attempts made to rear queens from the remaining 
drone larvae. On destroying these, removing all 
the unsealed brood, and re-inserting the imprisoned 
queen, the bees speedily showed their willingness 
to receive her, and she was treated with due respect 
and attention when liberated. 
There was obviously an error of instinct in this 
case, as the bees undertook to rear a queen from 
drone larvic rather than accept one already fertile. 
This was the more surprising as they had not long 
been used to the presence of a drone-producing 
queen. If the colony had not been in a movable 
comb-hive, it would hare been exceedingly dillicult, 
if not impossible, to apply a remedy in this case. 
Last spring my brother-in-law had three queen¬ 
less colonies in his apiary. It was late when he dis¬ 
covered their queenless condition, and one of them 
wa 3 so greatly reduced, that it could only be re¬ 
stored by the insertion of combs with worker brood. 
Royal cells were started, and a queen reared in this 
colony. "When the young queen made her bridal 
excursion, the bees accompanied her in a body, and 
clustered on a neighboring tree as a swarm. He 
hived them as usual 5 but next day they issued 
again, and repeated this seven times on different 
days—change of hive and temporary confinement 
of the queen having been resorted to in rain to 
induce them to Btay. Finally, the insertion of a 
comb with eggs and larva; effected a change of 
temper, and they suffered the queen to leave unat¬ 
tended. 
Here, evidently, an inordinate attachment to their 
queen, and desire for brood, caused the bees to pur¬ 
sue a course calculated more than any other to 
defeat their object; as the lecundation of a queen 
very rarely occurs while a colony is in the act qJ 
swarming.—0. IIotue, in the Bienenzeitung. 
bees is the maximum number which can, in the most 
favorable circumstances, contemporaneously exist 
in a colony, as the progeny of a single queen. Such 
is, consequently, the largest extent to which the 
population of a single colony can at any time attain, 
by natural process.— Donhoff’s Contributions to 
Bee Culture. 
CONNECTICUT. 
Fairfield. Norwalk_ 
Windham, Brooklyn___ 
Middlesex. Middletown__ 
Tolland Co. Horse Show. Rockville_ 
NEW JERSEY. 
Monmouth. Freehold.... 
Burlington, Mount Holly.. 
PENNSYLVANIA 
Erie, Erie_____ 
Bucks. Newtown_ 
Susquehanna. Montrose...... 
Beaver, Beaver_....___ 
Washington, Washington_ 
Chester, Westchester . 
Lawrence. New Castle... 
Luzerne. AVilkesbarrc. 
Snyder. Middlebur.v... 
Crawford Comieautville... 
Indiana, Indiana___ 
Columbia, Bloorasburg. 
The Nkw York State Fair, as our readers havealrea/lv 
been advised, is to be held In this city from Sept. 30th to Oct. 
3d, inclusive. The arrangements for a grand Exhibition and 
large attendance are nearly completed. Pamphlets containing 
Regulations and List of Premiums offered (amounting to 
upward or J9.000) have been circulated over the State, and a 
large and beautiful poster, containing the programme of the 
Fair, is being widely distributed. While the officer* of the 
StAte Society have been tlms active, the Board of Managers of 
the Monroe Co. Ag Society (having the Local Arrangement* 
for the Fair in charge.) have doue nobly in preparing their 
grounds for the exhibition. The buildings, stables, stalls. 
&c., are nearly completed, and will excel those furnished for 
previous exhibitions. The main buildings are designed to be 
permanent, and hence well constructed—a great improvement 
over the temporary erections at former Fairs. With these, 
and other preparations and arrangements, the Fair ought to 
prove a success, as we trust it may, the war excitement to the 
contrary notwithstanding. Every town in Western New 
York, especially, should he well represented on the occasion, 
and we hope to see many thousands from other sections. The 
watering places arc more numerously thronged this season 
than usual, and it is hoped the State Fairs will be equally well 
attended 
-Sept. 17, 18 
Sept, 30—Oct. 1 
.(postponed) 
Sept. 24, 25 
.Sept, 24, 26 
Sept. 24—26 
Sept. 24—26 
Sept. 26, 27 
Oct, 1— 3 
Oct. 1— 3 
.Oct. 1— 3 
Oct. 1— 3 
Oct 1— 3 
Oct 15—18 
Fall Flowing. 
The editor of the Illinois Farmer says:—So 
Boon as the small grains are harvested, no time 
should be lost in putting the plow to work. The 
stubble should be turned under with a shallow 
furrow, that the grain scattered out on the ground 
may come up for fall feed for stock, and to rot the 
weeds and other trash that covered the surface; 
besides this, if aarain plowed in the spring, the plow 
can go below the old furrow and not turn up hut 
turn under still deeper the seeds of weeds. Some 
years since, we took a good lesson in this mode of 
plowing; wo deeply fall-plowed some three acres 
intended for spring rape; this we again plowed the 
last of May. The surface at the time was almost 
free of weeds, and would have done well if it had 
been sown w ith rape; but we were hound for a good 
crop, and in went the plow up to the beam, but just 
reaching the bottom of the fall furrow. The result 
was the bringing to the surface all the seeds of the 
last years crop of weeds and unrotted stubble. 
