bad, the vines may be pegged down and covered 
with the branches of evergreens, though it is im¬ 
probable that these could oe obtained in sufficient 
quantity to protect a large vineyard. Leaves or 
straw would answer, though they might harbor 
mice, which won hi soon destroy the vinca 
“ The vines should be left covered as long as pos¬ 
sible, but must be exposed before the buds begin to 
push in the spring. No particular day of the month 
can be given, the date varying with the locality and 
the season. The best mode of determining the point 
is to uncover some of' the vines as soon as the cold 
weather has passed away. If they are swollen and 
ready to push, it, is time to tie the 
vine to the trellis. If they seem 
still dormant, leave them a little 
_f~~l _ longer. The later the vines can 
be made to push, the better, as 
they not only escape late frosts, 
___«_ bat their excitability seems to be 
i so accumulated and intensified 
by 6uch retardation that their 
after growth is much more vig¬ 
orous thau it would otherwise 
___ have been. 
“ After the vines have been 
properly tied to the trellis, and 
" ' the ground raked, or hoed level, 
(all work oti it being avoided 
— -■ — when it is wet, however,) noth¬ 
ing should.* be doue until the 
buds have hurst so as at least to 
show their vitality and strength. 
Then 80 over the vines and rub 
* off all buds which show them¬ 
selves on the upright stem and 
horizontal arms, and disbud the 
canes so as to leave six good buds, and no more, 
on each. By doing this at this early period, the 
strength of the vine is thrown into the buds which 
remain, and they consequently push with increased 
vigor. The lowest good bud on the short spurs 
must also be left, all the others being removed. 
“ As soon as the blossoms show themselves, and 
before they have expanded, it will be uecessary 
again to go over the vines, and stop or pinch all the 
shoots which show fruit, at the same time removing 
all the blossoms except two or three clusters on 
each shoot This will not only serve to keep the 
vine within hounds, but it will cause the fruit, to set 
much better than it. would do if this course were not 
pursued. In a former section we alluded to stop¬ 
ping with a view to the ripening of the wood and 
the training of the vine, and the directions there 
given apply equally to our action as regards the 
shoots from the short spurs, they being designed to 
furnish the hearing caues lor next year, to replace 
those which are now fruiting, and which will be 
entirely cut away at the next winter pruning.” 
cold sncceeded immediately, yet, on the morning of 
the 18th inst., the glass stood at zero. These ex¬ 
tremes of temperature were most unusual and un¬ 
natural, and not only destroyed the crop of fruit, 
but injured many trees past recovery, especially 
peaches, plums, and cherries. These vicissitudes 
serve to illustrate the comparative vigor, hardiness, 
and power of endurance, in some varieties of the 
same species, and develop different degrees of sus¬ 
ceptibility in others, and thus furnish most useful 
information to the cultivator. 
From this experience we deduce the fact that 
some varieties of the pear are even more hardy than 
the apple, a fact which a little reflection will oou- 
lirm. Thus, among the few pear trees which here 
bore abundantly in 1861, were the Vicar of VY’ink- 
fieitl, Louise Bonne de Jersey, Lrbaniste. and Belle 
Luctfifive; while the apple, and most other varie¬ 
ties of the pear, failed of a crop. With me, during 
the last thirty "years, the apple has many times 
failed, while these varieties or the pear have pro¬ 
duced fruit annually. 
Whether the cause of the revulsion just noted was 
the frost of Ocloher, I860, destroying, as it did, the 
gertn of some of the flower buds of trees and shrubs, 
or whether the sudden alternations of heat and cold 
in the winter and spring of 1861 produced this re¬ 
sult. or whether, as seems more probable, it is to be 
ascribed to these two causes combined, wo can not 
with certainty decide. If there were some localities 
in which this injury was less, it is not uulikely (hat 
circumstances which atfreled one region might not 
be so active in another. The effect of a. bright sun, 
or nf keen, dry, piercing winds, immediately suc¬ 
ceeding llm frost, would intensify the damage; and, 
on the contrary, a cloudy sky and humid atmos¬ 
phere would modify and ameliorate it. Hut my 
object is not to discus, at length this subject, but 
only to record the fuels in our National Annals, for 
the information of physiologists in our own and 
other lands, whose professional business is to ob¬ 
serve these freaks of nature, and to give us their 
philosophy in the case. 
