have witnessed. In this condition they arc called 
smother-flies by the country people, and it is well 
to keep the month shut when “under the cloud.’ 
But I am gossiping, and, as I cannot enter into a 
scientific dissertation ou the various tacts, condi¬ 
tions and circumstances that govern the family, 
observed by various authors, as well as by myself, 
I must conclude this article, imperfect as it is. 
Lancaster, Pa., July, 1862. J- Stauffer- 
experience IN KEEPING POTATOES. 
Ena. Rural New-Yorkep.:— Noticing a few facts 
about potatoes in a late paper, has induced me to 
take up my pen with my gTeat rough hand, to lay 
before your readers a few facts about my potatoes. 
One of the potatoes lies on the table before me, and 
here are the facts:—About the first of last May I 
selected about hall a bushel ol large “ Western 
Reds,” cut their eyes out deeply with a pocket knife, 
buried them close by the north side ul the house, 
thinking I had invented apatent right for keeping 
potatoes fresh and nice throughout the, season, with¬ 
out the trouble of sprouting them two or three 
times, as I am usually obliged to do. About the 
first of July, those that I didn't put through my 
machine becoming wilted and scarcely eatable. 1 
told my wife I guessed we'd try some of my patent 
righted ones. So I went out to the north side of the 
house and removed the old pieces ol boards from 
the heap, that I put on to keep them moist and 
cool, and began to paw away the dirt, when, do you 
believe it, Mr. Rural? I found my potatoes com¬ 
pletely bound together in a net work of roots, many 
of them starting from the very center of the cavity 
made with the knife. 
Wo cooked a few of the best, but didn't think the 
machine had done them any particular good. I 
threw the rest of them into the old stone milk-house, 
and took no further notice of them till in the fall, 
when, to my surprise, I found them still bent on 
producing a new crop in some way, and were actu¬ 
ally being burst asunder from the center by their 
progeny, as eggs are burst by the chicks. One—and 
that the one I now have before me—had two young 
potatoes just peeping from its side, and apparently 
about half an inch in diameter. I put it into the 
cellar, and now, the old one, though perfectly sound, 
is quite withered and wrinkled, and begins to 
bIiow unmistakable symptoms of old age. while the 
second crop are growing vigorously, (considering 
the circumstances,) one being nearly out of the 
shell, and over an inch in diameter, and is actually 
sending out new sprouts for the third crop! And 
now, Mr, Rural, by way of winding up this piece, 
I will say that writing for the papers is new business 
for me, and handling this quill makes my hand ache 
worse than digging stumps and stones all day with 
the crowbar. So good bye to yon forever; but don’t 
forget to keep sending your paper to me; for I and 
my old woman take so much comfort reading it. 
Nortbville. Mich., 1862. Farmer. 
The above communication will be interesting to 
some of our readers, but those who have had much 
experience in potato growing must have observed 
the same phenomenon. We have before noticed the 
receipt of similar specimens. 
The potato is tenacious of life, exceedingly pro¬ 
ductive, and will re-produce itself under the most 
adverse circumstances. Under some conditions it 
will bear tubers on the branches above ground. If it 
is not planted in the soil, but allowed to Ho in the j 
cellar, without roots or leaves, it will make an effort 
for a crop, and often from its own body give two or 
even three small potatoes. These, ot course, live on 
the parent tuber, but we have thought, from the size 
ot the product, that they must exceed it in weight, 
but this we would not affirm. A gentleman called 
at our office last week and left with ns four small 
kidney potatoes, the growth of the present season, 
and produced tinder the following circumstances: 
Abont a quarter of an acre was planted early, but 
a portion did not come up. About the 15lh of July 
the owner determined to put in turnips where the 
potatoes had failed, and on examining the hills it 
was found that in several cases, though no signs of 
tops were apparent, there were the usual under¬ 
ground branches, and tubers of the size of but¬ 
ternuts. _ _ ^ _ 
THE CROPS EAST. 
m* 
t' £ e t p t v 
Hiving Bees — A Sw'finii Calchci’* 
In answer to inquiries in a previous number of 
the Rural, a correspondent of Tonawanda, N. Y., 
sends us a description of a Swarm Catcher, which is 
attached to the hive when a swarm is about to leave. 
