STATE FEUIT EEPOETS, 
At the late meeting of the American Pomological 
Society, reports were presented by the Chairman of 
the general Fruit Committee, from sixteen different 
States and the District of Columbia. These reports 
are made up by the most experienced fruit growers 
of the different States, constituting the State or local 
Committees, and contain reliable information ot 
great value. We present our readers with an ab¬ 
stract of these reports, and in a future number will 
give lists of the Iruits recommended for different 
localities. 
FROM THE FRUIT COMMITTEE OF MICHIGAN, 
T. T. LYON, CHAIRMAN. 
In submitting to your consideration a catalogue of 
fruits for this State, it may not be inappropriate to 
notice some of the peculiarities of our situation as 
a State, as well as some of the consequent modifica¬ 
tions of climate to which portions of it, are subjected. 
Of the adaptation of that purlieu of the State lying 
northward of Saginaw Bay to the production of fruit, 
little is known beyond the fact that strawberries, 
raspberries, blackberries, whortleberries, and cran¬ 
berries arc produced in abundance, in their wild 
state. Our attention will, therefore, be confined to 
the portions lying south of the point above named. 
That portion of the State watered by the Kala¬ 
mazoo and St. Joseph liivers and their tributaries, 
partakes largely of the prairie character of Indiana. 
Illinois anil Wisconsin, and is, therefore, in a good 
degree, subject to the difficulties that attend fruit 
growing in those States. Prominent among these 
are the bark-burst and winter-killing, doubtless 
chargeable to the late growth of the trees, on rich 
or retentive soils, followed by the great and sudden 
changes consequent upon the open and exposed 
character of the country, and the direction of the 
prevailing winds. From these or similar causes, 
doubtless, it is found that many varieties of fruits, 
although productive in other sections, are here un¬ 
productive, and consequently unprofitable. 
The eastern and northerly portions of the State, 
lying south of the latitude of Saginaw Bay, so far 
as the experiment has been tried, appear to yield 
results similar to those experienced in Western New 
York and Northern Ohio. In the Grand River 
valley, however, there are some indications of the 
unproductiveness of some of tho old sorts, such as 
Rhode island Greening aud Fall Pippin, which show 
a tendency to abate their fruitfulness on the richer 
soils of tho west; but the experience of growers in 
this valley may as yet be considered too limited to 
warrant a definite conclusion on the subject 
A portion of both these regions lying along the 
eastern shore ot Lake Michigan, and extending from 
the south line of the State north probably to (he 
region of Grand Traverse Bay, may be characterized 
as preeminently th a fruit region of this State. Along 
this narrow belt ot country, the sudden and severe 
frosts of winter and spring, which are usually due 
to northerly and nortiiwesterly winds, are so modi¬ 
fied by the broad expanse of water over which they 
must pass, that they pass harmlessly over this favored 
region, leaving untouched even the peach buds, else¬ 
where so liable to contract a fatal chill during their 
hibernation. 
This exemption is found to extend, in the Grand 
River valley, to a distance of fifty or sixty miles 
from the lake shore; but it may fairly be suspected 
that such exemption partially or wholly due to the 
almost unbroken forests of that section; and that, 
with the disappearance of these, the results will 
follow that already threaten to drive the peach from 
cultivation in the older portions of the State. 
Blackberries.— This fruit is so bountifully pro¬ 
duced in a wild state, that its cultivation for the 
market has scarcely been thought of 
Cherries —The sweet cherries are liable to the 
bursting of the bark, and also to winter-killing, in 
severe seasons. For these reasons they are not 
recommended, except for amateurs, and then only 
on dry, and not over rich soils, where, if somewhat 
sheltered, and grown with low heads, they may 
prove desirable. Our list for market purposes is, 
therefore, limited to the Duke and Morello varieties. 
Grates. — This fruit has been comparatively 
neglected under the apprehension that Isabella and 
Catawba, the only varieties generally known here, 
were too late In ripening to he relied on in our cli¬ 
mate ; but the recent Introduction of newer, earlier, 
and hardier varieties, with the adoption of more 
appropriate systems ot pruning and management, 
is gradually working a change in this respect, and 
there are not wanting indications of a rapid de¬ 
velopment of this branch of fruit culture. Our i 
experience, however, with the newer sorts is com¬ 
paratively limited, and there are tew that we feel i 
warranted in placing on tho market list. 