The rape was sown, and the result was a fine crop 
of weeds, which soon choked out, the rape; hut it 
has proved a valuable lesson both to us and others. 
MICHIGAN. 
Van Buren, Paw Taw . 
Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo 
Monroe. Monroe _ 
Shiawassee, Owosso_ 
Hillsdale. Hillsdale .... 
Jackson. Jackson_ 
Eaton .. 
Cass, Cassopolis.. 
_Sept. 22—24 
_Sept. 24—26 
_Oct. I, 2 
_Oct. 2, 8 
.—Oct, 2— 4 
....Oct 8-10 
Sept. 30—Oct.. 2 
_Oct. 8—10 
OHIO 
Coshocton, Coshocton_ 
Geauga, Burton.. 
Fran Win, Columbus_ 
Medina, Medina.. 
Defiance, Defiance__ 
Highland. Hillsboro.. 
Clinton, Wilmington.... 
Pickaway. Circleville... 
Carroll, Carrollton__ 
Ashland. Hayesville. 
Columbiana, New Lisbon.. 
Clermont. Bantam......___ 
Huron, Milan__ 
Knox. Ml. Vernon... 
Ashtabula, Jefferson.... 
Miami, Troy____ 
Lorain Union, W'cllington. 
Lake, Painesviile. 
Champaign, Urbana.. 
Ashland Ashland. 
Portage, Ravenna__ 
Lorain, Elyria_ 
Hardin, Kenton... 
Shelby. Sidney. 
Harrison, Cadiz... 
Morrow, M.t Gilead_ 
Seneca, Tiffin. . 
Summit, Akron___ 
Wayne, Wooster.... 
Lawrence. Ironton... 
Trumbull, Oak Grove. 
Tuscarawas Valley, Maslllon. 
Richland. Mansfield__ 
Morgan, McConnellsville. 
Tuscarawas New Philadelphia. 
■William*, Bryan.. 
Logan, Belleiontaine- 
Delaware. Delaware .. 
Greene, Xenia. 
Stark. Canton... 
Union, Marysville... 
INDIANA. 
Decatur, Greensburg. 
Wabash. Wabash. 
Posey, New Harmony.— 
Fulton, Rochester. 
ILLINOIS, 
McHenry. McHenry..— 
Morgan ’Jacksonville ...._ 
DeKalh. Sycamore. 
Coles, Charleston... 
Bureau, Princeton__ 
Hillsborough...... 
Montgomery, Hillsboro- 
Hancock, Carthage .. 
Whitesides. Morrison.. 
Winnebago, Rockford_ 
Grundy. Morris. 
DuPnge. Wheaton... 
Carroll, Mt. Carroll. 
Kankakee. Kankakeo.. 
Pike, Pittsfield... 
Champaign, Urbana.... 
Macon, Deeatnr.. 
Sangamon. Springfield.. 
Kendall. Bristol___ 
Boon, Brlvidere___ 
Vermillion Catlin__ 
Richland, Gluey.. 
Logan Union, Atlanta .... 
MeCoupin, Carlinville.. 
Knox Knoxville_ 
Mercer. Millersburg__ 
Jo Daviess Galena- 
Marion Salem .......--- 
Randolph. Sparta. 
Tazewell. Tremont.. 
DeKftlb, DcKttlb .. 
Kane, Geneva___ 
LaSalle. Ottawa_ 
Union Fair.' Warren.. 
Jasper, Newton_ 
Jeff tsoi 1 Mt. Vernon.. 
Shelby. Shelbyville... 
Lee. Dixon... 
St. Clair, Belleville.... 
Christian. Taylorsville.. 
Greene, Carrollton.. 
Warren, Monmouth. 
Madison, Edwardsville. 
Edgar, Paris---— 
Piatt, Mondcello.. 
Fulton, Le tveston.. 
Moultrie, Sullivan. 
Stephenson, Freeport. 
Monroe, Waterloo..... 