It is thus described: 
« The Swarm Catcher is fastened to the old hive, 
when a swarm is ready to leave, by hooks in the 
sides and staples in the old hive, which holds it 
firmly there. At the bottom of the Swarm Catcher 
is a sliding door, which admits the bees into it. The 
sides are covered with wire cloth, to admit light to 
see them pass through. There is a door in the top 
of the Swarm Catcher, and an empty hive over the 
door, and the bees pass directly from the old hive, 
through the Swarm Catcher, into the new one. By 
this method of hiving bees there is no loss of queen 
bees; and usually, when two or more swarms are 
out at a time, they light together, hut by this method 
they are kept entirely separate. 
“ Swarms can be equalized, leaving the second or 
third swarm as large as the first Last season I had 
three swarms lrom one hive. When a good-sized 
swarm was out, I shut the sliding door and took the 
Swarm Catcher away from the old hive, and the 
beeB that escaped from the old hive returned. I did 
the same with the second and third sw arms, and the 
last swarm was as largo as the first, and wintered 
well. A boy or woman that can handle an empty 
bee hive, can hive bees as well as the most expe¬ 
rienced person.” _ 
Plenty of Honey, but no Swarms. 
■ Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —I have one hive 
of bees, and only one; and it seems that I am not 
likely to have more, unless by purchase, for my bees 
do not swarm. 
In the summer of 1860 I obtained a swarm of bees, 
and as they had been neglected I transferred them 
to a Langstrotb hive, obtaining a few pounds of 
heney the first season—perhaps fifteen pounds—but 
no swarm. This was not strange, as it was in June 
when they were procured. In 1861 they filled the 
spare honey-boxes very fast, and 1 took away sixty 
pounds, made in the small convenient boxes that go 
with the Langstroth hive. In that year I had no 
swarm; at least I think not, for I kept pretty close 
watch and saw no Bigns of swarming. The present 
summer, thus far. 1 have taken twenty-eight pounds 
of honey. There are now four six-pound boxes 
nearly sealed over, and throe four-pound boxes 
more than half full. In a week or ten days, if the 
weather is favorable for work, I shall lie able to 
take away thirty-six pounds more of honey, making 
sixty-four pounds up to the first of August. But I 
have seen no inclination to swarm. Now, I am not 
dissatisfied with my experience in bee-keeping, as 
sixty or seventy pounds of honey are very accepta¬ 
ble in my family, and about as much as I need; but 
is it not strange that my bees do not swarm? I ad¬ 
vised a brother, living in this county, to procure 
bees, lie obtained a hive, and it has produced five ] 
swarms this season. 
Ot course I could divide my bees, and perhaps 
that would be the better way; but I am content to 
let well enough alone, as I have nothing to do now 
but to supply them with empty boxes, which they 
fill very fast; and sometimes they hurry me up. 
needing boxes before I have them ready. j. 
Rochester, N. V., July, 1862. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorkkb:—I will give you my 
views of crops for the present year, as seen from the 
rail-car and private conveyance, for a few weeks 
past, in traveling as far east as Connecticut; also in 
this county. 
Notwithstanding the drouth o( May, I think the 
rains of June and July will bring crops forward, so 
that no scarcity will be felt. Grass. I think, will be 
full an average crop: wheat better than usual; rye. 
that came under my observation in Connecticut and 
Massachusetts, rather below an average; oats bid 
fair for a full crop at present—straw will not be 
long but well headed, and the present rain will be 
all that is needed to mature them. Up to the 15th 
of June I had thought that the crops would be 
short, but am very much disappointed in their rapid 
improvement The first half of last week was rainy, 
and the last three days I harvested twelve acres of 
grass (on drained land) that was first rate in quan¬ 
tity and quality for any season; think there were 
fully two tuns per acre: and bad there been the 
usual rains in May, in all probability there would 
have been a much heavier crop. As it is. I am 
highly pleased with the result of drainage. 
Wheat is nearly fit to cut in this vicinity. Corn is 
rather late, but doing well, and of good color gen¬ 
erally. Potatoes also are doing finely. We have 
had a continuous rain since last Sunday. It is now 
(Wednesday forenoon) raining quite hard; so there 
are no fears of drouth for our summer crops this 
year. On the whole, the farmers where I have 
traveled, and in this vicinity, have every cause for 
thankfulness to the Giver of all good, for His 
abundant mercies bestowed upon us the p&st sea¬ 
son; and were it not for the civil war that hangs 
like an incubus over the Nation, we should he the 
happiest people on the face of the earth. 
