nothing; it owes me ditto. I learned something by 
it; I owe tbe Rural reader what I have learned. I 
am going to pay what 1 owe. 
THE FAIR WAS A SUCCESS. 
Not in all respects; in some. The number of 
horses gathered here was very large indeed; not as 
large as was promised by letters three or lour week? 
prior to the Farr; but certainly much the largest 
gathering of horse flesh ever found at a Western 
exhibition. Not only the number, but the quality 
of the stock was superior. Oonnoiseurs in this kind 
of stock, from all parts of the country, testified to 
the superioiity of the class of horses exhibited here 
in competition fur the premiums offered. The stal¬ 
lions of all breeds, the thorough-bred stock, the 
crosses of Morgans and thorough-bred?, the trotting 
stock, the pacers, the carriage, saddle horses, and 
ponies, combined to make an exhibition that, in the 
classic language of Col. Harris, might be called a 
horse-heaven. The introduction and exhibition 
here of thorough-bred stock, and their crosses with 
Morgans, has resulted in good to the stock interests 
of the West, or will do so. Horse men who have 
looked at and admired the beauty and motion of this 
stock — the results of these crosses — and noted the 
prices asked and received there for, have gone home 
with new intentions and a new'estimate of the value 
of blood in the production and development of all 
domestic annuals. 
This Fair brought together breeders from tbe most 
of the Loyal States —men with divers interests and 
notions—each with a theory to prove, and with the 
intention to establish it with the Btock bo exhibited. 
The exchange and interchange of views, the com¬ 
parison of stock, the verdict of committees, have 
all proved profitable to this class of men—directly 
or indirectly. And herein lies mainly the measure 
of success 1 attach to this Fair. 
There has been a revelation of facts of importance 
to Western men, in connection with tbe breeding ol 
horses. These I Bhall hereafter be able to give in 
detail; for they are promised me. 
The following States were represented herewith 
stock:—Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Mis¬ 
souri, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, Pennsyl¬ 
vania, Now York, and Maryland. Vermont and the 
Canadas had promised to contribute to tbe exhibi¬ 
tion; but the war excitement, draft, Ac., prevented. 
The Fair was a success so far as the working of its 
internal machinery was concerned. And it may be 
a suggestion of some value to other organizations if 
I give its working organization here. No awarding 
committees had been selected prior to the Fair. 
Such selections, whether at State or County Fairs, 
are usually nominal and useless. The morning the 
Fair opened, an Executive Committee was made by 
selecting two men from each State represented by 
exhibitors at the Fair. In this Executive Commit¬ 
tee was vested all executive power—to make and 
unmake awarding committees in the different 
classes, to settle all questions of dispute between 
exhibitors; to listen to and right all wrongs,— to 
direct the exhibition; to decide all appeals from the 
decisions of awarding committees. This Executive 
Committee was in session from 10 o’clock in the 
moruinguntil night. 11 was its duty to select a new 
committee to make tbe awards in each class, while 
bers and gamblers —a class drawn together by the 
exhibition, and unfortunately giving it a character 
foreign to the intention of its projectors. 
CAN A HORSE FAIR BE MADE RESPECTABLE ? 
Yes!—but only hy a most complete system, with 
an efficient organization to operate it—a system 
which shall exclude all improper characters from 
the grounds, prohibit public betting, render the 
buying and selling of premiums impossible, pay 
tbe premiums won as soon as they are awarded, 
and punish improper conduct in all cases by a 
prompt arrest and trial of the party, no matter 
who he may be. Nothing short of an autocratic 
government will do at a Horse Fair— a head quick 
to decide and prompt to act. There is no good 
reason ■why Horse Fairs may not be made as use¬ 
ful, interesting and profitable as any Fair. But it 
cannot be tbe case until what is wrong is dearly 
perceived and promptly excluded from them. 
As before intimated, I have something to say of 
the different breeds of stock represented at this Fair, 
and of the results of different crosses. But it must 
be deferred for the present 
CALIFORNIA. — JEtUKAL SUMMARY. 
the class was being called into the ring. In impor¬ 
tant classes when the premium was large and the 
competition exciting, the awarding committees were 
chosen as follows:— Each member of the Executive 
Committee wrote the name of his candidate for 
judge upon a ballot and dropped it into a bat. 
The chairman of the Executive Committee then 
drew five ballots from the hat; and if there was no 
objection made to the parties so drawn they were 
the selected awarding committee; if objections 
were made, the drawing was continued until the 
proper person was chosen. Tbe cbuinnan of the 
committee then gives instructions to the judges, 
each asserting his disinterestedness in each animal 
exhibited in the class. The judges examine the 
animals, signify the one receiving the award; the 
Marshal ties on the ribbons, notes the number of 
the enlry on the entry card of tbe winning animal, 
records it in a pass-book provided for the purpose, 
and returns the latter to the Secretary, al the of¬ 
fice, who records the awards in the entry-book. 
