the crops on well and badly managed land is most 
striking. We observed the other day, on a natu¬ 
rally good, but extremely heavy soil, two adjoining 
fields in winter wheat; one bad been thoroughly 
underdrained and deeply cultivated; the other had 
not partaken of these ameliorating agencies, and 
the consequence is, that while the crop on the for¬ 
mer looks lar better than could be anticipated, con¬ 
sidering the season, and promises, at present, to be 
highly remunerative, ihe latter must prove, how¬ 
ever favorable the weather may yet be, nearly a 
total failure!” _ 
Caro of Milch Cows. 
Thk Boston Cultivator , after recommending 
proper care and food for cows, saysr 
“If there is any animal which policy would dic¬ 
tate the good treatment of, it is the milch cow. It 
Bhould be remembered that it is only the food she 
consumes beyond what is required to support Iho 
natural waste of the system, that can afford a sur¬ 
plus in way of milk. Hence, the food which w'ould 
barely support two cows and leave nothing for the 
owner, if eaten by one cow, would enable her to 
return the value of one-half of it in milk. Ho that 
the advice of a close observer to a dairyman, to sell 
one-half of his cows to increase his produce of 
butter and cheese, had reason at the bottom of it. 
Cows should he well fed and sheltered; in fact, they 
should be kept in all respects in the condition that 
is well expressed by the word ‘ comfortable.’ ” 
Rural Notes anb jltcms 
wunter Wheat, and a large yield of Chess instead 
thereof. Let us investigate the supposed transmu¬ 
tation. . , 
The Wheat plant has its fruit growing in a close 
cylindrical head, while Chess has its fruit on slen¬ 
der, thread-like branches, forming a loose, open 
panicle. The Wheat belongs to the genus Triticum; 
the Chess to an entirely different genus, Bromus, 
whose characters are so well marked tha> no person 
The Field Mustard (Sin apis arvensis) is more 
sparingly found. The Shepherd’s Purse (CapseUa 
Jlursa-pastom J is familiar to all students of botany, 
and is now so common lhat it may be found in eveiy 
neighborhood. The Camdina saliva, a Cruciferous 
plant which is frequently foimd among Flax, is on 
the catalogue of Illinois plants, but probably is con¬ 
fined to the vicinity of flax fields, and dependent 
upon the cultivation of that article. 
Ot the Violet Family, only one species has come 
to us from abroad-the Viola tricolor , or Fanny, 
which is occasionally found in the vicinity ol gar¬ 
dens, from which it has escaped. , 
The Hypericum perforatum, or common St John 8- 
wort, wl.... 
weed difficult to eradicate. 
milk, making butter, etc., and if you think this 
sufficiently explicit you can publish it; if not, let 
me know, and I will try again. Put allow me to 
say, in conclusion, il you, or any ol your many 
thousand subscribers, feel inclined to doubt my 
statement, just remember an old saying about “the 
proof of the pudding.” etc. Call round and get 
some good home-made bread and butter. Speaking 
of bread, I am using the best recipe for hop yeast 
ever made, and they do say my bread, too, canDOt 
be beaten, and as l have no desire to ‘•hide iny 
1 ght under a bushel.” perhaps, at some future time, 
I may send yon my mode of making hop yeast that 
will keep two or three months without souiing. and 
bread that will not keep as long, if one has those 
about them favored with a good appetite and powers 
of appreciation. [Please tell us about the hop 
yeast.—E d.] 
Beaver Dam, Wis , 1802. 
Tub COMSrissKOKXR or Ar.iocci.TCRis.’'—The lust number 
of tlie Maine Farmer devotes its lender to the above subject. 
It fairly discusses the merits of the Commissioner, Mr. Isaac 
NSWTOX—giving a paragraph in his favor from u Pennsylvania 
paper, and adding:—- Since his appointment a very general 
dissatisfaction among; the journals of the country bos been 
manifested. Whether this dissatisfaction comes from parties 
who are interested, and who, by the appointment of Mr. 