_Sept, 8—10 
_Sept, 0 —li 
_Sept. 9—12 
_Sept. 9—12 
-Sept. 10—12 
—Sept 10—12 
....Sept. 10-12 
....Sept. 10-12 
_Sept. 14—16 
_Sept. 23—25 
_Sept. 23-25 
....Sept. 23-26 
_Sept 24-26 
....Sept, 24—26 
_Sept. 24-26 
_Sept 24—26 
....Sept. 24-26 
.Sept. 30—Oct 2 
Sept. 30—Oct. 3 
.Sept. 30—Oct. 3 
Sept 30—Oct. 3 
Sept 80—Oct. 3 
....Oct. 1— S 
....Oct. I— 3 
_Oct. 1—3 
...Oct, 1—3 
....Oct. 1—3 
_Oct 1—3 
....Oct. 1— 3 
....Oct. 1—3 
....Oct 1—8 
—Oct. 1— 4 
....Oct. 7—9 
_Oct. V—9 
....Oct. 7— 9 
....Oct 7— 9 
....Oct, 7—10 
....Oct 8—10 
....Oct. 8—10 
_Oct. 8—10 
....Oct, 8—10 
STACKING AND DRYING BEANS 
Friend Moore:—H aving seen a mothod of stack¬ 
ing beans in an editorial of a late number of the 
Rural, and having tried that and seen a great 
many other ways tried, I will give mine: 
I use two stakes instead of one, seven or eight 
feet long and from one and a half to two inches 
through. Set them in the ground about two inches 
apart; put a withe on the stakes a foot or eighteen 
inches from the ground; take a small handful of 
beans, and lay the roots between the stakes, so far 
through that the tops will not reach the ground; 
then a bunch the other side in the same way. After 
this, the roots only should come between the stakes, 
and the roots of each hunch should be laid at right 
angles with those of the bunch preceding. When 
within a foot of the top of the stakes, put on another 
withe, drawing the stakes together to hug the roots 
closely, then till up with beans, as before, to the top; 
then take two bunches of beans, tie the roots to¬ 
gether and lay astride the top, and it is finished. 
Beans stacked in this way will never mold, as 
they often will when stacked around one stake. 
They should ho stacked as soon as pulled, and 
always handled by the roots. When the stacks are 
thoroughly dry, they may taken to the barn whole, 
pulling the stakes from the ground. j. T. 0 . 
Muscatine, Iowa 18G2. 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— 1 noticed a request 
for information about drying beans. I have had 
some experience in the business. My way is to 
plant the marrow beans as early as it will do, and 
tend them well, and they will ripen by the 15th of 
August. Let them get thoroughly ripe. Full and 
spread them as thinly as possible. Turn them over 
with a fork as you would hay. In one or two dayB 
at the most they will dry plenty to haul to the 
barn. Thrash and clean as fast as taken to the 
barn. After cleaning, spread thinly for a time, and 
stir them, if necessary. 
I raised castor oil beans from 1825 to 1837, and 
will state how we dried them. We had a dry-house 
to suit the quantity we wanted to dry. I think 20 
by SO feet is a very suitable size for a dry-house. 
Make ft as tight as can be with rough boards. The 
joists ought to he about six feet from the ground. 
The floor should be laid on the joists with narrow 
strips of boards, with space between each board for 
the Deans to lalL below as Wiuy are pounded out 
after they are dry. Clay soil will do very well for 
the lower floor. Two stoves would he enough for a 
house of the above size. Stone coal is much the 
best for heating, as it is much less trouble to tend 
the fires. D. Green. 
Rennook, Noble Co., Ohio, 1862. 
Uxioa of Onto Aoriccltcral Papers.—W e have inaii 
vertantly neglected to chronicle the fact that the Ohio Culti¬ 
vator. monthly, and Firld Tfotrjt- weekly, formerly published 
by Col. S. D. Harris, nt Columbus, have been united with 
the Ohio Fanner, at Cleveland. The consolidated papers will 
he continued under the latter tide, at Cleveland, by Col, 
Harris— Mr. Tuo. W. Bitowx.who has conducted the Farmer 
creditably for many years, retiring from the honorable service 
The Colonel is wide awake and can spread himself hand 
nomcly, and also the advertisements—ns witness the 14 col¬ 
umns of "that same" in his last " issoo." Success to the 
consolidation and the Colonel! 
Cattle In the Itoada. 
The following, from a Massachusetts paper, con¬ 
tains suggestions worthy of attention in other States, 
and where no such law as that alluded to has been 
enacted: 
The best judicial authority in our land has de¬ 
cided (and the decision has been confirmed time and 
again) that when a person sells or deeds a portion 
of land to a county for a public road, he merely 
gives the public the right of free passage over that 
land, and no one has the right to remove earth from 
the roadB—and of course the same applies to the 
grass. This places the matter iu the hands of the far¬ 
mers, and gives them a remedy which they should 
make use of. It is not proper or humane to injure 
or hurt the cattle thus committing a nuisance, hut 
their owners should suffer for it My treatment 
(which I find effectual) is to treat all such animals 
as strays, according to the law made and provided 
for such; that is, take them into your field, and if 
not soon called for, advertise them, and charge for 
pasturage and expenses. 
