bonie acid by a light. The carbonic acid may be 
driven from the cellars by opening all the issue?, by 
lighting a lire on the stairway, by throwing hot 
water into them, and by scattering freshly slaked 
Hate in them 
ing fi sheath for a in wet, dripping summers, there are neither of these 
islles to assist in the fruits. Never disturb the ground at all; hand-weed 
p tilings (lie creature and cover the whole soil with stable litter front the 
ibracing the Hete- horse, with a little black manure round the stools, 
and you will have more raspberries than you know 
families of terrestial what to do with. If the summer is very sultry, give 
operly called hugs, each stool one bucket of water twice a week, A 
bug, (Corruts trisHs.) raspberry lives by suction. From throe to five 
> punctures on the caues are enough, and these should be cut down to 
TOMATO PIGS-ARTIFICIAL OYSTERS. 
Ens. Ren At. New-Yorker:— Seeing an inquiry 
from K. K. K., of Naples, Ill., for making tomato 
figs, I send mamas, which I deem a very good one. 
After peeling the fruit, make a sirup, allowing one 
half pound of sugar to each pound of frU.lt. When 
hot, put in as much fruit as the sirup will cover, and 
let it cook until transparent. Skim out and place 
on plateR to dry. The sirup should boil ft tew min¬ 
utes after taking out the fruit, before putting in 
more. Each tomato should be rolled in powdered 
sugar every day until dry, alter which pluco in jars 
in layers, scattering sugar between them. The 
small yellow tomatoes make the nicest looking figs, 
although they are no better tor eating than the red 
ones. 
For the benefit of my Rural friends, I send a 
recipe for artificial oysters:—Take young green 
corn, grate it in a dish, and to one pint of this add 
one egg well beaten, a small teacup of flour, half a 
cup of butter, some salt and pepper, and mix well 
together. A tablespoonful of the batter will make 
the size of an oyster. Fry them a light brown, and 
when done, butter them; or cream, it it can be had, 
is better. Try them; they're excellent. 
Milan. Ohio. 1862. Mart M. M. 
During the fermentation, the bung- 
hole should only be closed with vine-leavep, or by 
a little bag filled with sand—the object being to 
prevent the air from entering at the same time that 
the carbonic acid Is permitted to escape. 
9 . Towards Christmas the clarification of the wine 
is about completed, and the yeast, which has be¬ 
come insoluble during the fermentation, is precipi¬ 
tated. Four weeks after the commencement of the 
fermentation, Ihe casks, which should not he quite 
filled up at first, become completely full. 
10. The racking, or drawing off from the lees at 
Christmas, is very important and necessary. There 
always remains in the wine, alter the first fermenta¬ 
tion, a certain quantity of soluble leaven, and it 
this is not scattered, and the wine still contains 
undecomposed sugar, the liquid will become turbid, 
it will ferment again, and possibly be spoiled. In 
the first racking, towards the commencement of the 
year, care should be taken to expose the wine as 
much as possible to contact with the air, in which 
case, the oxygen of the atmosphero precipitates the 
insoluble leaven, and the liquid clarifies completely, 
so that the second racking may be retarded until 
the cud of April, there being no further fear of fer¬ 
mentation. 
U. The following autumn another rackingshould 
take place, after which the wine may be considered 
as completely made. In drawing olf, great care 
horticultural visit-new BLACKBERRY. 
