ggffcuL Tq 
flCRICULTURF 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1802, 
man from a committee often causes a good deal of 
trouble. The ladies will want you to carry their 
butter, and honey, and fruits, and the hundred 
pretty things which female fingers so dexterously 
conjure up. The boys and the girls will want you 
to accompany them on their holiday, for they have 
been looking forward to the time and counting the 
hours for many long days; and it will be a sore 
disappointment to them and sadden all their joy, 
put out the light in their eyes and banish the smile 
from their bright, faces, if you refuse, on any pre¬ 
tense whatever, to take them to the Fair. Who 
would destroy so many bright hopes and sadden so 
many glad hearts? 
orchard products is 150 per cent,, in the ten years 
from 1840 to 1850: and since that time, we have no 
doubt, it has been far more rapid; for onr young 
orchards are beginning to bear, and every year 
adds largely to our crop of fruit. 
The increase in the production of wine is 700 per 
cent. Wine-making has only just been commenced 
in this country; and if no other good results, in a 
few years the Imported article will, as a general 
thing, be driven from the market, and thus a large 
item of expense will be saved the count ry. 
When we receive the volume, we will resume the 
subject, and eudeavor to give our readers, as tar as 
census returns can be made to do so, a view of the 
Condition and prospects ot the agricultural interests 
of the country. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
THK LEADING AMERICAN WEEKLY 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON. Western Corresponding Editor, 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Yalne, Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various departments, 
and earnestly labors to render the Rural a» eminently Reliable 
Guide on all the important Practical, Scientific and other 
Subjects intimately connected with the business of those whose 
interests it zealously advocates As a Family Journal it is 
eminently Instructive and Entertaining —being so conducted 
that it can be safely takeu to the Hearts and Homes of people 
of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces more 
Agricultural, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary 
and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful 
Engravings, than any other journal,—rendering it the most 
complete Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper 
in America. 
ty - For Terms and other particulars, sob last patfe. 
FOWLS AND FOWL HOUSES 
The question is often asked whether a large 
number of fowls can he kept in one house with 
profit. Many find a few fowls profitable; but when 
they attempt to keep a large number, disease and 
vermin soon appear among the flocks, and the 
enterprise is abandoned. In nine cases out of ten, 
those who have endeavored to make poultry-keep¬ 
ing a large atul profitable business have been unsuc¬ 
cessful. We have before expressed the opinion that 
this was not a necessary result, but caused solely 
by inattention to the wants of the fowls, and 
especially by neglect ot cleanliness. A few birds 
may care for themselves, and do tolerably well, but 
a large flock requires strict attention—their yards, 
houses, and nests must he kept scrupulously clean, 
and abundance of suitable food and pure water 
furnished at all times. The greater the number 
OUR AGRICULTURAL FAIRS. 
ROOSTINQ ROOM 
September is once more, upon us, and this and 
the early part of the coming month is the season 
for holding our Agricultural Fairs. In our last 
issue we gave as full a list, of these exhibitions, and 
the lime, and place of meeting, as we could obtain. 
We have a duty still to perform, and that is to urge 
our readers to give these Annual Fairs the time 
and attention necessary to their success. The man¬ 
agers may make all proper arrangements, and 
expend money freely—their plans may be wisely 
devised and vigorously executed—yet, unless the 
people, for whose benefit the whole is designed, do 
take hold of the work in earnest, failure will he 
the result. It is not only necessary that farmers 
should give a day or so in attendance on these 
Fairs, but that they should bestow previous thought, 
and make the necessary calculations for the exhi¬ 
bition of animals and the various products of the 
farm and orchard. The ladies play an important 
part in.these gatherings; and the domestic hall, in 
which are collected the wonderful specimens of 
female skill and patience, forms one of the most 
interesting features of our agricultural shows. The 
youth, too, must do their part. Onr State Agricul¬ 
tural Society offers premiums for the best steers of 
one, two and three years, trained and exhibited by 
boys under sixteen years of age; and County Agri¬ 
cultural Societies should make similar awards. 
