STRAYING AND MAYING. — TITE RISING SUN 
STRAYING AND MAYING, Bj? 
Allegro._v 
To be sung rapidly, and in such a speaking manner as is adapted to narration. 
nier - ry girls a May-ing went. One morning bright and ear - ly ; The flow'rs were blooming, grass was green, The dew was bright and pearly. The wind was gentle,softand sweet, And 
love - ly maids now here and there, With baskets, crown’d with blossoms 1 hey cull’d the flow rs of white aud blue, To deck their heads aud bosoms: And sang with air of rweet content. As 
3 . With cheer-fui glee and cho - rus song, The hours were wing’d with pleasure, Some found a pe - ble, some a flow’r. Each tri - fie seem’d a treasure ; For trt-flei, light as air, can please The 
4 , But lo! the skies too soon o’cr-cast. With murky clouds was low’ring, And now the hea-vy, pattering drops Foretold a tempest pour-ing : In pan-ic then they fled a -way To 
“ This is the price of Liberty, 
‘ Eternal vigilance and care;’ 
Sustain tlie star flag of the free, 
Our Union—represented there. 
No traitor shall, with recreant hand, 
Remove it from its place on high— 
The symbol of our native land, 
Which might the world in arms defy!” 
all were fillM with joy to meet, For straying, awl Maying, For straying, ami Maying A-mid the 
thro'the winding paths they went, Still straying, and Maying, Still straying,.and Maying A-mid the 
ROCHESTER, N. Y., MAY 31, 1862, 
guileless heart, in hours of ease, While straying.and Maying, While straying, and Maying A-mid the ear - ly blooming flow'rs, A-mid the ear - ly blooming flow’rs. 
meet a-gain some otli-er day, For straying, and Maying, For straying, and Maying A-mid the ear - ly blooming flow’rs, A-mid the ear - ly blooming flow’rs 
Richmond — The “ Situation.” 
The city of Richmond by the last census, had a 
population of thirty-eight thousand souls, but the 
great influx of civil and military official refugees 
from the other parts of the State has probably raised 
it, of late, to a much higher figure. It is situated at 
the head of tide water, at the lower falls of James 
river, one hundred and fifty miles from its mouth. 
The city occupies a most picturesque situation, 
being built on Richmond and Shockoe hills, which 
are separated by Shockoe creek and surrounded by 
beautiful scenery. It is regularly laid out and well 
built, the streets, which are lighted with gas, cross¬ 
ing each other at light angles. On Shockoe hill are 
the Slate Capitol and other public buildings. The 
Capitol is an imposing edifice, and contains in its 
central hall Houdon's celebrated statue of Washing¬ 
ton. On the east side of the square is the Govern¬ 
or’s mansion, uovv occupied by the drunkard and 
traitor Letcher. Jeff. Davis resides in a private 
mansion, which was purchased for him by the rebel 
Government. The city has many tine public build¬ 
ings, six banks, thirteen newspapers, and twenty- 
three churches. In one of the three Presbyterian 
churches Jeff. Davis worships. 
The falls of James river afford immense water 
and there are very extensive factories. 
THE RISING SUN 
Slowly , y. 
AOELI 
The world with light a 
All na - ture now re 
1. Arrayed in robes of morn - ing, Ilis dai - ly course to 
2. With grateful hearts and voi - ces We hail thy kind - ly 
sun. 
praise 
i I ^ fZ-V I i + 
[From Asaph, a collection of Sacred and Secular Music, by Lowell and William Mason.] 
divisions through many a grown wood, passed many 
old-fashioned homesteads and numerous negro 
cabins. Many traces of the rebels' hasty flight from 
Williamsburg met us on the road, viz: tents hastily 
abandoned, broken trunks, carpet bags, muskets, 
dead horses, etc., etc. We marched all day until 6 
P. M., when we bivouacked in an open field, having 
made the distance of seventeen miles. On Saturday 
the weather was again very hot. Gen, McClellan, 
with his whole stall', passed our bivouac at early 
morning, riding ahead with a body of cavalry. We 
soon followed. The march was very fatiguing, the 
roads being very dusty. Still, we halted very often, 
and all kinds of reports, such as “skirmishing going 
on at the Chickahominy,” etc., etc., readied us, and 
at 2 P. M. we halted and bivouacked five miles on 
the left of WeRt, Point. At night, as tar at the eye 
could reach, camp tires were visible. It being moon¬ 
light, it was one of the grandest sights imaginable— 
the soldiers all singing patriotic songs around their 
tires. Now and then reports of victories on our 
right or left would come in, and the air resounded 
with thousands and thousands ol patriotic hurrahs. 