Those who have read the proceedings ot the 
Fruit Growers’ Society of Western New ^ oik, must 
have observed an account of a new Blackberry, 
grown from seed by Dr. II. B. Minbr, ot Honeoye 
Falls, which was brought to the notice ot the So¬ 
ciety and highly recommended by Mr. Ainsworth, 
of Bloomfield. Havinsr received an invitation 
__ 1 1. Having received 
from Mr. Miner to visit his grounds and see the 
plants in fruit, we accepted the invitation, aud are 
prepared to report all we saw, Mr. Miner has been 
experimenting w ith (he blackberry for some fifteen 
years, and during that time has raised hundreds of 
seedlings, all of which have proved either unpro¬ 
ductive, or worthless on account of inferior quality, 
except two. These are both the Low or Trailing 
species, sometimes called Dewberry, (Rnbus Cana¬ 
densis, of Linn-EcsJ Everybody knows that the 
Trailing Blackberry produces the sweetest, highest 
flavored fruit, but is quite unproductive, as only a 
few perfect and many imperfect berries are produced 
on each plant. Mr. Miner, out of a host of seed¬ 
lings which he has fruited, found two that bore very 
large crops, and these he has propagated exclu¬ 
sively. One of these is about two weeks earlier 
Most of our insects are very hardy, caring little 
for wind or weather, and will never “die of aro¬ 
matic pain.” We once packed some small skin3 
in the center of" a cask of tobacco leaf and stems, 
but the miller went there, deposited her eggs, and 
the furs were ruined. This shows that they are 
not at all delicate, and care nothing for tobacoo. 
Expensive cedar closets are frequently constructed, 
with the Idea that the rather pleasant odor of the 
cedar is sufiicienlly disagreeable to the moth to keep 
him away from articles of clothing deposited there! 
This is a mistake. The strongest instinct, promts the 
miller to seek the means of perpetuating its kind, 
and no trifling impediment will prevent it. 
But the preservation of furs, or articles of cloth¬ 
ing, is perfectly simple, cheap aud easy. Shake 
them well, and tie them up in a cotton or linen bag, 
so that the miller cannot, possibly enter, and the 
articles will not be injured, though the bag is hung 
in a wood-house or garret. This is cheaper than to 
RULES FOR MAKING GRAPE WINE 
fwtinttturat $otes 
Very many are the inquiries we receive for some 
good and sure method ot making grape and currant 
wine. With the exception of the manufacture of a 
little occasionally for domestic use, Jrom grapes and 
small fruits, we have no experience that will war¬ 
rant us in giving an opinion with a gre&t deal of 
confidence. For making currant wine, a few weeks 
since we gave the method of an experienced and 
Horticulture and tun W.ui—It is slid to reflect on the 
enormous losses to horticulture »n<l agriculture arising from 
the rebellion. We believe no class, taken collectively, 
endeavored to avert the Strife more energetically than ours; 
and, though suffering iu common with others, have less to 
answer for. Prom our position, in correspondence with so 
many dilferent sources, we can say of our own knowledge 
inay ho near, and root at the points, like the Black Cap 
Raspberry. Mr. Miner allows these to run at will 
until near the autumn, when, if new plants are not 
■wanled, the points are cut off, leaving the canes 
some six feet in length. In the spring, a heavy 
stake, five nr six feet long, is driven into the ground 
for each hill or plant, (and they may be set from 
three to four feet apart.) The branches are then 
gathered together, wound around the stake, like a 
rope nd fastened at the top with a string. The 
fn.it - borne on long, slender stems, which,.with the 
ti.ii.ice. make a beautiful pyramid, the berries being 
on the outside and fully exposed. The next spring 
t in- old ou nes must be cut away, and the new shoots 
wound around the stake and fastened as before. 
We hope in a few weeks to present our readers with 
a good engraving of a plant in bearing, showing its 
habit and (he mode of training. 
\ : ; other things we saw at the Doctor’s, was a 
.•-ivdline Raspberry that seemed to be a cross be- 
■v. - ti„. Black Cap and the Red Antwerp. It is 
.lii as the latter, of a singular, light mulberry 
i. roots at the points of the shoots, and ripens 
about t < time of the Black Cap. It is very hardy, 
of good quality, and may prove valuable; for it is 
certainly far in advance of the Black Cap. 
tions, the great body of Southern horticulturists were opposed 
to secession, not but they had their differing views 
Pickled Cucumbers. —Wash your cucumbers 
very clean; make a pickle of salt and water suffi¬ 
ciently strong to float an egg, aud pour it. over them. 
