fruits. 
PROFESSIONAL, LIST. 
Applks — Rest 40 vftrirtie*. and best specimens correctly 
named, at least 3 of eacli. W R Smith, Syracuse, f 15 ; 2d, 
Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester 10. 
Best 20 varieties grown and correctly named, U. E. Hooker 
& Co., Rochester, $10; 2d. K W Sylvester. Lyons, 5 
Best 12 varielien correctly named.. 0 of each, A. Braman, 
Ithaca. $5; 2d. J. Donnellan Sc. Co., Rochester, 3. 
PEAKS.— Best 20 varieties, anti best, specimens correctly 
named. 3 of each, EUwangcr & Barrv. $15 ; 2d, U. E. Booker 
& Co.. 10. 
Best In varieties, best specimens, correctly named, C. J. 
Ryan St Co.. $10 ; 2d. W B South. 5. 
Best 10 varieties, best specinteos, 6 of each, correctly named, 
same, $8; 2d, J. M. Matrison, Jacksonville, 4. 
Best 6 varieties, best specimens, W. B. Smith, $6; 2d, J. M. 
M ttRisen, 3. 
Pkaciirs —Best 12 varieties, best specimens, J. Donnellan 
Sc Co. 2d. 0. J Ryan & Co , 3 
Best 6 varieties, 6 of each, correctly named, same, 54; 2d, 
J. Dvimellan & Co , 2. 
Best 1 variety, 12 specimens, same. $2. 
Plums.—B est 12 varieties, and best grown specimens, cor¬ 
rectly named, 6 of each, Eihvangcr & Barry, Plate, valne 55 ; 
2d. W. B. Smith, 3 
Best d varieties. 6 of each, same, $3. , 
Best 1 variety, 12 specimens, same, $2. 
Qutxcxs.- Beet dozen Apple or Orange, Ell wanner & Barry, 
$3 ; 2d, W. B Smith, 2. 
Graphs—G reatest number of good Native varieties, 3 
bunches each, Pleasant Valley Wine Co., llammoudsport, 
Steuben Co.. 55; 2d, C. L. Hoag, Loekporf. 3. 
Bestl variety, fl hunches, Pleasant Valley Wine Co.. $2. 
Greatest number of varieties, and best specimen Foreign 
Grapes grown under glass, 2 bunches of each, Ellwanger & 
Barry. $6. 
Best 1 variety, 3 bunches same, 52; 2d, Pleasant Valley 
Wine Co., 1. 
MuSRuklons. — Greatest number of varieties, and best 
specimens, J. Donnellan & Co , $5. 
Best specimen any variety, same, $1. 
Dischktionary.—B est single variety of Apple, “King of 
Tompkins Co J£. C. Frost, Schuyler Co.. Downing. 
Seedling Grape, A. V Baker, Savannah Depot, Carpenter’s 
Mottled Seedling, Thomas. 
Adirondack Grape, Superior Seedling, J. W. Bailey, Platts¬ 
burgh, Downing. 
AMATEUR LIST. 
A rcLaa —Best 20 good varieties, and best specimens cor 
roclly named, at least 3 of each, R C. Brown, Rochester, 512, 
2d, D. C llillerman. Watkins, Schuyler Co , 8. 
Best 15 varieties heat grown and correctly named, A. Wild¬ 
er. Charlotte, $10; 2d, R 0. Brown, 6. 
Best 10 varieties, correctly named, (t of each, J. Charlton 
gardener to Jos. Hall, East Brighton, $6; 2d, U. C. Brown, 3. 
Tuans — Boat 15 good varieties, and best rpt-cimens correct¬ 
ly named, 3 of each. Edward D»ggs. Rochester, $12; 2d, Jas. 
Grail* gardener U) Joseph Harris, Brighton, 8. 
Best 10 varieties, best specimens correctly named, J. S. 
Clark, Greece 310; 2d, J. Charlton, f*. 
Best 0 varieties, best specimens, 6 of each correctly named. 
Philander Bennett, Rochester, $3; 2d, Airs. 11 Lamb, Fulton, 
Oswego Cu, $4. 
Pkacii kh. — Best 10 varieties, 6 of each, correctly named, P. 
Odell, Wolcott, Wayne Co., $4; 2d, J. 8. Clark, 2. 
