THE AMERICAN PRESS. 
j[r. Kennedy, the able Superintendent of the 
Census, has in press his Preliminary Report on the 
Census of I860, embodying and collatiug the general 
reS ults and more important details of that Census, 
; Q an octavo of three hundred pages, intended to 
exhibit fairly and impressively the progress of this 
Republic in Population, Industry, Wealth, Art, 
Intelligence, Ac., during the last decade. In the 
Appendix is an article on “The Public Press,” 
from which we take the following: 
The tabular statement appended to this report, 
relating to the subject, strikingly illustrates the fact 
tbat the people of the United States are peculiarly 
••a newspaper reading nation,” and serves to show 
bow large a portion of tbeir reading is political. Of 
1.051 papers and periodicals published in the United 
States at the date of the Census of 1860, 3.242, or 80 
per cent., weie political in their character. Two 
hundred and ninety-eight, or 7.38 per cent, are de¬ 
voted to literature, Religion and theology compose 
tbe province of 277, or 6.83 per cent,, whiie 234. or 
5.77 per cent, are classed as miscellaneous. 
The last decade in our civil history has been one 
of extraordinary political agitation. Accordingly, 
we find tbat there has been a very large increase in 
tbe number of political papers and periodicals, as 
compared with corresponding publications at the 
date of the preceding Census. In 1850, their number 
was 1,630. In 1860, it was 3.242, being an increase 
of nearly 100 per cent. In 1850, the numher of 
religious papers and periodicals was 101. In 18G0. 
it was stated at 277. being an increase of 45 per cent. 
In 1850, the number of papers and periodicals of 
every class in the United States was 2,526. In I860, 
the aggregate under this head reaches, as before 
stated, 4.051, showing a rate of increase of 60.37 per 
cent. The total circulation of all kinds amounted 
in 1850 to 426 409,078 copies. In 1860, the annual 
circulation is stated at 027.051.548 copies, showing a 
ratio of increase of over 117 per cent. 
The total white population of the United States 
was stated at the date of the Census of 1850 to be 
10,553,114. In 1860, the Census returns report it at 
27.008,081, the ratio of increase being 3812. These 
figures show how largely tbe increment of the news¬ 
paper and periodical circulation has exceeded the 
increase of population daring the last ten years. 
InU50, the annual circulation of all kinds afforded 
nearly 22 copies to each white person in the Union. 
In 1860, the total circulation was at the rate of over 
34 per person. 
New Hampshire and South Carolina are the only 
States which, a3 compared with the date of 1850, 
show any considerable decline in the numher of 
copies of papers and periodicals published within 
tbeir limits. In the States of Maryland and Ver¬ 
mont. and the District of Columbia, the emissions of 
the public press at the two dates are nearly uniform. 
The largest increase, as might have been expected, 
occurs in the State of California. Of the total cir¬ 
culation in the country, three States, New York, 
Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts,furnish 539,026,124 
copies, or considerably more than half of the aggre¬ 
gate amount. 
HOW TO USE A BAROMETER. 
Many private persons consult the barometer, and 
even set it daily, and are surprised to find that they 
cannot rely on its indications, especially on those of 
the unscientific wheel barometer, with a face like an 
underdone clock. Tbe fault, however, is not with 
the instrument, but with those who use it impro¬ 
perly; “ th’ ap’aratns,” as Salem Scudder observes, 
“can't lie.” A few words on the practical use of 
the weather-glass may be useful. It is an invalua¬ 
ble fact, and too often overlooked, that the state of 
the air does not show the present, but coming wea¬ 
ther. and that the longer the interval between the 
barometric signs of change and the change itself, 
the longer and more strongly will the altered wea¬ 
ther prevail; so, the more violent an impending 
storm, the longer warning does it give of its ap¬ 
proach. Indications of approaching change of 
weather are shown less by the height of the barom¬ 
eter than by its rising or falling. Thus, the barom¬ 
eter begins to rise considerably before the conclu¬ 
sion ol a gale, and foretells an improvement in the 
weather, though the mercury may still stand low. 