Put a weight on the top of the vessel to keep the 
cucumbers under the brine, and let them stand nine 
days; then take them out aud wash them in fresh 
water. I.ine the bottom of the kettle with green 
Cabbage leaves, put in your pickles, and as much 
vinegar and water mixed in equal quantities, as 
will cover them. Put a layer of cabbage leaves on 
the top. Hang them over a slow fire; let the water 
get hot, but do not allow them to simmer, as that 
would soften them. When they are perfectly green, 
take them out and let them drain. Wipe them dry, 
put them in jars with some allspice, cloves, and a 
few small onions, or garlic, A piece of alum in 
each jar will keep them firm. Cover your pickles 
with the best cider vinegar— tie them close and 
keep them in a cool, dry place. By adding one 
Death op Horticulturists.— The Gardners’ Mommy 
notices the death of B, A. Fah.vkstook, one of the Vice 
Presidents of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society. It 
UIJS ‘ his collection of rare plants was probably the most 
valuable in the Union, and Ilia liberality iu allowing the 
friends of horticulture to see his collections, frequently 
afforded us opportunities of seeing extremely rare and valua¬ 
ble plants we should otherwise know only by reputation as 
species described in the Patent Office Deport, is ol 
service in ridding shade trees from caterpillars. 
Figure 4 is from Say’s figure ot this insect. Figure 
2, the natural size; and Fig. 3, amagnified view ot the 
insect found on the peach. The question arising in 
my mind is whether the criminal charged with 
puncturing the peaches, doe3 so for its vegetable, 
juices, or whether it is in quest of the grub ot the 
curculio or other insect already lodged within the 
fruit. The spinous, thickened femora of the fore 
legs, indicate that they are graspers, and designed 
by nature to prey upon other inseptB; hence 1 am 
under the necessity of suspending judgment until I 
more direct or positive proof is found against them. 
Before concluding this subject, I will say that 
various species of this order are apterous, and some 
with very short wing-covers, and erroneously sup¬ 
posed by some authors to be undeveloped or im¬ 
perfect insects, and as pupa' able to reproduce. But 
those that really obtain wings, in the peieet state, 
are of different genera. Thus the bed-bug (speak it 
softly ; has never been observed but with the minute 
rudimental upper wings, somewhat resembling the 
ordinary wing-cases of pupa'; while others are 
found perfectly apterous. I have seen it stated that 
specimens were found fully fledged; but this has 
been found to be erroneous. 
The C'mlddrn is properly restricted to the genus 
Cimex. The Cimex kdularius, of Linn., so feelingly 
known by ticklish persons, is the commou beg-bug. 
Linn.v.cs, however, Included the squash-bug ami 
others In bis genus Cimex. Fahkicius improperly 
changed the name “Cimex’ 1 to that of Acanthia, for 
The vessels should be clean, and, above all, 
U1 not have contained sour wine. Care should 
Growing Ccccmiierh and Melons. — Every year I have 
added to the pains heretofore taken, with more or lesssuocess, 
In growing vines and their fruits. The greatest obstacle to 
encounter has been the drouth, and this year the cucumbers 
especially were found to be abortions from this cause. Not 
wilting to give it up \ gave the wheel of emergency one more 
turn, by taking a pail not quite water-tight and setting it in 
among the hills and vines, and filling it with rain water twice 
a day. The result was, in a very few days, Ute Change in the 
appearance and vigor of the vines was most marked, and the 
cucumbers are now growing finely, and stretching themselves 
out in length and size to their fullest proportions.—S. N. 
Holm ics, Syracuse , 1862. 
THE FRUIT CROP 
The prospect of fruit continues encouraging. A 
little blight ia seen upon the pear trees, but the 
disease ia not as serious as last season, and the fruit 
is quite abundant The only difficulty this season 
will be an over-crop of apples, pears and plums, so 
that the size will be less than the average. Our 
fruit growers have not learned to thin out the fruit. 
