On the score of economy, we believe that it p8ys 
to treat all animals kindly, and to provide them 
with suitable buildings for shelter. We know, from 
actual experience, that the cow that, has been win¬ 
tered in a warm, dry, well ventilated stable, prop¬ 
erly ted and cared for, will pay for all extra trouble 
and labor, in the increased quantity and better qual¬ 
ity of milk yielded, through the summer loll owing. 
When we hear of dairymen complaiuing that the 
annual yield of cheese per cow has fallen down to 
300 or 350 lbs., we have strong suspicions that the 
fault lies somewhere in the keeping or management 
of stock. We hold that a good stable lor stock 
should be provided with window 
but the sounds pass fir away, and no enemy invades 
or harms her territory. Providence has raised up 
compensations of tht greatest and most valuable 
kind. Not the least of these are the new arts of 
agriculture, which enable towns to grow and war to 
be carried on, without materially diminishing the 
productions of agriculture.” 
Draining — Tile Belter limn Stone. 
Thb Maine Forner thus writes and quotes on 
this subject: — Nut nany years ago, draining was 
looked upon as one o the doubtful operations of the 
farm: now it is regarced as one of the most positive. 
But a short time ago, the poiut to be considered was. 
“will it pay; - ’ now :t is “it will pay.” Tiles are 
becoming quite abundant, and they can be manu¬ 
factured wherever brick can be made. It is doubt¬ 
less a good plan to use stone for drains where tile 
are not to be easily obtained, but even on the point 
of economy, Judge French, who is good authority, 
in an article in the Nate England Farmer, regards 
tile as better than stone, first, because they are more 
permanent and reliable, and second, because they 
are cheaper. Upon this last point, he says: 
‘•Tiles are cheaper even at $15 per 1000, tbau 
stones lying on ihe field. This is a matter of calcu¬ 
lation, no< of mere opinion. The saving in tile 
draims is in the cost of excavation mainly, The 
English workmen open 4-fbot drains, with a mean, 
or average width of 1QJ inches, We will call it, 14 
inches, and the cost a third of a dollar per rod for 
digging and filling. The files at $15 per 1000, cost 
2.'. —per rod, making the cost of the drain 53^ 
prevent the head from springing or pushing the 
head out; here is your elasticity. First nail the 
head firmly and then let it spring; if propped up 
underneath as soon as taken off of the press, the 
head will bulge and let the apples loose. The fol¬ 
lower used should be plank, concave enough when 
the pressure is put on it to allow the upper head also 
There should be a half-round cleet on 
lar clamps, which completes the bracing of the 
h mey boxes. 
By removing the coupling-strap, /, and folding 
down the flexible angular hinged clamps on L. the 
honey-boxes may be removed separately; and, by 
folding the flexible angular hinged clamp to its 
former position, and replacing the coupling strap,/, 
the honey-boxes may all Vie removed at once, thus 
affording great ease and facility for reaching the 
sectional comb-frames, K: g are apertures provided 
with wire-screeDS, in, and movable covers, fur the 
admission of air and light to the graduating cham¬ 
ber, B. There are openings provided with movable 
covers for the ingress and egress of the bees; i is 
the door of the hive, provided with an opening, j, 
which is provided with a wire-screen, /». and mova¬ 
ble cover, q, that serves to admit air and light to 
the upper part of the hive; k is a glass-frame, rest¬ 
ing on the cross-piece, J, and enclosing the sectional 
comb-frame, K, and l is a glass frame resting on the 
glass frame k, and enclosing the honey-boxes, eeee. 
Thk Rural New YoiiKr.it for I'm.— Timely Amwunce, 
mend about- Club Terms, dee — Illness of several weeks dura 
ation haring rendered it impossible for us either to prepare 
and issue Prospectus. Bills, Sec , for ISfiff or answer the inarir 
inquiries received from Agents and others concerning terms 
inducements for clubbing, etc., we will state that it i g 0I , ’ 
purpose ( D. V ) to render the ensuing volume of the Rcn AI 
at least equal, m all respects, to either of its predecessors' 
We intend to devote more time- labor and 
to spring. 
the top of the follower, so as not to tarve the follower 
in pressing it down. A lad twelve or fourteen years 
old, with a lever six feet long, will give you all the 
power you want, and that should lie applied with 
judgment and gently. The follower on the lever 
being placed across the center as the pressure is ap¬ 
plied, raji with the hammer on the follower until it, 
settles to its place, and drive your hoops, and you 
will have your apples headed without bruising so as 
to injure one of them. ThoBe next to the bead will 
be flattened a little, but the wood so absorbs the 
moisture that it immediately dries up and will not 
decay. 