Upon the observation and study of these, and sim¬ 
ilar facts, the progress til Pomology eminently de* 
l ends, The different ability of varieties to resist, 
heat and cold, and other meteorological agents, 
reveals a most wonderful analogy between the veg¬ 
etable and animal kingdoms; for while certain ani¬ 
mals find their natural home in the frigid zones, 
others in the temperate, and still others in the torrid, 
there are some that are cosmopolites. So with our 
fruits; some are suited to oue location, some to an¬ 
other, and a very few flourish in a great variety of 
latitudes. 
But, as to the moans of protecting our fruits from 
these injuries, we need more knowledge. Experi¬ 
ence teaches us, however, that shelter and aspect 
have a powerful influence, especially ou certain 
varieties. 
As to aspect, I am more and more convinced of its 
importance. The Belgians, in their descriptive cat¬ 
alogues, are uCCUStOined to designate the aspect 
most favorable to each sort; and vvheu we shall be 
able to do the same, we shall have attained a result 
most eminently desirable. 
In regard to shelter, here in the North, so as to 
protect our trees from currents ol fierce drying 
winds, which are as equally injurious to vegetation 
as a parching heat, no one nun doubt its beneficial 
effect. The influence of shelter and aspect is more 
perceptible in some varieties than others, This is 
seen hi the fact that certain binds are healthy and 
beautiful on lene.Cs or in sheltered places, white they 
are worthless elsewhere. 
Demands kor Vron.ANOK anii Perseverance. 
—These considerations all teach us the vast range 
of our science, the great number of secondary causes 
that modify results, and consequently the impera¬ 
tive demand for extensive research,for the accumu¬ 
lation of ripe experience, and lor great patience and 
vigilance in the pornologist, Flow many sad mis¬ 
takes are developed every year, by leaping from 
partial observations to general conclusions! Wit¬ 
ness the frequent, errors ol’ cultivators. Flow often 
do they condemn the qualities of certain varieties 
before they have tested them at. mature age. They 
cut off and grail their trees with otln-r sorts, instead 
of waiting lor nature to do her work in her own 
proper time. 
Witness again the complaints against the hardi¬ 
ness of particular kinds, which have arisen from the 
fact, that they hud not passed the vascillations inci¬ 
dent to youth, ami attained a sufficient degree of age 
and solidification nf tissue, in bark and wood. Tins 
tuay be seen in the numerous injuries sustained by 
young trees of luxuriant growib. They are sub¬ 
jected to the vicissitudes of climate, some, years ouly 
recovering what they have lost in the pin ceding in 
health ami vigor, lint, having overcome the trials 
of this early pet iod, they rise above these enfeebling 
causes, arid shoot up into a mature manhood, amt 
thereafter are less liable to the fluctuations of tem¬ 
perature. 