Reaches.— Prior to the year 1864 this fruit was 
grown with a reasonable degree of success in nearly 
•all the settled portions of Southern Michigan, but 
more recently the winter-killing of ihe fruit buds, 
and in some cases of the trees also, bus neatly driven 
it out of cultivation, except in the lake region, t 
heretofore described, and in such other favored lo¬ 
calities as, from shelter, soil, or other cause, may 
have escaped such visitations. We have been ima- , 
ble to discover auy very marked exemption of one 
variety more than another from this fatality. j 
Plums.— Like the peach, the plum was once a sure j 
and profitable fruit in this State, but more recently , 
the curculio has asserted his claim to the “lion’s 
share” of the fruit in all the older portions of the 
State, while a sort of leaf blight has, in some sea- ^ 
sons, robbed the trees prematurely of their tbliage, , 
leaving them in a state so debilitated as to be inca- , 
pable of withstanding the severities of winter. For v 
these reasons, the cultivation of this fruit is now 
tailing into neglect. It is believed, however, that 
high culture will prove a specific for the cure of the e 
leaf blight, while a strict surveillance, with mallet 
and sheet, will enable the grower to circumvent the 
“little.Turk” at a cost that will leave a margin for * 
profit, o 
Raspberries.— This fruit, like the blackberry, is * 
yet too plentiful in its wild state, to be much grown a 
as a market fruit All its varieties, with the excep¬ 
tion of two or three, are more or less tender, and a 
should be laid down in autumn, aud lightly covered e 
with earth or litter, as a preventive to winter-killing. e 
With this precaution and thorough culture, there _ 
can be little doubt but that, the cultivation of this t j 
tru.it will prove remunerative. 
1 ears, on Quince stocks. — In the estimation of tl 
FROM W. H. LOOMIS, CHAIRMAN INDIANA FBOIT 
COMMITTEE. 
- Owing to the unsettled condition of the country, 
your committee have not been able to examine the 
subject of fruit culture so thoroughly as they would 
otherwise have done. The committee lurnish a list 
,f f °r both Northern and Southern Indiana, which will 
it be in the Society’s Catalogue. The commit¬ 
's tee say the Northern Spy “is coming up,” Eight 
>s and inn years since the people here were disap- 
L ] pointed in it, and inclined to add a prefix to its 
q name “humbug.” Its tardiness in coming into 
bearing has tended to produce this effect, as also 
I the fact that nearly all the specimens were grown 
t on old trees, top-grafted, which prod need overgrown 
and imperfect specimens. But since that time, the 
trees planted are coming iuto bearing, and the fruit 
is rapidly growing into general favor. The tree is 
remarkably hardy. During the winter of 1855-'56 
1 the writer lost upwards of 60.000 apple trees of 
J various ages. Among the varieties I had were 
8 several thousand of Northern Spys, and not one 
was injured. 
' Pears. — But little well directed attention has 
5 been given to the cultivation of this most luscious 
’ of all fruits. The Bartlett, White Doyenne, and 
’ Flemish Beauty, have been cultivated in Indiana a 
long time, and have given universal satisfaction. 
These tsvo last are hardy, and owing to their uni¬ 
versal success, have become generally sought lor. 
The list of pears, aside from the three varieties 
above named, as found in the old orchards, or 
indeed, in isolated trees, (for nearly every farmer 
j has his pear tree,) are entirely worthless when com¬ 
pared with other varieties of more recent introduc¬ 
tion. 
fact, nothing was known of really fine pears 
1 liu the somewhat recent introduction of dwarf trees. 
, These have fruited in every neighborhood, to a 
greater or less extent. The trees, in most instances, 
. ^vo received no care. They have not been out 
back, and if pruned at all, it has been by the 
“ trimming-up process and have stood in grass 
' and weeds. The result of this mode ot culture, or 
rather no culture at all, is that “ dwcivf pear trees 
are a humbug.’' There are, however, a few culli- 
. vators in Indiana who have given their trees proper 
l (Mention, which has (on clay soils) been attended 
, uniformly with ample success. With intelligent 
, cultivators, there is no longer a doubt as to the sue- 
, cess of dwarf pear trees. Your committee are of 
I ( he opinion that they will not permanently succeed 
. ou soils deficient in clay. 