Nevertheless, a steady height of more than thirty 
inches is mostly indicative of fine weather and 
moderate winds. Either steadiness or gradual 
rising of the mercury indicates settled weather, and 
continued steadiness with dryness foretells very 
fine weather, lasting some time. A rapid rise of 
the barometer indicates unsettled weather; a grad¬ 
ual fall of one hundredth of an inch per hour indi¬ 
cates a gradual change in the weather, and mode¬ 
rate rising of the wind; several successive falls, to 
the amount of one-tenth of an inch, indicate a storm 
eventually, but not a sudden one; and a gale if the 
fall continues. These storms are not dangerous, as 
they can be foretold; but a sudden fall of one-tenth 
of an inch betokens the quick approach of a dan¬ 
gerous tempest Alternate rising and sinking (oscil¬ 
lation) indicates unsettled and threatening weather. 
When the barometer 8inks considerably, much wind 
and rain will follow —from the northward, if the 
thermometer is low for the season; from the south¬ 
ward, if high. For observing barometric changes, 
the barometer should be placed at the eye-level, out 
of the reach of sunshine and of artificial heat, as of 
fires, and out of the way of gusts of wind. It 
should be set regularly twice a day by a competent 
person. A card should be accessible close by, and 
on it should be registered the indication at each set¬ 
ting.— Chambers' Journal. 
THE STORY OF AN ATOM. 
The atom of charcoal which floated in the cor¬ 
rupt atmosphere of the old volcanic ages, was 
absorbed into the leaf of a fern when the valleys 
became green and luxuriant; and there, in its pro¬ 
per place, it received the sunlight and the dew, 
aiding to fling back to heaven a reflection of hea¬ 
ven’s gold; and at the same time to build the tough 
fiber ot the plant. The atom was consigned to the 
tomb when the waters submerged the jungled val¬ 
ley. It had lain there thousands ot years, ami a 
month since was brought into the light again, 
imbedded in a block of coal. It shall be consumed 
to warm our dwellings, cook our food, and make 
more ruddy and cheerful the hearth whereon our 
children play; it shall combine with a portion of the 
invisible atmosphere, ascend upward as a curling 
wreath to revel in a mazy dance high up in the blue 
ether; shall reach the earth again? and be entrapped 
into the embrace of a flower; shall live in velvet 
beauty on the check of the apricot; shall pass into 
the human body, giving enjoyment to the palate, 
and health to the blood; shall circulate in the deli¬ 
cate tissues of the brain, and aid, by entering into 
some, new combination, in educing the thoughts 
which are now being uttered by the pen. It is but 
an atom of charcoal; it may dwell one moment in a 
stagnant ditch, and the.next be flushing on the lip 
of beauty; it may now be a component of a lime¬ 
stone rock, and the next an ingredient in a field of 
potatoes; it may slumber fur a thousand years with¬ 
out. undergoing a single change, and the next hour 
pa<s through a thousand; and, after all. it is only an 
atom of charcoal, and occupies only its own place, 
wherever it may he. — Eibberd's “ Brambles and 
Bay Leaves.” 
A LINE OF BATTLE. 
This expression often occurs in referring to the 
order of troops on the battle field, and it is doubtless 
the opinion of many that the two armies are in two 
lilies; but it is not so. 