But the demand for thorough and patient investi¬ 
gation is still further exhibited by the wonderful 
phenomena and mysteries of the vegetable kingdom 
For instance, why does the peach," which Lirst puts 
forth its leaf, delay its florescence until after that of 
the apricot, which blossoms first, aud then puts forth 
its foliage? Why dues tho Easter Hemre clothe it¬ 
self iu a while robe ofbluum he tyre the early varie¬ 
ties of pear, aud yet tie the very latest to mature its 
fruit? Why has the fruit, of the St. Germain pear, 
which fifty years ago in this locality was fair and 
fine, become an outcast, while the wood and foliage 
appear fair and healthy? Why does the Van Mona 
Leon le (Here tree, whose bark is commonly so 
cracked and cankerous as to eat info the very heart 
of the wood, frequently produce large and beautiful 
fruit? Why, in this favored your, should some of 
the Doyenne Bluno trees produce fair ami fine fruit, 
while on others by their Hide it i* blasted and worth- 
less? Why should the same tree, bearing two sorts, 
produce on the one branch these large, lair, and 
ruddy specimens, [Oswego Incomparable, | and on 
the other those which are spotted, craciuid, ami 
blasted, like that in my hand, | Summer Bon Chre¬ 
tien.] rmd yet the tree, in all its parts, be equally 
vigorous aud healthy ? Why should the Beurre ci’ 
Aremberg pear, formerly so good in this region, but 
for mauy years inferior in Irnit, and even diseased 
in its wood, the present year resume its pristine ex¬ 
cellence? Those are indeed mysteries which we do 
not at present comprehend; yet, far from abating, 
they should actually increase our ardor in the pur¬ 
suit of knowledge. 
How obvious, then, is it, (hat he who would be¬ 
come an eminent pornologist. must be a diligent 
(Undent ol nature, and carefully observe the facts 
which she brings to hi- observation. With pencil 
and book at hand, he should note the thousand li tie 
things which arrest bis attention m his daily labors, 
arid make them subjects of future reflection ami 
study. At first they may appear of trifling conse¬ 
quence, yet in this way they may lead to tLm most 
important discoveries in respect to the hitherto enu- 
cealed processes of vegetation. 11 all would unite 
in this work, and steadily pursue it for a course of 
years, recording such meteorological aurl other facta 
as they are able to make, together will) personal 
observations as to their influence upon vegetation 
we might soon learn therefrom the most salutary 
and practical lessons. 
Thinning of Fruits —One lessou which expe¬ 
rience has taught us, is the importance of thinning 
the fruit, especially ol' apples aud pears. This 
branch of Pomology has received comparatively 
but little attention. There is a limit to the capabili¬ 
ties of all created things. If you tax the energies of 
an animal too severely for a long time, the result 
will be premature age and decay. Subject any veg¬ 
etable or mineral substance to loo great, a pressure 
14(1/1 (-/III lll.Cri-iKT ilu Titlll.'lir Ilf A, ,Vl w.. : /' .. ' 
The organism which carries on healthful develop¬ 
ment, in or der to repeat its cycle of functions from 
year to year, cannot, be overworked without time 
lor recuperation. Whatever of nutrition goes to the 
support of useless brunches, or a redundancy of 
fruit, abstracts that strength from Hie tree which 
would otherwise lie appropriated to the perfection 
id lin' crop, and tho development of the spurs which 
would bear frnlttbe next year. One of the best cul¬ 
tivators in the vicinity of Rost,on lias reduced this 
theory to practice, with the happiest effect, in the 
cultivation of the pear His system allows no use¬ 
less wood, nor more fruit, spurs, aud no more fruit, 
than the tree can properly sustain. As a conse¬ 
quence, he produces every year superior fruit, 
which commands the highest price. Some have 
doubled whether this practice can be made remu- 
riera'ivo, except in its application to the liner fruits. 
But another cultivator, who raises an annual crop of 
the best apples, assures us that the secret of his suc¬ 
cess is the thinning ot'the fruit, and he has no doubt 
of the economy of the practice. No good farmer 
doubt!} llm necessity of thinning his root crops no 
Virjvemn the propriety of thinning his grapes 
Analogy ol Cultivation, therefore, justifies the prac¬ 
tice, and I entertain no question of its great im¬ 
portance. 