Pi.r«s.—Best t) varieties, Oof each, 14. C. Death, gardener 
to D. \V. Powers, Rochester, $3. 
Best 1 variety, 12 specimens, G. W. Lawrence, Oswego, $2. 
QniNCK?.— Best dozen Apple or Orange, U. G. Warner 
Rochester. $3; 2d, U. 0. lleath, 2. 
Cracks.—G reatest number of good Native varieties, best 
grown specimens, 8 bunches each, A. S. Moss, Fredonia, 55 
2d. James Cratb, 3. ’ 
Best 1 variety, 8 bunches, James Craih, $2. 
Greatest number of varieties, and best specimen Foreign 
Grapes, grown under glass. 2 bunches each, P. W. Furbea 
Syracuse, $ti, 2d, James Craib 3. 
Best 1 variety, 3 bunches, Gideon Granger, Canandaigua, $3. 
Watkrmei.oxs.—B est specimen any variety, Albert Brede, 
Ridgivay, Orleans Co,, 51. 
M (TSK.it K lons. Best specimen, any variety, Norman Culver 
Newark, Wayne Co., $1. 
FLOWER8. 
PROFESSIONL LIST. 
Cur Flowers.—F or the best display, Ellwanger & Barrv 
Rochester, $10; 2d, J Donnellan Sc Co , Rochester, S Medal 
Dahlias. — Rest Collection, W. B. Smith Syracuse, $d; 2d, 
O. J. Ryan & Co, Rochester, $3. ' ’ 
Best 24 dissimilar blooms (with names,) W. B. Smith Jy 
2d, Ellwanger & Barry, 3. ’ ’ 
Best 12 dissimilar bioonis, W. B. Smith, $3; 2d, J. Donnel 
lao & Co , 1. 
Best American Seedling, not before exhibited, W. B. Smith, 
51. 
Rosks -For the greatest number of newest and best varie¬ 
ties, Ellwanger & Barry, $8, 2d, Frost & Co , Rochester, 8 
For the newest and best 24 distinct varieties, (with names ) 
Ellwanger St Barry, $5; 2d, John Davis, Hhaeu, 3. 
For ttic now t-M. and best 12 varieties. FrostCo . $3- 2d 
W. B. Smith, 1. ’ ’ ! 
Phloxes. - For the greatest number, newest and best varie 
ties, Ellwanger .V, Barrv. $6; 2d. W B Smith 3. 
For the best 12 varieties, (with names,; W B Smith, $3. 
For the best new seedling, not before exhibited, Ellwanger 
St Barry, $1, ° 
Carnation*, for the best display, Monthly Carnations, 
Ellwanger St Barry, 53. ’ 
VicuRHjtAfl For the greatest number of newest and best 
varieties, Eliwanger St Barry, $5; 2d, John Davis. 3. 
Newest, and heat 12 varieties, (with names.) Ellwanger Sc 
Barry, $3; 2 d, J Oonuellan & Co , 1. 
Rest, collection. 3 varu.-iies of American Seedlings, not before 
exhibited, Ellwanger & Barry, 1. 
German Abtkjih. — Best collection, J. Donnellan & Co. 83- 
2d, Ellwanger & Barry, 1. ’ ’ 
PaNBik 8. — Bust collection, W. B. Smith, |3; 2d, J. Donnel 
lao St Co., 1. 
Tioi Wkkks Stocks.—W est collection, John Davis, S3- 2d 
W. B. Smith, I. ’ * ’ 
AMATEUR LIST. 
Cut Fi.owRita.— For the best display, Mrs. J. T Van Namee 
Pitts town. Rensselaer Co., 510; 2d, Jas. Vick, Rochester’ 
Crw/Miil nrpmiiitn Ft 
and flowers, while (hat of the other is to produce 
good healthy plants and trees. We have not space 
for a general notice of this department, and pro 
miunis awarded will be found in another column. 
The Pot Plants were not numerous, but all excel¬ 
lent. and so arranged as not only to show each plant 
to good advantage, but to produce a line effect in the 
hall. Ellwanger & Barry exhibited a case of rare 
and exceedingly beautiful ornamental leaf plants, 
that elicited universal praise, and John Charlton 
presented the largest, finest Bigonia Hex we have 
ever seen. Frost <4 Co., C. J. Ryan & Co., and 
William King, also exhibited well-grown plants. 