Sunday was kept as a day of rest, and much did the 
men need and deserve it. The excitement on Mon¬ 
day night, when news reached us that Norfolk had 
been taken and the Merrimac blown up, i3 inde¬ 
scribable. Though tattoo had sounded, the bands 
in the several regiments gave 11 s some patriotic airs, 
and it was near midnight before the thousands of 
loyal hearts retired to needed vest. 
On the 14th inst., the correspondent of the N. Y. 
Uoirmerei.nl Advertiser, writing from “ Dr. Macon’s 
Farm, near the Pamunkey river,” remarks:—This 
place is exactly twenty-one miles from Richmond, 
and was last night occupied by the retreating rebels. 
Their pickets are this evening within two miles of 
us, but constantly falling back before our advance. 
It was expected from the nature of the ground, 
which commands the road lor some distance, that 
there would be a spirited skirmish here before we 
obtained possession, but nothing of the kind occur¬ 
red, and our boys are beginning to despair of the 
rebels making auy stand in Virginia. Nothing has 
occurred to-day at this point of the advance. Since 
last Friday the enemy has been kept in sight, and 
to-day has been no exception to the rule. Wo are 
camped in good quarters on a fine old farm of 1,800 
acres, where every care has been taken to preserve 
the property of the owner, who has not left hiR place 
like the majority of the residents on our line of 
march. 
Experience of the Soldters. — None of the 
men lying around us have slept in a house for the 
last two months. Their fare is rough, but they grow 
hardy if not fat under it, and now all look forward 
to their speedy arrival in Richmond, where they 
expect to enjoy at least one day’s rest after the 
heavy marches of the past week. But much of their 
labor lies before them. 
The Roads. — Since leaving Williamsburg the 
roads have been havd and dry under a hot sun—in 
excellent condition—and the wagons could advance 
with comparative ease, but the rain of to-day, which 
threatens to continue throughout the night, also 
promises to reduce the roads to the original condi¬ 
tion of all Virginia roads—a stiff clay, which will let 
a wagon wheel down for a foot or more, arid when 
once down wilt slick to it. Still, even in such 
weather, the army is not idle; every day it presses 
the enemy more and more “ to the wall.” 
We have been 
Both forts are built of brick. The guns of Fort 
Jackson are 25 feet above the level of the river, and 
those of fit. Philip 19 feet. The guns of the outer 
batteries of both forts are 14 feet above the river. 
When the rebels took possession of these forts there 
were only 26 guns mounted, none of which were of 
larger caliber than 3'2-pounders. All the carriages 
were poor. The plans for completing these forts 
wore stolen from the Custom House at New Orleans 
just after the rebellion broke out, and the works were 
finished in accordance with the original intention. 
From center to center of the forts the distance is 
three-quarters of a mile, and the river between them 
half a mile in width. 
John IC. Duncan, who commanded these strong¬ 
holds, was born in Pennsylvania, and appointed to 
the Military Academy at West Point, from Ohio, 
lie graduated in 1849, fourth in his class. He was 
appointed to the artillery corps and stationed at 
Eastport, Me., afterwards in Texas. He received 
Lis commission, and accepted a position as Chief of 
Artillery in Wall - liberating army in Northern 
Mexico. Afterwards he became connected with 
Major-General G. W. Smith, of the rebel army, 
ex-Street Commissioner of New York, and Brig.- 
General Mansfield Lovell, also rebel, in Quitman's 
lillibustoring expedition. Next he became Smith’s 
clerk during Ins superintendence of the Marine Hos¬ 
pital at New Orleans, and when Smith vacated the 
office he succeeded him. In 1858, when New 
Orleans attempted to reform her municipal affairs 
by establishing a Vigilance Committee, Duncan was 
chosen loader of the organization. Subsequently he 
was appointed State Engineer of Louisiana, and he 
held this position up to the time when he accepted 
his General’s commission. 