I have put up thousands of barrels in the above 
manner, and have sold them several years in suc¬ 
cession to Curtis & Co., of Boston. If yon have 
curiosity enough to inquire of them how they come 
to market you can then judge if there is any more 
elasticity needed. I need not add. I am not a writer 
money upon the 
uext than we have upon the present volume, and hope and 
believe it w ill be more acceptable and valuable. But we can 
not do this, or even what we have done the past year. aud 
furnish the paper at the low club rate of SI.25 The recent 
great advance in the price of paper and other material, Mld 
the high taxes to which publishers are subjected, necessitates 
change in the price of newspapers, and many of our contem¬ 
poraries have already announced an advance of 25 to 50 rants 
per annum. We had hoped to be able to offer the Rural for 
1865 at its present, low rates, hut can not vjilhout losing mon.y 
Among the taxes which we must pay, that on printing jttpgr 
alone is about $100 per month, and the advance in price n f 
the article is much more than that; in fact, we estimate that 
the same quantity of printing paper we use this y ear, will 
next year cost us (including the tax) Three Thousand Dollars 
more than ever before. Though the largest, this is but , me 
item. The tax upon advertisements is another material one 
but this we will chcertnlly endure—the only trouble is that 
advertising does not promise to be very profitable during the 
rebellion. Our subscribers will be the gainers, however, for 
the less advertising the more reading matter. 
Considering that money is plenty and cheap, while most 
kinds of produce and manufactures bring good prices, we are 
confident none of our reasonable subscribers (and of course 
all are such) will object to our dropping the SI 25 rate, and 
making $1.50 the lowest club price of the Rural for 1S63. 
Indeed, the paper will he cheaper, all things considered, than 
formerly ; and, as we are determined to do the best we can- 
giving full “value received” for every dollar paid on sub 
scription—we trust Agents and Subscribers will see the Rural 
through the war, and many years thereafter. And, as the 
season for recruiting for the Rwral BatoAnK is at hand, vve 
hope old friends and new will enter upon the campaign with 
rigor. In a few days we will be prepared to furnish Show 
Bills, Prospectuses, &c,, to all disposed to aid in maintaining 
and increasing the circulation and benefits of the Rural. 
Our inducements for efforts will be substantial and liberal. 
s, to admit sun¬ 
light; it should be dry and well ventilated, and the 
same general rules for health, applicable to persons, 
should be ever before the eye of the farmer, and 
guide him in bis treatment of stock. 
If any one doubts that sunlight has a beneficent 
influence on health and spirits, let him compare his 
feelings during a long term of cloudy, wet weather, 
and then again, when every day is pleasant with 
warm, bright sunshine. The difference, we think, 
will be observable, at least, with most persons. 
The Forces nsed in Agriculture. 
Mr. J. C. Morton, in a paper read before the 
London Society of Arts, remarks:—Agriculture is 
experiencing the truth taught in the history of all 
other manufactures—that machinery is, in the long 
run, the best friend of the laborer. This truth is 
taught even more impressively by a review of agri¬ 
culture than by the case of any single farm. Here 
are twenty-one millions of people, producers and 
consumers, living on this island (England, Scotland, 
and Wales,) as it were on a great farm, which we 
may, by the help of such statistics as we possess, 
describe as nearly 19,000,000 arable acres, and prob¬ 
ably nearly as much grass, employing as farm labor, 
in-door and out, about 950,000 men and 120,000 
women, besides about 300,000 lads and about 70,000 
girls; or, averaging them by their probable wages, 
as has been done before, let us say equal in all 
to 1.600,000 horses, of which probably 800.000 are 
strictly for farm purposes. We are annually invent¬ 
ing and manufacturing labor-saving machines at an 
extraordinary rate, and every year at least 10,000 
horses are added to the agricultural steam power of 
the country, certainly displacing both animals and 
men to some extent We have taken the flail out of 
the hand of the laborer, and the reaping hook is 
going. On many a farm he no longer walks be¬ 
tween the handles of the plow; he no longer sows 
ihe seed; be does but a portion of the hoeing and 
the harvesting; and yet, so far as to being able to 
dispense with his assistance, he is more in demand 
than ever. 