Newton, felt, that they or Some of their friends have had 
injustice done them, we are unable to say The Rural New- 
Yorker, Ohio Farmer, and other responsible journals, are 
among tire number. 1 ’ .V</ So far as this journal is concerned, 
the dissatisfaction expressed did not emnnnte from parties 
interested ” or who had any particular candidate to urge for 
the position. All w e desired was thatu comptmi man should 
he selected, without regard to his location or friendship. 
That such an one was not (ns we believe) appointed, must, he 
a source of regret nrnl disappointment to every intelligent 
friend of Rural Imfirovcment. 
— Our contemporary justly remarks that the subject is one 
upon which the President has no right to trifle with the feel¬ 
ings and interests of the great mass of farmers tlu oughont 
the country; and that it would he a great injustice to place a 
man at the head of the important agricultural interests of our 
Republic, who docs not possess the confidence of the farmers, 
or the qualifications necessary for the responsible position, 
lie wishes to have - this matter thoroughly sifted now tbat.it 
is started, -1 and concludes in this frank stylo:—“ Let us see If 
in this department—even if in no other—a man to take charge 
of it cannot he found who has the. requisite qmitilies, and who 
| merits the position from bis ability to DU it, and not because 
Let us keep it free from 
necessary turn the close, cyuuunuui u. 
should be changed to the loose, branching, open 
head of the other; in short, that it should be changed 
from a plant of one genus to a plant ofa very differ¬ 
ent genus. Now, for all this change there Is no 
analogy in nature. The change is no greater than 
would be necessary to transmute a field of Timothy 
into a field ol Red-Top —no greater than would be 
necessary to transmute an Oak into a Chestnut. 
It is true that plants are capable ol a kind of 
degeneracy or depaiiperization, such as occurs when 
rust attacks a field of Wheat, and by diverting the 
proper juices of the grain, leaves it. shrunken and 
imperfect, llttt no adverse circumstances, no defi¬ 
ciency ol nutriment, no injury by frost, has cum 
produced such a radical and constant change in the 
generic nature of any plant as that w liicb is asset ted 
to be produced in the change of Wheal to Chess. 
It would be natural to suppose that if such a change 
was effected, it would be observable in different 
stages of progress— that it would sometimes be only 
partially effected, and that all manner uf forms ol 
heads intermediate bet ween Wheat and Chess would 
be noticed. But such is not the case. 
The Chess is as truly a separate and distinct plant, 
having its proper habits and characteristics, as is 
the Wheat. It may be found in situations where no 
Wheat has been grown, nourishing after its own 
or common ot. J onu 
hich in the Eastern States is a pernicious 
has been met with very 
sparingly in (his State. 
Of the Natural Order Oa r yopii y i.laka:, we 
have several introduced species, though most o 
them are still dependent upon cultivation for their 
permanence. Of this class is the Saponana officin¬ 
alis, or Soapwort; the A'/rostema, or Cockle, which 
is frequent in fields of grain; and the Vacwna vul¬ 
garis, also growing in grain fields. r l he little Chick- 
weed (SLellaria media j, which is everywhere com¬ 
mon in the Eastern States, is here but sparingly 
introduced; but the larger Cbickweed (Cerastium 
vulgaUm) is found in every field and by every 
road-side. 
One of the commonest and most, troublesome 
of garden weeds is the Portulaca oleracea, or Purs¬ 
lane. It is too well known to need description. Its 
tenacity of life is wonderful. Its thick, fleshy leaves 
have so few pores that they retain their moisture a 
long time after it is taken up by the roots, and it 
continues to ripen its seed about as well as if still 
attached to the soil; so that to insure Hf. extermina¬ 
tion it is necessary to remove it entirely from the 
premises. 