Bight, air, and moisture, are essential to the pro¬ 
duction _ of vegetable products, and especially of 
fine fruits. Who has not, observed that the‘best 
PRUNING AND TRAINING TUB GRAPE 
Fn our last issue we gave an article, from Pius’s 
Orape Culture, on the management of young vines, 
and we now copy a portion of the chapter on the 
“Management of Fruiting Vines”: 
“At the close of the third season we ought to 
have a vine such as is shown in Fig. 1, consisting 
of a stout, straight, clean stem, 0 to 14 inches high, 
from the top or head of which spriDg two horizontal 
days and cool nights, causing diarrhoeas and dysen¬ 
teries, of every shade aud degree. One yard aud a 
hall of stout, woollen flannel, fourteen inches broad, 
worn, from August to November, tightly aud con¬ 
stantly round the abdomen, in such a way that it 
will he double in front, with bits of tape strongly 
sewed ou oue end, and about one yard Irom the 
uther, according to the size of the person, for con¬ 
venience of tying, would do more to prevent bowel- 
complaints among our brave aud sell-iicnyinft sol¬ 
diers, than all known human means beside. This 
simple device arrested, the onset of cholera, ia three 
days, in one of the largest divisions ot the Prussian 
army, when the terrible scourge last visited Europe. 
Let every family who haB a member in the array, 
lorward such an article ou the instant of reading 
this; if you can do no better, send an old worn pet¬ 
ticoat, for, by reason of its soltness and pliability, it 
Is better than any thing else. Lot every mother 
who leads Ibis, and who may have no son or other 
relative bravely buttling lor the perpetuity of the 
Union, send one abdominal bandage, to be given to 
some worthy soldier who has no mother, no sister, 
no wife, to exercise these kindly cares for him. 
And let the generous rich, of whom there are so 
many among us, be assured that it is impossible to 
spend an equal amount of money as efficiently in 
any other way. One man who ha3 beeu in the 
army twelve months is worth now two raw recruits; 
hence one dollar’s worth of good woollen flannel, 
for one of them, or even an old petticoat, by keep¬ 
ing snch a soldier healthy iu the field, will be worth 
more than fifty dollars for the two recruits, under 
the present exigencies of the case. 
Winter is coming; let the sisters and mothers of 
the soldiers begin to knit two or three pairs of thick, 
woollen socks, to be forwarded to eneb son and bro¬ 
ther as soon as possible; let the toes and heels be 
double-knitted, or sheated with the bine cloth of 
some worn-out coat, or pantaloons, cautioning the 
soldier to keep the toe-nails closely trimmed, so as 
lo prevent the gutting of the socks. 
Begin at, once, and put up in quart tin cans, to be 
forwarded at, intervals, (for if sent in large quanti¬ 
ties at a time, they will be wasted or too lavishly 
used,) pickled cucumbers and cabbage. Onions 
are represented by physiologists to be among the 
most, wholesome and nutritions of all the vegetable 
products, besides their immediately invigorating 
and enlivening effects. If a gallon of onions could 
be sent to each soldier, once a month, in addition to 
a quart of pickled cucumbers or cabbage, scurvy, 
already beginning to manifest iteelt', would be un¬ 
known. And if it could be felt how grateful a 
quart, tin can of preserved berries, tomatoes, or 
fruits, would be to a soldier who does not see such 
things, preserved or fresh, sometimes tor months 
together, their sisters, and mothers, and cousins, 
arms, each bearing two well ripened canes 8 to 10 
feet long, and two smaller shoots of from 2 to 5 feet 
The two canes ought next, season to produce 3 to 5 
lbs. of fruit each, and their proper care during the 
winter is worthy of our best efforts. 
“Winter Protection op tub Fruiting Canes 
— As the vines have now assumed their permanent 
form and size, (unless it should be deemed advisa¬ 
ble, after the lapse of a few years, to remove each 
alternate vine, and so double the extent of trellis 
allotted to the remainder,) it becomes important to 
settle upon a systematic course of procedure, in 
order to facilitate our operations; and this remark 
applies to their protection during winter as well as 
to every other process connected with them. Of 
the advantage — we had almost said necessity—of 
winter protection there oan be no doubt Some ex¬ 
tensive cultivators, at, a late meeting of the Western 
N. Y. Fruit Growers’Society, stated that they would 
have made $100 per day for the time spent in cover¬ 
ing their vines, if they had done so in the fall of 1868. 