The army is divided info divisions, and there are 
often great gaps between the divisions. They are 
posted in positions, or in commanding places— that 
is, on hills, or in woods, or on the banks of streams, 
in places where they will best be able to resist or 
attack the enemy. Tbe divisions are usually so 
placed that they can support one another. You can 
understand a line of battle pretty well by imagining 
a regiment here on a hill, another down in the val¬ 
ley, a third in a piece of woods, with artillery and 
cavalry placed in the positions. If you want to 
make it more real, when you are out in the fields or 
pastures, with the hills all around,.just imagine that 
the enemy is over yonder hill, with ten thousand 
men and twenty pieces of artillery. You are a 
General, and have an equal number. The enemy 
will come down that road, spread out, into the field, 
or creep through the woods and attack you. You 
can’t exactly tell how many men he will send on the 
right, or how many on the left, so you must arrange 
your forces to support each other. Then, to shift it, 
you are to attack him. You don’t know how his 
troops are arranged, for he keeps them concealed as 
well as he can. You don’t, want many of your men 
killed, but do want to win a victory. Now there is 
a chance for you to try your skill in planning a line 
of battle. You must place your artillery where it 
will do the most damage and receive the least from 
the enemy. You must move your infantry so that 
they will not be cut off by the enemy before they 
get near enough to cut them up in return. You see 
that it is no small thing to lie a General. There are 
great responsibilities. 
CALICO PRINTING. 
A correspondent of the Cleveland Herald 
writes of a visit to the Calico Printing Works at 
Lowell, Massachusetts: 
The white cloth — looking like the lighter grades 
of sheeting —comes in from the looms, is run 
rapidly through a machine which shears with sharp 
blades, and singes with (lames of burning gas, and 
is turned out with smooth surface to receive tbe 
print or figure for the calico. Six hundred pieces of 
this cloth are sewed together at the euds, making a 
string over fifty thousand feet in length; and this is 
run slowly, rapidly, gradually, topsy-turvy, and by 
jerks, through, over, under, between bars, bolts, 
tubs, vats, edge, ana cylinders; mixed up with lime, 
soda, asphalmrn. gum arabic, mordant, fly extract, 
or perfume, arid hydroscatis acid, until it comes out 
at the other end as white as the driven snow. It 
now receives the impression or print of its colors 
from a number of different copper rollers —some 
prints requiring as many as seven different rollers 
to peHect the pattern. And now comes to this, the 
most difficult part of the performances to under¬ 
stand. The lohite cloth has suddenly become calico, 
having an endless variety of figures, styles and 
colors, but great care is taken that it does not come 
in contact with water, inasmuch as the colors would 
thus all wash together and off. 
It is now run through a heated oven so hot that 
potatoes will bake in a few minutes—and then goes 
“kersouse” into a large vat of boiling madder! 
This, instead of making it all red. as would naturally 
be supposed, merely sets all of the other shades of 
color. It is now washed in hot and cold water, in 
soap, bran, indigo and other fixings, and the white 
spots of the calico are clear and spotless, while all 
of the colors stand out in bold relief. 
-- 
AGES OF THE STATES OF AMERICA. 
Tue following chronological table may lie inter¬ 
esting to our readers at the present time: 
SETTLEMENTS. 
180"—Virginia, by the English. 
1013— New York, by the Dutch. 
1620—Massachusetts, by the Puritans. 
1623—New Hampshire. 
1633— Connecticut, by emigrants from Mass. 
1014— New Jersey, by the Dutch 
1630—Delaware, by the Swedes and Fins. 
1634— Maryland, by the Irish Catholics. 
1630—Rhode island, by Roger "Williams. 
1639—North Carolina, by the English. 
1670—South Carolina, by the English. 
1682—Pennsylvania, by William Penn. 
1733—Georgia, by Oglethorp. 
ADMITTED INTO THE UNION. 
itural 
KTENAAS DEPARTMENT. 
1791— Vermont. 
1792— Kentucky. 
1796—Tennessee. 
1802—Ohio. 
1811—Louisiana. 
1816—Indiana. 
1816—Mississippi. 
1818— Illinois. 
1819— Alabama. 
1820— Maine. 
1821— Missouri 
1836—Michigan. 
1836—Arkansas. 
1845—Florida. 
1845—Texas. 
1S46—Iowa. 
1848—Wisconsin. 
1860—California. 
1858—Minnesota. 
1858—Oregon. 
1801—Kansas. 
