needed before them. This movement, on the pavt There is evidence of great activity on every hand. | 
f Gen. Banks, notwithstanding his heavy loss and These troops have not been thrown here without a 
re overwhelming force opposed to him, was (us purpose. Tbo regiments found here on our arrival 
sgularly conducted as though he was executing an are prepared for the most rapid movements. Their 
volution of a dress parade. Not a man of his baggage and tent equipage is reduced to the small- 
or pa—or, indeed, of any other—showed the white est amount, consistent; and an order to this effect, I 
lather, nor did a man even straggle to the rear to understand, is Issued, or about to be, for the benefit 
tie distance of more than half a mile, where stood of this corps. Some, of the knapsacks which our 
provost guard of Ricketts’ corps, bayonet in hand, soldiers are expected to carry ou their backs are of 
o check any, if there should be, disposed to skulk the most, prodigious weight—the fault of the men as 
fF the field. Hundreds of our wounded passed up, well as the officers, for they ought not. to allow them 
imping or being carried to the hospitals established to be filled with trash picked up here and thqre. 
u the rear, and in not one of them retaining con- Some of these knapsacks, on examination yester- 
ciousness did we discover aught but the most un- day, were found to weigh as much ns it has been the 
taunted eagerness to prosecute the engagement. rule to allow ollicers to take for baggage. This 
We left, the field at eight o’clock, for the night, weight on the back, a full haversack, forty rounds 
U midnight a discharge from one of our batteries of Cartridges and equipments, make a pretty heavy 
iron gilt on a renewal of the engagement, for two weight for a man to carry about under a sweltering 
lours, in the course of which each side ia believed sun. 
o have lost two or three hundred more in killed The ordor is, I believe, to dispense with the knap- 
md wounded. By a cavalry charge after midnight, sacks altogether, allowing only a rubber blan- 
>f the enemy, Generals Pope and McDowell, and ket, and either an overcoat or a woolen blanket, 
heir respective staff's, were within an inch of being with a change of underclothing, lor privates, while 
tilled or ridden down. They had dismounted in each officer is to be allowed thirty pounds baggage, 
,he front, to rest a few minutes from the saddle, instead of about eighty, as heretofore. ThiswiLlbe 
vhen the enemy's cavalry made so sudden a dash a great improvement so long as warm weather lasts, 
upon them that they had barely time to mount and and undoubtedly will be agreeable to all interested, 
get quickly out of the way. ffh so doing they were Heretofore officers have been expected to have a 
mistaken by a company of their own menforcharg- full dress uniform, so that they could make a fine 
ing rebels, and received their fire, killing a few of appearance on dress parade. If real service is 
their horses only, we believe. expected of officers and men, why is not an undress 
At fi P. M. yesterday, seven hundred and fifty of uniform, that will do for hard use, better than 
our wounded had reached Culpepper Court House, necessitating the transportation of more than double 
by ambulance. Every church and other suitable what is actually necessary? 
building in the. village, including private houses, Among the people whom the new order of ar- 
was filled with them. The citizens, male and rangements affects is a wealthy old planter, Dr. 