“One gentleman asserted that he had lost thou¬ 
sands of dollars by neglecting it; and there is prob¬ 
ably no point in the whole range of grape growing 
upon which cultivators are so thoroughly agreed as 
this. The mere laying down the vines on the 
ground, covering them with snow, laying boards or 
brush upon or against them, have all beeu found 
materially to increase the next year’s product, and 
to improve its quality. But these are clumsy expe¬ 
dients, incapable of systematic application, and unfit 
for adoption on a large scale. 
“Where vines are trained to trellises in the man¬ 
ner which we have just described, it has been assert- 
ed by many that it is impossible to lay down the 
horizontal arms so as to cover them, owing to the 
rigidity of the old wood; and in order to avoid this, 
it has been proposed to leave the head of the vine so 
low down that the arms shall lie on tho surface and 
he always covered with earth. To this method 
there are many objections. The berries are soiled 
with every rain, clean culture is rendered more diffi¬ 
cult, and the surface roots thrown out by the arms 
cause a succulent growth during moist weather, 
which suffers during the succeeding drouth. But if 
the vines are bent down every year, little difficulty 
need be. apprehended on this score; and it the 
following plan be adopted, 
vines may be bent suffi- ju 
ciently, even when they j 
have becomo old and rigid. ] 
“ The melhod which we 
have proposed, is to place 
the trellis 8 to 12 inches in I 
advance of tho vine, the K 
stem being brought for¬ 
ward beneath the first slat 
or rail, and tied up a3 w 
usual. Tho accompany¬ 
ing figure (2) explains i 
this better thau words can K 
express it, and it will be 
readily seen that very lit- 
tie bending is required, 
and even that is so distrib- . 
uted over tho whole stem 
that no injury can result. No practical objections, 
that we are aware of, exist to this method. 
“Before bending down the stem, the vine should 
be pruned. This consists In cutting off the long 
shoots to a length ot four feet, (the first season,) and 
the alternate short ones to the lowest good bud. The 
vine so pruned is shown in Fig. 3. Then the stem 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
The recent meeting of the American Pomological 
Society, at Boston, was one of the most successful 
ever held by the Association. The display of fruits 
was exceedingly fine, the examination ol which 
would well repay a trip to Boston, as we are in¬ 
formed by many gentlemen in this section who were 
present. The list of officers we published last week, 
lion. Maksiiaj.i. P. W'ti.nmt was again re-elected 
President, an office which he has filled for so many 
years with great honor to himself and manifest ad¬ 
vantage to the Society. His addresses at, the meet¬ 
ings of this Association are tho most important and 
interesting documents upon the subject of fruit cul¬ 
ture which it is our privilege to peruse, either from 
American or European sources. They always pre¬ 
sent, the progress and present position of fruit cul¬ 
ture, and are richly laden with wise counsels and 
far-reaching hints, that indicate the direction for 
true horticultural progress. We present our rend¬ 
ers with extracts from the address recently delivered 
by Mr. Wilder before the American Pomological 
Society: 
Revulsion of 18C.0, ’CL —The consumption of 
fruits has become so common as to constitute one of 
the most important articles of daily food. The loss 
of a crop is now deemed as a great public calamity 
its abundance, as one of the greatest blessings, a d*d- 
ing immeasurably to social health and com tort, and 
to the wealth and commerce of the country. ’ 
It becomes, therefore, my duty to record in the 
Volumes ot our Transactions a remarkable fact 
which has occurred since our last session namely' 
the general failure of the fruit crop for the year Jj-gV 
In history, this, as a great national calamity, will bo 
associated with the civil commotion that at'lhe same 
time convulsed the whole land. What causes, if any 
may have produced this remarkable coincidence be¬ 
tween the vegetable and the civil kingdoms, we mav 
not be able to discover. Manifestly “lime was out of 
joint;” both heaven and earth seemed to frown iin un 
our happy land. In regard to our fruity, a kind 
Providence has brought about a renovation and res¬ 
toration, which makes the present year as remarka¬ 
ble for excellence ami abundance as the former year 
was lor the injury and lose ol the crop. Oil 1 that 
this golden harvest in the natural kingdom may 
prove the harbinger of a more glorious one of peace 
and prosperity to our bleeding country. 