The Natural Order Composite furnishes a larger 
number of naturalized plants than any other family, 
except the Grasses. To this order belongs the 
universal May-Weed ( Manila colula). the Dande¬ 
lion (Taraxacum Densdeonis). and the Burdock 
(Lappa major). Two species of the Thistle have 
become naturalized, viz., the common Field Thistle 
(Cirsium lavceolatum) and the notorious Canada 
Thistle (Cirsium urvense) -the latter a? yet ouly 
sparingly introduced, but gradually spreading; and 
unless rare be exercised to prevent its propagation, 
it will ere many years become a serious pest to 
agriculture. The White or Ox-eye Daisy (Ltucan * 
themum vulgarej is another ol Hie pernicious weeds 
of this order which has been detected iu a few local¬ 
ities, and which needs a vigilant eye to prevent its 
further advance. In the Eastern States, thousands 
of acres of land are rendered almost useless by the 
■tenacious foothold of tide species. A few other 
plants of this fumily have been introduced, but are 
of minor importance. Two or three native species 
of this order, however, deserve notice. One is the 
Erigeron Cana,dense, sometimes called Horse-Weed^ 
which, in company with the Bolens frondosa, or 
Beggar-Ticks, usually overspreads grain fields after 
harvest. The first, mentioned of these, the Horse- 
Weed, although strictly a native of this country, has 
now become widely spread over most, parts of the 
world. Another rather formidable native Ameri¬ 
can, which has become troublesome in some locali 
ties, is fii« Cockle Burr (Xunlhium Strum*** Iwu j, 
a coarse weed with abundant clusters of harsh, 
spiny seeds, not at all pleasant to handle. A vari¬ 
ety of this species Imp also become scattered over 
the warm parts of the globe, perhaps as a partial 
return for the noxious weeds which we have im¬ 
ported from abroad. 
The common Plantain, belonging to the Plantain 
Family, although extremely common in all parts ot 
the country, is an immigrant from Europe. It is 
not much complained of as troublesome lo the agri¬ 
culturist. 
In the Order Surophulariacile. out 1 principal 
weeds are the Mulleins, of which we have two 
species—the common Mullein ( Verb(t6WMn I hap- 
•sus) and the Moth Mullein ( Vtrbascum BlatlariaJ, 
which last is neither common nor troublesome. 
The Natural Order Lariata-.. or Mint Family, 
has several naturalized representatives in this State, 
which, however, are seldom of much consequence as 
weeds. Some of them are very useful, and possess 
medicinal qualities. The principal species of this 
class are the lloarhound (MarrtdnumJ, the Moth¬ 
erwort (Ltomrus ), and Catnip ( Nepela). 
The plants commonly known as Pig-Weeds, em¬ 
bracing the genera Chenopodium and Amarantus. 
are among the commonest and most abundant of 
Bessie Ladle 
FANNIE’S FLOCK OF SHEEP. 
In my last I said 1 
En. Rural Nkw-Youkrk 
would tell you about my flock of sheep. Not be¬ 
cause I have anything astonishing or miraculous to 
disclose, do I do so, but simply because 1 think that 
rural women should be represented in the Rural. 
Now, Mr. Editor, you will not laugh at me. will you? 
In the spring of 1859 my husband purchased a 
sheep, for which be paid S425. and presented her to 
mo. In June following, waft taken from Bettie’s 
smooth, round back, a snowy fleece weighing 5j 
lbs., at which time, she was the fond mother of two 
ewe lambs. The transaction, tabulated, would 
stand thus: 
FIRST SHEARING. 
Wool. tK lbs., at 42 cts.,.52 41 
Two Iambs. at $2,___ 4 00 
Bettie, valued at____ 2 60 
Total..58 91 
SECOND SHEARING, 1860. 
Wool from three sheep, 17>a lbs., at 86 eta.$0 21 
Two lambs, at $2.-. j* ™ 
Three old sheep, at $2.60,.. > 60 
Total,.—.517 71 
THIRD SHEARING, I88L 
Wool from five sheep, 25 lbs., at30ctS;,-$7 60 
Four lambs, ut 52.----- 8 00 
Five old sheep, at $2 60,..... 12 o0 
Total..,-.528 00 
FOURTH SHEARING, IN JUNE, 1862. 
Wool from nine sheep, 37 lbs., at 44 cts.,.$16 28 
Three lambs, at $2.. 6 00 
Nine old sheep, at $2.60........ 22 u0 
Total,.-.544 78 
Several lambs were lost last spring, by reason of 
a drenching rain Which occurred in the night, while 
the flock were in a back pasture. 