Importance op Varied Exercise.— “ Strength 
is health,” has become a favorite phrase. But, like 
many common saws, it is an error. Visit the first 
half dozen circuses that may come to town, aud ask 
the managers whether the cannon-lifter or the gen¬ 
eral performer has the better health. l’ou will find 
in every case it is the latter. Ask the doctors 
whether the cartwen. who are the strongest men iu 
the city, have better health than other classes, who, 
like them, work in tbe open air, but with light and 
varied labor. You will not find that the measure 
of strength is the measure of health. Flexibility 
has far more to do with it.—Dr. Dio Lewis. 
--> « » I 4 
Some one well says:—It is a characteristic of 
narrow-minded men, that they grasp the few ideas 
which lie within the limited circle of their compre¬ 
hension with a clearness which often deceives us in 
our estimate of their intellect. They are like beg¬ 
gars, who know the stamp and date of every penny 
in their pockets. 
“ Hark to the sound 1 there's a foe on our border. 
A foe striding on to the gulf of his doom ; 
Free men are rising, and marching iu order, 
Leaving the plow, amt anvil, and loom ! 
Rust-dimsthe harvest sheen 
Of se>the aud sickle keen. 
The axe sleeps in peace hv rhe tree it would mar ; 
Veteran and youth are out, 
Swelling the battle shout, 
Grasping the bolts of the thunders of war!” 
ROCHESTER, N. Y., SEPTEMBER 13, 1862. 
THE WAR’S PROGRESS. 
FACTS, SCENES, INCIDENTS, ETC. 
The Battles under Gen. Pope. 
We copy from the lUorld’s correspondence 
many interesting particulars of the late battles in 
Virginia. A Washington correspondent, August 
31st, says: 
The battle of Friday was fought partly on the 
old-Bull Run field, and that of Saturday almost 
entirely so. On Friday our forces occupied that 
ground and the enemy were just beyond, in a 
south-west direction. On Saturday they advanced 
upon us, and our right, which was resting on Smi¬ 
ley’s Ford, was withdrawn towards the left, thus 
bringing the contest more directly upon the old 
field than was that of the day previous. 
Analyzing all reports, 1 find that, after all, but 
a comparatively small portion of the whole army 
was engaged in Friday’s fight. Sigel, who opened 
the attack at daylight, did tbe greater portion of 
the work, and commanded throughout up to 1 
o’clock P. M., and was substantially in charge all 
day. Heinfzleman's war-worn veterans, now fear¬ 
fully reduced, advanced to the conflict, and though 
fighting with their accustomed valor, were suon 
badly cut up, and were relieved by the divisions 
of Schurz and a portion of Reuo's men, the former 
of whom had been fighting all the morning with 
splendid effect, and who continued to fight during 
the entire afternoon. Sigel and Schurz received 
many high compliments for their skill and daring. 
Sclmrz’s bravery was very conspicuous, and it is 
surprising that he escaped. He led his division 
into the fight and placed them into position per¬ 
sonally. Sigel performed the work of withdraw¬ 
ing and re-enforcing the lines most admirably, 
while his disposition of artillery drew forth plaudits 
from that valiant old field-marshal, Heinlzleman 
himself. 
The troops engaged throughout Friday were the 
oorp« of Heiofzltq^an, U«no and Riofeett’n 
division of two biigaues, under Generals Hatch 
a d Donbleday. The latter went in about sun¬ 
down and suffered severely, losing about 400 men 
in halt an hour. The maneuver, of which this was 
a part, was one of the most prominent affairs of the 
day, the credit of which belongs wholly to Sigel. 
Just before 5 o'clock Sigel suddenly withdrew all 
our forces from the left, and with great rapidity 
hurled them upon the rebel left, sweeping him and 
pushing him back, with great loss, upon his center. 
Here the conflict was long and the carnage dreadful 
The enemy gathered up his forces in support of bis 
center, and maintained the contest with dogged 
obstinacy until almost dark, when he once more ex¬ 
tended his right, with which he met McDowell’s two 
brigades and in reality repulsed them. The fight 
was really terminated by the darkness, but so much 
advantage had been gained by our side that Sigel, 
who knew that Lee had not yet come up in full 
force, prayed for two hours more of daylight, as he 
had at hand nearly the. whole corps of McDowell, 
fresh and eager tor tho fray. Indeed, so confident 
felt our officers and men of ultimate and complete 
success, that it was greatly feared the enemy would 
leave during the night, and thus snatch from our 
grasp the fruits of the victory almost within it. 