The causes of the singular phenomena, and the 
loss of the fruit crop of 18(51. have been variously 
described. Disasters of similar character, though 
not generally so severe, have occurred in the vege¬ 
table world in past, lime, and in diffluent locations 
and latitudes. Cycles ot favorable and unfavorable 
— seasons have checkered the 
_, history of Pomology, and 
-'-" occasional mutation 
almost as certain as success 
It is well, therefore, to note 
- -—. caietully the facts contiect- 
Piokled Cucumbers. — Wash your cucumbers 
very clean; make pickle of salt and water suffi¬ 
ciently strong to float an egg, and pour it over 
them. Put a weight on the top of the vessel to keep 
the cucumbers under the brine, and let them stand 
nine days; then take them out and wash them in 
fresh water. Line the bottom of the kettle with 
green cabbage leaves, put in your pickles, and as 
much vinegar and water mixed in equal quantities, 
as will cover them. Put a layer of cabbage leaves 
ou the top. Hang them over a slow lire; let the 
water get hot, but do not allow them to simmer, as 
that would soften them. When they are perfectly 
green, take them out and let them drain. Wipe 
them dry, put them in jars with allspice, cloves, and 
a few small onions, or garlic. A piece of alum in 
each jar will keep them firm. Cover your pickles 
with the best cider-vinegar —tie them close and 
keep them In a cool, dry place. By adding one ta¬ 
blespoonful of sugar, it will be found a great im¬ 
provement.— Selected, 
HINTS FOR OCTOBER, 
Ripe Cucumber Pickles,— Having noticed an 
inquiry iu the Rural lor a recipe for making ripe 
encumber pickles, 1 now send you mine, which I 
call good:—First pare and clean the cucumbers, 
then cut in pieces suitable for the table. For two 
gallons of cucumbers use 1.1 gallons of vinegar, 1 
pound of sugar, 1 teacup of nnground spices,—cin¬ 
namon, cloves and pepper. Simmerwell two hours, 
or until tender. To be cooked in tin. —Mrs. M. M. 
Aoan, White Creek , N. Pi, 1862. 
is done at the proper time aud in the proper man¬ 
ner. Fortunately, in this country, our October 
weather is delightful - dry, cool, and bright, gener¬ 
ally, aud therefore eminently favorable for the rapid 
and proper execution ol all out-door work. 
Transplanting of all hardy trees, shrubs, and 
plants usually begins here in the north about the 
first of October; further south, it must be deferred 
later. It is by no means necessary to wait until the 
leaves have fallen. If growth has fairly ceased, and 
the wood has become firm, trees may be removed; 
the leaves must be taken off to prevent shriveling, 
and the roots must be carefully guarded against 
exposure until they are again placed in Ihe ground. 
Autumn planted trees should by all means be se¬ 
cured against, the winds, either by staking or bank¬ 
ing up, and they should be well mulched besides. 
Neglected orchards should now be renovated by 
manuring and plowing, or spading about tbe roots. 
This should never be deferred till spring, because 
during the winter and spring the sod decays and the 
manure dissolves, and abuudant food is thus pre¬ 
pared for the trees next season. 
Kitchen and garden crops for winter and spring 
use require nice management to keep them in a 
proper condition. Such as are taken up and placed 
in the root-cellar should be handled when dry, and 
the cellur should be clean and sweet, and perfectly 
free from moisture both above aud below; it should 
also be kept tool as possible, but not admit frost. 