Almost any good farmer or sheep-grower could 
beat this, I suppose; but can you, rural ladies ? It 
so, let us hear from you. 
Ladies, (sotto voce.; if any of you find difficulty 
in the way of procuring “pin money,” just get your 
husband to procure tor you a sheep, or a pig, or a 
half dozen fowls, over which you shall have exclu¬ 
sive ownership, and see how soon you will have all 
you wish. h annie Bell. 
Bell grove, Weedsport, N. Y., 1802. 
he belongs to n particular clique 
political influences and corruptions, and demand that it bt Uept 
so. If a mistake has been made by the appointing power, 
from whatever cause let the error be repaired by the only 
method left open, and as soon as pay be. Of this w«j are 
certain: The farmers of the country will not submit to any 
SUeh Imputation upon their Intelligence as is made by the 
appointment of a person to this high position who is wanting 
in the requisite qualifications for the duties devolving upon 
the head of the Bureau of Agriculture at Washington. We 
know of but one man suitable for tills place; tlie mention of 
bis nanto will need no introduction or comment It is Hon 
B. 1\ Johnson, of New York." 
Plowing Heavy Lands. 
It would be interesting and important, says the 
Boston Cultivator, to know what, would be the com¬ 
parative results, in regard to the crops produced for 
three years, between lots plowed iu tarrows of fif¬ 
teen inches and others of ten inches wide, on heavy 
Soil. It is a rule in England arid Scotland, as well 
as in some parts of this country, to plow clay land 
in as fine or narrow furrows as practicable, in order 
to produce the required friability, and give duo 
exposure to the atmosphere, which is su necessary 
to develop the fertility of such soils. It may be 
said that the width of the furrows was not greater 
than usual in proportion to the depth. Ou this 
point it may be inquired whether the expediency of 
plowing sward to this depth has been demonstrated? 
Would it not be better, especially on clayey soils, 
to bury the sward ot only a moderate depth, where 
it would more quickly decompose, and give more 
immediate benefit to crops —plowing deeper, if 
necessary, afterwards? Hitch is the practice iu 
some sections distinguished for successful farming. 
Cot.. D. D. T. MOORE — Hy Dear Sir: This wilt be handci! 
to you by my M.n Sam. who goes flown to your city to look 
lifter a patent heifer that he expects on the ear* to flay, and 
won't leave till to morrow. I unfl mother don't want him 
exposed to any of the had things in the city, for a city is an 
awful place; so I have taken the liberty of sending him toyour 
care and protection. Yours to command, 
Joux ri.OWHANm.lt 
— The above characteristic note was recently handed us by 
a fine-looking young man, who, though modest iu appear¬ 
ance, had evidently traveled aforetime, and was aware of “the 
bad things of the city." He assured us of the good health Of 
bis paternal ancestor—our whilom correspondent. On inquiry 
about the “patent" heifer we learned that friend Plow 
iiAXOi.K had been investing in Short horns From this wt 
infer that the General is taking the initiatory stops to obtftit 
some exalted position—perhaps that of President of our Stat 
Ag. Society—or to beat “ Smith’s bull at tlie next State Fait 
In confirmation of this suspicion we arc assured, on goo. 
authority—can cite the exact Page, if necessary—that frieti 
ri.owtiAxm.E has recently expressed a desire to obtain seven 
Short horn cows, each of which, (in his own emphatic an 
Comprehensive language.) “ must have a pedigree ns long i 
your arm. till a wash-tub at each milking, andproduoe a firki 
full, or Iras, of butter each week." If this report Is tri 
Messrs Conoer, Tuoenk. CORXEbt, and other noted hreede, 
will soon hav e a formidable competitor. “ Forewarned, for 
armed.'' gentlemen! 
jog the grain so as to become the true grain of 
Wheat. But. no such change has ever taken place, 
or is ever expected to take place. The seed oi 
Chess produces Chess, and only Chess; and the seed 
of Wheat produces Wheat, and only Wheat; just 
according to the scripture declaration in Genesis, 
i: 12 —“And the earth brought forth grass, and 
herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yield¬ 
ing fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind.” 
llow, then, it maybe asked, do you account for 
the substitution of so much Chess for Wheat., where 
Wheat has been winter-killed, or injured by host 
during the winter or spring? I answer that several 
circumstances may co-operate to produce the result. 