most interested in the subjeet matter. To 
in time to assist McClellan, should the emergency 
require it. But it is only just that it should be 
borne in mind that Gen. McClellan no longer has 
such control ot these several detachments as will 
enable him to secure their unity of action. Each is 
an independent corps, responsible directly to the 
War Department, and acting under the orders of the 
Secretary. With what has been done upon this 
Peninsula, and what is yet to come, Gen. McClellan 
is to be accredited, but beyond that. not. A little 
consideration will show that his situation is even 
now one tasking the best efforts of generalship. He 
needs to be cautious and wary, and the country 
should be prepared to await his movements—coun¬ 
selling no haste, giving expression to no unthinking 
clamors orimpalience. Results may follow speedily; 
they may be delayed. Let us be prepared for 
either. The campaign in Virginia draws near its 
close. For months it was for the defence of our own 
Capital; now it is for the possession of that of the 
rebels. Here is progress; let it prophesy for the 
future. 
Thy Confederates are reported to have been ac¬ 
tively engaged strengthening their defences infront 
of Richmond for some weeks past, commencing the 
work ten days or a fortnight before evacuating 
Yorktown. Their fortifications extend from within 
half a mile of Richmond to a point on the Chioka- 
homiuy, fifteen miles from the city. The land in 
that vicinity is undulating, except about the river, 
where it is low and boggy, compelling the use of 
bridges of considerable length to cross the stream, 
which is 110 size in itself. It is believed that politi¬ 
cal considerations will induce them to oppose to the 
lastour entry into Richmond, though a point further 
away from the water courses would give them a 
much stronger position, when they would have no¬ 
thing to fear from our gunboats. The destruction of 
the Merrimac and our possession of James river will 
not lessen their dread of these, and for this reason 
some are inclined to believe that they will evacuate 
Virginia. But such a course would in itself be 
equivalent to a defeat. 
the people of these States, now, I earnestly appeal. 
I do not argue. I beseech you to make the argu¬ 
ments (or roumslves. You cannot., if you would, 
be blind to the signs of the times. 1 beg of you a 
calm and enlarged consideration of them, ranging, 
if it may be, far above partisan and personal poli¬ 
tics. This proposal makes common cause for a com¬ 
mon object, casting no reproaches upon any. It 
acts o6t the Pharisee. The change it contemplates 
would come gently as tho dews of Beaven, not rend¬ 
ing or wrecking anything. Will you not embrace 
it. 1 . So much good nas not been done by one effort 
in all past time, as. in the Providence of God, it is 
now your high privilege to do. May the vast luture 
not have to lament that you have neglected it. 
In witness whereof. 1 have hereunto set my hand, 
and caused the seal of the United Slates to lie 
affixed. 
Done at the City of Washington this 19th day of 
May. in the year of our Lord OUe thousand eight 
hundred and sixty-two, and of the independence of 
the United States the eighty-sixth. 
By the President, ‘ ' Abraham Lincoln. 
Wm. II. Seward, Sec. of State, 
power, 
including four cotton and about fifty tobacco facto¬ 
ries, flour mills, rolling mills, forges, furnaces, 
machine shops, Ac., the latter of which, and particu¬ 
larly the Tredegar Iron Works, have been of im¬ 
mense service to the rebels in turning out ordnance 
and material of war. The annual exports of Rich¬ 
mond before the rebellion, reached to near $7,000,- 
000, and its imports three-quarters of a million; but 
since it had the honor of being tho rebel capital, its 
foreign commerce has been extinguished. Vessels 
or gunboats drawing ton feet cun ascend to within a 
mile of the city, at a place called Rockets, from 
which the rebel capital could lie conveniently 
shelled. Vessels of fifteen feet draught can ascend 
to Warwick, three miles below. A canal has been 
built around the falls, and above them there is navi¬ 
gation for over two hundred miles. The James 
river and Kanawha canal, intended to extend to 
Covington, is completed for 200 miles. 
Richmond has very extensive railroad communi¬ 
cations, being the terminus ol five roads, running to 
Fredericksburg and the Potomac, (uow in our 
hands,) to West Point and the York river, (in our 
hands.) to Petersburg!) and Norfolk, (partly in our 
hands.) to Dansvilie, Va,, to Jackson’s river, by the 
Central Railroad, and from these, the connections 
lead all through the Southern States. Opposite the 
city are tliu two towns of Spring Hill and Man¬ 
chester. 