VEGETABLES. 
The vegetable department, as usual at onr State 
State Fairs, was quite discreditable. This depart¬ 
ment is too much neglected. We hope to see an 
improvement in this respect another year. 
Li ivi-u imnveeri me contents of the cells and those 
of the jeeding-box-they had the same color, the 
same taste, and the same smell. 
h. If honey or the nectar of flowers remain in the 
cells, it will in process ol time undergo a change. 
L?ut this change is produced spontaneously, and not 
by the intervention of the bees, except merely so 
far as the internal heat of the hive may tend to 
accelerate it. It results, first, from the gradual 
evaporation of the aqueous particles coutained in 
the nectar or fresh honey, till a certain degree of 
consisteuce is attained; secondly, from the still m0 re 
gradual dissipation and loss of its agreeable aro¬ 
ma; and, thirdly, from the ultimate conversion of 
the more saccharine cane sugar, which constitutes 
an ingredient of the nectar of flowers, into the more 
insipid grape sugar—a change which all honey 
undergoes with the lapse of time. DonuoffI 
HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. 
Whatever may be said of other departments of 
onr State Fair, which has just closed, we believe it. 
is acknowledged by all that the Horticultural De¬ 
partment was never equalled by anything of the 
kind in this State, and we judge never excelled by 
any similar exhibition on this side of the Atlantic. 
arrangement. 
As the entire arrangement was left to the Horti¬ 
cultural editor nl the Rural, we will say but little 
on this point, further than that it was such as to 
meet the approbation of the officers of the Society, 
and the admiration of the visitors. The time 
allowed us for its preparation was very short, and, 
as a consequence, in some things we failed to do all 
we desired. The collections were not as well 
arranged a3 they should have been for the conve¬ 
nience of examining committees, and as an excuse 
in part for this state of things, we will state that 
very many exhibitors did not have their fruit on 
hand and ready for exhibition until Wednesday, 
and even some came as late as Thursday and 
claimed space for the exhibition of fruit. This 
state of things inteifered with onr arrangements, 
and caused some irregularity and consequent incon¬ 
venience to the judges. 
The fruits and flowers were exhibited in a fine 
oval tent, 85 feet in width by 110 in length, About 
twenty feet at one end was left for entrance and 
exit, and from this a table four and a half feet in 
width extended entirely around, making some 300 
feet in length, containing about 1400 square feet, 
and this was devoted to fruit entirely. Fifteen feet 
inside of this waB another table of the same width, 
forming an oval, designed for flowers. This table 
was covered with moist, sand lour inches deep, and 
over this was placed sheets ol' moss, covering the 
whole surface. In this was placed cut flowers, so 
that there was no necessity for vials, which are con¬ 
stantly falling over, and are always a great, annoy¬ 
ance. Plants will keep well in sand and moss any 
reasonable time, and a slight sprinkling may be 
given if the weather should prove dry and warm. 
As guards around these tables a neat rustic fence 
was made of white cedar poles, with necessary 
gates for exhibitors, &c. This left a space in the 
center about forty by sixty feet, in which were the 
two masts or poles that sustained the top of the 
tent.. These masts were covered with bark, so as to 
give them the appearance of trees, and pots of 
climbing planta in flower suuk at the base, while 
their branches extended nearly to the top. At the 
base of these poles octagon stands were made for 
the display of pot plants, covered with moss, and 
when tilled with plants, produced a very fine effect. 
In the center of the oval was a large bed of Carinas 
and Gdadiums, and nothing in the whole exhibition 
was more admired tlmu the spleudid foliage of 
these plants. This bed was raised something like a 
fort, and surrounded with moss-covered rooks se¬ 
lected from the river hank. Scattered around were 
a few fine plants, such as tho Sago, Palm, Century 
Plant, Euphorbia, Ac., the pots aud boxes concealed 
by rocks and moss. The turf was short and of 
good color, and the whole appearance was that of a 
fine lawn. For the use of plants for the purpose, 
we are greatly indebted to Kllwanger <4 Barry, 
Frost <fc Co., C. J. Ryan it Co., and Win. King, nur¬ 
serymen, and for valuable aid to Win. Webster, 
James Craib, John Charlton and U. C. Heath, prac¬ 
tical gardeners of this city. Our object was to make 
such an arrangement of fruits and flowers as would 
be convenient for exhibitors and judges, bring eve¬ 
rything under the eye of spectators, prevent unne¬ 
cessary crowding, and at the same time show some 
little regard to good taste. We cannot claim to 
have been successful iu all these points, but were far 
more so in satisfying our friends, the officers of the 
Society, Ac., than in meeting our own ideas of what 
a horticultural exhibition should be in the garden 
of the world. 
