not grow thriftily until the earth around them was few years without any check, sooner or laic 
of small value as a fence, and possessing little to removed two to four inches deep, and loosened fur- evil will show itself; they may tide over a few 
attract the eye of the good farmer, as an ornamental ther around. Second lot were cut off seven feet winters, but t&e first severe one willeitherkilltf 
protection to his crops; too often, indeed, requiring a high, every bud and limb, and settwo inches deeper so completely injure them that they never do 
wooden fence or a stone wall on either side, to make than wheu growing iu the forest. Little red buds good afterward. We have this season seen him 
it all protective. started out rather latein theseason.and grewstrong of apple trees, even, which were so injured I 
There are, however, exceptions to this. In the shoots, making tops the size ot a bushel basket the frost last winter that they will never recover. 
is, they think it demands a vast amount of labor; 
but a number of my neighbors say, if they can raise , 
as fine a be«l of strawberries as Mr. Vincent says, , 
with two days labor each year, they will do it. Mr. 
V. remarks. I have set a great many to work in set- 1 
ting out. strawberry beds, to the no small gratifica- : 
tion of their wives and children. He speaks of Mr. 
II. M. Mur win, our townsman, as tho great straw¬ 
berry grower, and well he may. for .Mr. M. lias been 
in tlie business a number of years, and has done 
more to perfect this fruit than all Orleans county 
combined, He has not spared time nor money in 
preparing anil cultivating the finest sorts, both 
native and foreign. We wish every farmer in 
Orleans county would pay Mr. MtlRWTN a visit in 
strawberry time, and see some of his choice sorts. 
,We will agree to pay all expenses if they are not 
well paid. They will see a sight that will well pay 
for a drive of twenty miles. They will see the finest 
and largest strawberries that their eyes ever beheld, 
and some of the choicest and rarest flowers. Mr. M. 
has a passion far flowers, and cultivates large quan¬ 
tities, of two or three hundred varieties. Wo have 
seen thousands of bushels of strawberries, in New 
York, Boston, Richmond, and many other places, 
but we can in truth say that none were equal to 
those grown by Mr. Mu a win. 
"We liave called on Mr. Mur win once every year 
for six years, and found a decided improvement each 
year in fruit and flowers. We think if Mr. M. 
would give his mode of culture through the Rural, 
he would greatly benefit thousands of its readers. 
We remember seeing a tine bed last summer, of 
Jenny Linds, that were very large, and as thick as 
they could hold on the vines. The soil did not 
appear rich, the vines were thick in the rows, and 
the fruit a perfect mass. M. B. Breeman. 
Henry Davis. 
Orleans Co., N. Y., 1SC2. 
---- y —i ^ ,— 4 --— 
ROOT-PRUNING OF FRUIT TREES. 
Having in the last number offered a few remarks 
on the spur-pruning of fruit trees, we now take up 
the subject of root pruning, which we regard as nearly 
of equal importance. Notwithstanding all that lias 
been written on root-pruning of late years, wo do 
not find it so generally attended to as it ought to be, 
especially on wall trees. Most, if not all, the fail¬ 
ures in fruit tree culture are owing to something 
' wrong at the roots. We hear, year after year, of 
Chicago Market. —The fruit regions of Southern the subject of root, pruning, which we regard as nearly 
Illinois, when they have a peach crop, are enabled, of equal importance. Notwithstanding all that lias 
by means ot railroad transportation, to get poaches been written on root-pruning of late years, wo do 
into the Chicago market before they are ripe in St. not find it so generally attended to as it ought to be, 
Joseph; but as soon as tho St. Joseph peaches go especially on wall tree?. Most, if not all. tlie fail- 
into the Chicago market they drive all others out. ires in fruit tree culture are owing to something 
The difference in distance, in the cost and mode of wrong at the roots. We hear, year after year, of 
transportation, anil in the quality and condition of fruit trees gumming, cankering, and dying off This 
annual. We mention the plant in order to direct toward ir 
the attention of the growers of annuals. Tho Chiswick 1 
plants did not CODlf Into flower till late in the season, and 
were not very favorably placed, so that the true character of 
the plant was lial'dly developed. The plants formed indiv iilu 
ally, spreading tufted masses of about a foot in height, with 
the stems branching freely in a dichotomous manner, and the 
branrhlcts all terminated by one of the bright colored heads, 
in which the ray florets were crowded, broadly obviate, and 
Of a rich orange yellow, the disk, with its dark-tipped pointed 
scales, being of a deeper orange, and somewhat prominent.— 
Hovcy'i Magazine. 