Within the past ten years, upwards of 40,000 horse 
power has been added to the forces used in agricul¬ 
ture in steam alone in Great Britain. In the har¬ 
vest of 1S59, in Great Britain, 4.000 reaping machines 
were probably at work, capable of cutting more in 
a day than 40,000 able-bodied laborers; and yet 
labor during all this period was in demand, and 
wages, instead of decreasing, advanced. 
That the services of the agricultural laborer will 
more and more require the combination of skill 
with mere force, and that a large number of well 
qualified men is being and will be needed, seerns 
plain. That horse power will be displaced by 
steam at least two-fifths, I believe; and in this 
direction there is scope enough, for many years to 
come, for all our agricultural mechanics. Further¬ 
more, it is plain that if we can take a considerable 
A FEW YVOKDS ON UNDERDRAININd 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:— Many are the arti¬ 
cles written upon drainage, and why should there 
not be on a matter of such vast importance to the 
farmer?—not only in the profits realized, but (he 
pleasures in witnessing the result of drains right¬ 
fully made. Hours have I stood at the mouth of an 
underdrain and seen the wafer flow out of it—spec¬ 
ulating upon the time that land would have remain¬ 
ed wet but for it And as water seeks a level, aud 
the benefits derived from rains are obtained befoie 
and as soou as they pass into the earth, what more 
rational idea than that there be a place provided for 
it to pass off; and one meditates that it is in high 
glee that it has such an opportunity, instead of 
leaching through the soil or remaining upon the 
surface to evaporate—a slow and unpleasant pro¬ 
cess to (he farmer who knows the value of early aud 
fine tilth seeding. 
1 perceive there are those yet who are puzzled to 
understand why their drains do not accomplish the 
I've studied and reflected much, 
25 cents 
cents. Now a stone diain must be nearly double 
this width, but we will call it only 21 inches' making 
the digging and filling cost, at the same rate. 50 cts. 
The ditch will require two ox-cart loads of stone, 
and saving nothing of the picking and hauling, it is 
worth 25 cents per' rod to lay them in place, which 
makes the labor 75 cents per rod, saying nothing ot 
two cart loads of surplus earth to be hauled away 
in other words, this, i think, is true, that the labor 
of constructing stone drains will cost more than the 
labor and tiles tor tile drains.” 
It is (rue that tiles are somewhat liable to be ol>- 
structed. The soil, especially if it is sandy, will 
find its way into them, and other obstructions are 
also to be found. But (bey are neither so common, 
nor so difficult of being repaired as one would sup¬ 
pose. Water will show itself upon (be soil near the 
obstruction, which can be readily ascertained by 
thrusting a crow-bar down to the tiles. It is then 
an easy job to dig down and take up one or two 
lengths of tile and repair them, as the obstructions 
are usually found to extend but a short distance. 
As to the depth and distance for drains, the follow- 
ingfrotn Judge F. will Ire found of importance, as it 
contains the result of practical knowledge: 
“I advise laying drains as deep as four feet, not 
only because they drain the soil better, but because 
they are more permanent, than when more shallow. 
At that depth, the soil is little affected by vermin, 
or by the tread of cattle, or by the plow, or by frost, 
and boles are not likely to be broken through from 
the surface, to admit water and earth. I advise the 
use of two-ineb tile as the minimum, not because a 
smaller bore would not carry the water, but because 
it would be more easily obstructed. The distance 
must depend on the depth in part, and in part upon 
the nature of (be soil. I have never yet seen a 
failure in drainage, from drains at proper depth, too 
far apart. From 30 to CO feet may, perhaps, be gi en 
as extremes, in New England, where we have little 
close clay. In England, tough clays are sometimes 
drained as close as 1C feet" 
New Helps of Agriculture in Aid of War. 
Under the above title the Cincinnati Gazette 
contains a well written and most interesting arti¬ 
cle, from which we make the following extracts. 
The same arguments will apply to Illinois 
and many other Loyal States: “While war 
brings its work of destruction, and every day’s 
report is of blood and death, Providence has not 
left us without compensations, and in the exact line 
where aid is needed. In the city, where many 
manufacturers are thrown out of employment, and 
many men have left destitute iamilies, we see 
around us some compensations which are valuable 
and timely. The wants of the army demaud an 
immense supply of food, clothing, munitions, Ac. 