This system of making committees, settling dis¬ 
putes, and legislating through an Executive Com¬ 
mittee, constantly in session, on the judges stand, 
while the parlies interested are present, the cir¬ 
cumstances fresh and witnesses at baud, has 
proven a success. It leaves no vexed questions to 
adjust after every one is tired out and disgusted 
with the whole matter. 
THE FAIR WAS A FAILURE. 
From late numbers of the California Farmer , we 
condense the following summary of Agricultural 
intelligence, &c 
Blackberry Wine ,—The Lawton Blackberry is now 
being converted into wine, in considerable quanti- 
li'-s, and is being acknowledged among the estab¬ 
lished good wines of the State. 
Prices of Fruit in Sierra County—A\ Downieville, 
on the 1st of August, apples and peaches were sell¬ 
ing at 37 cents per pound, plumB at 75 cents; butter 
was 50 cents per pound, and eggs $1 per dozen. 
Yet all these things can be produced in abundance 
in that county. 
Average Price of Butter .—The Santa Cruz Senti¬ 
nel , in alluding to tbe fact that 1,800 packages of 
butter were brought- to that ooast, by a late steamer, 
says: This is the best dairy country in the world; 
and yotour people are content to eat Isthmus grease. 
It is surprising how little good butter finds its way 
to market. Look into any butter depot in the city, 
and you find much of it oily, white, sometimes with 
hairs in it, but generally lacking the fine flavor 
which renders it a luxury. We suppose a good 
brand of butter will bring an average price of 45 
cents the year round. This, with the increase of 
stock, and the cheapness of grazing land, ought to 
make it a most desirable business. Tbe best butter 
makers can Fell their product faster than they can 
make it, without going any distance for a market 
Mildew in Grapes .—In the neighborhood of Stock- 
ton, San Jose, Sonoma, and Sacramento, as well as 
in other parts of California, this blight is prevailing 
more or less. Dampness in the atmosphere seems 
to be the immediate cause. 
The San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Fair was to 
be held at Stockton, Sept 9, 10, 11 and 12. Pre¬ 
miums amounting to over $0,000 were offered. 
Export of Grain last year, from California: — 
1,792,217 bushels, and 171 417 barrels of flour. Five 
years before, California imported 50,000 barrels of 
flour for home consumption. 
Raspberries , Blackberries, <tc., ai the Oakland 
Gardens .—The raspberry crop has been injured by 
the wet season, and is smaller than usual. But of 
changed to feed on rusted wheat, finely cut, and the 
cow increased in milk to give three quarts where 
only two was given before. No change in feed, only 
from hay to fine cut rusty wheat straw. I saved a 
piece of five or six acres winter wheat, that was 
spoiled by frost, with the same good effect. The 
writer feels confident that casualties in crops are 
not (or need not) always be a total failure, if turned 
in the right, channel. 
I am trying to farm it a little, and have taken in 
hand what I call summer fallow. The field that T 
commenced with was a piece of rather Bandy pas¬ 
ture, some call it light sand. I sowed with plaster 
in the spring; after com planting I put what straw 
and coarse manure I had left, pretty well covered 
with dry straw and turned under with what grass I 
could get to grow at the time. Sowed to buckwheat 
and plastered again. I have now turned under a 
heavj crop of buckwheat Some call it useless, 
because there is no bulk to tbe buckwheat when 
rotted. 1e there not more of a fertilizing properly 
in plowing in a crop of buckwheat in bloom, or 
just as the grain forms, than there would be in 
letting the crop mature, and feed to fowls, and plow 
in the roost, making allowance for outside waste? 
As to blight and rust, and most all derangements 
of grain crops, my present theory is (perhaps an 
error) that the substance of the grain is retained in 
the straw; as nature’s channel is closed or deranged, 
so the strength of the grain does not pass in its 
natural way. Any remarks from the editor, or 
others, would be read with interest. w. h. 
Gaines, August, 1862. 
Ifc* 'Qn-'gttycv . 
Tlio Bee’s Place in the Animal 'Kingdom. 
The division of the Class of Insects, by natu¬ 
ralists, into sub-classes and orders has been effected, 
first, by reference to the degree of metamorphosis 
which the group undergoes; and, secondly, to the 
absence or presence of wings, and where these are 
present, to their number and character. 