From the experience of the season thus far. I am 
more fully convinced that by good tillage, with ma¬ 
nuring, (whether on the surface or plowed under,) 
and thorough draining of the wet lands, the effects 
of a drouth may in a great measure be overcome. 
In fact, I much prefer a dry to a wet season for 
raising good crops. 
The season is later than usual, and but a small 
part of the grass is harvested here at this time, in 
consequence of the rain of last week and this thus 
far; hut the rains will keep the grass green and 
growing, which would have matured sooner if no 
rain had fallen; also, it will be fine for fall feed 
where the grass is already secured. 
Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y., July 22,1862. J. Talcott. 
ing, or on some cool day, and should he performed 
with all possible expedition. Honey-combs must 
not be placed in exposed situations, nor should the 
brooding chamber of movable comb hives be uncov¬ 
ered for prolonged operations during the hours 
when bees arc flying briskly. If colonies require to 
be fed, it should be dona only at night, and the feed¬ 
ing boxes should be removed early in the morning, 
to avoid attracting bees by the odor of honey. The 
entrances of the hives should likewise be contracted, 
to enable the bees the more effectually to defend 
themselves and their stores in case of attack. All 
cracks and crevices in old box or basket hives, 
through which a bee might creep, must be closed 
with soft clay or putty The greater the number of 
hives in an apiary, and the more deficient the pas¬ 
turage, the more diligent must the bee-keeper be to 
guard against robbing. 
But, in districts where buckwheat is cultivated, 
the bees have usually renewed and abundant pas¬ 
turage during a part of this month, of which they 
avail themselves with great eagerness. Where the 
supply of nectar is ample, and the weather favora¬ 
ble for gathering, it is well to remove the greater 
portion of the sealed honey, to afford the bees room 
for storing; and if they can at the same time be fur¬ 
nished with empty combs in good condition, they 
will he greatly aided in their work. Movable comb 
hives enable the tee-keeper to perform this opera¬ 
tion with great facility; and if the empty comb be 
inserted between two full ones, the re-filling will 
proceed still more rapidly. Where buckwheat pas¬ 
turage can be confidently expected, an increased 
amount of honey will bo secured if the queens are 
confined or removed about three weeks in advance, 
so as tn check the production of brood and consump¬ 
tion of honey, and also providing an increased 
number of empty cells. But this process must be 
cautiously availed of in colonies intended to be win¬ 
tered. because if the queens are kept in confinement 
too long, the hives will contain an inadequate num¬ 
ber of young and vigorous bees in the fall. On the 
other hand, it may te freely used, and with great 
advantage, in colonies intended to he broken up or 
united with others.—Bee Journal. 
Queen or No Quocn ? 
In common hives, from which the combs can 
not be lifted for examination, it is, at times, exceed¬ 
ingly difficult to ascertain, as early as is desirable, 
whether the colony has succeeded in raising a 
queen, after the old one has departed with the first 
swami. This is the case particularly where the 
beekeeper is a timid spectator, and unaccustomed 
to lifting his hives and inspecting the condition of 
the combs. Forty years ago, Knauff published the 
following method of determing the fact, and Judge 
Busch recently stated that he has frequently tried 
it, and always found it reliable: 
“ Early on the morniDg of the twenty-eighth day 
after the first swarm has issued, accompanied by the 
queen, tilt up thehive gently from one side. If the 
drones are then seen crowded together on the bot¬ 
tom board, the colony contains a fertile queen, 
engaged in supplying the cells with eggs. If the 
drones are not so seen there, the colony is queen¬ 
less. This should te done abont five o'clock on the 
morning of the specified day.” 