Iu the first place, very few farmers sow W’heat 
which is absolutely free from Chess, und very lew 
cultivated fields are entirely free of Chess plants or 
seed. The Chess is a hardier gr ass than Wheat, and 
does nut so easily winter-kill; and hence when the 
Wheat fails the Chess is ready to take advantage of 
the opportunity afforded by its absence; it spreads 
-»>.'■ stools: it Honrlslies, and produces tVnitn 
hundred or n thousand-fold. Whereas, if the Wheat 
had been a success, it. would, by its earlier start and 
its rapid growth, have subdued ami checked the 
Chess to such a degree that very little of it would 
have come to maturity. 
Certain it is that no person of accurate scientific 
knowledge would resort t.o the miracle of transmu¬ 
tation to account for the presence ol Chess, until il 
could first be absolutely proven that there was no 
Chess in the field, and that none was sown with the 
Wheat. And even then, if Chess eamo, I presume 
he would have as much ingenuity as the farmer 
spoken, of in the scripture, who found Tares in his 
field where he had sown ouly good Wheat—he 
would declare that “an enemy hath done this.” 
American Breadstceku us. Intervention.—A New Vo, 
paper happily nay* the tide is turning in our favor abroad, a 
tolls ' 1 what'B tin* id alter ’’ this wise:—" W all street has he 
troubled not a lit lie of kite at tils’ .‘JQl«nB.{pP cct tl,U 
Please he quiet, Messrs. Bulls a 
John Bull wants bread, no 
OJ.V. 
TAKE ‘ 
Eds. Rurai. 
Interested in the letters from practical farmers you 
are in the habit of printing in your papers and iu 
order to add my mite to the general fund of inform¬ 
ation, I propo e to say a few words about horses. 
In the first place, it is always best and cheapest 
to keep good horses. Now, any one can get. a good 
horse who has got the rocks wherewith to purchase 
him; bul.it is doI every one that can keep a horse 
good after lie lias once got him. and that is the main 
point. Many a farmer who purchases a good team, 
and expects them to keep good, puts them to work 
in the mud and mire in charge of a green “hired 
man;” and when, after a tew weeks, tie finds their 
legs all sore and lame with the scratches, their 
hair standing more than “seven ways tor Sunday,’ 
and their heads down, lie may say, “ those horses h ave 
eat enough grain; they ought to look well; 1 cannot 
think what ails them; I must have got cheated in 
the purchase.” Ah! my Christian friend, lli.it may 
all be. but you bave attended to the most expensive 
and overlooked the most important part of the care 
of horse flesh. Now, if you had, every night, when 
the team came in from work, laid off your coal and 
taken a wisp of straw in each hand and worked 
faithfully on the legs of each horse until they were 
out tinny near Kiehmoud, 
Beam, for thn tide is turning, 
quite as much as lie wants cotton, anil we are giving it to h 
by ship loads upon ship loads. Intervention at tlie pres, 
moment, ttn-rel'ore, means starvation. Cotton is a good th: 
but cotton won t keep body and soul together. Cotton t< 
feed spindles, but it won’t feed mouths. A cotton block; 
and a bread blockade at tlie same lime, would make the 
British lion shake his mane and roar like thunder. So 
Shan't have intervention at present—at least not until we i 
send over a thousand ship loads of wheat, to quiet the ( 
vings of 1 mv lord’ the Premier. Wall street will pin 
First, I consider it absolutely necessary to ouiui- 
mukiug to have a cool, airy milk room, and that 
the milk vessels be thoroughly cleansed, first iu cold 
water, next iu hot, after which to be scalded and 
sunned, 
I use shallow tin pans, and set. the milk a little 
less than two inches in depth. My experience is, 
more cream can be had from the same amount of 
milk by raising the pans from the shell, allowing a 
free circulation of air around the milk; two strips 
of wood, of uniform thickness, about six inches in 
length, to each pan, will answer the purpose. 