Richmond was founded in 1742. became the Capi¬ 
tal of the State ot Virginia in 1779, and in June, 
1861, it was made the seat of Government for the 
“ Confederate States of America,” whose Congress 
assembled there on July 20. Its history since then 
is only too familiar to the country. Around the city 
are various hills extending a great distance, on the 
most important of which fortifications were erected 
last summer, in the days of “ On to Richmond” cry. 
What, fate may now await the city depends upon 
Jeff. Davis and his army. 
Having thus given a description of the rebel capi¬ 
tal, it may be well to view the field, and each can 
then estimate the probabilities of success on our 
part, and appreciate the difficulties under which 
Maj.-Gen. McClellan must necessarily labor. Mr. 
Raymond, of the N. Y. Times , writing from the 
Federal Camp, says: 
“At a moderate estimate, the Confederates had at 
Yorktown eighty or ninety thousand men. These 
have retreated beyond the Chiokahominy; and, so 
far as can be ascertained, are now occupying the 
region lying between that river and the James, 
ready to concentrate upon Richmond, where is a 
reserve of some 10,000 men, to increase their three 
to about 100,000. To these are now to be added the 
15,000 falling laiok from Norfolk; Jackson is cred¬ 
ited with ten or fifteen thousand; 20,000 have been 
in the neighborhood of Gordonsville, under Gus- 
tavus W. Smith, and Holmes and Whiling are re¬ 
ported on the Rappahannock with 40,000 more. A 
portion of these forces may be already with the 
army from Yorktown, and I hear of Gen. Whiting 
having been in the engagement at Williamsburg.— 
But it is probable that the rebels have upward of 
175,000 men now in Virginia; so located, that with 
their control of the railroads, they can concentrate 
them in less than a day upon Richmond. 
To oppose this force, we have McClellan’s army, 
now moving toward Richmond, on a line parallel 
with the Chickahominy, on the north of that stream 
— the rebels being opposite him, on the south. 
Then we have McDowell at or near Fredericksburg, 
sixty miles to the northward; Banks at Staunton, 
one hundred and ten miles to tho north-west; and 
Burnside moving up from Suffolk, seventy or eighty 
miles to the south-east. Before each of these 
detached commands the rebels have forces holding 
them in check, and ready to withdraw at the proper 
moment upon Richmond to meet McClellan — de¬ 
stroying as they go the railroads and bridges behind 
them, and leaving the three other Generals to make 
such progress as they can toward a junction with the 
tnaiu army here. 
As Mr. Stanton assumes the direction of military 
movements, he cau doubtless tell what arrange¬ 
ments have been made lor bringing these forces on 
The Principal Barite* of the War. 
The official reports from Pea Ridge and Pitts¬ 
burg Landing enable us to show the Federal losses 
of killed and wounded in all the principal battles 
since the commencement of the war, as follows: 
Killed. Wounded. Total. 
Bull Hun. July 21. 4S‘2 1,011 1,411.3 
Springfield, August 10 263 721 984 
Ball's Bluff October 21.. . .. 
Somerset, January 10 . 39 208 247 
Roanoke Island, February 8. 50 222 272 
Fort Donclson, Fchnmrvl6_...1,000 500 1,500 
Valverda, N. M , bM.ruary 21. 02 140 202 
"Tea Ridge, Mart'll 8 . 203 972 1,175 
Hampton Roads, MarClrO. 285 50 335 
Newbrm, March 14 _ 91 466 557 
Winchester. March 23 . .. 100 300 400 
Pittsburg Landing, April 6-7_1,735 7,882 8.617 
Of those wounded at Pittsburg, it is stated that 
300 have since died, and the entire loss by this last 
battle is put down at 13,763, including the missing. 
As these figures represent only a portion of tho 
whole number on the Federal side who have fallen 
in this war. to say nothing of tho thousands who 
have died from exposure and disease, and as the 
mortality in the rebel army no doubt more than 
doubles this aggregate, (though they have not had so 
many soldiers in the field,) some imperfect data are 
at hand whereby to compute the terrible destruction 
of life among the citizens of the United States; but 
nothing upon which to calculate the stupendous 
guilt of those who were instrumental in bringing on 
the country this great calamity. That is left for 
posterity to determine. 
•Including the missing, 1,351. 