ThuR, one group or sub-class that undergoes no 
apparent change, in called Ainetabola; a second, in 
which the metamorphosis, though perceptible, is not 
complete, is called 1/enwmetabola; and the thud, or 
highest subdivision, in which there is a complete 
transition from tbe worm-like or lame state, first (o 
tbe pupal or motionless stage, and next to the imago 
or perfect insect, when the actual metamorphosis is 
effected and tbe creature bursts lorib from its tomb, 1 
fully fitted, both internally and externally, for its 
aerial existence, is called ZTufcjmelabola. And here 
we shall find our honey-bee, along with the beetle, 
the fly, and many other injects. 
On examining the wings of the boo, we shall per- 1 
ceive them to be four in number; but this is not a 1 
sufficiently unique feature in its organization to en¬ 
able us to determine tbe order to which it pertains; * 
for there are several other orders, of widely different ' 
types, such as the Coleoptcra,(beetles,) Lepidoptera. 1 
only two such slits, and the bees are not always suc¬ 
cessful in their efforts to extract the nectar through 
them. The humble bees, having the advantage of a 
longer proboscis, readily reach the nectar through 
the mouth o the tube. The blossoms of white clover, 
as well as those of white and yellow mellilot, have 
short tubes; and the bees encounter no difficulty in 
extracting honey from them.—Bee Journal. 
Be© JUart, 
In the village of Amersfort, in Holland, a regu¬ 
lar Bee Market is held annually in the second week 
of August, after the buckwheat blossoms cease to 
furnish pasturage. The bee-keepers in the surround¬ 
ing districts then drum out the bees of such stocks 
as they do not intend to reserve for wintering, and 
bring them to market for sale, in small hives pro¬ 
vided with a feeding apparatus. The bees are 
bought by dealers, who transport them to the heath 
districts, where ample fall pasturage enables them 
to build new comb and gather a plentiful supply for 
the winter. Six thousand stocks thus drummed out, 
were sold at Amersfort market, in August, 1857. 
§wal spirit oi ffw 
Poplar Rnlls. 
NEW YORK STATE FAIR, 
To be held at Rochester, Sept 30th to Oct 3d. 
FACTS FOR EXHIBITORS AND VISITORS 
As tbe time fur bolding the 8tato Fair approaches mn -h 
interest is manifested in the matter. The {M>op!c of »• 
region, especially, (having nobly discharged the.j r < 3 ,,. '• * 
furnishing volunteers, and otherwise promoting tij e ^ t ,. 
cause.) seem disposed, and even anxious, to aid j„ ni a |,j_ n 
the coining exhibition highly creditable and beneficial. The 
numerous requests we are receiving for premium liita [,otb 
personal and by letter, and almost constant inquiries shout 
the Fair, indicate that many are desirous of sueh infnrmatien 
as will enable them to ant advisedly. As the best means of 
answering these inquiries, and of ndvislng all interested we 
condense tho following from the General Regulations 
the Fair: 
TiiK Executive Committee will have rooms at Rochester 
during the Fair, where they will be pleased to welcome visit¬ 
ors each evening. 
Evknino Meetings will he held at the Citv flail, (Court 
House.) each evening during the Fair, for the discussion J 
subjects connected w ith Agriculture, 
Admissions.—M etubore of the Society, and all who mav 
become «u.:li at the lair, hy the payment of $1 will receive 
four rickets labeled Admit a Member," which will adiui’ 
four persons ou delivering a ticket tor each person. 
Exhibitors (and necessary attendant* upon stock and articles) 
wit) he furnished with ticket* to pass at tbe Exhit/Uors’ Gate 
These ticket* will be Mil)/ good al the one gate. 
Single tickets twenty-the cents. Life mem bore, $10. 
Entries Person* intending to exhibit must become mem 
bers, and their entries should tie marie on or be tore Monday 
Sept zyth, and all animals or articles for exhibition must ho 
J f-t - T-»* V , , ~ » --UHVU 41 . ninttr «»u ur ucivrr irilHIUAY 
OSEPH Roberts, of Ridgeway, Wisconsin, Sept mh, and all animals or articles for exhibition niuatbi 
writes to the Wisconsin Farmer:— li l can produce taiS', 1 'V ,IP Kecr ’' tar > s book* not later 
vou jnuuuu: than 1 uetoay, Sept 80th, with accompanying statement* as 
poplar rails, made in the month of April, in the required in the premium fist, 
year 1847, that are sound this dav, free from rot. Blood Stook.—P ersons intending to exhibit blood stock- 
aid better than an, oak rail that 1 bare in my I”*—«•«•*> W«*- 
feoee, made at the same dale. Tbe tree, were 
ienea alter the leaf had come ont, and in splitting a clu ^ s " r subdivision 01 a class, only one premium wifi be 
the trees the bark came off, and every rail being " othe, ,v,se ’ ttS t,lfl raeri * 
free from baric, the timber seasoned at once—hence T ,ie j'u'g"* zkati >« nil c<ues withhold premiums where the 
tbe durability.” animat is not worthy, though there lie no competition. 