female,—those of secession proclivities even throw- Wallace, who lives not fur from where some of our 
ing them aside for the time being,—were very gen- troops are encamped. He owns over eight hundred 
erally vieing with each other in rendering them acres of excellent land, and has been, apparently, 
every accommodation and assistance in their power, one ot the leading men the rebels had in this vicin- 
Both sides made some hundreds of prisoners in ity to sustain their cause. But he deemed that he 
the course of the engagement, and it was from pris- bad too much at stake to run away, and therefore 
oners that it is made certain that the rebel loss is trusted to a head half gray and a closed mouth to 
equal to ours, if not greater. We estimate our killed protect him when his rebel friends had run away, 
and wounded at one thousand five hundred, after A few days since he was required to take the oath 
striving to inform ourselves as correctly as possible of aliegiauce, in consideration ol his well known 
on the subject. and often spoken prejudices, or otherwise to have 
Yesterday morning, on the re-formation of the the privilege ot going outside our lines. Alter the 
lines of Gen. Banks’ corps, in the rear of the time allowed him to deoide had expired, without 
re-onforcemeuts that had come up, as explained doing either, his comfortable residence was taken 
above, it was found that his loss had been by no possession of, and Dr. Cutter, division surgeon, has 
means as great as was thought at dark on the pre- selected the place as a division hospital, 
vious day. There are prevailing reports here that Richmond 
Both armies rested on Saturday night upon their and vicinity are becoming untenable, owing to the 
arms, in the nosidons in which the close of the bat- numerous hospitals and the poor condition they are 
man would be jealous." Addressing the Colonel, 
she added, • t You needn’t be troubled, sir, no 
Yankee girl will kiss you till yon change your 
politics.” " , , 
“ Give me that inducement, and 111 change them 
on the spot.” said the Colonel. 
“ No, no, Dave, ’twouldn't do,” replied the planter; 
u the conversion wouldn’t be genuwine—besides 
such things arn’t. proper, except ’mong blood rela¬ 
tions—and all the Yankees, you know, are first, 
cousins.” ... ... 
The conversation then subsided into a more placid 
mood, but lost none of its genial good humor. Re¬ 
freshments were soon set before ns, and while par¬ 
taking of them 1 gathered from our hostess that she 
was a Vermont country girl. who. some three years be¬ 
fore, had been induced by liberal pay to come South 
as a teacher. A sister accompanied her, and about 
a year after their arrival, she married a neighboring 
planter. Wishing to be near her sister, our hostess 
had also married and settled down for life in that, 
wild region. “I like the country very well,” she 
added—Ml's a great sight easier living here than in 
Vermont; but I do hate these lazy, shiftless, good- 
for-nothing niggers; they are SO slow, and so care¬ 
less, and so dirty, that I sometimes think they will 
worry the very life out of me. I do believe I’m the 
hardest mistress iu all the district.” 
1 learned from her that a majority of the teachers 
at the. South are from the North, and principally, 
too, from New England, Teaching is a very labori¬ 
ous employment there, far more so than with us; for 
the Southerners have no methods like onrs, and the 
same teacher usually has to bear lessons in branches 
all the way from Greek and Latin to lhe_simple 
A B C. The South has no system of public instruc¬ 
tion; no common schools; no means ot placing 
within the reach of the sons and daughters ol the 
poor even the elements of knowledge. While the 
children ot the wealthy are most carefully educated, 
it is the policy of the ruling class to keep the great 
mass of the people in ignorance; and so long as this 
policy continues, so long will that, section be as far 
behind the North as it now is. in all that constitutes 
true prosperity and greatness. 
[Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker.] 
HISTORY OF THE EJSGLISH LANGUAGE 
cavalry only, uot being sufficient to hold the ground 
In front of such a force. He. however, disputed it 
inch by inch with the enemy, and succeeded in cap¬ 
turing about thirty rebel prisoners, including a 
major, a captain, and two lieutenants, on his retreat. 
His own loss was not over three men. lie retired 
to the north and east side of Robinson river, about 
eight miles from Culpepper Court House, and there 
awaited a supporting force to arrive from the imme¬ 
diate vicinity of that point. 
At noon of the same day, Gen. Pope, on learning 
these facts, instantly ordered Gen. Crawford to 
march his brigade to that point. In half an hour 
after receiving this order, Crawford was on the 
march. As his brigade, the 23th New York. lOlh 
Maine, 46th Pennsylvania and 5th Connecticut, and 
ten pieces of artillery, filed rapidly through the 
village of Culpepper Court House to the gay music 
of its four splendid bands, its appearance was the 
theme of admiration of the many experienced offi¬ 
cers of the staffs of Gens. Pope and McDowell, who 
went over from their encampments near by to see 
it start out. They one and all declared that they 
never saw troops with more reliable fight in them, 
and predicted that should they engage the enemy 
they would win a name to endure as long as the 
history of the war itself. The result proved the 
correctness of their judgment. Crawford proceeded 
rapidly to the front, and occupied a position about 
seven miles from Culpepper Court House, imme¬ 
diately in the rear of the line of Bayard’s cavalry. 