Ou Saturday morning artillery was sent out to 
feel the enemy at different positions, and likewise a 
brigade of infantry on each wing. Butterfield, of 
Forter’s corps on the left, and Steven’s division on 
the right. But the fighting was not in earnest. The 
enemy seemed disinclined at first to pay any atten¬ 
tion to our assaults, which were really only intended 
to draw him out. Pope’s desire was to ascertain the 
point where the enemy had massed his greatest 
strength, and nearly the whole day, up to 3 o’clock 
P. M., was spent in unimportant maneuvers, and 
feeling each other. But every thing leads to the 
belief that this time was of vast moment to the 
enemy. He was undoubtedly bringing up his re¬ 
serves under Lee. Up to half-past three o'clock he 
would neither accept nor give battle. But suddenly, 
at that hour, he opened a terrific attack upon our 
center, which quickly extended to our left, and 
though the fight lasted but two hours, until half-past 
five, the numbers of the enemy were so great that 
our lines were forced back, and a retreat across Bull 
Run to Centerville was ordered. Our forces all 
crossed safely, and in good order, save a consider¬ 
able portion ot Porter’s and McDowell’s corps, who 
had become disorganized during the fight. 
Centerville, Va., 5 A. M., Aug. 31.—The bat¬ 
tles of yesterday and the day before, on the already 
classic ground of Bull Run, will rank with Napo¬ 
leon’s bloodiest; and more than one General 
fought in them to whom, ere this hour, he would 
have given a marshal’s baton, while he would have 
made proud an hundred privates with the ribbon 
of the Legion of Honor. 
Let me first detail the movements by which the 
two days' struggle was brought on. 
While at Warrenton, early on Wednesday, I 
learned that Jackson was in our rear, and that we 
should once more try to trap him. Sigel and Mc¬ 
Dowell marched that morning up the turnpike 
from Warrenton toward Centerville, where tno 
enemy was supposed to be. This road pas*s 
through Bull Run battle-field, five miles west pf 
Centerville, nooker, Porter, and Reno, moved from 
our left (now, as we faced about toward Washing¬ 
ton, becomes our right) toward the same point, via 
Manassas Junction. Sigel, in advance of McDowell, 
reached Gainesville, four miles from the Bull Run 
field, that night, and came upon the enemy’s cav¬ 
alry and stragglers. Resting a few hours, by 3 
o'clock lie was moving. The enemy did not appear 
in front, and, leaving McDowell to take care of that 
road. Sigel turned to the right to connect with 
Hooker at Manassas Junction. Hooker had fought 
near there on Wednesday, (of which I will speak 
in a moment,) and it was possible he needed help. 
When within about two miles of the Junction, 
Sigel learned that the enemy was on the Warren- 
ton Road, and turning short to the left he marched 
to the south side of the Bull Run field. It was then 
6 P, M.j McDowell, who, as before stated, had re¬ 
mained on that road between the enemy and War¬ 
renton, harl been throwing shell some hours, and 
now we could hear musketry. Gaining the heights 
where Hunter fought a year ago, and approaching 
the turnpike, we could locate the scene of the en¬ 
gagement by the line of musketry flashes. It was 
King's division repelling the enemy iu his attempt 
to escape toward Warrenton. The affair lasted two 
hours, and King held the field. We had come 
upon the enemy's left, flank. Schenck's division be¬ 
came partially engaged, gave the enemy’s cavalry a 
few shell, then the whole corps rested for the night. 
At tho very time King was fighting on the Warren¬ 
ton road, Ricketts was engaged lighting rebel re-en- 
lorcements coming up through Thoroughfare Gap, 
live miles further west. He was compelled, having 
sutiered a loss of 250, to withdraw and join King, 
after the latter had finished his day’s work. Rey¬ 
nolds’ division (Pennsylvania reserves,) then tem¬ 
porarily with McDowell's corps, was in tho same 
vicinity. 