We have a law against any person who owns six¬ 
teen acres turning stock into the road, but this does 
not give any one owning less or none at all the right 
to turn theirs on the public road, because no author¬ 
ity can give the right The owners say that if farm¬ 
ers would keep good fences the cattle would not 
trouble them. But all know that a good fence will 
not turn an experienced road Hteer or cow, for they 
bare a wonderful facility, acquired by long practice, 
of letting down bars and throwing the riders off 
fences, which cattle that have enough to eat know 
nothing about. Whenever these cows appear within 
the limits of my larm, 1 drive them into a small lot 
near the house, where they remaiD lor eighteen or 
twenty hours, when, if not called for, they go into the 
paeturo meadow with Die other cows, and their pas¬ 
ture hill hegitiB and continues until it is paid and the 
cows are removed. If not called tor within five 
days, they are advertised. In this way I and some 
dozen of my neighbors keep ourselves nearly clear 
of this nuisance. 
Crops ;x Sovturils Wisconsin —a recent letter from J. A 
SittTit, Walworth Co., Wis.. says:—“Another harvesting Is 
about completed in Southern Wisconsin Such a crop of 
grass was never cut before, either for quality or quantity. 
Wheat, I think, may he called a light yield; other grain good. 
Wisconsin, it is believed, will fill her quota (possibly one or 
two counties excepted) without a draft. The people arc 
awake to their responsibility in the war.’’ 
Bee Colony— Maximum Population. 
L Under favorable circumstances, in the mofd 
genial season of the year, the queen bee may cer¬ 
tainly lay three thousand eggs a day. If we assume 
this as the maximum , and furthermore that she can 
continue to be thus prolific during six weeks or 42 
days, or — naming a definite period—from the 1 st of 
June to the ]2th of July inclusive, there will issue 
from the cellB three thousand young bees, daily, in 
the interval from the 21st of June to the 2d of 
August, inclusive; and the colony would thus, if for 
the present we disregard casualties contain 120,000 
young bees on the 2d of August. 
2. The average duration of life of the bees exist¬ 
ing in ft colony during a conterminous period, is, 
in the summer, about six weeks. 
The National Fred Cutter, illustrated and described In 
theRcRAt, of August 23d, is advertised in our present num¬ 
ber. As this advertisement was inadvertantly omitted at the 
time the description of the machine was given, we now insert 
it conspicuously, soliciting the attention of farmers and others 
interested in the economical preparation of forage for stock. 
See, also, the other new advertisements In this paper. 
AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITIONS FOR 1862. 
I have satisfied 
myself, by observation of Italian bees this season, 
that this estimate, first made by Dzierzon, is sub¬ 
stantially correct; for the common bees remaining 
in a colony, at the end of bix weeks from the day 
an Italian queen was given to it, were relatively 
so few in number as not to bo worth taking into 
account. 
These assumptions 1 regard as reasonable, relia¬ 
ble, and warranted by the observations of the most 
competent bee-keepers. 
Cordially approving of the accurate mode of con¬ 
ducting investigation — which the Baron of Ber- 
lepsch, following the example of Huber, has the 
merit of re-introducing in apiology, and which 
does not content itself with mere a priori reason¬ 
ing, but strives to give the precision of number and 
measure to the observed facts recorded—I stupefied 
a swarm of bees just issued, aud measured it ac- 
wxvatfdy iu u glass vessel. Three weeks thereafter, 
just before any brood had Ion me cells, 1 stupefied 
and measured it again. The result showed that 
less than one-third of the original quantity remain¬ 
ed in the colony. 
Accordingly, if we assume that the average dura¬ 
tion of life of a generation of bees is six weeks, the 
colony in which 12 l >,000 bees were hatched within 
the six weeks preceding the 2 d of August, will no 
longer contain any of the older bees,or such as were 
hatched prior to the 21 st of June. Nor will the 
whole of the 120,000 young bees be still in existence, 
as is manifest from tbo following considerations: 
If the conterminously produced mass of bees, or, 
to use a briefer expression, a generation , dies out 
iu six weeks, then, of the 120,000 bees which came 
into existence successively in that period, one-half 
will have perished at the close of the term; for the 
medium value of the life of the bees is only half aB 
great, at the end of the term, as that of an entire 
generation. The age of a bee hatched on the 21st 
of June will, on the 2nd of August, be 42 days, 
while that of another, hatched on the 2d of August, 
is 0 day —the middle term, therefore, is 21 days. 
A bee hatched on the 22d of June will be 41 
days old on the 2 d of August; and a bee hatched on 
the 1st of August will be one day old on the 2d ot 
August. The aggregate of the ages is 42 days, and 
the medium age is the half thereof, 21 days. Now, 
if we conceive the several ages of the bees in the 
colony to be an arithmetical series, we shall readily 
see that the middle term of this series is also 21 
days. 
The medium age to which the 120,000 bees would 
have attained on the 2d of August, is, consequently, 
21 days; while the medium term of the ever-dimin¬ 
ishing mass of bees constituting the colony hived 
on the 21st of June, will, on the 2d of August, or 
in this period of six weeks, be 42 days —none of 
them then surviving. 