Peaches.— The peach crop in Northern and Cen- 
tial Indiana has been unreliable, not averaging a 
i good crop oftener than once in five years; indeed, 
the trees were nearly all killed during the late 
! severe winters. Notwithstanding the common be¬ 
lief that seedlings were more hardy than improved 
varieties, the most of the best known sorts, and 
among them Crawford Early and Late, have proved 
uniformly hardy, except during the winter of 
1S55~'5G, when all were killed, seedlings and bud¬ 
ded trees alike. 
In Southern Indiana, the cultivation of peaches 
is becoming a large interest, and new orchards are 
being rapidly planted. Their cultivation has proved 
profitable, and the crops have been abundant and 
uniform. 
Plums.— These have well nigh been given up to 
the curculio. Though there is no question but they 
can be grown profitably by following the directions 
for jarring the trees and paving the ground beneath 
them. Not having sufficient experience in plum 
culture, your committee do not feel warranted iu 
recommending any. 
Cherries. — Unfortunately for Indiana and the 
West, tho finer varieties of cherries have generally 
tailed; that is, .the trees grown as standards have 
nearly all perished, by the cracking of the bark on 
the bodies of the trees, blight or otherwise. The 
tops and branches of the trees have never shown 
indications ot injury, but the stems crack, blister, 
aud decay. We have never observed these symp¬ 
toms with dwarf trees on the Mulialeb stock, that 
have been trained low, that is, with tops as close to 
the ground as they can be. 
Rahtherriks.— We cannot recommend any va¬ 
rieties, except under the following restrictions: 
L With good clean culture, ample room for the 
canes and roots, in order to admit a free circulation 
of air among the branches. 
2. Regular pruning, and removing the old wood. 
3. Binding down the canes and covering them 
during winter. This is not necessary in order to 
preserve the life of the plants, but it is absolutely 
necessary aud indispensable for a profitable crop. 
By this process raspberries will pay handsomely, 
and not otherwise. 
Strawberries.— We unhesitatingly recommend 
the cultivation or this fruit in hills, on the Knox 
plan. Alter an experience of three years with this 
mode of culture, we are satisfied that it is the most 
profitable, and the only sure means of making per¬ 
manent plantations or remunerative crops. 
Hardy Grates. — Clinton, Catawba, Isabella. 
As hardy and superior to tbe above in every respect, 
are the Delaware, Concord and Diana. These three 
latter have fruited in various sections of Indiana 
for two or three years, and have every where given 
unparalleled satisfaction. Delaware vines the past 
year, three years old, have in numerous instances 
borne from a half to three-quarters of a bushel of 
Iruit, of the finest quality. Notwithstanding its 
recent introduction, and a general fear ou the part, 
ot the people of buying new things at high prices. 
there is to-day more demand tor Delaware vines 
than there is for tbe famous Catawba, at ten times ‘ 
the price of the latter, and neither is this demand [ 
oq the part ot amateurs alone, but by vignerons, 
who purchase by the thousand. The Concord -atul : 
Diana are quite as desirable for amateurs, on ac- , 
count of their known hardiness, luxuriant growth, J 
early bearing, and general excellence. 
Training Trees for tub West.— Your commit¬ 
tee can not close this report, without exressing their 
opinion that the “American Pomological Society” 
should pay some little attention to the cultivation of 1 
trees, and the proper mode of training the 6ame, as 1 
adapted to our Western climate. \ 
In the East and North-East, it may be well to a 
advise the trimming up of fruit trees, where the 1 
climate is regular, but at the West, one of the great- c 
est evils is Eastern practice and recommendations v 
applied to Western fruit culture. In other words, s 
the “American Pomological Society” should re- q 
member, and especially that portion representing n 
the sea-board, that there is a “ Great West,” pos- a 
tially these sudden and disastrous changes in tem¬ 
perature, we advise, and it is tbe universal opinion 
and practice of intelligent fruit-growers at the West, 
to train their trees down instead of up. In other 
words, we ask the “American Pomological Society” 
in their wisdom to allow your Western delegates, 
through yon, to advise growing trees with low 
heads, not to exceed two feet in height, whereby we 
claim earlier bearing, greater hardiness of tbe trees, 
as well as promoting longevity iu the same, and 
more regular and certain crops of fruit 
\ Our western friends and co-laborers for the pro¬ 
motion of American Pomology felt a little indignant 
last fall in Philadelphia, when we offered resolu¬ 
tions for the guidance of Western cultivators, ad¬ 
vising them to train all trees with low heads, to (iud 
that the “American Pomological Society” disre¬ 
garded our requests, and seemed to be of the 
impression that the “wise men of the East” knew 
better what was for the best interests of Western 
pomology than Western cultivators. 