Geu. McClellan's Advance—Further Particular*. 
Wk. gather from various sources the following 
interesting details of the advance of our army under 
Maj.-Gen. McClellan: 
The correspondent of the N. Y. Express, writing 
from the “ Bivouac of the 55th N. Y. Regiment, near 
West Point. Va., May 12th,” says, although the tele¬ 
graph has given the chief particulars of the battle 
at Williamsburg, there are some incidents connected 
with it which, though of miuor importance, will 
greatly interest the friends ot those New York boys 
who heroically foil on the field of battle. As stated 
in my previous letter, the march made by our troops 
antecedent to tho battle was one of the most trying 
of the war. The rations of the men had also given 
out, and it was too much even for horse flesh, to 
bring up the food in time tor the advancing columns 
to refresh themselves before they went under fire. 
Hence, no doubt, the disadvantages under which 
Hooker’s division labored, who engaged the enemy 
from an early hour of the day until 2 F. M., when 
they were repulsed, though every man, fighting as 
he did against superior numbers, covered himself 
with glory. Gen, Peck's Brigade then came up and 
were, during more than two hours, subjected to the 
most galling fire, yet holding their ground against 
overwhelming numbers, they succeeded in steming 
the tide of the battle until the heavy re-enforcemeuts 
under Gen. McClellan coining up, a most brilliant 
victory was achieved by onr combined forces. 
When on the early morning of Tuesday we occu¬ 
pied the fields of Williamsburg, a scene presented 
itself which no one engaged in the bat tle of the day 
before can ever forget. We naturally expected to 
find the field strewn with rebel dead. This was no 
surprise to us, but, though we had heard of the 
atrocities committed by our foe upon our wounded, 
very few of us, indeed, ever placed full reliance in 
these accounts until on that Tuesday morning wo 
saw with our own eyes how true, alas! these ac¬ 
counts have been. I know at the battle ol Williams¬ 
burg the rebels in the evening broke the necks of 
two Union soldiers, who bad been wounded during 
the day. They twisted the leg off' another man, who 
had it broken already in battle. Some of our Union 
wounded we eventually saw bayoneted to a fence. 
How desperate must be the.cause which inspires its 
defenders with such diabolical passions? History 
will record, however, the most agreeable contrast of 
the manner in which their wounded are treated by 
our army. When on Tuesday last we visited their 
wounded, no distinction could bo noticed in the 
manner of their treatment and that of our own men. 
On Friday, the 9th inst., at daybreak, the “on¬ 
ward” march to Richmond began. The day was 
warm and beautiful. We left Williamsburg at about 
7 A. M., Smith’s division leading the advance, ours 
(Couch’s) following. We continued to march by 
The President on Gen. Hunter’s Order. 
Pr will be seen by the following document that 
President Lincoln repudiates the order said to have 
been issued by Major-General Hunter, commanding 
the Department of the South: 
By the President of the United States. 
A PROCLAMATION. 
Whereas, There appears in the public prints 
what purports to be a Proclamation of Major- 
General Hunter, in the words and figures fol¬ 
lowing: 
Headquarters Department or tqe Sooth, J 
Hilton Head, 3. C., May 9, 1862. J 
General Order No. 11. —The three States of Georgia, 
Florida, and South Carolina, comprising the Military Depart¬ 
ment of the South, having deliberately declared themselves 
no longer under the protection ot'the United States of America, 
and having taken up arnu against the United States, it. becomes 
a military necessity to declare them under martial law This 
was accordingly (lone, on the 2otli day of April, 1862. Slavery 
and martial law, in a free country, are altogether incoropati 
hie. The persons in these States—Georgia Florida, and South 
Carolina — heretofore held as Slaves, are, therefore, declared 
forever free. David Hunter, 
Major-General Commanding. 