Such of the bedding plants as it is desired to save 
for another season, should be carefully lifted early, 
and either potted or plauled closely in boxes, and 
placed where they will have light,, and not freeze. 
Many of the bedding plants, if taken up carefully, 
in good season, may add materially to the beauty of 
tho green-house through November. Many of the 
late-tlowering annuals are useful iu this way. 
IFardy bulbous roots should be planted immedi¬ 
ately, yet it can be done any time before the ground 
freezes. There are certain things that vegetate early 
in spring, and should therefore always be planted in 
tho fall, such as gooseberries, currants, rhubarb, and 
all hardy Spring-flowering shrubs and hardy herba¬ 
ceous plants. A good bloom next spring may be 
secured by planting now, but will be lost if the 
planting be deferred till spring.— B. Barry, 
A Cheap and Pretty Ornament. — Procure 
fungi from old logs, (maple produces the best;) 
sketch landscapes on them with a darning needle, 
using the point and head, as you wish fine or coarse 
lines. If they should become bruised a little when 
gathering, form the bruises into trees, <fcc» If they 
have little knots on them, they make nieo islands, 
rocks, or, if high, place rays around it for a sun. 
When finished, dry before tho window in the sun. 
The time to use them is August and September. 
They are pretty, and cost nothing. Try one.—L. 
R. L,, Lamberton, 1802. 
.. >. • 11 lUt'Ul 
-.- tor future guidance ami in¬ 
struction. Especially, in a 
National Association like 
_,__ 0l,r own, should these be 
recorded, for the benefit of 
generations which are to 
follow ua Thus shall we 
-- treasure up lessons of ibe 
past, and gain wisdom for 
the future. 
Vicissitudes attend the 
cultivation ol trees as well 
? (Miter v'egetohle products, 
tiou (he fact, that so general 
was ihe injury throughout 
., , a large part at our country, 
there was but little fruit in the year 1861, The pre¬ 
vious autumn had been marked with an early and 
very severe frost. On the morning 0 f Oct, 1 istiff 
the mercury fell, in tbe vicinity of Boston, to 24'- 
rarenheif, causing the apples and other fruits to 
freeze on the trees, and, in some instances, to burst 
open. This was the most severe of any ou record 
so early In the autumn. Again, on tho morning of 
heb. 8, 1861, the mercury fell, in several nlaces 
around Boston, to 25 below zero, a degree never 
before recorded at this season. The previous day 
had been rnild and pleasant. Again, early in the 
month ot March, the fluctuations of the mercury 
were equally astonishing. The .‘id day was warm 
Washing Woolens.— If you do not wish to have 
white woolens shrink when washed, make a good 
suds of hard soap, and wash the flannels in it. Do 
not rub woolens like cotton cloth, but simply 
squeeze them between tho hands, or slightly pound 
them with a clothes pounder. The suds used should 
be strong, and the woolens should be rinsed in 
warm water. By rubbing flannels on a board and 
rinsing them in cold water, they soon become very 
thick. 
Fig. 3. 
having been bent down, it will be easy to fold the 
flexible young canes so as to lie compactly together, 
as shown in Frig. 4, when they may be covered with 
Apple Jelly. —Pour into a stewpan a quart of 
cold water; throw into it, as quickly as they cun be 
pealed, cored and weighed, four pounds of good 
boiling apples of line flavor—Codlings are tho best; 
stew them till the fruit is well broken; strain 
through a jelly-bag; to every quart of this juice 
allow one pound and a hall of sugar. This makes 
a beautiful jelly to preserve other fruits in. 
To Take out Fruit Spots.—L et the spotted 
part of the cloth imbibe a little water, without dip¬ 
ping, and hold the part over a lighted common 
brimstone match at a proper distance. The sul¬ 
phurous gas which is discharged soon causes the 
spot to disappear. 
Fig. 4. 
earth. The soil for this purpose must be light and 
sandy, and should he so disposed that water will 
not penetrate to the vines. If light soil can not be 