In supplying these, especially in the clothing de¬ 
partment, thousands of women, many men, and 
much capital, have found employment, and some ol 
the departments of business are more active than 
they have ever been. In the country, however, it 
is not quite so obvious bow the deficiencies caused 
But, a close in spec- 
desired object, 
have passed back and forth over grounds to 
find the proper place to lay a drain, (to accom¬ 
plish the greatest good at the least expense,) and i 
find that a person must know how the subsoil (hard- 
pan) is situated in order to do so, And the best 
way to find it out is to handle the spade and pick. 
I find on tny farm (of 130 acres) that it lays in 
ridges more or less flat and some depth below the 
surface—running east and west, and different dis¬ 
tances apart. 
Western Rural Items. — Chicago, Oct. 25, 1862.— The 
Weather is cool; the ground dry; the streets dusty. During 
the past four weeks hut little rain lias fatleu. Sunshine has 
predominated. Last night snow fell all about us ; whitening 
the ground outside the city.- Awards on Reapers and Mow 
err.— The rumor of the character of the awards made by the 
Executive of Uie Illinois State Agricultural Society on tiie 
reapers and mowers on trial at Dixon last Julj, current on the 
Fair Grounds at Rochester, is confirmed by the authorised 
publication of said awards in a city paper. They are as fol¬ 
low* Best Combined Reaper and Mower—the John P. 
Manxt Machine, built at Rockford, ill., by Thompson Sc Co. 
Best Reaper— Wood's Self-Raker, built by Walter A Wood, 
floosie Falla, N. Y. Best Single Mower— Ball's Ohio Mower, 
by E. Ball, Canton, Ohio. The excellent work of the two 
first named machines, under all circumstances, and their ob¬ 
vious labor-saving qualities, will render it difficult, for any 
outsider to sustain any criticism he might desire, from interest 
or otherwise, to make. The writer hereof thinks there are no 
competitors who will find fault with the two first awards. 
Ball’s Mower lias au excellent reputation, hut. judging, as a 
spectator must, superficially, so far as relates to figures, it. did 
not do as good work as a mower, as at least four other nm 
chines I could name. Of course the Committee have the fig¬ 
ures, as to draft, time, and the mechanical items, cost, Sec , 
which will be given as reasons far this award The report 
will be looked for with interest. Geographically the swards 
could not have been better distributed; but it is not to be sup¬ 
posed that Geography has governed or iufiueuced the action 
of the Committee.- The I Vest ft a Trial Country, and is this 
year troubled (?) with so much that it is cheap indeed. A 
correspondent in Kane Co. writes me—“Apples are plenty, 
especially fall apples. They are bringing a very low price— 
front 25 to 60 cents per bushel. It is difficult to sell the best 
quality of fall apples even at those prices The season has 
been too wet for a large crop. The trees in full bearing are 
chiefly on tUo highest and dryc3tland. r - The Sheep Fever it 
Raging. The same correspondent says:—“Sheep are in good 
demand. There arc many purchasers, but uo sheep for sale. 
Good fine- wooled sheep are worth three dollars a head. Some 
arc sending to Vermont for high-priced sheep. Most farmers 
have the sheep fever.”- The Sorghum Crop in the West is 
good, and the amouut of sirup iu the market from the cane 
fields of our prairies will be large and of good quility.—o. i>- n 
by the war are to be supplied, 
tion will show that, the m-w helps to agriculture 
have really been equal to all the drafts made by the 
war upon its labor and resources. This is a most 
singular iact in the history of industry; but it is a 
fact, and is produced by the rapid progress of useful 
art and inventions within a few years. In the year 
The farm has a gradual rise to the 
west,—two ridges, one on the west side, the other in 
the center, passing north and south. 
Now, then, for the theory or popular mode of 
draining land—“ with the current of water, or up 
and down the slope.” In the year 1856 lot No. 1 
needed draining for winter wheat, aud instead of 
following the above, (which was discussed and many 
approved of at our Farmers’ Club, at that time,) I 
cut my drain right counter to if As the ditch pro¬ 
ceeded across the field I found these ridges closer 
together, so near as five and eight feet apart, and 
within a spade's depth of the surface—the interval 
being loam, and three feet and a spade deeper, aud 
more for aught I know. 