Now, if at this busy season, all the bees of a colony 
severally perish in 42 days, then only one-halt of 
the whole number hatched since the 21st of June, 
will be dead on the 2d of August. Only one-half 
of the term allotted to a generation having elapsed, 
the bees will have made only one-half of the whole 
number of life-perilling excursions, and have en¬ 
countered only a moiety of the casualties to which 
they are necessarily exposed. Hence, of the 120,- 
000 young bees hatched, one-half will have perished 
before the 2d of August, and 63,000 remain living 
on that day. 
But if, of the 126,000 bees hatched, 63,000 perish 
in 42 days, the average daily mortality or loss is 
1,500. Now, as the existing stock of bees may be 
conceived of as an arithmetical series; and as the 
increase of life-periling excursions, and the conse¬ 
quently resulting losses, likewise constitute an 
arithmetical series; and as the first term of this 
seriesjis 0, the middle term 1,500, and the last term 
3,000, it follows that on the 2d of August, the daily 
loss will have reached 3,000. Hence, from the 2d 
of August (or did the prolificness of the queen 
remain undiminished,) the daily loss and gain 
respectively would balance each other; and there 
would thenceforward be neither increase nor dimi¬ 
nution of the aggregate number constituting the 
colony. Thus we reach the conclusion that 63,000 
* In a colony having a queen that lays 3,000 eggs daily—a 
degree of prolificness which pre-supposes an abundance of 
pasturage, and great activity iu gathering honey and pollen, 
and of course a correspondingly great destruction and logs of 
bees—the average duration of life may be considerably less. 
....Oct. 8-10 
....Sept, 9-12 
_Sept. 10—12 
....Sept. 10-13 
....Sept, 14-17 
_Sept. 16 
....Sept. 16-19 
...Sept. 16—19 
... Sept. 16—19 
....Sept. 16—19 
....Sept. 16-18 
_Sept. 17—19 
....Sept. 17—19 
....Sept. 17—19 
....Sept. 17-20 
_Sept. 18—21 
_Sept. 22—20 
....Sept. 22-26 
_Sept. 23—26 
_Sept. 23-25 
....Sept. 9-12 
....Sept. 24, 26 
_... Sept. 23-—26 
.. .Sept. 23-26 
_Sept. 23—26 
_Sept. 23—25 
....Bept. 23—26 
.. .Sept. 24. 25 
....Sept. 24—26 
_.Sept. 24—26 
_Bept 24—26 
....Sept. 25—27 
Bept. 29—Oct 1 
Sept. 29—Oct. 4 
VTe re publish a list of such National. State, County and 
Local Fairs for 1862 as are to he held after the date at which 
this paper is put to press, (Sept. 9,) with such corrections and 
additions as we have been able to make during the past week. 
NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL FAIRS. 
National Wine Fair, U S., Washington, D. C.Ian. 14, ’63 
World's Horse Fair, Chicago. Ill.Sept, 2—16 
American Institute, New York. Entries for prizes tiil Dec. 13 
' " ' 4 .Sept. 17—19 
Sept. 22—26 
Canada West, Toronto...... 
STATE FAIR8. 
NewY’ork, Rochester... 
Illinois Horticultural, Chicago.. 
Wisconsin, M&dison, —.. 
Wisconsin Agr. & Meeh., Milwaukee.. 
New Hampshire, Concord.. 
Vermont, Rutland... 
Ohio, Cleveland..... 
Kentucky, Louisville .......... 
Minnesota St. Paul-- 
American Bornological Society, Boston, Mass 
Michigan. Detroit..... 
Illinois, Peoria....... 
Iowa, Dubuque. 
Pennsylvania. Norristown. 
Indiana. Indiunupolia .... 
New Jersey. Newark .... 
California," Sacramento. 
Connecticut, Hartford... 
Kentucky Ag’l and Mech’l, Lexington. 
COUNTY FAIRS.—NEW YORK. 
Allegany, Angelica_ 
Broome Binghamton ... 
Cattaraugus, Olean. 
Cayuga. Auburn ... 
Chenango, Norwich_ 
Chautauqua, Panama_ 
Cortland, Homer .. 
Delaware, Franklin. 
Tompkins, Ithaca_ 
Genesee, Data via. 
Jefferson, Watertown... 
Livingston, Geneseo_ 
Ontario. Canandaigua... 
Orleans, Albion. 
Oswego, Fulton__ 
Queens Nawtown_ 
Rensselaer, Lansing burg 
Putnam, Lake Mahopac 
Steuben, Bath. 
Wyoming, Warsaw_ 
Ulster. Kingston.... 
Washington, Salem_ 
Lewis, Turin...... 
Sept. 30—Oct. 3 
....Bept. 8—13 
....(postponed) 
_Sept. 9-12 
....(postponed | 
_Sept. 9—T.' 