Shortly after ordering Crawford, Gen. Pope also 
ordered the rest of Banks’ corps to move rapidly 
from Hazel river bridge, near Griffinsburg, nine 
miles from Culpepper Court House, where it had 
arrived the night before, to the scene of expected 
conflict. 
By 8 o’clock P. M. the head of Gen. Banks’ col¬ 
umn was descried marching around the village to 
its destination, which it reached before midnight. 
That point was immediately in the rear of Craw¬ 
ford. Maj.-Gen. Sigel was also at the same time 
ordered up lroni Sperryville, and by a forced march 
of twenty miles, his advance reached the village by 
daylight. 
Throughout Friday night and Saturday forenoon, 
Bayard continued skirmishing with the enemy’s 
advance, until the latter, at 2 P M., had progressed 
to within long range of Crawford’s avtillery. At 4 
P. M. the enemy developed a heavy increase ol' 
artillery, when a portion of that of Gen. Banks 
came up and went into the action, there not being 
room enough in the position occupied by our forces 
for "bringing the whole of it in play. The contend¬ 
ing forces, at the opening of the battle, were appa- 
“ Fi.ao of our country, 
C.ently wave o’er us, 
On every hill-top, 
From Texas to Maine; 
Eucirele our Union 
With friendly devotion; 
Let peace and contentment 
Surround us again.” 
so large a body of men together as the rebels 
recently had in and about that city. A woman who 
arrived in Fredericksburg on Saturday, almost 
direct from Richmond, reports that when she left 
that city the people there were in a state of mind 
bordering on a panic, owing to the fear of a pesti¬ 
lence. Such as could do so were about to flee the 
city. This coincides with numerous other reports 
from different sources. 
A scouting party from an Indiana cavalry regi¬ 
ment, while some distance beyond our lines yester¬ 
day, suddenly came upon a battery of artillery 
which the rebels had masked, and several of our 
men were wounded. The cavalry fell back for 
re-enforcements, while the rebels withdrew. The 
affair took place near the line of the railroad, some 
eight or nine miles beyond Fredericksburg. The 
main force of the rebels is said to be not far from 
Gordonsville, on the Virginia Central road. 
The Fredericksburg correspondent of the Tribune 
states that an expedition from Burnside’s division, 
on Wednesday last, made a descent ou the Virginia 
Central Railroad, at Frederick’s Hall Station, and 
took up eighty lengths of rail, cut the telegraph, 
burning the wire and poles, and blew up the road 
bed with powder. A large lot of new T rails, 
which were piled alongside the track, were made 
into a barricade across the road bed, and warped 
and burned by kindling large fires under and about 
them. Companies G, H and E went down to the 
station and destroyed the water tanks, telegraph 
wire, 5,000 bushels of grain, and a large lot of 
whisky and other army stores, which were awaiting 
transportation to the enemy at Gordonsville. This 
force was in command of Lieut.-Col. Kilpatrick, 
who commanded in the recent brilliant raid to 
Beaver Dam. 