For butter made by girls under twenty-one, this 
Society otiers four premiums—a silver cup, pair of 
butter knives, silver teaspoons, and silver medal- 
Horace Greeley, through the same. Society,offers 
a premium of fifty dollars to the boy under eighteen 
years of age who shall grow, within the State, the 
best acre of carrots in 1862 —the ground to be in one 
contiguous piece, and to be prepared and the crop 
cultivated and secured by the applicant. These are 
examples worthy of imitation by both County and 
Slate Associations. The young of to-day will he 
the good or bad farmers of the country after twenty 
years have passed; and in no way can we as well 
advance the true Interests of agriculture, as in 
exciting in the young a love of rural life and a 
Feed and Nest Room. 
r PUMP ® i — -- 
COCK 
PASSAGE 
-Basement. 
Fig. 2.—Ground Floor. 
AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS 
Although the Agricultural Statistics gathered 
by the takers of the census may not he correct in 
every instance, they are doubtless so in the main, 
and present, a very good index of the progress of 
our country in the most important of all industrial 
pursuits. It is, therefore, will) the greatest, interest 
that we peruse these volumes that appear every ten 
years. A Preliminary Report on the United States 
Census of 18G0 will soon be published and circulated 
among the people, and we are looking for its appear¬ 
ance with great interest, for it will afford a fine field 
for thought and comparison. The New York Trib¬ 
une lias received an advance copy of this Report, 
and made some extracts, from which we copy the 
following table, showing the aggregate agricultural 
productions of the whole country, according to the 
present and the previous national census—the years 
of 1841) and ls5'J—the last year previous to the taking 
of each census being selected lor the purpose. 
Articles. 1849. 1859. Increase. 
Wheat, bushels _ 100,485,944 171,183,381 70,097.435 
Indian Com, bushels 593 071104 830,451.707 238.880.603 
Cotton, hales _ 2.445.703 5,190,944 2,751,151 
Butter lbs. 248,075.322 460.000.854 211,834 532 
Cheese, lbs. 105,535,803 105.875,135 339,242 
Animals slaughtered.1111,703.142 $212,871,058 $101,108,511 
Sheen, No...!. 21,723.220 23 817.750 1,604.580 
Wool, lbs . 62,012.969 00,011 848 7.908,884 
Sugar cane, lbs .. 237.133.000 302,205.000 65,072.000 
Molasses, KftUons_ 12 700,991 16 837,080 3.030,089 
Sugar, maple, lbs. .. 31.253.480 88,808,884 4,610.448 
Tobacco, lbs . 109,752,055 429.300,771 229,638.110 
Wine, gallons. 221.240 1,800.008 1.238.759 
Hay. tuns 18,888.042 10,129,128 5,290,486 
Orchard products, val. $7,723,180 $19,753,361 $12,030,175 
It will be seen from the above that there lias been 
an increase in all our staple agricultural products, 
while in some the excess of 1SDD over li>49 is quite 
marked — even move than double in some cases. 
During the ten years, our population increased 
about 3oJ per cent.; yet, notwithstanding the extra¬ 
ordinary ills the wheat-grower has had to contend 
with of late, and the almost entire abandonment of 
wheat-culture in some sections, on account of the 
ravages of the fly. the wheat crop of 1859 was 70 per 
cent, over that of 1840, 
■Section at C. Fig. 7—Sec. at N Fig. S.—sec. Roosting Room. 
II, If.—Openings to roosting room. 
1.—Ventilator. 
.1, J.—Openings in inclined floor under skylights, to admit 
the light to lower itoor, which warms in winter and keeps 
sand dry. 
K. —Passage way from house to yard. 
L. —Pile of burnt, oy ster shells, bones, &e. 
M. —rig pen 
N. N.— Covered shelter in yard, for fowls to use in either 
Wet or snnnv weather. 
O. —Stone Clnlctn in Woman)-. 
I’.—Feed. 
Q, R —Cow Stalls. 
8 —Manure and compost vault. 
T. —Roosts. 
U. —Skylight, ventilator, &e. 
V. —Inclined floor for droppings. 
W. —Trap and spout to the vault. 
X. —Sand bottom 
7,.— Yard— all sand and ashes. 
Fig. •!.—Section at A, Fio fl.—Section at B. Fig. 6 
description and kkkbrkncks to illustrations. 
A A.— Water trough nnd section. 