FLOWERS. 
The time was too late and otherwise unfavorable 
for a large exhibition of flowers, yet in the profes¬ 
sional department the display was very fine. Over 
two hundred varieties of roses, shown by one estab¬ 
lishment, at this season of' the year, is a matter 
worthy of especial note, and while others exhibited 
a less number, still very large collections show that 
the rose still retains its place ns the Queen of Flow¬ 
ers. We will name the principal exhibitors in this 
department Ellwanger it Barry, who occupied 
one-fourth of the space devoted to flowers, and 
received the first premium for the best display of 
brotfn or black crust-like substance_the dried 
remains of larvae or nymphs—it maybe regarded 
as the unmistakable evidence of the existence of 
fuulbrood. If the larger number of cells are in this 
condition, this disease must have prevailed in the 
hive for sometime aud have attained an aggravated 
stage. A disagreeable Fetid odor issues from the 
entrance to the hive, where this is the case. 
Colonies alfected with this disease do not. build 
new comb in the spring, when other colouies areen- 
gaged in such labor, or do so only if they are popu¬ 
lous and pasturage is abundant. It the combs be 
pressed asunder we shall see that the brood is not 
placed regularly and uniformly; and on cutting out 
a piece ol such comb, ocular proof of the existence 
of the disease will be found in the putrid matter 
contained in the cells. 
IT is CONTAGIOUS. 
Herein lies its danger; therefore this caution. 
And I give this caution regardless of the interest of 
any one who may have long-bitted, or any other 
kind of bees to sell, and whose apairy may have 
been, or may be affected by this disease; or who 
may be near an apairy that is or has been affected. 
This caution is given with especial reference to such 
cases. For all these men know that this disease is 
coniagiou8 — that it spreads from hive to hive and 
from apiary to apiary; that, once having a foothold, 
it retains it and extends its influence, if effectual 
measures are not promptly taken to eradicate it. 
The brood is not only destroyed by this disease, but 
the cells are contaminated and the contagion spreads 
rapidly thereafter. This disease is known to exist 
iu the Eastern States — is known to have destroyed 
many large aud profitable apiaries—Is known to 
have increased the risk to, and diminished the num¬ 
ber of those engaged iu bee-keeping. In some local¬ 
ities this husbandry has been abandoned because of 
this disease. 
The point is, then, that the bee-keepers of the 
West arc in danger of importing it with their im¬ 
portations of Italian bee. For it. is well known that 
these bees, with formidable bills, coutinue to be 
sent hither in large numbers, at the rate of five to 
eight, dollars per queen. Aud with each shipment 
is usually more or less honey; and with the honey, 
if it-happens to he from infected colouies, comes this 
foul brood as sure as fate. Is it not, a pretty large 
risk? When it is asserted that tho bee-keeper may 
convey it from hive to hive, II slier performing some 
operation on a diseased stock ho proceeds to work 
at a healthy one, without first carefully Washing his 
bauds and such instrument as ho may have been 
using, it is sale to distrust whatever comes liom 
apiaries that have been affected with this disease. 
It is proper for me to say, that I <lo not write this 
caution for Ibe purpose of injuring anybody’s busi¬ 
ness, nor with a view to build up any man or class 
ot men dealing in the long-billed bees referred to; 
but simply to urge that the most rigid care be taken 
to prevent the introduction of this disease among 
the apiaries of the West, Bee-culture has become 
too large an interest here to allow it to be ship¬ 
wrecked by the carelessness or recklessness of any 
man or body ol men. The revenue it brings to 
Western husbandmen is annually increasing. Let 
it, be guarded in this, respect. 
We pray our Eastern brethren to lie careful what 
they send in response to orders; and let Western men 
know that they are ordering where they will get 
only what they want. 
UOW TO OliT KID OF THE DISEASE. 