The consequence, in fruitful seasons, is that trees 
are allowed to bear more than they can perfect; 
and iu Stead of having a crop of superior specimens, 
we have a great quantity of fruit of inferior size 
and quality. This is a great mistake, tor if halt the 
fruit were taken off as soon as set, as many bushels 
-would be produced, while the quality and size 
would be superior, and the price obtained much 
greater. We have an illustration of this tact in the 
crop of apricots, which is exceedingly largo, almost 
every tree being borne down with fruit, while in 
most, cases the specimens are not much larger than 
marbles. Occasionally we see a tree that from 
accidental causes, or from judicious thinning, is 
bearing only a fair crop, and on such the specimens 
are fine, and would sell for double the price of an 
ordinary fruit. 
Those who have searched for the curculio, may 
have found the little Turk at his usual work; but it 
has done but little if any mischief in this section of 
the country the present season. Every old and 
neglected plum tree is loaded wuth fruit, and if the 
curculio had taken one half it would have been all 
the better. The black-kuot, too, seems to have run 
its course, aud it is only occasionally we are re¬ 
minded of its past prevalence, by seeing an old tree 
that has lingered along for years under the infliction. 
Teaches will be abundant and good. The trees 
are not crowded, but most orchards will give a fair 
crop of superior fruit. 
Grapes are doing well, and if favored with a 
warm autumn, may ripen well, though we judge 
they are rather late. Isabellas, unless in favored 
situations, we fear will not ripen well. 
Kkrnng GraJ’BB,—W e record what appears to do a very 
good plan of keeping grapes, which Mr. Thomson had 
adopted, and which, writing on the 19th of April, he describes 
thus:—“ In February l cut a great m.uiy bunches of the Lady 
Downe’s vine. I left the bunches attached to the branches 
that, bore them, sharpened the points of the branches where 
they had been detached from the parent stem, and ran them 
a couple of inches into Mangel Wurzel routs. These I laid 
on the shelf of the fruit room, and allowed the grapes to hang 
over the shelf, and cut them ns required. In this way they 
kept perfectly plump iu berry till the last bunch was con 
mined this month."— Gardener's Chronicle. 
To Destroy House Flies. — It is, perhaps, not 
generally known that black pepper (not red) is a 
poison for many insects. The following simple 
mixture is said to be the best destroyer of the com¬ 
mou house fly extant : — Take equal proportions ot 
fine black pepper, fresh ground, and sugar, say 
enough of each to cover a ten-cont piece; moisten 
and mix well with a spoonful ot milk (a little cream 
is better); keep that in your room, and you will 
keep dowu the flies. One advantage over other 
poisons is, that it injures nothing else; aud another, 
that the flies seek the air, and never die in the house 
— the windows being open. 
decomposing it. But the tollowiug summer these 
wines are found to be muddy, and ferment often 
with great force, become sour, and are often com¬ 
pletely spoiled. The wine, then, should be placed 
in casks which have not been fumed, aud uo obsta¬ 
cle to fermentation should be opposed, nor should it 
lie arrested by the fumes of sulphur. There is no 
exception to this rule, save for those autumns which 
are unusually warm, and which cause fears that the 
fermentation will be too strong. In such a case, the 
vessels may bo fumed with sulphur. 
6 . The fermentation of red wine should be treated 
differently from that of white. The must ot black 
grapes may remain twenty-four hours, with the 
To Color Black. —Noticing an inquiry in a late 
number of the Rural how to color black that will 
not be harsh or fade, l send my mother’s way. 
Take an iron kettle, put iu a layer of sorrel, then a 
layer of cloth or yam, aud so alternately, until the 
kettle is full; pul iu soft water; keep warm lor sev¬ 
eral hours, then wring out and put iuto a logwood 
dye; keep warm iu that several hours, and so 
change frum one to the other until as black as you 
desire. Where sorrel cannot be obtained, two parts 
water to one of vinegar can be used.— Mrs. E. Mer- 
w in, Palmyra, Otoe Co., Nebraska, 1SG2. 
To Preserve Pears.— Pare them very thin, and 
simmer in a thin sirup; let them lie a day or two. 