B, B.—Feed box and section ; bolds fifty bushels 
C, C.—Nests and section NC't on each side of the hole, 
being two for each entrance, which allows the lien to be out 
Of sight while on the must. The eover lifts up for the purpose 
of taking out eggs. &«. The. nests are so eonslrueied as to 
be taken apart, by loosening the books, each one being the 
same us a drawer in a bureau. They ran he taken opart, 
cleaned, mled. and put up again in ten minutes or e-ss. There 
tire iu th»* tie.Ht* tv prison u lirre 
hens wauling to Alt are put tor three, linyf without food or 
water, which effects a perfect, remedy. 1 claim this to be the 
best plan for nous rxlant. 
I>.—Tool closet. 
E, — Ventilator from basement, and also used to send down 
bay from loft. 
F, F.—Slat partitions. 
O.—Trap door and spout leading to compost vault. 
We have fallen upon evil times—the attention 
of the community is distracted, if not absorbed in 
other matters of vast moment. The call is urgent, 
for men and money, to save our loved country from 
ruin by parricidal hands, and both have been offered 
the Government with a patriotic ardor that, has 
astonished the civilized world, and will redound to 
our houor us a people while liberty and law are 
revered on the earth. Our sons, and brothers, and 
This is a gratifying fact, 
full of the highest, encouragement; for a country can 
hardly become poor, or receive even a temporary 
check in its course of prosperity, that shows such an 
increase iu the production of the staff of life. The 
increase iu the corn crop is about 40 per cpnt.; and 
this, too, is quite satisfactory; for the full report 
will show that we have grown peas, barley, and 
other crops that in a measure take the place of corn, 
especially for pork-making, and that many of the 
Western corn-growers are giving considerable at¬ 
tention to the culture of sorghum. 
Dairy products show an increase of 4G per cent. 
This is mostly in Imtter; in cheese there is but little 
change. Since 1859 we have no doubt there has 
been a much greater increase; for in 1SG0 we ex¬ 
ported ten million pounds of butter, and in 1801 
twenty-three million; iu 18G0 twenty-three million 
pounds of cheese, and in 1861 forty million. 
The improvement in the value of slaughtered 
animals is DO per cent, or nearly double. We have 
no tables at hand by which we can ascertain how 
great a portion of this increase was exported; but it 
■was no doubt quite large, for the increase in popu¬ 
lation would not indicate a home market. In 1861 
we exported fifty million pounds of cut meats. One 
hundred and sixteen thousand barrels of pork, and 
twenty-nine thousand barrels and thirty-three thou¬ 
sand tierces of beef. 
The product of tobacco has more than doubled, 
but how great a proportion of this was grown in the 
Northern States we are unable to say. 
Our hay crop, which is one of the most important, 
and the value of which is seldom realized, has ad¬ 
vanced 40 per cent. 
We have often expressed our belief that this will 
become, and that most speedily, the greatest fruit¬ 
growing country in the world; and the prediction is 
soon to be realized. In a few years, American 
apples will be as common in the markets of Europe 
as American wheat and Hour are at the present time, 
and will be as highly prized. The increase in our 
utmost. A day or two of recreation-a little relief -y -F— • 
- . - , ... . The nests are so constructed as to be all taken 
from llie anxiety, and care, and labor of ttonmmi- . two mio ,„ ra are 1)er( e Ct |y smooth 
ally trying UM_W.11 exert » .alatary eltect .» ^ a „ d md all0 ^ g „ M lB every two months 
both mind and body, and prepare ua or a more taken down, cleanly waalicd. and then 
thorough performance ul 'he duties .bat are upon c01lled win , oil. and I 
us. He who makes an effort for the improvement , J . . , , „„„ 
. , . , , , ' ,. have never vet seen u single louse neai them, nor 
ot the agriculture of the country, does something to , / , , ■ - „ mu. nl i 
b .. ... i,i , can one be found around my premises. The oil we 
increase its wealth and power; and there never was .A „„,i u „„„ u ™iio 4 
... i i- apply with a common brush, and it can be mien 
a time in our history when there was more need of 11 J , . .. . , ... 