The situation then, Friday morning, was this:— 
Sigel’s corps (divisions of Schurz, Milroy, Stein- 
wehr, and Schenck.) on the Bull Run field fronting 
to the west, was close against the enemy. Mc¬ 
Dowell’s corps, nearly connected with Sigel’s on the 
latter’s left, but was not within fighting distance of 
the enemy. Ileintzleman’s corps (divisions of 
Hooker, Kearney, and Reno’s corps,) was at Cen¬ 
terville, moving down tbe turnpike, which would 
lead it upon Sigel’s right. Porter was far back 
—seven or eight miles —in Sigel'a rear. These 
corps—Sigel’s, Reno’s, Heintzleman’s, McDowell's, 
and Porter’s — were all that were engaged at any 
time during the two days, Friday and Saturday. 
They came into action in the order I have named 
them. 
Fortunately I had been with Sigel during his two 
days’ march to find the enemy, and was with him 
now that it fell to him to open the main struggle. 
His corps had held the advance under heavy artil¬ 
lery fire on the Rappahannock the lour previous 
days, had now marched two days, a part of the time 
in line of battle, and taking but four hours’ rest 
moved into a battle—not a skirmish, not an affair 
not an action, not an engagement, but a great bat¬ 
tle; for such are the names given to fights in the 
order of tbeir magnitude. 
Long before daylight Sigel had visited every po¬ 
sition of his line, had seen to the placing of every 
battery, and with the daylight his artillery sounded. 
The “Jessie Scouts” (transferred by Fremont to 
Sigel) reported the enemy as massed in and beyond 
a stretch of woods a mile long, west of and running 
nearly parallel with tbe road. Their line, however, 
extended on their right to the road, where they had 
guns on commanding heights on their left to Bull 
Run stream, with a battery or two across upon the 
north side. Sigel’a lino •«-»«» '-•ppncUa on fho south 
side of the road. 
The first hour in was all artillery. Sigel was 
advancing battery after battery to this and that 
eminence, supporting each with a brigade, hearing 
the reports of scouts, sending cavalry now tar to the 
right, now far to the left, gradually advancing his 
division in cover of hills upon which he bad placed 
guns—in a word, feeling for the enemy, rapidly ad¬ 
vancing, but cautiously, every step. The enemy 
disdained to make any sign—but not long. Ilis 
artillery was compelled to answer ours, and, press¬ 
ing on, we unearthed his infantry. There was a 
light rattle, then a roar of musketry. Milroy, in 
advance, had come square upon rebels in masses. 
Onr line of battle was formed, Schurz having the 
right, Schenck the leit, Milroy the advance center, 
Steinwehr the reserve center. 
A little after, Milroy and Schurz became engaged. 
They drove the enemy a mile or more. During 
this time Schenck had been engaged ou the left, but 
not heavily. Tough old Heiulzleman arrived at 
this juncture from Centerville with his whole corps. 
Schurz was withdrawn for Kearney and Hooker to 
take his place. Reno arrived soon after from the 
same direction. Stevens’ division of his corps 
inarched to the left to support Schenck, and the 
attack was once more along the whole line. I 
should have stated that some time before the cessa¬ 
tion, Milroy, after two hours of musketry iu torna¬ 
does, was driven back, much c’d to pieces, and re¬ 
placed by Steinwehr, who was foisted by Schenck 
at his left. 
It was now 1 o’clock. Sigel'/corps only had been 
engaged, and we had on the wlole gained ground— 
at the right nearly a mile. It was reasonable to 
suppose that with the assistance of Reno and lleint- 
zleman, and most of the day before us, we should 
utterly demolish the enemy. It has since appeared 
that simultaneously with tar re-enforeemeuts he 
received larger ones. Loiigitreet’s whole command, 
whose passage through Thoroughfare Gap Ricketts 
had disputed the day be five, had now joined Jack- 
BOn and Ewell, whom he iad been fighting. Hith¬ 
erto Longstreet would na-urally join Jackson at his 
right. It was upon our left and occasionally our 
center that we were nost severely pressed the 
remainder of the day. 