Make the sirup richer, and simmer again, and 
repeat this till they are clear; then drain and dry 
*hem in the sun or a cuol oven a very little. They 
may be kept in sirup, aud dried as wanted, which 
makes them more moist and rich. Jargonelles are 
Pelargoniums— CeteMe has ‘“an entirely new shade of 
color, the lower petals being of a rich orange scarlet, the 
upper petals deep maroon, with a bright scarlet margin mid 
a clear white center; altogether a very novel and striking 
dower." Mrs. Hoyle, “a fine light flower, lower petals violet 
rose, upper pemlx same color, shaded with red with a small 
black spot.” Prlncetta, “ a very beautiful dark flower, upper 
petals glossy black, with a fiery crimson margin; lower petals 
heavily pencilled with dark red and rose, center clear white.’) 
A SUPPOSED PEACH ENEMY 
the curculio. Not being acquainted with what was 
supposed to be a new enemy which the peach 
grower would have to combat, we forwarded the 
specimens to Jacob Stauffer, of Lancaster, Ta., 
and have been favored with the following response; 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— The insects Inclosed 
in the letter of S. A. Gage, Wampsville, Madison 
Co., N. Y., have come to hand. Mr. G. charges 
them “with puncturing and destroying his peach 
crop,” stating that he found as many as 20 and 30 
punctures on a single peach, and adding that they 
are armed with a bill very much like the curculio. 
As I am not writing for savans, but for the benefit 
of the general reader, 1 shall indulge my own humor, 
regardless of criticism from the former-named source. 
I opened the lid of the “ Black Maria ” pill box, and 
brought one oi the imprisoned culprits on the stand, 
(of my microscope,) aud, as judge and jury, insti¬ 
tuted my examination. The curculio belongs to the 
order Coi.eoptera, and his “ bill” is an elongated 
snout, with a pair of small jaws at its end. The 
criminal in question I at once recognized as having 
Lancaster, Pa, 1862. 
GKASB Chop in France.— The reports from the wine dis¬ 
tricts of France are satisfactory. The grapes are of a larger 
growth than has been witnessed for many years. The disease 
in the vine has disappeared; and should the sun not be over¬ 
clouded. the wine of this year will he superior to that which 
has been produced of late. Both in Burgundy and in Bor¬ 
deaux tlicic ;' r e anticipations of a most successful vintage. 
CULTURE OF THE RASPBERRY 
The best plan for raspberry culture is to make 
the soil right at first by deep digging and draining, 
and afterwards mulch heavily without stirring the 
soil, pulling up by huud what few weeds appear. 
This we have always found to be the best practice, 
and finding the same system advocated by Rev. W. 
F. Radomff, in the English Florist and Pomolo- 
gist, we give a portion of the article. Speaking of a 
raspberry bed that had beeD forked up pretty deeply 
lu the spring, he says: “Now, I ask auy man how 
he can expect to have a crop of raspberries after 
this fashion? Not only are the old roots broken, 
but the new spongioles are broken also; and the 
roots being turned up to suu and wind, of course 
the crop dwindles away, lienee a man comes to 
the absurd conclusion that the garden will not bear 
Rk-Gildixg— I wish to inquire, through the 
columns of the Rural, the method of re-gilding old 
picture frames, window cornices, &c.; how the 
gilding is prepared and put on. Caa not this be 
done at home, without the trouble of sending to the 
city ? The information will be received with many 
thanks, by a— Subscriber, Albion, N. Y., 1S62. 
—• >- 
Excellent Crackers, — To fourteen cups of 
flour, add one cup of lard, two teaspoons soda, four 
do. of cream tartar. Rub the iugredients well into 
flour and add three cups of water. Work thor¬ 
oughly and bake quick.— Mary, KeUogsville, Ohio. 
Tus Bird’s Ego Grape.— This is a white speckled grape, 
produced by Mr. Wra. H. Head, from seed of “Millers 
Calmdale Seedling Grape.” It is a gTape of singular appear¬ 
ance; berry egg-shape, and strongly marked with dark brown 
specks like a bird’s egg; hence the name. In addition to us 
curious form, the raiser represents it to be of very superior 
quality. — Gardener's Monthly. 