Smother and bury the bees, and burn the hive 
containing the colony, and its contents, as soon as 
the disease is discovered. There are remedial meas¬ 
ures recommended to be taken; but none bo efficient 
and safe it as cheap as the above. 
An attentive correspondent has furnished us with 
the following interesting account ot the Fall Exhi¬ 
bition of the Brooklyn Horticultural Society. We 
are glad to see that this Bociety, notwithstanding 
the unfavorable nature of the times, is in a flourish¬ 
ing condition: 
The Fall Exhibition of this old and valued Society 
was held at the Academy of Music, Brooklyn, on the 
23rd, 24th and 25th, the parquet and stage being 
floored over, affording ample space, and at the same 
time one of the finest rooms in the country for a 
display of this kind. 
The collection of Plants, Fruits, Flowers, Ac., was 
the largest and most select ever seen on this side 
of the Atlantic, consisiing of all the newest and 
rarest of each kind represented, and what was more 
creditable to the Society there were no plants of au 
inferior kind brought iu to fill up with, as is usual 
at such times. We can only give au outline of 
some of the various beautilul and interesting speci¬ 
mens. 
From II. M. Bearnes, Esq., of Williamsburg!), L. 
I., was the great 1; Victoria Regia,” the “ Queen of 
Aquatics,” blooming in nil its native loveliuess and 
grandeur. A tanl< bad been prepared for it iu whieh 
it was placed in the center of the vast room, around 
which were grouped some choice plants of uu aqua¬ 
tic nature, forming a most Interesting collection. 
The plants from Mr. Bearnes, were all ibe choicest 
kinds, and showed the care and attention of his 
skillful and excellent, gardener. 
The collections from Messrs. L. Men and, of Alba¬ 
ny, Parsons of Flushing, aud Bridgeman, of New 
Y ork, were all large and select, aud the finest ever 
seen at, any of the exhibitions. Mrs, Humphries 
had some excellent plants. A collection from Prof 
Morse, of Pokeepsie, coutained some good thiugs. 
B. C. Townsend, Esq., of Bay Ridge, sent a magnif¬ 
icent collection of New Caladiums and other leaf 
plants. J. Buchanan, some Orchids in fine bloom. 
A. G. Burgess, of L. I., Dahlias aud Roses, superb. 
Dr. George N. Richardson, of Staten Island, a col¬ 
lection ol' double Ziunias of the most perfect form 
and color that have ever been seen, showing that, 
with the care and attention that the Dr. has bestow¬ 
ed on this wayward plant, it may yet take the place 
of the Dahlia, both in form and color. 
IV m. Lharlton, also of Staten Island, sent a flower 
of the ‘‘ Espiritu Santo," which attracted much at¬ 
tention. This and the Pears sent by him added 
greatly to the interest of the display. 
John Cadness, of Flushing, exhibited a dozen pots 
of Grape vines and Pear trees in fruit, having as 
heavy crops as if planted out. This to many'will 
prove of great advantage, as they can with but lit¬ 
tle care grow fruit in this way in the greatest per¬ 
fection. 
A collection ot the Plants of Commerce, such as 
Tea, Coffee, Cinnamon, Banana, Pepper, &c., from 
the Secretary, C. B. Miller, No. 634, Broadway, N, 
Y., was a source of curiosity to most of the visitors. 
This class of plants should be more grown, and 
made familiar to our minds bv beinsr seen more 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:—In a late Rural, I 
noticed an inquiry about mixing Oriental Paints, 
and as I have been painting for some time, perhaps 
l may give the desired information. 