Now, supposing the drain had been dug within or 
between any ot those ridges, how much land would 
have been benefited on either side? It was very 
gratifying to me that the ditch was thus laid; tor at 
every opening of the ridges a current of water made 
down the ditch. These peculiar formations opened 
my eyes in regard to ditching. Lands that are 
uniform in their texture can be drained without 
much difficulty—but where the earth varies iu com¬ 
pactness from a foot to three feet deep, is quite 
another thing. 
Since penning the above, I’ve listened to the dis¬ 
cussion on drainage, one evening, at the Stale Fair, 
and was much pleased to see the “ old heads ” hare 
a time of it. Both sides were bound to make the 
audience believe that each were right.. The diffi¬ 
culty was, they were too stiff-necked, and would not 
yield at all. Now, if they had met half way aud 
said—lands of uniform texture to the depth of three 
feet, drain with the slope, aud thirty to forty ieet 
apart, while lands that are irregular in their com¬ 
pactness or quality of soil, drain according to the 
conditions of such, they would have formed a prin¬ 
ciple that the farmers could adopt with profit. 
What a waste of expense it would have been had 
that drain been laid in one of those ridges, or in the 
alluvial between—and it would have have been so 
laid, had I been a believer in theoretical conclu¬ 
sions. c. w. M. 
Onondaga Co., N. Y,, 1862. 
permanent volunteers. In the year 1S62 we serin 
out 70,000. Exclusive of three months' men and 
civil employes about the army, (which also make 
thousands.) Ohio has sent 130,000 men into the three 
years’ service, a most, enormous draft on the labor 
of the State. More than three-fourths of these caine 
from the agricultural population. Here, then, we 
have near 100,000 laborers taken from agriculture 
and its adjunct arts; yet we see that the harvests of 
1862 have been great—probably as great as in any 
one year—and that a vast surplus will be sent, from 
this State to supply the wants of Europe and the 
army. The value of the surplus products of the 
State will pay the interest on the national debt 
accumulated in two years of war. 
Directions for Cider Kinking, 
The following is from a report on Apples and 
their Management, by a Committee of the Hamp¬ 
shire (Mass.) Ag. Society:—“ Good cider cannot be 
made from inferior, or decayed, or worm-eaten fruit. 
The apples should be ripe and mellow before they 
arc ground out in the mill. They should be mixed, 
sour and sweet, iii about equal proportions when 
carried to the apple heap. After the fruit is ground 
in the mill the pomace should stand in the vat a day 
or two, being frequently stirred with a wooden 
shovel. Being thus brought into contact with the 
air, the cider will have a fine rich color, and a better 
flavor, acquired by the digestion of the apple skins, 
which contain a fragrant oil, and by chemical 
changes wrought in the cider proper by atmospheric 
influences. The cider should be stored in well 
cleansed barrels or casks, and put into a dry, cool 
cellar. After fermentation has quite ceased, the 
barrels or casks should be hermetically closed. No 
foreign substance should ever be added to cider 
with the idea that it can be improved or made bet¬ 
ter thereby. Those who wish to poison their cider 
by chemicals will bear iu mind that when they do 
This is a result 
which no European statesman could have guessed 
at, aud which to him musr, appear scarcely less 
remarkable than the performances of Aladdin's 
lamp. A State not sixty years old sending into the 
field an army of 130,000 men, and yet Bending its 
surplus bread to food the destitute populations of 
England and France, is an exhibition of industry 
and fertility which Europe has not seen, and no 
slave State of America has ever produced. But we 
admit that, just at the present time, it would hardly 
have been produced but for new arts of agriculture, 
and to these we would give a moment’s glance. 
“A hundred thousand agricultural laborers are 
gone; how are we to meet the deficiency? We have 
met it chiefly by labor-saving machinery. A few 
years since, McCormick came to Cincinnati to man¬ 
ufacture his reapers. The idea then was, that they 
were suitable only for the large prairie wheat fields. 
It was the only agricultural machine wo had, and it 
was met, as usual, by doubt and hesitation. Soon 
after, this machine and others appeared at the 
World’s Fair, and it was pronounced a great suc¬ 
cess. Since then we have reapers, mowers, sepa¬ 
rators, sowers, drills, Ac., making a great aggregate 
of agricultural machinery, which does the work of 
more than three-fold the number of men, who (with¬ 
out machinery) would have been required to do it. 