Judge Busch adds:—“If, after swarming, the 
parent hive be removed to a new location and the 
swarm placed in its stead, (as is my invariable 
practice.) the indication above referred to may be 
looked for at a much earlier period. The parent 
colony then loses suddenly so large a portion of its 
population, that all the royal cells, save one, are 
immediately destroyed, and the young queen will 
become fertile much sooner than it after-swarming 
be permitted. Generally, especially if the weather 
be bad, the expulsion of the drones will commence 
in about two weeks after the swarming and the 
removal of the parent hive; and if this hive be 
lifted early on the morning of the fourteenth day, 
the drones will he found crowded on the bottom 
board, it the colony has been successful in rearing 
a queen and she has become fertile. The workers 
will then no longer tolerate the drones in the upper 
part of the hive, or in the vicinity of their stores, 
hut drive them down, preparatory to their forcible 
expulsion.” 
All this is of course needless where movable 
comb hives are used; but it maybe of service to 
those beekeepers who still retain the old-fashioned 
hives. It is always important to know, at the ear¬ 
liest moment, the real condition of a colony which 
has sent forth a swarm, so that if it proves to he 
queenless, it may forthwith be supplied with eggs 
and larvae, have a sealed royal cell inserted, or be 
provided with a fertile queen from the nuclei kept 
in reserve .—Bee Journal. 
guntf Spirit of t\\* grcsis. 
Surface Manuring for Corn. 
In an article on the culture of corn, the Massa¬ 
chusetts Ploughman remarks that manures for this 
crop must work early in order to hasten the ripen¬ 
ing of the ears. But in order to do this they should 
not be buried deep, for deep burying keeps them 
cold too long, and not active enough for corn. 
Many writers have asserted that there is no risk in 
burying manures deep in the soil. They talk quite 
learnedly of the loss of ammonia when manures lie 
near enough to the surface to breathe a little. But 
manures must have some air to give them action. 
When cattle are pernfttted to beat down ^ heap of 
manure in the yard so that it cannot have air, it 
ceases to ferment, and will lie quite safe in the yard 
through the summer. Manures may be permitted 
to ferment moderately, in heaps thrown up lightly, 
before they are spread over the field. Then a har¬ 
row will bury them deep enough, in case they are 
spread over fresh furrows. They will produce tet¬ 
ter corn than they will wteD buried quite deep. 
Yet writers, who are not practical formers, are gen¬ 
erally slow in learning this. 
Another method is to dress such lands with rough 
composts. Prepare the heaps at. leisure, in the 
barn-yard. The ingredients maybe such ns these: 
Ten loads of stable dung mixed with five loads of 
clayey soil, twenty bushels of ashes, and the same 
amount of lime. After these articles have teen well 
incorporated, let the mass He for a month or two; 
then it will be ready for use. Such a compost, it is 
easy to see. will be more endnnng. and tetter in all 
respects, than the same bulk of barn-yard manure. 
It will improve the quality of land permanently, 
and will enrich it with a fertility which will be very 
lasting. On every farm of the kind here supposed, 
there should be one or more compost heaps of some 
sort constantly building. 
Cultivation of Millet. 
From an article in the Baltimore Bural Register 
we clip the following: 
Where not only a forger supply, but a variety of 
long forage is desirable, a few acres seeded to millet 
will be found to be of great advantage. Millet is 
one of the test substitutes known for a short crop of 
hay. 1 ts cultivation, nevertheless, has been strangely 
neglected, notwithstanding its well known nutritious 
qualities. One reason perhaps has been because the 
seeds scatter so freely in gathering, when the plant is 
fully ripe. A little care, however, in this respect, in 
cutting tolerably early, would avoid this difficulty. 
On soils adapted to its growth, and made rich enough, 
millet will produce heavy crops of provender, and 
makes an excellent hay. Its yield per acre,when prop¬ 
erly cultivated, will very largely exceed that of the 
test timothy—four tuns to the acre having, in some 
instances, been secured. There is another advantage 
that millet possesses which ought not to be over¬ 
looked It will grow on soils which are not well 
adapted to the grasses usually cultivated. It resists 
drouth, and all kinds of stock will eat it with a relish. 
As to Soil.—The. test soil for millet is undoubtedly 
a rich, light, deep, sandy loam, though with judicious 
cultivation, deep plowing, and complete pulveriza¬ 
tion of land, it wiU flourish on any soil, except a 
tenacious clay, that is not wet or cold. « 
Time of Seeding .—All through the month of May, 
but the earlier in the month the better. 
Quantity of Seed per Acre— For hay, one bushel 
of millet seed per acre; but for hay and seed, half a 
bushel will suffice. 