With three or four colors you can make quite a 
nice picture, for a beginner. Get, at a paint or drug 
store the tube paints, to commence a picture; take 
a little lamp-black and mix with copal varnish, to 
make a semi-transparent color, thinning it a little 
with turpentine, if necessary, and with a crow-quill 
brush, (get one where they keep the paints.) trace 
every mary mat k on the glass that is on your draw- 
(by placing the glass upon the drawing, and 
painting the mar s upon the glass.) This being 
done, mix lamp-black with copal varnish; paint all 
ot the glass except the part you intend to paint 
with transparent, colors. If a little black gets on 
that part, it must be carefully removed bolero paint¬ 
ing the picture. Go over the black, if necessary, 
two or three times, or until it is a solid black. To 
make scarlet flowers, coat over once or twice with 
yellow lake, then with crimson lake, according to 
tjie shade desired; yellow, by painting with yellow 
lake, and for tho dark shuding, add a little burnt 
sienna with yellow lake. For blue, use light blue; 
for deep shade, add a little Prussian blue; for pur¬ 
ple flowers, purple made of crimson lake aud Prus¬ 
sian blue, according to shade required. A very 
delicate purple is made by mixing rose pink and a 
liltle light blue. For pink roses and geraniums, 
use rose pink; for deeper shade, a little crimson 
lake. If you wish white, use a little Vandyke brown 
and a little blue, diluted with white varnish, to suit 
the lint required. Stamens of flowers, with van- 
dyke brown; anthers, with yellow lake, dotted with 
burnt.sienna. Fur green leaves, mix yellow lake 
and Prussian blue; if necessary, thin with a little 
white varnish. For autumnal greens, add a little 
burnt sienna. The deep shades paint two or three 
times over; also parts against flowers where the 
leaf goes under. Be very careful not to allow the 
colors to run togother. Soften all of the paints 
with white varnish. If anythin'! more is wanted. T 
enough to mix it. It the rennet is good it will take 
in one hour. When you are ready to serve, rasp 
some sugar over it, and drop a little orange flower- 
water over it likewise. 
Queen's Cake, —Take twelve ounces of flour, one 
pound of white sugar iu powder, and twelve eggs— 
beating the whites and yolks separately to a froth, 
one or two teaspoonfuls of coriander; mix well all 
together, till it comes to a running paste. Some 
add yeast to make it rise higher. Bake in a slow 
oven. 
To make Lemon Lozenges for the Little 
Ones.— Take one or two whites of eggs, which beat 
with some orange flower-water. Then add as much 
pulverized sugar as will make a stiff paste of it. In¬ 
troduce also the raspiugs of lemon peels. All being 
well incorporated, roll it into balls the size of a 
thimble, which range on a sheet of paper and flatten 
afterwards as you like; then put them in the oven 
to bake. These are good for the summer complaint. 
To "Whiten Cherries, Currants, Raspber¬ 
ries, Grapes, or Strawberries.— Beat one or 
two whites of eggs with orange flower-water. Then 
steep your fruit in it, aud roll ic afterwards ill lump 
sugar, pulverized very tine. Put the sugar and 
fruit in a dish and shake it well. When it is well 
covered with sugar, put. it on dean paper, and set it 
iu the sun to dry, or by the lire. You may thus ice 
all sorts of fruit. 
P. S.—A Recipe for the Care-Worn Farmer’s 
Wife.— Hang up the butter ladles, put a large stick 
of wood iu tho cook stove, shut it up air-tight, retire 
to the parlor, and read the Rural an hour. It will 
do you good in more ways than one. Try it, tired 
ones. m. 
Best 0 uiagirnilar blooms, Mrs. J. T. Vau Namee, 52- 2d 
Mrs. Henry Wler, 1. 
Rosks. — For the greatest number newest and best varieties 
Mr*. J. T. Van Namee, 8t*. ’ 
Best 12 nineties, (with names,) same, 53. 
Best 8 varieties, same, $2. 
Ca Hiv a Tina's. -For the best display Monthly Carnations, 
Mrs. J. T. Van Namee, $3. 
V SRBfc'.N'AS. —For tho greatest number, newest and best va¬ 
rieties, Mia. J. T Van Namee, 55; 2d, John Charlton, garden¬ 
er to Jo-rph Hall, Ku*t Brighton, $3. 
Best 12 distinct varieties, (with names,) same, 53; 2d, Mrs 
J. T. Van Namee, 1. 
Best ti varieties, same, 52. 
For the best seedling, nor. before exhibited, same, 51. 
Pm.oxtiS. - Greatest number newest and best varieties Mrs 
J. T. Van Namee, $5. 
Best ti varieties, with name, same, $2. 
Itiiat seedliug, not before shown, same, 51. 
Gskma.v Astkks.— Best collection, Janies Vick, $3- 2d 
Mrs. J. T. Van Names, 1. 
Fanhiks.— Best collection, Mrs. Henrv Wier. S3- 23 Mm 
Wax and Honey. 