J ' __ Prise animals at previous exhibitions wifi be allowed to 
Cost of Harvest i u •' liar compete for prizes; but they muse receive a higher prize, or 
ijaivcsiiu, nay. m a different dost, to entitle them to n premium (except in 
A correspondent of the American Aaricul- *" l ,r *. , auimi lfi-L 
... , T . , . Agncui Should any tndnidnal enter an annual in any other nanw 
tun si remarks:—I bad occasion to hire a meadow of “ ia,t t>,a * °J tke luma fulc owner, the person making such entry 
nine .ere. the present Mason, and the notes from 
my field-book show th# cost of the hay and of the lutu,e exhibition <u the society, 
harvesting, and also throw some light upon the 
profits OI farming: onuna.1* wv™ dropneq, to be delivered to the judges, and to 
Tim rent of the land was ton no “, e Ul f ui " ur ‘ thu Secretary, and the age. of animals 
Cutting grass with liorso-moweVI""*. c B0 * ‘ !‘? t0 be ,K ,mi 0,1 ' ,,ul ‘ l “K their entries. In the classes 
linking four hours with hoisc-rake. 11,0 ?I fitioit horns, Devons I/aeJords, Ayrshire* tmd Aldsrwys 
Curing and stacking seven tons . " the P^K 1 *** " U T. iulm, “ U UIU *‘ l >" furnished to the judges, 
b . as provided m thu Points ot Animals adopted bv the Exeom 
Total. 7^ Uve Committee 
m K * ” , c 7, ,...„ 1 renwumii tsdl not be paid on animals or articles removed 
IQI8 ?noWh (be cost Of the hay in Stack to be five ,rom Hi* exhibition without the approval of the President 
dollars a ton. A? it is worth fifteen, there is a profit Hoesks.-No horse will be allowed a premium tm/m he is 
of seventy dollars on the nine acres. But it is noor * u,n<a ,n c0II, ' c<J,i ’' n wit>1 lt,u " ho,v (founds for stock, there 
xv . . , . _ , * h HU excellent track tor the exhibition anti tji*J «»r hnrk<>c 
laiming wbero grass ^yields under a ton to the acre, The ht>r*rs v\in bu «?xhibit«*ii cam 0a> dario^the Fair, under 
as in this case. Iiad the land yielded two tons to tl| e directum ot llm Suii'-rUilendeut, and tlmtlfow and manner 
.1 , ' "1 ezhitniiou of the dtlferent cia**ei; will he aniionnerd in 
the acre. It would have cost no more to mow it and hannbaJis each day, Commodious seats for several, thousand 
to rake iU The only additional expense would have Pf* 011 * art; «•«*.«!. tuni the occupant* will, a* be re- 
i . ., • . . , qoiri-d to pay a hiuall charge. Jn this departmei l the acconi- 
been in gathering, Which would not have exceeded Uiodalionn will hr equal to any heretofore ill this State. 
ItoksKS.—No liorso will he allowed a premium -unless he is 
sound In connection with the show grounds for stock, there 
i* mi excellent track for the exhibition and trial ot horses. 
Tlie horses will be exhibited each day during the Fair, under 
tue direction ot the Sup.ru,Undent, and the time and manner 
ol exhibition of the dllfereut cliutet; will he announced in 
hantibills each day . Commodious seats for several, thousand 
persons are cra ted, and ilm occupant* will, a* usual, be re- 
Ik'red to pay a small charge. In this depart me. l the accom¬ 
modations will he equal to any heretofore in this State. 
able us to determine tbe order to which it pertains; -Mid hand rake for less than three dollars a ton. 
for there are several other orders, of widely different The expense iu this is but a trifle over two dollars a 
types, such a« the Coleoptcra,(beetles,) Lepidoptera, ten. The farmer who owns his horse-mower and 
(butterflies,) &c., all of which possess two pairs of rf ike, I have no doubt can gather bis hay for a dol- 
a dollar a tOD. From accounts kept several Tears Arrangements Will be made tor the trial of draught horses 
, . „ , “ ^ beyeiai years, and working oxen, b.v lusting their atreugUi and training at a 
i bave never been ableto gather bay with the scythe Hur»va must be upon the ground hy p© clock a. m 
and hand rake for h* than three dollar, a ton. Sjt?S5r$VS 
wings. We must look therefore at the character of 
the wings themselves, and shall find them to be of a 
firm parchment-]ike texture. IIonce it is that the 
order has received its name, Ilymenoplera, from 
two Greek works, denoting the membranous struc¬ 
ture of these organs. To this order belongs not 
only the bee, but also the wasp, the ant, and some 
other insects, all remarkable for their highly devel¬ 
oped instinct. These minor grouj>s are termed 
the blackberry, says the editor, it surpasses any thing ^hteh indude. the bee, is tbe 
we have ever seen pr dreamed of. Mr. White had farali f the or true bees-fee honey or 
six acres of tbe Lawton Blackberry. On the 31st of Ij1 je<) scientifically known as Apis mellijica . 