As soon as the milk thickens, I remove the cream 
into an earthen pan, keeping it uncovered, and 
always stir gently after adding fresh cream; churn 
twice a week, and never allow any water to get 
nearer the butter than the outside of a stone churn 
during the process of churning. I take the butter 
from tlie churn with a ladle, aud salt to taste: let it 
stand twenty-foul 1 hours, and Ibeu work by taking 
'about one pound at a time. This is more convenient 
aud can be worked much dryer than by working the 
whole mass at once. If for packing, I add one 
inhlesrioonful of crushed sugar, aud as much salt- 
Wool Growing in California. 
TttK California correspondent of the American 
Slock Journal, under date “Ban Francisco, June 
1st," furnishes some interesting intelligence relative 
to sheep raising and wool growing in the Golden 
State. We condense from his article the following: 
The flock of Col. W. IV. Hollister, of San Juan, 
Monterey Co., comprises 14,000 sheep, exclusive of 
about 7,500 lambs. These sheep are divided into 
flocks of about 1.500 each. Tlie clip of the present 
spring will amount to 80,920 lbs. net from the above 
flock. The. average weight of fleece is upwards of 
5j lbs. The sheep are of the pure blood French 
Merino, and oue-half and three-quarter breeds. 
The value ot the present clip is estimated by Col. 
H. at the round sum of $20,000. He has lost in 
value of sheep, by disease, (scab, etc.,) about 
$4,000; and raises about 7,500 lambs, notwithstand¬ 
ing the severity of the past winter. The expe¬ 
rience, however, gained from which will be ot great 
practical benefit in the future management of his 
flock, and he does not, in consequence, regret the 
loss. 
Messrs. Flint and Bixby, of San Juan. Monterey 
Co., will shear, the present spring, some 17,000sheep, 
principally Spanish Merino. Their crop of wool 
will amount to from 80,000 lo 90,000 lbs., and is val¬ 
ued at 26 cts., all round. Their losses by winter 
exposure, etc., were about 500 head, and they raise 
this season about 8,500 lambs. They have a single 
flock of 3,300 fine sheep, from which the average 
weight of each fleece is 7 lbs, 5 oz. . , 
The wool market, of late, has been characterized 
by a degree of activity, and remunerative prices 
have been readily attainable for all the desirable 
qualities of well conditioned wools, 'the interior 
grades and poorly handled lots are not in demand, 
i • !■ .. i 1. r.nrrlit tn npiow tne 
dry, and then taken a card and brush and gone over 
their bodies until their hair lay straight, your horses 
would never have had the scratches. And then iu 
the morning at them again with card and brush. It 
takes but a little while to clean a horse thoroughly, 
and it is worth more than an extra four quarts ot 
oats. Then your horses, provided they have enough 
to eat, will go out to work with their heads and tails 
up, and do a full day’s work without flagging. 
It is now the season when the egg that produces 
the. bott. is taken into the horses’ system; and it you 
will feed them once a week with a t.ablespoonful of 
fine ashes, a small lump of sulphur mixed with their 
usual salt and fed in their grain, you will never 
be troubled with the bolts. I meant to have said 
something more about, preventives for the various dis¬ 
eases that horse flesh is heir lo, but, have got to the 
end of mv paper, and not another sheet without 
Draining Mach inks Wanted.— Of late several inqi 
verbal anil written, have been made of us concerning dra 
machines. Tlie last (a letter just at band from Toi 
C. W,) says —" 1 would be glad to learn, through 
excellent paper, something of the success and satiria 
given in tlie use of draining machines to those who | 
seen or tested them. Also, where made, ilieir prices, 
qualifications. Manufacturers would do well to ex In bit la 
at the coining Fairs this season." We shall be glad to 1 
and communicate to tho public, such information as 
answer the above and similar inquiries. At present we 
not refer to any particular machine as worthy ot sp 
commendation, but learn, incidentally, that a very Promj 
one lias recently been gotten up, and satisfactorily teste 
Wayne county. If so, the inventor, (whose name anJ 
deueo are unknown to us.) ought to advise tlie public I 
common smart-\vw*u, which iuk'-o 
every voad-side. Another species is sometimes 
called Climbing Buckwheat, and is a great nuisance 
in some fields of grain. 