Up to this time Sige 1 had command of the field. 
He had made the dispifiitions before the fight, and 
conducted it successfully six hours. Pope arrived 
from Centerville aboutnoon, and assumed command, 
but wisely and gcnercasly deferred to Sigel the rest 
of the day, as beirg best acquainted with the 
position. 
At 2 o'clock the fight was raging along the whole 
line terrifically—misketry like Gaines’ Hill, and 
artilleryHkeMalvera Hill. There was notlO minutes 
cessation at any oie time for the next three hours. 
We advanced nota step; we retired not a sttfp. The 
enginery of war - men, guns, and “ villainous salt¬ 
peter”—seemed tqnal on each side to the other. At 
5 o’clock Scheiuk was ordered back to the left, and 
tho artillery of'that wing fell back to tbe next emi¬ 
nence. Daring the three boui s, scarcely a regiment 
of the three corps on the field that had not been into 
tho thickest. Promptly and skillfully, as a com¬ 
mand would become exhausted, it would be replaced 
by another, but only for a brief rest, then to up and 
at it. These splendid “passages of lines,” as such 
movements are technically called, seem to me a fea- 
jture that ought not to.’pass uncommended. 
The withdrawal oL the left was not a giving up of 
the battle. Troops were rushed to the right, and a 
redoubled onset made there. Again tbe enemy was 
forced, nis left was swept upon his center—we 
took him “endwise,” in flank. While the infantry 
fought those, our artillery, eleven batteries in line, 
played stunningly, each gun pointed well to the left, 
that no unlucky shell might harm a friend. We 
could move the rebels no further than their center. 
Musketry in rolls, in crushes, sounded out of the 
spot uf woods where our advance was stayed; how 
tenaciously the enemy held their ground I cannot 
hope to adequately express. 
It was 6 o'clock. The enemy not only held his 
center but advanced upon our left. It was critical. 
Opportunely McDowell’s corps appeared coming to 
our relief. Two brigades (Hatch’s and Double¬ 
day’s) immediately met the enemy's advance upon 
our left, aud although suffering terribly, stayed him 
until dark. Tile day’s work was ended. We held 
more ground than in the morning, but not so much 
as at noon. 
The following is a summary of the situation on 
Sunday, Aug. 31: 
Pope’s whole army was at Centreville. Since the 
battle of Saturday he has been joined by the corps 
of Franklin and Sumner, fully 25,000 of veteran 
Peninsula troopH, and 20,000 of the newly volun¬ 
teered troops were marching on from Washington. 
Pope has with him, responding to each roll call, 
over 50,000 who were engaged on Saturday, unde¬ 
moralized and anxious for other battles. There 
remain 30,000 troops immediately in front of Wash¬ 
ington. 
Engagement at Richmond, Kentucky. 
In our last we gave a brief telegraph report of a 
severe battle fought at Richmond, Ky., in which the 
Union General, Nelson, was wounded and com¬ 
pelled to retire with his forces. The. General has 
returned to Cincinnati, and from the Gazette of the 1st 
inst. wo gather the following particulars of the battle: 
From a gentleman who left the battle ground at 
four o'clock on Saturday afternoon, and came down 
on the special train that brought General Nelson, 
we obtain the following particulars of the engage¬ 
ment up to the hour ot his departure. 
On the afiernoon of Friday, the enemy, under 
Gen. Kirby Smith, supposed to be 12.000 to 14.000 
strong, drove in our cavalry pickets, who were sta¬ 
tioned out some distance from camp, and the whole 
force of Col. Monday and Col. Metcalfs cavalry 
retreated to the camp line, about one mile and a 
halt from Richmond. 