* r I’ l-«•-» i, . j-I ,,p»T it I « 4 ♦ . a 1. z . p ! i . 
1st Pecuniarily, a failure. Over eleven thousand . 
dollars of the fourteen thousand dollars offered in - nerland Immigration to California. Th 
premiums, were won at the Fair—which sum, aside emigrants this year is said to be beyoi 
from tbe expenses, was at least four thousand denL Twenty-five thousand travelers, and 
dollars more than the receipts. I make this state- 8and wagons are reported on the Larar 
merit because I have no wish to disguise any fact tdoDC mostly from Missouri and the No 
which will tend to place Horse Fairs and their em States. 
friends in the right position. No one who knew Grapes were in the Sacramento n 
aught of the preparations making to attend and ex- the 20th of July—the White Madelaine. } 
Mbit at this Fair, prior to the call for the last G00,- ville, also, ripe grapes were in the market 
000 troops, and the announcement of the intention -- 
July, six or eight men x^eked 800 pounds. This is 
about the usual day’s work—seven men. all em¬ 
ployed at 75 cents per day. At the fine grounds of 
Mr. Potter, wap a splendid variety of grapes — 
Muscat of Alexandria, Golden Chasselas, White St 
Peter’s, Black July — all fine bunches, well filled, 
plump berries; vines iu healthy condition, free from 
mildew and red spider. 
A Gieai Fruit Bazaar in San Francisco. — The 
great fruit warehouse, erected by Messrs. Graves <fc 
Williams, and which is a most creditable building, 
is now the great fruit market of our city, and is the 
general resort of all those who wish to see what 
California fruit orchards and gardens produce. It 
presents, in enormous piles, baskets of apples, pears, 
peaches, plums, apricots, melons, and boxes of 
grapes, figs, and other delicious fruits, (he products 
of California, and this, in the first week of August. 
Wool for Germany .— Messrs. Godshan & Black¬ 
burn, of San Luis Obispo, had a splendid clip of 
fine wool, about i0.000 pounds, which was graded 
and packed. It was sold for 35 cents per pound, to 
go to Germany. 
Overland Immigration to California.—'The number 
of emigrants this year is said to be beyond prece¬ 
dent. Twenty-five thousand travelers, and six thou¬ 
sand wagons are reported on tbe Laramie route 
alone —mostly from Missouri and the North-West¬ 
ern States. 
Ripe Grapes were in the Sacramento market on 
the 20th of July—the White Madelaine. At Marys- 
of tbe Government to draft, doubts that it would 
have been a pecutnary success, under different cir¬ 
cumstances— aye, under ordinary circumstances. 
But it was not. 
2d. A failure morally. I am frank to concede 
this. It is my duty to do go. now much soever 
good to the industrial interests of the country may 
have resulted by the introduction and comparison 
of different breeds of stock at this Fair, it cannot 
be said to have made any man purer in mind nor 
heart, unless it be by discovering to him new 
phases of depravity, aud increasing iu him the ab¬ 
horrence of vice and wrongdoing. It failed to 
prove (to me) that a Horse Fair could be held 
without gathering to it men embodying the worst 
passions, vices, and dishonest practices— without 
making this class tbe salient feature of; if not the 
controlling element in its operations. It failed to 
prove (to me) that au honest hair can be found in 
a professional horseman’s head —that honesty is 
at all essential in horse traffic— that truth has any 
claim upon the conscience of the class of men who 
succeed in figuring largest at such shows. It failed 
to prove (to me) that such Fairs are at all essential 
to the progress of civilization, or to the elevation 
SOME FACTS AND SUGGESTIONS. 
Friend Moore:— As I have been a reader of the 
Rural for some time, and with considerable inter¬ 
est, I seat myself to scribble a few things that have 
come to notice. It may be that I shall merit the 
term of fault-finder. 