We therefore kindly ask the adoption of such 
measures as shall aid and promote fruit culture, not 
only in the East, but in the West also, and have no 
doubt our requests will receive due consideration. 
Orchards, as before remarked, where low training 
has been carried out, are found to bear earlier, bet, 
ter, and more uniform crops, besides being more 
hardy than those which have been trimmed np. 
There are thousands of trees in our State of this 
latter description, and it will be found ou examina¬ 
tion that most ot these have been blown over by 
our strong south-west winds, to an angle often to 15 
degrees, and frequently 20 to 25 degrees, causing 
the warm rays ot the sun in January and February, 
as well as during the ontire season, to strike them 
obliquely, tho effect of which is that all such trees, 
with hardly an exception, are dead on the said 
south-west side, from the main limbs to the ground. 
No trees are so injured on the north side or in the 
tops. Neither are those injured which have been 
trained with low tops, or such as lean to instead of 
from the south-west. 
FROM M. L, DUNLAP. OF ILLINOIS. 
It is with no little misgiving that I attempt to give 
a list of varieties of fruit, that shall prove best in 
various parts of the State, reaching as it does t hrough 
nearly four hundred miles of latitude and extending 
over a range of elevation of from three to eleven 
hundred feet above the level of the sea. The great 
volume of heated air driven north from the gulf by 
the steady pressure of the trade winds during sum¬ 
mer, elevates the average summer temperature and 
thus gives us a summer climate equal to three or 
four degrees of latitude below that of the slope 
lying east of the Blue Ridge. This is followed by 
a winter correspondingly colder, making the con¬ 
trast great, and in many instances inflicting irre¬ 
parable injury on all bard wooded plants not well 
ripened. It is practically growing an orchard in 
latitude thirty-six, and wintering it in forty. From 
the peculiar nature of our climate, we have little 
snow, while in winter tbe number of clear days is 
remarkable. The sun’s rays thawing the ground 
and starting the sap, followed by intense cold at 
night. To these influences can be charged the diffi¬ 
culties of fruit growing on the prairies of the West. 
For the growth of trees the soil is favorable, and so 
is tho summer climate, while the great drawback is 
in the sudden changes during whiter. Whenever by 
artificial means this normal condition of the climate 
is overcome, there is no difficulty in growing any of 
the apple or pear family that, do well at the East. 
By protection with timber belts, close planting] 
thorough draining, and low-headed trees, we can 
succeed with all varieties of the apple, in all parts 
of the State. The Baldwin, which, in exposed 
prairie locations is one of the first to succumb, pro¬ 
duces, when sheltered from the wind, in closely 
planted borders, its usual crop, whether in the mid¬ 
dle or north part of the State. In the south part, 
usually denominated Egypt, less protection of this 
kind is required. The same reasoning holds good 
with many other varieties popular at tbe East, but 
quality and size. Peabody, Crimson Cone, Hovey’s, 
Scott’s Seedling, Brighton Pine, and many other 
sorts possessed of certain and various merits, are 
but little grown in this vicinity. A pale red variety, 
called hero ( erroneously ) the British Queen, is 
nearly as productive as Wilson’s Albany. The 
Oscar, Wizard of the North and Bartlett fruited the 
past year for the first time. The deep snows and 
cool summers of this latitude go favorable to the 
growth of this fruit, have induced the Importation 
of several English sorts, of good reputation in that 
couutry. Further trial, on various soils, is needed 
to form a correct opinion of their merits. 