Of the Dock Family we have three introduced 
species—the Ramex crispus, or Curled-Leaved 
Dock; the Ramex oliusifolius, or Blunt-Leaved 
Dock; and the Ramex ucdocellus, or common Rod 
Sorrel, which is one of tlie worst enemies of the 
agriculturist, and is unfortunately becoming quite 
common, to the great injury ol many farms. 
The next order furnishing us any important nat¬ 
uralized plants is Gramine.e, or the Grass Family. 
Nearly all tho grasses we have sought to cultivate 
are exotics, and it is not therefore surprising that 
the grasses we meet with on the road-sides, and on 
cultivated or partly cultivated lauds, arc almost 
wholly naturalized ones. These are principally the 
Timothy or Herd’s-Grass ( Phleumpratense), June 
Grass (Poa pratensis), Blue Grass (Poa com- 
pressa J, and Red-Top (Agrostis vulgaris J, which 
last is also native in some parts of the State. In 
addition to these we have the Barn-i ard Grass 
(Panicum Crus-galliJ and two smaller species of not be injured as much as by the same amount ot 
Panicum, and two species of Setaria. or Pigeon water. 
Gras<= which are abundant in gardens, and come I pack butter in large stone jars, using for a wught 
un in’great quanties in grain fields after harvest; a common dinner plate and a piece of marble. 1 
also the Annual Spear Grass (Poa annua J, and am not in favor of wooden vessels for milk and 
occasionally the Meadow Fox-Tail (Alopccurm butter making. 1 suppose we shall be obliged to 
«rofctisis). And lastly, though not least, among use a wooden churn-dash, butter bowl, and ladle, 
our exotic grasses we have to record the Bromus until some inventive genius takes it into his head to 
secalinus, otherwise called Cheat or Chess. get up something of a different material 
And this brings us to the consideration of an im- In winter, 1 heat the milk slightly; if allowed to 
portant question-one that has agitated the agricul- scald, the butter will be oily. 
Lral world for many years. I liav e eaten some poor butter in my da> , some 
Among a large class of farmers an opinion pre- too fresh, but more too salt. It there is anything 
vails that under certain circumstances the Wheat particularly horrible to my nerves, it is using my 
+i,rnc iii rbPSR. Tbev will tell you that they “molars” for a salt null. It people, who furnish 
" Promoted. — Mr. 
A “Rural Recruit 
Inokn, former chief mailiiiR clerk iu this office—'who wen 
the war last fall as Sergeant Major in tlie 80th Regiment N 
V., (the Dickinson Guard,) and who has been with tlia Bi 
ride Expedition in all its perils and triumphs —ha* adri 
gained marked favor and promotion. A few weeks ftge 
learned that the officers of the regiment had joined iu prei 
jug him an elegaut sword, and it is now aimouneeiwjtu 
lias been promoted, by special order of Gen. BURNSB>x, 
First Lieuteuantcy. When Van left the Rural "ffice 
expressed tlie confident belief that lie would acquit hi 
well in any position, and wished him “success and tin 
.nntloTi we are assured lie will merit,’'— hence bis adi 
ier, — brave 
he will ere 1 
ment is not • unexpected. A true so 
thoroughly disciplined, yet unassuming, 
prove himself worthy of still higher rank. 
A Fine Lithograph or Cattle —We are in receipt o 
fine and apparently life-like colored lithograph ot a pair 
Durham cattle, “fed and bred by R- RbahiKO, i><|., 
Aurora, Erie Co., N. Y.” The picture reflects credit upo 
the artistic skill and taste of Messrs. Sauk, Sons 1 •> 
Buffalo, from whose establishment it emanates. lM 
and others wishing to obtain lithographs of choice m 
valuable animals would do well to consult our Buffalo fntfxh 
as they are evidently au fait in suoll matters. 
I t i st op A on cultural Faiiis —We ure preparing a lift Ci. 