The transplanting of Bees is very useful in 
making the road-side pleasant, and door-yard beau¬ 
tiful and pleasant. I see many in towns, and some 
out in the country, attempting to improve their 
places and beautify their yards by setting trees, 
or rather small stumps. [I suppose you have 
already discovered that the writer belongs to 
the bushwhack tribe] Now, we of the woods 
do not expect our stumps, however tall they 
may be, to be very beautiful shades, without 
even disturbing the roots at all. Most writers 
that I have read call the leaves the lungs, or breath¬ 
ing apparatus, of the tree, and the roots the mouth. 
Nuw, is it strange there is so much failure in trans¬ 
planting when the mouth is badly injured and the 
luqgs all taken away? With this remark I would 
leave each to give his own answer. 
I bave seen some burning crops of straw, or try- 
Tbe former designation (Apis) is that of its genus, 
and the latter (mellifica) of its species; but although 
its specifie name is derived from a Latin word de¬ 
noting its honey-making properties, it is not because 
it is the only species of bee that produces this deli¬ 
cious substance (for there are others possessing the 
same attribute,) but it is because to us its hive- 
labors render it par excellence the honey bee. Once 
more, then, Apis mellifica, tho honey bee, belongs to 
the family Apulat , or true bees, included in tho 
llymenoptcrous (membranous-winged) order of tbe 
class Jnsecla or insects, and iu that subdivision ol' 
the class known as Melabola or Jlolornelabola, in 
consequence of the contained forms undergoing a 
complete metamorphosis; whilst (to complete onr 
classification) the Jnsecla themselves occupy the 
highest rank as a class in that province of the animal 
kingdom, known as tbe ArlicuLata or Arthropoda, 
(articulated feet,) which are iu their turn included 
in the great sub-kingdom ol Jnveriebrata , or animals 
not possessed of an internal vertebrated skeleton.— 
ISarnudson’s “ Humble Creatures .” 
Bee liaw in France. • 
1. The owner of a swarm of bees has the right 
to pursue and reclaim it, provided he follows it when 
it issues from the Live and leaves his premises; 
otherwise it belongs to the. proprietor of the ground 
or property, to which it resorts and clusters. 
2. A swarm discovered flying iu the air, and not 
yet pursued by any one, belongs to him who first 
sees and pursues it. 
3. Stocks of bees are exempt from taxation, and 
are not subject to levy, execution, or sale for taxes, 
imposts, or duties, or for debts or liabilities of any 
kind whatever. 
4. Bees are not to be disturbed or annoyed, but 
must be allowed to carry on their operations in 
peace, with liberty to fly and forage where they 
please. The removal or transportation of stockR 
from one place to another, i9 permitted only in the 
mouths of December, January and February. 
5. When a bee-keeper sees that a swarm is issuing 
from one of his hives, he is bound to announce the 
fact to his neighbors and others, by making an out¬ 
cry or noise; and he must immediately follow aud 
secure the swarm, il it leaves bis own premises. But 
in so doing, he is not permitted to scale walls, or 
break down fences. If he causes any damage when 
securing, hiving, or recovering his swarm, he is 
bound to make satisfactory compensation to the in¬ 
jured party, before he removes the swarm. 
G. Stocks of bees purchased by the owner of real 
estate, to be used in practical bee-culture on his 
premises, are to be regarded and treated as fixtures 
belonging to the property. If the real estate be sold 
without an express reservalion of the stocks, in the 
conditions of sale, they belong to the purchaser, and 
cannot be removed without his consent .—Civil Code. 
of the moral character of a people —or that they ing to do so, where by some casualty the grain had Red Clover. 
can be made so until the predominating element 
is of a different character than I have yet dis¬ 
covered. 
Be it known, I do not, by so writing, desire nor 
intend to reflect upon the character of the majority 
of exhibitors at this Fair. Many of them were gentle¬ 
men in every sense of the word; but the salt seemed 
failed. In most, if not all cases where tho grain is 
a failure, the substance of the would be grain is not 
carried from tbe straw, hence the straw is of much 
greater value as fodder. 
Having learned front stern necessity, I state what 
I know. Wheat blasted by rust so the crop is 
totally worthless as a grain crop, and as bad as I 
When it happens that bees cannot gather honey 
from other sources, wMle the red clover is in blos¬ 
som, bees will occasionally resort to this plant for 
supplies. But they find il difficult to accomplish 
their object, because the tube of the blossom is so 
long and narrow, that they cannot reach tbe nec¬ 
taries in the usual manner. They can only gain 
lar and a half a ton. What an infinite relief the 
horse-mowers and reapers are to human muscles. 
It is cheering to seo them appearing in new fields 
every year. 
Selecting Sect! Wheat. 