When Fit to Cut .—Whenever the ear containing 
the seed begins to turn yellow. 
Mode of Curing.—Cut one day, turn the swath the 
day following, and carefully, bo as not to scatter the 
seeds. Put up into small cocks at first, and after 
the drying process has fairly commenced, throw two 
or more cocks together, until the hay is sufficiently 
cured to haul to the barn or barrack. 
Rural Notes nnh Stems. 
Tin: Weather—Harvest—Crops. —The old adage that 
• it never rains but it pours " is on the lips of many about 
these days. It has mined almost daily, and nightly, si ncc t j )e 
10th. Indeed, between the evening of the 19th and this date 
1 29th) some four inches of water have fallen—and as wc write 
both shy and barometer indicate a continuance of wet weather 
Of course till- is very discouraging to farmers, as it greatly 
impedes harvesting. Considerable wheat has been cut in this 
region, yet the crop cau not be secured in season to prevent 
more or less injury or loss, though we have thus far heard of 
no serious damage. Fears are expressed that there will be a 
loss from wheat growing in the shock. The wheat crop is 
abundant aud of excellent quality, and it is hoped will he 
secured without material injury There is little complaint of 
the midge, though it has injured Spring wheat and late pieces 
of Winter The grain aphis is said to have destroyed, or 
materially damaged, many fields of Spring wheat. The Grass 
crop is much larger and better than was expected, the wet 
weather haring improved it wonderfully. Outs and Barley 
are both heavy crops—as good as we have had for years. 
Com is generally poor, though it looks promising on high and 
rolling aud well underdrained land Peas and Beans are 
quite promising. 
— On the whole the crop prospects are very good—above 
the average, and much better than the wisest anticipated a 
month or two ago. Though farm laborers are scarce, many 
young men in the surrounding country arc enlisting to aid in 
ending the War for the Union. By working a little harder 
themselves, and using labor-saving machinery as extensively 
a L possible, farmers can spare those who are able and willing 
to tight, and should bid them God speed. 
August Management, 
With this month, in most sections, the honey 
season closes. The tees continue to expel the 
drones, and during this period the colonies should 
be carefully supervised. Those which retain their 
drones longer than their neighbors, should be 
marked as suspicious, and an early occasion taken 
to examine them, to ascertain their condition, so 
that if found queenlees the proper means may be 
seasonably used to provide a remedy by supplying 
them with a reserve queen, or uniting them with 
some weak stock known to be sound. Care must 
also be taken to prevent robbing, to which bees are 
much prone at this time. The removal of surplus 
honey, or giving additional supplies to such as have 
insufficient stores for the winter, should be under¬ 
taken only early in the morning or late in the even- 
How to Tencli Cattle Had Habits. 
The Cazenovia Republican, truly remarks that 
we are too apt to underrate the intelligence of the 
domestic animals under our charge, and yet a 
moment’s reflection should teach every farmer that 
cows, horses, sheep and pigs are very apt pupils; 
and most farmers and formers’ boys are quite pro¬ 
ficient in teaching them to do mischief, Thus we 
find mauy persons, when turning stock into or out 
ot pasture, instead of letting down all the bars, 
leaving two or three of the lower rails in their 
place; and then, by shouting or beating perhaps, 
force the animals to leap over. This is capital 
training, the results of which are seen in the after 
disposition of animals to try their powers of jump¬ 
ing, where a top rail happens to be off, and this 
accomplished, to set all fences at defiance, and make 
a descent upon the corn or grain field, as their 
inclination, ability or hunger may prompt them. 
Another good lesson is to open a gate but a little 
way, and then, as in the case of the bars, force the 
cattle forward, and by threats and blows, compel 
them to pass through it. The result of this teaching 
is shown in the determined spirit manifested by 
some cattle to make a forcible entry into the stable, 
yards, fields, or in fact, to almost every place where 
a gate or door may, by accident, be left slightly 
open. _ 
Peas ns Fodder. 