Indeed, without this machinery, the wheat, oats, 
and hay of Ohio, in 1862, conld not have been got in 
safely. Besides, this machinery, which was at first 
only intended for large farms, now operates on the 
smallest; and on the large, tracts steam is success¬ 
fully employed, multiplying ten-fold the labor- 
saving power. At Dayton. Springfield, Lancaster, 
Canton, and Cleveland, large factories are engaged 
in turning out agricultural machines; so that we 
have the benefit both of the making and the use of 
agricultural machinery. The mode in which the 
harvest of 1862 has been principally got in, is this: 
One farmer in a neighborhood buys a machine, 
whether reaper or separator, and goes round doing 
the work of his neighbors at so many cents per 
bushel. It is thus that machinery has done the 
work of thousands of men, who have thus been 
spared for the war. Again we have, introduced new 
products. Few persons know the extent to which 
sorghum has been cultivated. The reader who will 
pass up some of the roads of the interior, will find 
the sorghum mills constantly grinding the cane; 
aDd we believe Ohio will this year produce all the 
molasses she consumes. The sorghum sirup has 
also been greatly improved, aud is now pronounced 
A Great Snow Storm.— The four weeks ram changed to a 
snow storm on Saturday evening last. The storm continued 
until 8 o'clock Monday morning, leaving three or four inches 
of snow and slash upon the ground in this city Dad not the 
snow melted rapidly it must have been nearly two feet deep 
when the storm subsided. Monday’s Daily Union s&vs:—“ Ilia 
damage by the storm to the fruit trees and foliage of our city 
and vicinity is great. Look where we will along the streets 
and in gardens and we see broken branches lyiDg upon the 
ground, and otherB bent under the accumulated weight of 
snow neatly to the ground. There is a considerable part of 
the apple crop out yet and it will of course be injured. But 
it is not valuable this year, so abundant is the fruit. Many 
grapes are out, but they may not be harmed where the tines 
are firmly supported as they should be. On the 24th of Octo¬ 
ber, 1861, there was a storm similar to this and nearly as vio¬ 
lent, if we remember rightly. That was the first of the season 
and was followed by pleasant weather.” 
Influence of Sunlight, on .Stock. 
Tub Dairy Farmer has an excellent article upon 
this subject, from which we extract the following: 
A mistaken notion prevails with many, that ani¬ 
mals need little or no light while confined in the 
stable. Physiologists declare that, other things 
being equal, families who occupy apartments on 
sunny side of dwellings are (be most healthy and 
happy. Fresh air and sunlight are promotive of 
health, and yet, in the construction of stables for 
animals, many seem to forget that these requisites 
are important. 
One would suppose that in localities where the 
attention of farmers is almost exclusively devoted 
to stock, anything connected with the management 
of animals, conducing to their health and comfort, 
would he the subject of thought. Yet, how few, 
even for a moment, are willing to give this subject 
the attention it deserves. To suppose that an ani- 
PICKING AND PACKING APPLES 
Sukinraok or Hat and Corn bt Darnm.—An exchange 
states that the loss upon hay weighed July 20th, when cured 
enough to put in tire barn, and again Februaiy 20th, has been 
ascertained to be 27,’: percent. So that bay at $15 a ton in 
the field is equal to $20 and upwards when weighed from the 
mow in winter. The weight of cobs in a bushel of corn in 
November, ascertained to be 18 pounds, was only 7>i' pounds 
in May. The cost of grinding a bushel of dry cobs, counting, 
handling, hauling and miller's charge, is about one cent per 
pound. Is the meal worth the money ? 
Wheat Trade or Chicago. —The Chicago Tribune publishes 
a statement of the receipts of wheat in that city during the 
month of September, 1860, ’61 and '62. it shows that 3,475,- 
400 bushels were received in 1860 ; in 1861, 2,087,412 bushels ; 
in 1802, 1,735,656 bushels. This is a falling off of 1 261,876 
bushels from last year, while the amount this year U only 
about one half as great as in 1860. On the 80th of September 
in I860, the price of No, 1 Spring was 86@S7 ; in 1861, 76(d>77, 
iu 1862, 91(5)92. The first of September the price was 89@93 
in ’00 ; 63(5:64 in ’61; and 93@94 in ‘62. 