General Manson, formerly Colonel of the 10th 
Indiana, had the forces under his command in the 
absence of General Nelson, who was at Lexington, 
consisting of the 12th, 16th, 66th, 69th, and 71st Indi¬ 
ana, the 95th Ohio, and 18th Kentucky, and the cav¬ 
alry of Colonels Monday and Metcalfe, formed in 
line of battle, and advanced a mile and a half on 
the road, when we came in sight of the enemy’s cav¬ 
alry, breaking off to the left of the road. We there 
formed in line of battle with the artillery, which 
consisted of five pieces in position. The pieces 
were at once unlimbered. aud after throwing a few 
shells, the enemy retreated rapidly. We captured 
one piece of artillery, and a number of blankets and 
accoutrements. 
We thus advanced up tho road after them to 
Uogersville, and there bivouacked tor the night. 
Metcalfe’s cavalry were sent, out to see how far 
the enemy had gone, and came up with them seven 
miles distanl. They were in force, and our cavalry 
wore fired into by them, when they returned. 
The next morning, (Saturday,) between five and 
six o'clock. Gen. Mason started ahead with two 
regiments and four pieces of artillery. After pro¬ 
ceeding a short, distance we saw some of the enemy’s 
cavalry coming toward us. on a scouting expedition, 
to the right of the road, and after advancing a short 
distance we were opened upon by their artillery. We 
formed in line ot battle, and had an artillery fight, 
which lasted for an hour or more. We now found 
the enemy attempting to turn our left flauk, when 
sharp tiring took place between our and their skir¬ 
mishers. 
The Colonel whose regiment was thrown out as 
skirmishers, sent in for re-enforcements, when the 
69th Iudiana was ordered to re-enforce him. They 
advanced through a dense fire of shot and shell from 
the enemy, and went at it like old soldiers. After 
some heavy firing they turned our left flank, and 
advanced on U3 with a large force. We then 
retreated between two and three miles, and re¬ 
formed in line of battle on some high hills, with 
the artillery ou the right and left flanks, when firing 
from the artillery commenced on both sideB, and 
was kept up for several hours, when the enemy 
again advanced in large force from a dense wood on 
our right flauk, and after some severe firing, suc¬ 
ceeded in turning it, when a retreat took place to 
the original camping ground of the brigade about a 
mile from Richmond. 
nere Gen. Nelson, who had just come up, met the 
men, and by great efforts re-rallied them, and again 
formed them in line of battle. At this time the am¬ 
munition of the artillery had almost given out, and 
some of the guns were without any men left to work 
them, all being killed or wounded; but with what 
little ammunition was left, we replied to the enemy’s 
guns until they either changed their position or were 
silenced. 
This was about 4 P. M., on Saturday, when our 
informant left the ground. He states that Lieut. - 
Colonel Topping, of the 71st Indiana, had a horse 
shot under him, and was afterward shot through the 
body and died from the wound. Major Conklin, of 
the same regiment, was reported killed. The Major 
of Metcalfe’s cavalry was also reported killed. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Stout, of the 69th Indiana, is 
reported wounded, and so is the Major of tbe 18th 
Kentucky. From other gentlemen who arrived 
from Richmond and Lexington last evening, we 
learn that another attack was made on the lines 
after it was formed by Gen. Nelson, by ihe infantry 
and cavalry ol the enemy, and our forces were com¬ 
pletely routed. Some two thousand of our men 
were taken prisoners, and the balance scattered, 
many of them on the road to Lexington. In this 
engagement General Nelson received his wound. 
The 95th Ohio maintained their ground until they 
were scattered by Colonel Metcalfe’s cavalry, which 
dashed in among them. 
All our forces that were in this engagement were 
raw men of the last levy. Our informants state that 
they acted well so long as they were in position; 
but as soon as their commander attempted to move 
them they became disorganized, and could not again 
be brought into position. Col. Manson acted gal¬ 
lantly and nobly, and his management of tho raw 
troops under his command is highly spoken of by 
those who were present, 
Gen. Lew. Wallace received a dispatch from Gov. 
Morton, yesterday afternoon, asking him to meet 