The Tit aim so Arbutus. —Believing that in our anxiety to 
cultivate exotics we overlook many natives that are quite 
deserving a place in our collection, I venture a description of 
a little plant that 1 lmvt‘ growing on my premises, and for 
which I entertain quite a partiality. It is the Epigca. repens. 
commonly called Trailing Arbutus, or Ground Laurel—known 
in New England as May Flower. It is a prostrate or trailing, 
tmlf-slirubby plant. The main stem, petioles, and peduncles, 
bristly with rusty hairs. Leaves evergreen alternate, rounded 
heart-form, ou slender petioles; flowers white, or tinged with 
various shades of red, in small axillary and terminal dusters; 
appearing early in spring, (before the snows of winter have 
paid their last visits,) exhaling a rich Spicy fragrance. It is 
very hardy, growing 1 on sandy and often in rocky soils. 
Indeed, I lmve seen it flourishing on a rock, where it had 
insinuated its roots between the rock and a growth Of inoss. 
A very little pains will introduce a few plants into the coppice, 
or among the groups of evergreens, on the borders of the 
lawn, where they will flourish, and multiply from the self- 
sown seed, without any further trouble to the proprietor.—E. 
.1. Ferriss, Little Mountain, Lake Co., O . 1862.. 
Destruction of Plant-Lice with tiik Fumes os - Rosin.— 
M. Delaleux writes as follows to the Retme Tlorticole :—“ For 
a long time the greater part of horticulturists who occupied 
themselves with the culture of of the peach, employed, for 
the destruction of aphides which infested this tree, the fumes 
Of tobacco — an excellent method. I admit, but which has 
always appeared to mo very expensive; that method I have 
replaced with success by another, the cost of which is com¬ 
paratively insignificant. For several years l have used the 
fumes of rosin, which supplies them more abundantly than 
Ulbaoeo, and which thus far has given me results equally 
satisfactory. It suffices, l think, to point out this expedient 
to the attention of horticulturists, who should not hesistatc to 
use it, seeing the little cost of the rosin as compared to that 
of tobacco. " 
Peaches for Own a ho-Houses.— After noticing kinds that 
tlie fruit when it gets into market, enables Bt. Joseph 
to do this. St. Louis is the legitimate market for 
the Southern Illinois peaches. 
The Soil—Disease —Adaptation to Other 
Fruits. —Tho soil is generally a rich gravelly anil 
sandy loam. None of the diseases which have 
troubled the peach growers of older districts, have 
ever made tlieir appearance here. St. Joseph is 
equally well adapted to the culture and maturing 
of that (next to the peach) most delicious fruit, the 
pear. Considerable attention is also being given to 
grapes and the smaller fruits. 
February 10, 1862. li. W. Guernsey. 
Oun friends in Michigan on the shores of the great 
lakes, have afiue climate for fruit; of this there can be 
no question, and we are very glad to see they appre¬ 
ciate and are improving their great natural advant¬ 
ages. But, whether they will succeed in convincing 
the people further north and west that they can 
never grow fruit, and that Bt. Joseph is the center 
of the Universe, we are not so certain. 
-- 
EXPERIMENTS IN PLANTING FOREST TREES. 
T ue first were Sugar Maple, set four t o six inches 
deeper than they grew in the forest, and tops cut 
back evenly to about one-half. They lived, but did 
not grow thriftily until the earth around them was 
removed two to four inches deep, and loosened fur¬ 
ther around. Second lot were cut off seven feet 
arises entirely through allowing the roots to strike 
too widely and deeply into Die cold soil. What 
should we think of the plant grower who bestowed 
much labor and attention in tying out and training 
of his plants, but paid no regard to the state of the 
roots or the soil? We would at once say that such 
a person was ignorant of the first principles ot 
scientific gardening. Successful plant cultivation 
depends, in a great measure, cm the care and atten¬ 
tion given to the preparation of the soil, the drainage, 
and potting of the plants. To succeed in fruit tree 
culture, we must always pay the greatest attention 
to the state of tho roots in the soil, Ac. Between 
tlie roots and leaves, the action is reciprocal, if we 
allow the roots to strike deep into a highly 
enriched, strong, retentive soil, we must naturally 
expect robust luxuriant growths, which will never 
get properly matured in out climate. And yet how 
common it is to see young trees in this state. How 
often do we see eveu young poach trees encouraged 
to make robust shoots, which, for want of the high 
and warm temperature of tho American summers 
to ripen, after a few years die of canker. Then 
people say it it is no use attempting to grow the 
peach in open air in this country — it requires the 
aid of glass. Unsound tissue is the result of rapid 
growth. If trees are allowed to grow rapidly for a 
few years without any check, sooner or later the 
evil will show itself; they may tide over a few mild 
winters, but the first severe one willeitherkillthemor 
Peaches for Orchard-Houses.— After noticing kinds that 
failed, tho Gardener's Chronicle sajs: 
“ Sorts of peaches that have home and are bearing a full 
Crop:—Ahee, Early York, Early Savoy, Early Grosse Mignonne, 
Red Nutmeg, Grosse Mignonne, Crawford's Early, Yiolette 
Hath e. Noblesse. Early Anne. Acton Scott, Coolcdge’s Favorite, 
and Royal Charlotte. 