Lv urging the importance of a careful selection 
of seed, the Maine Farmer remarks: 
We have before alluded to the experiments of Mr. 
lialtett, of Brighton, in England, in the selection 
of his wheat for seed, and the results which have 
attended it. It is an interesting and important iuaL 
ter with the farmer, and one which we desire to 
press upon the attention of our readers. Mr. Hal- 
lett commenced his experiments in Sept., 1869. He 
then planted one grain of wheat, and year by year 
selected most carefully tho produce of the finest 
heads of seed for the next year’s crop, and, improv¬ 
ing every successive harvest, lie has at leDgthmore 
than doubled the size of the original heads, the weight 
of the product has largely increased, and he is 
enabled to sow much earlier than formerly. These 
arc most important considerations. 
It will be remembered that at tho meeting ot the 
Board of Agriculture last winter, Mr. Haines, of 
Aroostook, stated that he one year separated his 
seed wheat, so as to have the largest, heaviest ker¬ 
nels only, to sow. In this way he obtained about 
one peck from a bushel. A bushel and a hall of 
this selected wheat was sown side by side in anoth¬ 
er field, with wheat uncleansed, and tbe former was 
four times as good as the latter, and the yield 
correspondingly heavier. The fields upon which it 
was sown were very uniform in character through¬ 
out, and this difference iu the looks of the wheat 
could be distinguished as far as the field could be 
viewed so as to see tbe grain. 
The benefits of careful selection of seed through a 
number of years, become so evident that, we think 
farmers can but profit from the experiments which 
have thus fur been made in this direction; and 
there is this advantage to it, that the plan is open to 
each farmer alike, aud with but a small expense 
attending the operation. To raiso pure crops ot 
every variety of seed, is of the greatest importance, 
and we wonder that it has so long been neglected. 
Breeding Farm 8tock. 
At one of the. recent meetings of the Derbyshire 
Agricultural Society, the Breeding of Farm Stock 
formed the subject of discussion. Dr. IDtcuman 
delivered a lecture upon tbe topic, in which he illus¬ 
trated and endeavored to establish the following 
propositions: 
1. That man has been endowed with the means of 
controlling and modifying the form of all animals. 
2. That such modified forms can be handed down 
to the progeny; but being departures from the prim¬ 
itive or natural type, the form can only be main¬ 
tained by assiduous attention on the part oi breeder. 
3. That not only because the qualities of the male 
can be immediately brought to bear upon larger 
numbers, but also because of his own special endow¬ 
ments, it is best to 6eek for improvement of form 
and quality through him. 
4. That qualities both of the form and also ol the 
character become hereditary in proportion to the 
frequency of their repetition in past generations; 
but that it is dangerous to breed from any animal 
with important defects, however high its pedigree. 
5. That healthful, well-formed animals, without 
hereditary taint, even if closely related, may be 
safely permitted to propagate their kind, provided 
the practice bo not continued through many gen¬ 
erations. 
G. That youog animals, for their first impregna¬ 
tion, should be placed to the best of their own kind, 
iu order to avoid the reappearance of stain in any 
future progeny. 
7. That science has not yet revealed any trust- 
to lose its savor among the noisy, blustering mi- ever saw, is of greater value for fodder than any access to them through a slit in the tube, situated worthy arrangement by which the proportion of the 
nority, known as professional jockeys, drivers, rub- hay. 1 have fed on good hay a milch cow, and between the calyx and the corolla. The tube has sexes can be determined upon and secured. 
Anri an > D'U'wn rmioi in# an animal without, aunh permission, 
ttUJ tor!eii me premium, hlimrlri out he awunlori 
Exhibitors — Exhibitor* are particularly requeued to ex 
amine the requirements of the premium lt»r, no us to be pre¬ 
pared fot tlie committee; when reiulj toriifechurgo their duties. 
The Executive Committee will o?e ail diligence for the safety 
of 6tuck and articles after their tu-rival aud arrangement 
upon tic ground* bid will not be. rc&jivrliriblc for any loss t/r 
damage, that, may occur._ They desire exhibitor* in give per¬ 
sonal attention to their nrlielis; aud when the Fair i* an¬ 
nounced a; (Jinxed, on Friday, after the Address, exhibitors 
or thi ir agent* will he required to take charge of theii at tides. 
Fojuok for Stock. —For the comet,icnec of exhibitors, 
stalls mid covering will be provided Oil the grounds for all the 
stock, nml toing.-, colouring of hay, cornstalks and >,lruw (for 
litter.) with waier will he supplied upon thu ground without 
charge. Grain w ifi also he ftii uidu d lor swiue and poultry. 
Tu.i.vsi'onTATioJt or Stock am, A-Exhibitors are 
informed that the railroad companies will transport articles 
free, as heretofore, the freight being paid on shipment, and 
refunded at tin- clone of the Fair, and reahipped free (the 
ownership not being changed,) and a certificate i rotii the Sec¬ 
retary ol the Soctetj that the iu tides and btedt were eutered 
and exhibited. . 