The prevalent opinions respecting the origin 
and nature of way and honey, as expressed in many 
treatises on bee culture, and as implied in the defi- 
nition of the terms as given by the dictionaries, are 
essentially erroneous. The current impression, 
derived from these sources, is, that wax is contained 
in the honey or pollen, and is simply extracted by 
some process iu the stomach of the bee; while honey 
is supposed to be made from the nectar of flowers. 
Precisely the converse of this is the fact. 
1. Wax is a product elaborated by the bees. A 
simple experiment will suffice to demonstrate this 
conclusively. If bees be fed with a concentrated 
solution of loaf sugar and then con lined in a box, 
we shall, in the course of twenty-four hours, find 
between their abdominal rings thin scales or plates 
of wax, such as they use iu building their combs. 
Now, probably no one will undertake to maintain 
that loaf sugar contains wax. It contains only the. 
elementary ingredients of that substance, carbonic 
acid, hydrogen, and oxygen—which become sepa¬ 
rated iu tho body of the bee, and re-combined iu 
different proportions and relations, thus resulting 
in the formation of wax. 
2. It is otherwise in the case of honey. This is in 
no proper sense the product of the bees, but merely 
a substance collected by them from the boundless 
stores supplied hy nature. 
a. The matter collected by the bees undergoes no 
change before it is deposited in the cells. The nec¬ 
tar of flowers and freshly-gathered honey are, in all 
their constituents and properties, ono and the same 
substance. Both have a sweet taste and an aro¬ 
matic flavor. If we sip nectar from the calyx of the 
honeysuckle, we shall find that it has precisely the 
taste of freshly gathered honey. When I analysed 
the wax plant, ( Hoya thuya ,) which exudes in large 
drops from the calyx of the flower, I found it was 
composed of sugar, gluten, and an aromatic sub¬ 
stance—which are the constituents of common 
honey in its pure state. 
I ted a colony with a solution of sugar colored 
with indigo, soented with lavender, and diluted 
with milk. When the bees had carried this into the 
cells of a new comb, no difference could be per- 
SrtK articles should not be kept folded in white 
paper as the chloride of lime used in bleaching the 
paper will probably impair the color of the silk. 
Browu or blue paper is better; the yellowish smooth 
Indian paper is best of all. Silk intended for dress 
should not be kept long in the house before it is 
made up, as lying in the folds will have a tendency 
to impair its durability by causing it to cur, or split, 
particularly if the silk has been thickened by gum. 
Thread lace veils are very easily cut; satiu and 
velvet, being soft, are not easily cut, but dresses of 
velvet should not be laid up with any weight above 
them. If the nap of thin velvet is laid down, it is 
not possible to raise it up again. Hard silk should 
never be wrinkled, because the thread is easily 
broken in the crease, and it never can be rectified. 
The way to take the wrinkles out of silk scarfs or 
handkerchiefs is to moisten the surface evenly with 
a sponge and some weak glue, and then pin the silk 
with toilet 
A CAUTION TO WESTERN BEE-KEEPERS. 
FOULBROOD. 
Bee-keepers, and among them the most eminent, 
unite iu regarding and characterizing Foulbrood as 
the most grievous evil that atfects the apiary. It is 
doubtless the case that the most of your readers — 
especially such as keep bees, know the character of 
this dreaded disease, among bees. But there may be 
some who do not 
two kinds of foulbrood. 
Dziekzon says there are two kinds of foulbrood. 
One is curable and rafter innoxious; the other is 
pestilential and incurable. Both are contagious. 
The curable kind has this character. The unsealed 
larvae die while yet lyiug coiled on the bottom of 
the cell, become putrid, aud dry up on the bottom 
iuto a crust-like substance, which may be easily re¬ 
moved. Such of the brood in the cells intermixed 
with those diseased, as does not perish before cap¬ 
ping, for the most part remains healthy aud matures J 
pins around the selvedges on a mattress or 
feather bed, taking pains to draw out the silk as 
tight as possible. When dry the wrinkles have dis¬ 
appeared. The reason of this Is obvious to every 
person. It is a nice job to dress light colored silk, 
and few should try it. Some silk articles may be 
moistened with weak glue or gum water, and the 
wrinkles ironed out on the wrong side by a hot flat¬ 
iron. 