....Bept. 16-19 
_Sept. 16-20 
-17—19 
- -Sept. 17—19 
-Sept. 23—26 
(postponed) 
Sept. 30—Oct 3 
.Sept. 30—Oct. 3 
.Sept. 30—Oct. 3 
.Sept.. 30—Oct. 3 
Sept. 30—Oct. 4 
-Oct. 7—10 
....Sept. 9-12 
limiting ami Composting IHur.k. 
The Maine Farmer talks well and seasonably 
on this subject, and its advice should he heeded in 
all sections where muck is easily obtainable. It 
says:—“The present is 8 good time for digging 
muck from its bed, and if possible, hauling it to the 
barn-yard. The bogs or swamps where it is depos¬ 
ited, are now dry, and the muck is in a most desir¬ 
able state lor being thrown out and carted, provid¬ 
ing the team can be so used. Besides, the work of 
harvesting is generally accomplished, and the labor 
ot the farm cannot be turned to a more profitable 
account. During a ride through Sidney last 
week, we noticed some farmers tlms engaged, 
and the muck so hauled was being left in yards to 
be used this fall as a litter and absorbent of the 
liquid voidings of the stock. 
To torn a compost of muck, it needs to be thor¬ 
oughly pulverized or reduced to a fine form by the 
action of the atmosphere. When thrown from its 
bed it is in a crude state, and should remain in (he 
heap for a year, being forked over twice during that 
period. After this, it can be carted directly to the 
field that is to he manured, or hauled to the stables 
for use as an absorbent. If the farmer can obtain a 
supply of muck each year, it will be better to let it 
remain the above length of time before using it in a 
compost. Unleached wood ashes or quick lime are 
both used with muck as a compost. We should, how¬ 
ever, use the former, (because they are rich in pot¬ 
ash,) in connection with the latter, as they are both 
powerful alkalies. Muck varies considerably in its 
composition, and also in acidity, and for this reason 
experience must teach the required amount of ashes 
and lime to he used with it; a sufficient quantity to 
induce fermentation being all that is necessary. A 
cord of muck contains 103 bushels. To this should 
be added five bushels of ashes, one of quick lime 
and one of salt, placed alternately in layers, and 
afterwards thoroughly mixed by forking or shovel¬ 
ing over the whole heap. Muck which was thrown 
out last summer, or even this spring, can he com¬ 
posted now, forked over this lall and again in the 
spring, and will then be ready for use. It will be 
found a most valuable manure for corn, potatoes, root 
crops, or as a top-dressing for grass lands. 
Where muok was dug out in the spring or early 
part of summer, hut from the circumstances of its 
location cannot by carted until winter, it would be a 
good plan to compost it now where it is, in the man¬ 
ner above described, hauling it be the first sledding 
to the field intended to be manured, and forking it 
over in the spring, adding, if necessary, a small por¬ 
tion of ashes and Balt at the time of perlbrming the 
operation. If this is deemed impracticable, it can 
be hauled into the barn-yard in early winter, and 
by letting the cattle and sheep run on it during the 
winter and following summer, it will by fall become 
somewhat mixed with the manure of the stock, and 
can be carted out to use on potatoes or corn the next 
season. Or, it the winter is not severely cold, it can 
be thrown into the Btalls behind the cattle, and alter 
remaining one day, deposited in the shed or cellar 
with the other manure. At any rate, if the muck is 
in the yard it can be used as an absorbent in the 
spring, and will in this way add value not only to 
the muck itself, but actually improve, tor general 
purposes, the other manure. 
...Sept. £3, 24 
...Bept. 9—12 
...Sept 23—25 
...Sept. 24—26 
...Sept, 24—20 
...Sept, li, 12 
.. .Bept. 23—25 
...Sept. 17—19 
...Sept. 24—26 
...Sept. 17, 18 
...Sept. 17, 18 
...Sept. 25, 26 
...Sept. 24—26 
...Sept. 17. IS 
...Oct, 8-10 
...Sept. 18, 19 
...Sept 15—19 
...Sept. 24-26 
_Sept. 24—20 
-Sept. 23, 24 
_Sept. 23—25 
Sept 80—Oct. 1 
_Sept. 16—18 
-(postponed) 
....Sept. 16, 17 
....Sept. 25, 20 
Sept. 30—Dot. 1 
....Sept 10—12 
-..Sept. 23—25 
THE LAMB DISEASE-AGAIN 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker: —I noticed an t. tide 
in the Rural of June 7, by W. D. Dickinson, in 
regard to the disease among lambs. As I have had 
some experience in this disease, I thought I would 
give it to Rural readers. It is as lollows:—LaBt 
fall I purchased ten of the best grade ewes I could 
find, for two dollars per head. I then bought a 
Spanish buck one year old, and turned him with the 
ewes about the 26th of November. I then com¬ 
menced feeding them corn once a day, aDd gave 
them about one gill each once a day, until the first 
of March. I took no more care of the buck than of 
the ewes. When I purchased this buck 1 found 
that he had a small bunch in his neck; but as I had 
heard that they did no harm I concluded to use him. 