Adjutant Benjamin Gregory, with a party, was 
sent down to near Dumas Turn-out, to blow up the 
track and switches, which was accomplished in a 
most thorough manner. At this point the water 
tanks and depot were burned, the track destroyed, 
and a small culvert was blowu up with powder. A 
little further on the track was barricaded with new 
rails, rendered useless by burning, as were those 
above Frederick's Hall 
mishing with ours immediately commenced. Their 
forces had, however, disappeared from sight. At 
sunrise a rebel brigade, supported by artillery, 
emerged from the woods In the front, and just as 
they got into line of battle, Gen. Milroy opened on 
them with his battery of Wiard guns, which seemed 
to sweep off an entire company or two, the rest, 
instantly taking to tbeir heels for the cover of the 
woods. Shortly afterwards Gen. Bayard, who con¬ 
tinued as before, in the extreme front, scouting to 
the right and left with his cavalry, reported them 
filing in force in both those directions, as though 
aiming to flank us on both sides, Gen. Popo 
immediately dispatched Tower's division of McDow¬ 
ell’s corps to follow, watch and confront, them on 
the right, and a division of Sigel's corps d'armee — 
whose we did not learn—to do the same for those 
moving on the left. Gen. Bayard, with two regi¬ 
ments of. his cavalry brigade, from New Jersey 
and Pennsylvania, was thrown in advance of 
ROCHESTER, N. Y., AUGUST 23, 1862. 
THE WAR’S PROGRESS 
The Hattie nt Cedar Mountain. 
The battle of Saturday, the 9th, is one of the 
most important of the war, not merely on account 
of the desperate valor and unfaltering discipline 
displayed by our troops, the obstinacy of the con¬ 
test, and the heavy loss on both sides, but because 
of its important effect on the campaign of which it 
makes a part. The campaign on the part of Jack- 
son is an attempt to penetrate and recover the 
valley of the Shenandoah, whence the richest sup¬ 
plies are drawn, and the possession of which is of 
such practical importance in the endeavor to hold 
Virginia in the Southern Confederacy, as hardly to 
be estimated. 
At the same time, the rebel leaders hoped by this 
movement to so threaten Washington and Maryland 
as to relieve Richmond, and withdraw again our 
armies to the line of the Potomac. 
To secure such 
objects as these, and knowing the Government is 
now relatively weaker and the rebellion stronger 
than could again occur in the war, the Richmond 
leaders sent the flower of the Southern infantry, 
under their most popular leaders and enterprising 
generals, a large body of cavalry under their most 
distinguished cavalry officer, Maj.-Gen. Stewart, aiul 
an abundance of artillery. 
When Jackson had arrived with his forces as far 
as Louisa Court House and Gordonsville, and found 
the disposition of Gen. Pope’s troops such that not 
only his purpose to enter the valley was foiled, but 
his own direct communications with Richmond were 
interrupted, he called for further re-enforcements, 
and with those, which were freely furnished, at¬ 
tempted to stem Pope’s advance upon the Virginia 
Central Railroad—the destruction, or even the per¬ 
manently threatening of which must bar from Rich¬ 
mond all hope of the material or political control 
of Central Virginia. Jackson attempted, by a feint 
upon Madison Court House aud Sperryville, to 
detain our force at the latter point, while at the 
same time he threw the mass of his force, number¬ 
ing 35.000 men, by way of Orange Court House, 
upon us at Culpepper, expecting to And only a 
portion of our forces there, which he could over¬ 
whelm, and then march on Sperryville from Cul¬ 
pepper, and check the army corps of Sigel. His 
plans were completely foiled by the rapid concen¬ 
tration of our forces at. Culpepper and our meeting 
The cool and determined tem- 
nearing that three trams 
were expected up with troops from Richmond, the 
expedition commenced its return march. The large 
bridge across the Paiuunkey was burned, to prevent 
the enemy from following us up. 
rebel artillery. They were, however, each time 
received by a very heavy infantry tire, slaughtering 
them fearfully. That they should have persevered 
to make three successful charges in the face of such 
a deadly fire, from so superior numbers, concealed 
in woods, is really the wonder of the war. These 
charges developed t.he fact that the enemy actually 
engaged greatly outnumbered our forces, we hav¬ 
ing only about 7,000 in action. 
Being thus informed of the location of tho main 
body ot the rebel infantry, our artillery played sad 
havoc with them, driving decimated regiment after 
regiment back into the shelter of the dense forest, 
to have their places instantly occupied by fresh 
regiments, to be decimated iu the same way. Among 
others, this fire killed the rebel Generals Winder 
and Trimble. The arm of the former was torn off 
by a shell, and he died very shortly afterward from 
the flow of blood, and Trimble was knocked dead 
from his horse by the explosion of a shell. 