A correspondent of the Ohio Farmer relates 
bis experience with the field pea as fodder, thus: 
During the past two years I have grown the com¬ 
mon Canada field pea, sown broadcast, and harvested 
them as fodder for cows and horses. I use from two 
to two and a half bushels of seed to the acre. I plow 
the land first as deep as I can with a good strong 
team; say seven to nine inches deep. I then 60W 
the peas, and with a one-horse plow cover them by 
plowing the land crosswise, and about four inches 
deep; when the pods become well filled, and before 
they begin to dry, I mow the crop, and gather it in 
the same manner as clover. My experience satisfies 
me that the result is more profitable than if the 
same laud were used in clover. The weight per 
acre is greater, and the quality of the food such that 
our horses will pick the pea straw lrom out of a rack 
of clover and peas mixed, leaving the clover until 
the last: and while I foed the pea straw and its 
grains, my horses keep fat without any other grain. 
Another advantage in growing peas I find in the 
light mellow condition of the land, after taking off 
the crop; and still further, that after the crop is off, 
a crop of turnips or buckwheat can te grown on the 
same piece the same year, and all without exhaust¬ 
ing the soil much. 
The Defects of Sandy Soils. 
The American Agriculturist, in treating upon 
this topic, and the means ot remedy, remarks: 
They are mechanically defective, being so light 
and porous that they cannot retain moisture or 
manure, if applied. Besides, they are generally 
wanting in various important elements of plant 
growth. Therefore, to improve them, we must 
endeavor to supply these radical defects. The first 
point can te gained by spreading a coat of clay 
over the surface and dragging it in. This will 
improve ite texture, and will also impart fertility. 
Adhesiveness and strength having been gained, 
manure from the barn-yard may te applied as last 
as it can be procured. 
Cutting aud Curing Clover. 
The Boston Cultivator, in an ardcle on Hay¬ 
making, says: 
As clover hay was generally made in this country 
a few years ago, it was for from being of a high qual¬ 
ity. Exposed frequently to hot sun and rain, alter¬ 
nately. the leaves and heads were broken off and 
crumbled to dust, leaving only a mass or stems, 
bleached and tasteless. By the modern mode, the 
clover is cut while as little wet as practicable, left 
in the swath, if cut with a scythe, or without being 
touched if cut with a machine, till fairly wilted, not 
dried: then put carefully into cocks which will make 
about fifty pounds of dry hay ouch, and covered with 
caps. Properly secured in this way, it is safe, what¬ 
ever weather may follow, and, except during an 
actual storm, the process of curing will go on. The 
internal moisture of the cocks will be driven to.the 
outside, and will gradually exhale. The farmer 
will, of course, watch the process from day to day. 
and when he finds that it has advanced so far 
that a sHght exposure to the air will fit it for the 
mow. he turns the cocks bottom upwards, loosen¬ 
ing such portions as seem to want more drying. 
But after clover has teen put up in this way for 
several days, it seldom requires more additional 
making than it will receive in the process of load¬ 
ing and unloading in a good hay-day. 
Clover cut while most of the heads are in blossom, 
and cured in the way above described, will make as 
much beef, mutton, or butter, as any other hay. 
pound for pound. It is also good for horses, except 
such as are kept at hard work, for which it is too 
relaxing. 
We have alluded to the advantages of making 
hay without too much exposure to sun and air. 
There can be no doubt that the drying of herbs in 
the shade preserves their intrinsic properties tetter 
than if they were dried in the open air. exposed to 
the direct influence of the sun. Why is not the 
principle appUcable to hay? Without caps it was 
hardly practicable to adapt this principle to hay-mak¬ 
ing. The liability of having the hay wet induced 
the farmer to make the hay and secure it as soon as 
possible. It w as. therefore, — with the exception of 
clover, which was sometimes cured chiefly in cock,— 
exposed as much as possibleto sunshine, and the dry¬ 
ing process hastened by stirring it. By the use of 
caps, hay can te cured in the shade after one day's 
sunshine, or after it is dried to such a degree that it 
will not actually heat in cock. This is the practice of 
some who use hay caps. They put the hay, which 
has had one day’s sunshine, in cock, and leave it 
protected by caps till it is sufficiently cured to put 
in the barn. It is the testimony of some who have 
adopted this system, that they make their hay 
with less expense than by the old mode, and that it 
is of ketter quality, not only by being protected 
from rain, but by being dried in such a way as to 
retain more of the essential properties ol the grass. 