At the time tor the ewes to drop their lambs 1 put 
them in a small yard near the house where I had 
three calves. The ten ewes had thirteen lambs, and 
nearly every one had swellings in their necks. Out 
of the thirteen I saved only five, with a great deal of 
care. When I came to shear my sheep I found that 
nearly all ol my ewes had swellings in their necks. 
They sheared six pounds to the head. After I had 
sheared the buck I took him out into the yard, stuck 
my knile into the swelling, and he bled to death; so 
I came to the conclusion that the swelling was od 
the windpipe, and the large veins ran over it Then, 
from curiosity, Ithought 1 would examine the calves, 
and to my astonishment I found they had quite large 
swellings also. And now. if any ot your readers can 
explain the cause of this phenomenon, I should he 
glad to hear from them through the Rural. 
Battle Creek, Mich , Aug. 18,1862. T. W, Cask. 
KENTUCKY. 
Boyd, Ashland 
WISCONSIN. 
Sept. 9—11 
.Sept. 9—11 
Sept. 16—18 
Sept. 16—18 
.Sept. 37, 18 
.Sept. 17, 18 
.Sept. 17, 18 
.Sept. 24, 20 
.Sept. 24—26 
.Sept. 25, 26 
Oct. 2, 8 
Balmouth. 
Walworth, Elkhorti--- 
Fond du Lae, Fond du Luc. 
Racine, Union Grove .. 
Green Lake. Berlin-....-... 
Sheboygan. Sheboygan Full*.. 
St. Croix, Hudson.. 
Jefferson, Lake Mills .. 
Columbia. Portage. 
Adams. Friendship. 
Kau Claire. Eau Claire. 
Vernon, Viroqua... 
IOWA. 
Marshall, Marshall.. 
PoJlc, Desmoines. 
Beuton, Vinton. 
Washington, Washington—. 
Hardin, Eldora__ —.... 
Butler, Butler Center...... 
Guthrie Guthrie Center.. 
Harrison. Magnolia.....—. 
Wheatland, Wheatland.....- 
Cent. Iowa Dist. Ag’l Society, Desmoine 
Chickasaw. New Hampton. 
Lucas, Chariton. 
Scott, Davenport. 
Cedar Valley Cedar Falls. 
Linn, Cellar Rapid*..-. 
Jone*. Anamosa___ 
Floyd . 
Bremer, Waverly.. 
Jackson, Maquoketa. 
Cedar, near Springdale ....... 
Cedar, Tipton___ 
MINNESOTA. 
Union, Hampton ... 
Rice, Faribault.-.. 
Ramsey with State, St. Paul. 
Dodge," Waseoja.... 
Albany, Albany. 
Cayuga Southern, Sherwood’s Corners 
Essex Elizabethtown _ 
Greene, Cairo.. 
Oneida, Rome.... 
St. Lawrence, Canton.. 
Westchester, Mt. Vernon_ 
Fulton, Gloversville. 
Schoharie. Schoharie. 
Tioga, Owego.. 
NEW TORIC UKtOJV AKD TOWS FAIRS. 
Aftou, Alton..... 
Barton, Factoryville.. 
Susquehanna Valley, Unadilla.. 
Aurora, Aurora.... 
Constantin, CouBiantia... 
Columbus, Columbus.. 
Drydeti Dryden . 
Genesee Valley, Nunda...... 
Oxford, Oxford_____ 
Caiuweraga, parisviile. 
Seneca Falls Union. Seneca Falls.. 
Tonawando Valley, Attica... 
Dundee Union, Dundee... 
Brock port Union, Broekport..... 
Brooktield Union, Brookfield. 
Brookfield, North Brookfield.. 
Chautauqua Union, Fredonia.. 
Vienna, North Bay...... 
Palmyra Union, Palmyra... 
Rosendale, Rosendale .... 
Harpursvilie, Harpursvilie. 
Ridgeway and Shelby Union, Medina_ 
Rushvilie Union, Husbrille. 
Sept. 10, n 
.Sept. 15, 16 
.Sept. 17—19 
Sept. 17, 18 
.Sept. 17 
Sept. 17, 18 
Bept. 37, 18 
.Sept. 17, 18 
Sept. 17—19 
Sept, 17—19 
Sept. 18, 19 
Sept. 18, 19 
Bept. 22—25 
.Sept. 22—25 
Sept. 23—26 
Sept. 24—26 
Sept. 24—26 
.Oct. 8, 9 
.Oct, 8—10 
.Oct. 9, 10 
.Oct. 14—16 
,8ept. 18, 19 
.Oct 2— 4 
Sept. 23; 24 
.Sept. 24, 25 
.Sept, j], lg 
.Oct. 13—15 
.Oct. 9—10 
.Sept. 17, 18 
.Sept. 10—18 
.Sept 19, 20 
.Sept. 23—25 
.Sept. 12, 13 
.Oct. 15—17 
.Sept, 25, 26 
.Bept. 24, 25 
.Oct. 8, 9 
.Bept. 25, 26 
.Sept. 17, 18 
.Oct. 6— 8 
Sept. 16, 18 
.Oct. 1, 2 
.Sept. 10—12 
Sept. 22, 23 
KANSAS. 