• These are all early ripening sorts, and reasoning a priori-, 
tlie fact supports your opinion that tlie shoots must he well 
ripened to produce fruit. The late peaches, as a rule, make 
their growth later than the early kinds, and did riot last season 
ripen their shoots. My Nectarine trees, with tlie exception of 
the Roman and Early Newington, two clingstones, and rather 
late sorts, are crowded with fruit.” 
A Sunk Garden for tender climbing plants has been made 
at liew. It was once an old gravel pit. The top of the pit 
(surface of the ground) is planted with evergreens, which 
give shelter. The sides of the pit are sloped, and the bottom 
is leveled off; and an iron pillar is placed for each climber; a 
chain is festooned from the top of each pillar, and the vines 
trained along these chains. Tlie flowering shoots droop from 
these chains every direction, and the effect is described as 
charming. _ 
How to tell Seedlings that will Produce Dor elk 
Flowers. — The journal of the Paris Horticultural Society 
states that an experienced Italian cultivator of florists' flowers, 
Signor Rigamonti, has discovered liow to distinguish between 
single and double pinks iu the seedling state. Those having, 
as usual , hut two leaves will be single, while those having three 
leaves will product double flowers. He til inks the test infallible. 
Red Camomile to Destroy Insects. —Tho Journal d' Hor¬ 
ticulture dc Belgium states that a powder made from the 
flowers of the red camomile (Pyrelhrum roseum) emits “an 
odor so strong and penetrating that it kills all the insects and 
all the venniue of which, until now, no certain agent of 
destruction has been found.'' 
CHEERY KITCHEN. 
A writer in the Country Gentleman puts in a 
plea for the kitchen: 
Very much is written and said about pleasant and 
tastefully furnished parlors, but the kitchen is left 
quite in the back ground, except as it is described 
in stories of the olden time, “with ponderous beams 
overhead, from which hung festoons of dried pump¬ 
kins, tipples, &c.” It Is too important a part ot 
home to be neglected, yet it surely is neglected. 
The parlor must be cool, and airy, and sunshiny; 
but the kitchen may be wherever there is room for 
it. with a view, from curtain loss windows, of barn¬ 
yard and woodpile—no paiut or carpet on the floor, 
no paper on the Walls—furnished with chairs and 
tallies, and also with clothes lrame and wash tubs, 
a line of dish towels over the stove, and a row of old 
hats, coats, and frocks for ornaments. This is a pic¬ 
ture of too many of our farmer's kitchens—of the 
place where we housekeepers expect to spend a con¬ 
siderable portion of our time. No wonder mothers 
look careworn, and farmers’ wives and daughters 
complain of their field of labor. No wonder that 
soiled morning dresses are seen; for clean calico, 
white collars, and smooth hair, could never feel at 
home in a dingy, cheerless kitchen; and tho man 
who will not provide a pleasant one, deserves to 
take his breakfast every morning opposite a slovenly 
looking wife. 
I think, now, of one cheerful kitchen, a simple 
one. to be sure; but the morning sun looks through 
woodbine and roses, and never goes behind tho 
western hills without giving us a good-night glance, 
and morning glories peep in and throw their 
dancing shadows on the shifting floor. The distant 
view of bills and woodlands makes many a weary 
burden light by its silent teachings. We sing in 
such a kitchen, just because we cannot help singing, 
and a sad heart has no place there. 
And now, as we shivering wrap our shawls about 
us, vainly endeavoring to convince ourselves that 
winter is not almost here, yet gladly bring our 
books and knitting work around the big cooking- 
stove for the evening, do, husbands and fathers, 
hear my humble plea in behalf of the “ su lie ring 
sisterhood,” and give us a cheery kitchen. 
-- - »- * - , 
Fvit'E Froth. — A cheap and ornamental dish. 
For one-third of a pound of rice allow one quart of 
new milk, the whiles of three eggs, threes ounces of 
loaf-sugar, finely pounded, a stick of cinnamon, or 
eight or ten drops of almond flavoring, or six or 
eight young laurel-leaves, and a quarter of a pound 
of raspberry jam. Boil the rice in a pint or rather 
less of water; when the water is absorbed add the 
milk and let it go on boiling till quite tender, keep¬ 
ing it stirred to prevent burning. If cinmtmun or 
laurel-leaves are used, boil them with the milk, and 
1 .temove them when the rice is sufficiently done; if 
essence of almonds be used for flavoring, it may be 
J. dropped among the sugar; when the rice milk is 
. cold, put it in a glass dish or china bowl. Beat up 
the egg whites and sugar to a froth, cover the rice 
with it, and stick bits of raspberry jam over the top. 