E. \V. Smith, Acting Ass't Adj't-Geueral. 
And whereas, The same Is producing some 
excitement and misunderstanding, therefore I, 
Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, 
proclaim and declare that the Government of the 
United States had no knowledge or belief of an 
intention, on the part of Gen. Hunter, to issue such 
a proclamation; nur has it yet auy autlieutie inform¬ 
ation that the document is genuine; and, further, 
that neither General Hunter, nor any other com¬ 
mander, or person, has been authorized by the Gov¬ 
ernment ot the United States to make proclamation 
declaring the slaves of any State free, and that the. 
supposed proclamation now in question, whether 
genuine or false, is altogether void, so far as respects 
such declaration. I further make known, that 
whether it be competent for me, as eommander-in- 
chief of tho army and navy, to declare the slaves of 
any State or States free, and whether at any time, 
or iu any ease, it shall have become a necessity, 
indispensable to the maintenance of the Govern¬ 
ment, to exercise such supposed power, are ques¬ 
tions which, under my responsibility, 1 reserve to 
myself, and which 1 cannot feel justified in leaving 
to tho decision of commanders in the field. These 
are totally different miestious from those of police 
regulations iu armies in camps. 
On the 6th day of March last, by a special mes¬ 
sage, i recommended to Congress the adoption of a 
joint-resolution, to be substantially as follows: 
“ Unsolved, That tin- United States might to co-operate with 
any Slate which may adopt a gradual abolishment ol' Slavery, 
giving to such State an earnest expression to compensate it tor 
its inconveniences, public and private, produced by such 
change of system.” 
The resolution, in the language above quoted, was 
adopted by a large majority in both branches of 
Congress, and now stands an authentic, definite, and 
solemn proposal of the nation, to the States and 
Description of tho Forts at New Orleans. 
Fort Jackson, which is by far the stronger 
work, is a regular pentagonal bastioned fortification, 
having two fronts bearing on the river, and three on 
the land side. The land fronts have each a glacis 
aud covered way, and the channel is commanded 
by a battery of twenty-five guns. A wet ditch, from 
forty to seventy feet wide, surrounds the main work 
ou the river, aud a similar ditch, one hundred and 
fifty feet wide, the land fronts. There is also a wet 
ditch, six feet deep, and thirty feet wide, around the 
channel-bearing fronts, having each eight casement 
guns, which are the. only casemated ones in the 
work. The ditches are defended by 24-pounder 
howitzers at either flank. The parapet is carried 
across the gorge of the bastion, so that there is no 
flank parapet defense. The bastions are only 
arranged for musketry lire from the walls. The 
main work of the lower batter)' mounts, in the 
aggregate, oue hundred and twenty-five guns, of 
which one hundred bear on the channel. There 
was a one-story brick citadel within the fort, having 
two tiers of loop-holes for musketry defense, the 
walls of which are five feet thick. The entrance to 
the work is by a wooden bridge ou the west side, 
connected with a draw’ bridge ten feet wide. 
Fort St. Philip consists of a main work and two 
attached batteries, which bear respectively up and 
down the river. The principal work is irregular in 
form, having seventeen faces, it is surrounded by 
a wet ditch six feet deep, and from twenty to thirty 
feet wide. At the foot of the glacis is a ditch from 
seventy to one hundred and forty feet wide. There 
is a glacis aud covered w'ay entirely around the 
fori. Outside of the principal ditch is another, 
which was dug to furnish earth for the levee, and 
this is twenty feet wide and four feet deep. Fort 
St. Philip mounts one hundred guns, of which 
seventy-five bear on the channel. All the guns are 
mounted en barbette. The scarp works have been 
strengthened by relief arches, which are pierced 
with loop-holes for musketry. 
The Position 
detained here for the past two days by a pou ring rain, 
w'hich has made all army movements extremely dif¬ 
ficult, and this morning tho roads are so terribly cut 
up that it seems almost impossible to advance, but 
with a bright sunshine we are iu hopes that we will 
soon be on the move. 
Our position is on oue of the most beautiful 
estates in tho neighborhood; the house is placed on 
a gentle hill side, commanding a flue view of a roll¬ 
ing country. Looking from the lawn to the north¬ 
east, the prospect is eminently pleasing. About a 
mile away is the Pamunkey river, of which glimpses 
through the trees here aud there add greatly to the 
beauty of the view. The country lying between is 
well wooded, but here and there lie fields of wheat 
and clover just becoming green. To the right of 
the house Is a fine garden with roses in lull bloom, 
honeysuckles creeping over the cedars, and a great 
profusion of early flowers. It is a charming spot, 
undisturbed by the troops, for sentinels are placed 
all along the fence and at the gate. Not a rose has 
been plucked, not a vine is broken, and when walk¬ 
ing in it this morning just after sunrise, with the 