... . - upon as being a sure preventive (M/ainst vermin on 
the proper ellort in this direction. )■ / .’> 6 
Hundreds of thousands of dollars, and a large J ow s ‘ 
amount of time, will be expended in getting up The variety ot fowls best for the poulteier to keep 
Agricultural Exhibitions this season; and whether for profit is a matter of some importance, and at this 
this time and money are profitably laid out or time we can investigate the subject v. ithout txcite- 
w as ted, and perhaps worse than wasted, depends ment, or prejudice, and perhaps without any danget 
upou the action of farmers, and particularly upon of treading upon the toes of any dealer in fancy 
those scores of thousands of intelligent readers of fowls. Whatever breed is selected, the keeper will 
the Rural aud other agricultural publications, find it, to his interest to kill all over twooi thieeyeais 
Those who do not attend these Fairs, can of course a £ e at furthest; for we have always found that 
derive no benefit; but, more than this, they do an old hens produce fewer eggs, want to sit more fre- 
actual injury, as their presence, countenance and quently, and are more difficult to “break up. 
counsel are necessary to make them profitable. In The largo Chinese fowls were, no doubt, wonder- 
every section there are a few unprincipled persons fully over-praised. The people of almost the whole 
that always attend such gatherings; aud if the bet- civilized world became affected by the Shanghai 
ter portion of the citizens—the intelligent farmers— excitement; and therefore it was not strange thal 
stay away, these will give it a character that will the people of America, who are proverbially sus- 
result in evil to the Society and to all aoneerued. ceptible to influences of this kind, should feel it; 
Be assured, then, that you are needed, and not only effects rather severely. Now that the excitemeni 
your presence, but your aid, in making up the great has passed away, there is danger of going to the 
show of agricultural productions. You are wanted, other extreme. These large fowls accomplished £ 
too, on committees; and if you have been appointed, groat, deal of good for the poultry of the country 
be sure to attend, for the absence of one honest We liaYl bred our old stock until it had become sadli 
CORN AND BEAN HARVEST 
LEG OF THE DORKING. 
They are square and compact in form, with short 
legs, short neck, and heavy breast, giving a greater 
proportion of desirable flesh to the amount ot offal 
than almost any other fowl. They fatten easily, and 
this, with the other desirable qualities mentioned, 
makes them favorites with those who deal in dressed 
poultry. The Dorking lays well, and makes a goed 
mother, though we prefer lighter fowls for this pur¬ 
pose. 
The Spanish, or Black Spanish, is the most beauti¬ 
ful of all our domestic fowls; aud this is the variety 
which Mr. H BBRi ex seems to prefer. We quote the 
description of Kuhakiisox: —“The color of the 
Spanish fowl is a glossy black, and the feathers of 
the legs, thighs, and belly, are particularly decided 
in their hue, aud of a velvety aspect It is a stately 
bird, and ot a grave aud majestic deportment, and 
is, in either utility or beauty, to be surpassed by 
none of its congeners. One of the most striking 
characteristics of this fowl is a white cheek, and 
the comb and wattles are singularly large, simple, 
and of a very high color; the teet and legs are of a 
leaden color, except the soles of the feet, which are 
of a dirty fleshy hue. A full grown cock will weigh 
about 71 pounds; the hen about 6$. This is a fowl 
well deserving the attention of the breeder, aud 
presents no peculiarities of constitution that would 
; suggest difficulties in either hatching or rearing. 
ia inLia Birds thpv hold a nlace in the very first 
Editors Rural New-Yorkf,r:— Our crops, with 
the exception of corn and beans, are mainly har¬ 
vested, and we have no reason to complain at the 
result. The wet weather caused the wheat to shell 
some, and in a few cases there may he a little injury 
from growing; but take it altogether, wc have good 
reason to he satisfied, and to thank a kind I rovidence 
that it. is so well with us in this respect. It is easy 
for some to grumble, wiili or without cause; but it 
is better that we should all look at the bright side. 
With hay it was a catching time, but the crop in this 
section was secured in good condition. For a little 
Lime there was something o! a scare about hay, and 
the price went up rapidly; but when the facts be¬ 
came known the price receded, and there is no pros¬ 
pect at present that hay will be unusually high the 
coming winter. Still, it brings a good paying price, 
aud this in the end is best for all. 
Our corn is now coming on very well; and the 
crop, though not as large as we have had some sea¬ 
sons, will be pretty fair, if the Irost keeps off a few 
weeks longer. On the night of the third we had a 
little fYoet, though not enough to do injury. For a 
day or so things looked serious for the corn; but tho 
weather is now wurrn, and it is very likely corn 
will he out of danger before another cold snap. It 
will, however, require all the season we are likely 
to have; and farmers, now that most other things 
are out of the way, can afford to give the time neces- 