Unclk Zeb, (writing to Ned, through the Coun¬ 
try Gentleman, J thus gives his notions about making 
clover hay:—A word with regard to the making of 
clover hay. In our sunny climate, I think we are 
apt to sun our hay too much. It should te made 
more in the cock. When hay becomes slightly 
warm in the cock, the water evaporates and the hay 
fo lees harsh and woody. More of it is soluble in 
the stomachs of animals. They like it tetter, and 
derive more nutriment from it. But there is an 
extra reason for not sunning clover too much: ite 
leaves fall off’ and are left on the field. The tetter 
way is to cut it in the morning; let lie in the swath 
the first day; throw it into small cocks at middle of 
afternoon; turn these bottom upwards, at 10 or 11 
o'clock the second day; throw two of them into one 
towards night; the forenoon of the third day, turn 
once again, and perhaps spread a little, if that seems 
to te required, and again put two into one in the 
afternoon; and so on till dry enough for the barn. 
A small degree of warmth does the hay no harm, 
but is a positive benefit—renders it both more ten¬ 
der and more nutritive. But take care not to store 
it till dry enough not to heat very much in the barn, 
and not to smoke when handled in winter. 
New York Statu Fair—Fo he held at Rochester, Sept. 30, 
Oci. 3 —The arrangements for this Fair are progressing finely, 
aud the prospects of a large exhibition anil superior accom 
inodations are daily improving. The Managers of the County 
Ag Society are preparing their Fair Grounds and erecting 
new buildings and fixtures in an admirable manner, under 
the supervision of Mr President Baker, (with the concur- 
rence of the State Society's Committee on Grounds and Erec¬ 
tions, named below,) and the prospect is that everything will 
be arranged in good style and seasonably. The officers of the 
State Society arc also acrirely perfecting arrangements for one 
of the most extensive displays ever made in this country. 
All the Superintendents appointed, and an unusually large 
number of the Judges, have accepted. We copy the list of 
Committees of Reception, Superintendents. &c., from the 
Society's Journal: 
COMMITTERS OF RECEPTION 
On thr part of Officers qf the Society. —Ex-Governor John A. 
King, Ex-President ; Hon. William Kelly, Ex-President; Ed¬ 
ward G. Fade. Esq. ; E P. Prentice Esq . Col. L. G. Morris, 
Hon. A. B. Conger T. S. I'axton, Esq , Hon. B. N. Hunting- 
ton, Hon. George Geddes. Ex Presidents . James O. Sheldon, 
Esq. 
On the part of Citizens <f Rochester .— Hoc. M. Filon. Mayor 
of the city ; MB, Anderson LI- D.. President University ; B. 
M Baker, Esq.. President County Agricultural Society ; Hon. 
William Buell, T. Butts, Esq.. Hon. Alfred Ely. Aaron Erick¬ 
son, Esq Hon. Addison Gardiner, lloti. Jacob Gould,William 
Kidd, Esq., lion John C. Nash. D. W Powers, Esq., Hon. 
Elijah b\ Smith, Samuel Wilder, Esq., Gen John Williams. 
SUPERINTENDENTS. 
General Snperinteniient—HoRs Harold, Hempstead, Queens 
county. 
Assistant to General Sup/.rinlendent—H. Bowkn, Medina, 
Orleans county. 
Sup'Tinlenticnt of Cattle — James S. McDonald, Salem, 
Washington county. 
Superintendent of Horses—hi. D. Hollister, Rome, Oneida 
county. 
Superintendent of Sheep and Swine— T. V. Maxox, Adams, 
Jefferson county. 
Superintendent of Poultry— E. P. Cheevkr, New Haven, 
Oswego county. 
Superintendent of Plowing —Ezra M. Parsons, Rochester, 
Monroe county. 
Superintendent of Faming Implements— S. Richardson, 
Rochester. 
Superintendent of Mechanics' Hall —D. A. Woodbury, Roch¬ 
ester. 
Superintendent of Floral and Fruit Department — James 
Vick. Rochester. 
Superintendent of Grain, Dairy and Vegetables — G kokce A. 
Moor.' Buffalo 
Sujnsrintendent. of Domestic Hall —Owen Gaffney, Roches¬ 
ter. 
Superintendent of the Press —D. D. T. Mookh, Rochester. 
Superintendent of Forage Department— Martin Roberts, 
Henrietta. 