Burns os. Scalds. —As accidents from these causes 
are unfortunately of oft recurrence, and most gen¬ 
erally fall to the portion of children, a remedy at 
once simple and always at hand, producing the 
most beneficial results, cannot be too well known. 
In case, then, of an accident from fire or any scald¬ 
ing liquid, take lard and flour and make a salve, 
letting the flour form the chief part Bprcad this 
tolerably thick on pieces of linen or other rag, and 
apply to the suffering part, changing often, till ail 
the fire is drawn out. 1 once knew ot a little boy 
who was scalded on the toot, by the tipping over of 
a saucepan; this remedy was applied with almost 
instant relief from pain, and changed for fresh 
bandages about every ten minutes or less. Every 
one ought to keep this remedy in mind, and publish 
it among their friends .—Rural Register. 
United States, there are many handsome hedges of first summer. These were Maple, White Ash, and 
the English Hawthorn, which are entirely e fled live; 
and in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, as well as in 
some of the older States, there are those who have 
been so entirely successful with this plant as to feel 
perfectly satisfied with it. The English thorn, in 
the first attempts in hedging, was most commonly 
planted, because it was readily and cheaply 
obtained by importation from England. Other 
plants had then to tie grown in this country, before 
the nurserymen were able to supply the demand, as 
they have since done, with this and other plants, in 
Beech. The third were cut off nine feet, and a few 
small limbs and buds lett They grew less stocky 
and thrifty. And fourth, cut off tops the year pre¬ 
vious to removing. Of these the shoots were not so 
strong as those of the second. 
From my experience. 1 draw the following con¬ 
clusions:—To have trees do well, dig the places to 
set them—before removing—not less than two feet 
deep nor less than four feet in diameter, and fill 
again with surface soil, so that the trees when set 
will be two inches deeper than when iu the forest. 
"We strongly advise, then, that before planting 
young fruit trees, the soil should be so prepared 
that no robust growth may result; always aim at 
moderate-sized wood, which will stand a chance of 
getting ripened, particularly peach, nectarine, and 
apricot trees; by this means, and by not over-crop¬ 
ping while the trees are young, you will, in a few 
years, get a wall of well-ripened sound wood, which 
will stand any ordinary winters we may have, and 
will bear good crops regularly, with proper atten¬ 
tion, for a number of years. What a pleasure to the 
gardener! 
Carrot Coffee. — We are using carrots sliced 
thin, dried, and slightly browned, as a partial sub¬ 
stitute for coffee. We think if coffee was ever so 
Ifnnuincs ml gwWMtvs* I cheap and plenty, the above makes a richer, more 
“ _ nutritious, palatable, and healthy drink. The car- 
Stkawbbrry Planting.— l am desirous of having a straw- rots need not be pulverized. Tlie addition of from 
•rry bed, and would be greatly obliged to you, or a knowing .sixth to one-tenth coffee is an improvement, 
►rresuondent. for liiformaUtra us to tin; proper tnn* ot “ set- - , 
ng out ” the vines or plants. Also, tlie proper mode of pre- You may have published this, or something like it, 
Ud^-A *1802° ‘ ,lantiS wrsf bpf0! ' e > but its repetition may be beneficial to some. 
Set out the plants as early as you can obtain them in the d ' ' , r » , ,_ 
sandy —A SCBSCKiurt: Morgan Co., IU., 1 *02. 
spring, and you will have a crop in a little over a year from 
the time of setting. Or you can put out the plants as soon as 
the new runners are formed and well rooted next summer, 
but in that case you will not get much fruit autil the summer of 
f>3, and if the weather should prove hot and dry after planting, 
you will he apt to lose some plants, unless they are watered. 
Your very sandy soil is doubtless very poor, and you will lmve 
to enrich it. Stable manure, ashes, and swamp muck, about 
equal parts, makes an excellent compost for stub sods. Put 
straw between tlie rows as a mulch. It will keep the fruit 
clean, and acting as a mulch, prevent too rapid evaporation of 
moisture, which often results in the drying up of the fruit, so 
that scarcely half a crop is ripened. 
Sweet Potato Cakes.— Grate boiled sweet po¬ 
tatoes and mix with an equal quantity of flour, four 
ounces of butter, add salt and milk, cut out and 
bake in a hot oven, slice and butter for tea.— R. P. 
P., Durham, Greens Co., A r . F„ 1?G2. 
-« - ■»•-»- 
[Sl'ftUIAL NOTICE.] 
Read and Remember —That if you don't want to endanger 
tlie lives of yourselves and your children, use D. B. Ds Land 
& Co.'s Chemical Saleratus, instead of using the caustic, 
unhealthy, impure stuff that is so common iu tlie market. 
You may possibly save a doctor's bill by taking our advice. 