Having put the forces of McDowell and Sigel in 
rapid motion lor the. field of action, Gen. Pope, with 
his staff, accompanied by Gen. McDowell and his 
staff, immediately proceeded together from their 
headquarters to the front. As they passed Ricketts’ 
division and the head of Sigel’s army corps, that 
lined the road for tho whole six miles, each 
regiment halted for the instant, wheeled into line, 
and gave Gen. Pope three cheers and a tiger, and 
then wheeling again into marching column, pushed 
forward with signal eagerness for the tray. At 7 
o'clock P. M. Generals Pope and McDowell reached 
the thickest of the fight, and the advance guard of 
Ricketts coming up at the same time, took position 
immediately iu the rear of that occupied by Gen. 
Banks’ corps. 
There being no room on the field for deploying 
more troops of ours than were under Banks, those 
of Ricketts could not get into actual action before 
night came on, which lor some hours prevented fur¬ 
ther fighting. In the course of the engagement our 
forces engaged had retired perhaps a mile from the 
AMONG THE PINES 
“ Among tiie Pines ; or, South in Secession- 
Time,” a new work by Edmund Kirkf,, is de¬ 
servedly attracting much attention from the press 
and people. It is an extraordinary, but evidently 
faithful picture of plantation life in the Carolinas. 
We have read it with absorbing interest, and been 
thrilled with its vivid scenes ami descriptions. The 
author is apparently a candid, sincere man—neither 
pro-slavery nor abolitionist—and aims to depict the 
social system of the South as it exists, or as it did at 
the time ol the opening of the rebellion. Among 
the many humorous incidents related, is one de¬ 
scribing wherein the author and u South Carolina 
Colonel sought refuge from a severe thunder storm 
at the house of a planter, whose wife, a Yankee girl, 
had a few years before gone South as a teacher. 
We quote from the chapter entitled “ The Y'ankoe 
School-Mistress” — commencing at the point where 
the author makes a discovery: 
‘•I’ve found you out—you’re a • country-woman’ 
of mine—a clear-blooded Yankee!” 
‘•What! you a Yankee!” she exclaimed, still 
laughing, “ and here with this horrid 1 secesherner,’ 
as they call him.” 
•’True as preachin’. Ma’am,” I replied, adopting 
the drawl—‘‘all the way from Down East, and 
Union, tu, stiff'as buckram.” 
"l)u tell!” she pxchumed. swinging my hands 
together as she held them in hers. "If I wara’t 
hitched to this ’eve feller, I'd give ye a smack right 
on the spot. I’m so glad to see ve.” 
"Do it, Sally—never mind me” cried her husband, 
joining heartily in the merriment. 
Seizing the collar of my coat with both hands, she 
drew my lace clown till my lips almost touched hers, 
(I was preparing to blush, and the Colonel shouted, 
Mm at Cedar Run 
per ot Banks accepted the proffered battle immedi¬ 
ately, aud the battle of Saturday was fought between 
the advance under Gen. Banks and the advance of 
Jackson under himself and Ewell. After endeavor¬ 
ing in vain to rout ami drive Banks’ corps, Jackson 
found b'aiself compelled at night, by the rapid 
movements in front of him, to fall back to a strong 
defensive position in the Cedar Mountains, and still 
liuding his line of retreat growing insecure, in the 
succeeding uight he retreated altogether, retiring 
beyond Robertson’s river, and again beyond the 
Rapidan. The result is, Jackson was foiled and 
forced to abandon his operations, and Ms prestige 
seriously impaired. lie will be rapidly followed. 
The editor of the Washington Star, who was on a 
visit to his family at Culpepper Court House at the 
time of the battle, gives the following account of it, 
containing items of interest not heretofore men¬ 
tioned : 
On Friday last, Gen. Pope, staff', and escort, 
busy scene, 