Jcmixs —The judges are desired to pay particular attention 
Jo tho regulations *i,d requirements in the premium list and 
upun the judges hooks. Their examinations will he made 
on Wednesday. No person will ho allowed to interfere with 
the judges wlide in the discharge of their duties, and any 
person interfering will he exeludrd from eompetiliou. 
The General Superintendent will, seo that the Superintend¬ 
ents of the different riapai tinents attend every facility to enable 
the judges to complete their labors ns soon as practicable. 
Animals will he exhibited in the rings prepared for that 
purpose, and th> prizes will be affixed, by the judges previous 
in Uuir leaving the iiwlusure— 1st prize, blue ribbon, 2d, red: 
3d. white. 
The judges in tho other department.), an soon as tlieir 
awards liai'e been determined and reported to thu Secretary, 
will debiguute to tlie Superintendent the articles to which tlie 
premiums are awarded. 
IT.izk Animai.r will lie exhibited ou Friday, under the 
charge of the General Superintendent. 
Tav Gknkrai. Superintendent will have the general super¬ 
vision of the grounds, and of the 1‘oliee arrangement* of the 
Fair. Hi* oflice upon the grounds will be designated by a 
-white Jlag. 
The Superintendents will meet at tlie Superintendent's 
Oflice upon the grounds each day, at such hour as may be 
designated, to pcricct. arrangements for tlie day. 
All persona having any inquiries in relation to the arrange¬ 
ments of the Fair, will make application at tlie Superintend¬ 
ent s oflice. 
The Secrbtakt’8 Ofkiob during the Fair will be at the 
entrance to the Fair Grounds, where all entries are to be 
made; and every desired attention will be given to all inquiries 
relating to the exhibition. 
Tor Presiok.nt's Okeicm will be on tbe show grounds near 
the General Superintendent's, wlwre tlie guests of tlie Society 
will he received. 
Tab PutBS.—Rooms for gentlemen of the press adjoining 
the Secretary's oftice, Where every practicable facility for tho 
earliest account of tho awards, and for a full and accurate 
accouut of the entries, and ad matters of interest relating to 
the Exhibition, will he provided. A Telegraph Oflice wilt be 
connected with that of tbe Superintendent of the Press. 
Tub Annt-at. Address will be delivered on Friday, at 1 
o'clock P. M., by Rev. lfr Hrkokinrjdok, of Ky., aud at its, 
close the reports of tho judges will he read, the premiums 
announced, and paid by the 'treasurer at th* business oflice. 
Premium Lists furnished hy the Secretary at ail times. 
Tiih Iowa State Fair- —This Fair, to lie held at Dubuque- 
next week, (Sept. 30th to Oet. 3d.) promises to he a success, 
judging from what we see in Iowa papers. It is announced 
as the tndy State. Fair in the Aarthwcst— Illinois, Wisconsin, 
Minnesota, Missouri, and other States, having postponed their 
Fairs to next year. The farmers ot those States ate cordially 
Invited to the Iowa Fair, and it is added that “ extensive 
preparations are being made, so that all who attend will be 
welcomed and made eomfortahlo. The premium list amounts 
to over $5,000, nearly double what it ever was before. Tbe 
Tournament will he a new aud attractive feature of the Fair. 
It is expected that Senator WrWUT, of Indiana, will deliver 
tue Address, and (hat Senator Grimes, of Iowa, will speak 
on tho subject of the present war. 
-- ♦ -- 
■\Vkatukr, Crocs, &c. —The weather continues unusually 
fine for the season Indeed up to this date (Sept. 23,) tlie 
whole month has been remarkably pleasant and favorable for 
out door operations—more so, we think, than that of any 
corresponding period for many years. This has greatly facil¬ 
itated the labors of the farm, and made some amends for the 
scarcity of help. The farmers of this region are busily en¬ 
gaged iu securing their crops. Corn, buckwheat, beaus, etc., 
aie good, and being harvested in fine condition. The tobacco 
crop is also beiDg secured. Tobacco will pay well this year, 
aud beaus also. Corn is a fine crop, aud will mature without 
injury iu most localities. 
The Ohio State Fair, last week, is reported to have keen 
very successful. We also have favorable reports concealing 
many County and Local Fairs, Leld recently, but no space for 
particulars. The weather has been very favorablo tor most 
of the exhibitions. 
Tub Rural's Fall Cami-aion. —A new Quarter of this 
journal commences next week. See announcement of “Our 
Fall Campaign,” &c.,— including offer of TtUt Rural, on 
Trial, at Half Price—ou seventh page. 