Lawrence, New Castle. 
Jefferson, Oskaloosa.. 
CALIFORNIA. 
San Joaquin, Stockton__ 
Snnta Clara, Santa Jose...— 
Contra CoBta, Pacheco..-. 
CANADA WEST. 
North Lanark, Almonte.... 
Kingston Electoral, Kingston. 
Peel, Brampton... 
Brockville, Brockville. 
Russell, Auburn. 
North Bimroe, Barrie. 
South Simene, Bradford. 
Grenville, Prescott.. 
Stormont, Cornwall..... 
Durham West, Newcastle. 
North Leeds and Grenville, Frankville... 
North Ontario. Prince Albert_ 
East York, Markham Village... 
Boulli Wellington, Guelph.... 
North Wellington, Fergus. 
CANADA EAST. 
Laval, St. Vincent de Paul. 
Terrebonne, Gmnde Lignes. 
Stanstead, Baroston Comers.. 
Montcalm, St. Patrick, Rawdon. 
Soulanges, St. Clet.....— 
St. Hyaciuthe, St. llyacintbe. 
Chateauguay, Ste Martine. 
Compton, CookBhire, Eaton . 
Richmond, Danville .... 
Bagot, Ste. Rosalie.... 
Bona venture No. 2, Maria-- 
Bonaventnre No. 2, Mann ...... 
L’Assomption, St. Paul l’Ennite. 
NEW BRUNSWICK. 
Kings Co. Central. Hampton Ferry. 
Carlton, W’oodstock--- 
Kingston Upion, Kingston. 
MAINE 
Drones. 
M. de Geliere says he frequently had colo¬ 
nies which, being unduly supplied with drone comb, 
produced a greatly disproportioned number of 
drones. Ho caught and killed more than five 
thousand drones, on one occasion, from a single 
hive. When flying, they appeared to be more 
numerous than the workers. Though really largely 
in the minority, they produced vastly more noise 
and contusion. 
....Bept. 9—12 
Sept. 30—Oct. 3 
....Oct. 7—10 
Waldo. Belfast.. 
North Franklin, Phillips ... 
Sagadahoc, Topsham. 
North Waldo, Unity Village 
Oct. 1— 3 
Oct. 8— 9 
Oct. 14—16 
Oct. 15—10 
NEW HAMPSHIRE 
Merrimack River, Nashua 
Rockingham, Exeter. 
Cheshire, Keene. 
.Sept. 17—18 
(postponed) 
Sept. 23, 24 
VERMONT. 
River Valley Society, Hartford 
Franklin, Fairfield.... 
Caledonia, St. Johnsbury. 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
Highland, Middlefield.. 
Middlesex, Concord.. 
Worcester, Worcester_ 
Hposac Valley, North Adams... 
Middlesex South, Framingham 
Huusatonic, Great Barrington. 
Franklin, Greenfield. ..... 
Middlesex North, Lowell. 
Norfolk, Dedham,.... -. 
Worcester West, Karro 
Essex South Danvers_ 
Aberration of Instinct. 
On the Cth of June, last year, I observed that 
one of my colonies, which had previously appeared 
to be in a thriving condition, was gradually becom¬ 
ing weak, and that no young workers made their 
appearance. I gave it an overhauling, and found 
that it contained a drone-producing queen. After 
removing her and decapitating all the sealed drone 
brood, I introduced a fertile queen, confined in a 
cage. Though the bees bad been very restless, I 
was surprised to see that they refused to receive the 
offered queen, continuing for three or four days to 
manifest their dislike by constant efforts to reach 
and destroy her. I then took out the combs again, 
and found that royal cells had been built, and 
Sept. 24 
Sept. 26 
Sept. 25 
Sept. 26 
Sept. 25 
Sept. 30 
Sept. 30 
Worcester North, Fitchburg___Sept. 80 
Berkshire, Pittsfield..........Oct. 1 
Hampshire, Fraakllu, & Hampden, Northampton, Oct 2 
Plymouth, Bridgewater.....Oct. 2 
Worcester South, Sturbridge....Oct. 2 
Bristol, T&untou 
Hampden, Springfield 
Hampshire, Amherst. 
Barnstable. Barnstable 
Hampden East, Palmer Depot_ 
Worcester South-east, Milford... 
Martha’s Vineyard, WestTisbury 