Superintendent of Police Department —Captain John Bren¬ 
nan, Albany. 
Police Magistrate—E. S. Hayward, Esq., Brighton, Monroe 
county. 
to preside at evening discussions. 
Hon. A B Conger, Ex President- The Discussions are to 
be held in the City ball—affording the Society ample and con¬ 
venient accommodations for what 1ms become a very import¬ 
ant and interesting port of the exercises of the week. 
COMSJJTTKK ON GROUNDS AND ERECTIONS. 
George Gunnies, Ex President; F. Barry, Vice President; 
E. Sherrill and T. C. Peters, Executive Committee. 
Agricultural Fairs — State, County and Local. — The 
Iowa State Fair for 1862 is to be held at Dubuque on the 30th 
Sept, and 1st. 2d and 3d of Oct. The officers are active in 
malting preparations. The amount offered in premiums 
exceeds $8,000.-The Minnesota State Fair is to be held at 
St. Paul, Sept- 17th, 15lli and 19tli, on the capital grounds, the 
floral department to occupy a portion of the capital itself.- 
The Ontario Co. Fair is to be held on the Society’s Grounds 
at Cauaudaigua, Sept. 24-26. and the Winter Exhibition on 
the last Wednesday in January, 1663. Competition open to 
all Persons in all Classes, within or without the County.”- 
The Steuben Co. Fair is announced to be held at Bath, Sept. 
24-26. The premiums offered are liberal and varied — includ¬ 
ing several prizes for best essays and designs. Hon. G. Des- 
xirton, Prattsburgb, is President, and A II- Cruttendbn, 
Bath, Secretary.-The Queens Co. Ag. Siuntiy is to hold its 
21st Annual Exhibition on the Fashion Pleasure Grounds, 
Newtown, on the 18th and 19th of Sept.. 1862. as wc learn 
from a handsomely printed pamphlet containing Premium 
List and Regulations, with list of Officers, Life and Annual 
Members. &e. Roukkt Willetts, Flushing, is President, 
and John Harold, Hempstead, Secretary and Treasurer.- 
The Jackson Co. (Mich.) Ag. Society will hold its 10th Annual 
Fair on its grounds in the city of Jackson, Oct, 8-10, 1862. 
Hon. Geo. Peck, of Lansing, is to deliver the address.-The 
Kalamazoo Co. (Mich. I Society holds its 17th Annual Fair in 
Kalamazoo, Sept. 24-26. 
— The Ohio State Fair, to be held at Cleveland, Sept. 10-19, 
will include a Wool Show, which it is thought will embrace 
the finest fleeces grown in the Western States On the last 
day there will be a general auction of Wool. Cattle, &c. See 
announcement relative to the Fair in our advertising columns 
Successful American Exhibitors at the World’s Fair. 
—Among the successful competitors for Prizes at the Lon 
don International Exhibition—including nearly one hundred 
Americans—were the following from this State:—S. F. Pease, 
Buffalo, samples of carbon and petroleum oil for lamps and 
lubrication; Glencove Starch Co., New York city, samples of 
maizena or corn flour; llecker Brothers, New York city, sam¬ 
ples of flour; Brewster & Co., New York city, a phaeton and 
a road wagon; Wheeler & Wilson. New York city, American 
sewing machine; I.ee & Lamed, New York city, steam fire 
engine; C. Near, New York city, self-registering dynamome¬ 
ter; C. T Porter, New York City, stationary engine and gov¬ 
ernors; R H. Worthington, New York city, duplex pump, 
W. A. Wood, Uoosic Falls, self-raking reaper, aud combined 
reaper and mower; Steinway & Sons, New York city, grand 
and square pianos. 
Canada Thistles Proscribed in Penn.— At its last session 
the Pennsylvania Legislature passed an act to prevent the 
spread of Canada thistles. The principal section of the very 
sensible law provides that “ Hereafter any individual or corpo¬ 
ration allowing the Canada thistle to ripen seed on his or 
their premises, shall be liuble to a fine of ten dollars upon 
each compluint that is properly established; and any one v'ho 
may fear the spread of the Canada thistle upon his premises 
from the lands Of his careless or thriftless neighbor, may- 
after five days’ notice, enter upon any lands where the weed 
is found growing, cut it, and recover full costs lor the la. or 
and trouble.” 
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