Grapes. Next in importance at ihe present, time 
is the cultivation of the grape. None, save the very 
eailiest varieties, can be grown, except in cities 
protected by brick walls, where the frosts of Autumn 
nppear from two io four weeks later than in the 
country. In such positions in this city, (Portland), 
as fine, ripe bunches ol the Diana and Rebecca, and 
I may also include the Isabella, were grown the 
past season as could have been desired. For culti¬ 
vation outside ot the cities and similar protection, 
however, varieties lully three weeks earlier than the 
Isabella must be grown to insure success. 
I irst among the early varieties is the Northern 
Muscadine. It is to be regretted that two varieties 
ot this grape have been so industriously dissemina¬ 
ted, so nearly alike in color as to be taken for the 
same fruit. One, however, is a mild and sweet 
grape, of agreeable flavor— the other too foxy and 
pulpy to bo ot the least value. Ibis doubtless owing 
to this contusion that this grape lias so many warm 
friends and so many who discard it altogether. 
The Hartford Prolific gains friends at each ac¬ 
quaintance. It is sufficiently eaily to ripen in all 
situations, beginning the first week ot September, 
and is very productive aud ot good quality. 
The Delaware, Though a few days later, is being 
planted considerably, with the belief that it will be 
hardy, early and productive, aud in quality t,lio best 
we may find for several years. It is quite loo small 
in berry and bunch, and too pale in color, for a 
popular and profitable market grape. 
Tbe Concord is most vigorous and hardy, and its 
culture ol the easiest description. Its lateness will 
not allow it to bo placed with ttie varieties which 
promise well. 
Gooseberries. — Houghton’s Seedling is the 
only kind grown, and does uniformly well. 
Currants.— Knight’s Large Red stands at tlie head 
of the oliler varieties. White Grape and Victoria do 
well. La Versailles promises best among the new. 
Rastherkieh. —Biinekle’s Orange und Franconia 
are esteemed boat. The Oatawissa and Black Cap 
promise well. 
Pears. — Flemish Beauty, Beurre Die], Vicar of 
Wiukfield aud Urbanist are amoDg the hardiest and 
best. 
Atfles. — Most of the varieties usually recom¬ 
mended lor the extreme north do well, if grafted ou 
old trees. Only the very hardiest sorts will succeed 
in our nurseries, or planted out in orchards. The 
Red Astmchan deserves to be mentioned as a tree 
that has never suffered by our winters, with the 
mercury at 35° below zero. 
The Red aud Yellow Crab are, of course, hardy 
even four hundred miles north-east of this city, and 
with these exceptions I believe nearly every other 
variety of apples of general use has to some extent, 
been affected by our late very cold and changeable 
winters, and to a greater degree apparently in the 
vicinity of bodies orstreamsof water. The Gardner 
Royal stauds first for quality, bringing nearly the 
price of good pears in market. 
One branch of fruit culture is being more exten¬ 
sively advanced than at any former period, and with 
uniform success. I refer to the culture of foreign 
grapes in cold vineries. Houses built iu the rough¬ 
est manner, having a glass roof coming nearly to the 
ground in front, with a rich border of two or three 
feet in depth and annually top-dressed, produce 
grapes of the largest size and richest quality. The 
with many other varieties popular at tbe East, but d:db - ,w ‘ n o '• s * ; for a house of forty vines has been crisp, 
at present of little value at tho West. The’ list kindl 7 6ent Ine b y Dr. Weston, of Bangor, whose The sheets th 
furnished has particular reference to the prairie £ ra P es uniformly receive the first premium at our dl 7 place, and 
exposures, with the general understanding that all ann,lfd kdrs : 35 Black Hamburg, 1 Victoria Ham- pies or sauce, i 
desirable sorts can bo cultivated, with more or less bur £> * Wilmot’s Hamburg, 1 Wilmot’s No. 16, 1 milk, and they 
profit, when the conditions indicated are supplied. Chasselns, 1 White Frontignari. cious as the fret 
, —- -■ * ^ UI JOOU 
profit, when the conditions indicated are supplied. 
The summer blight effects some varieties more than 
others. Mr. Coe, a member of the Fruit Committee 
of Ill., says: “For Smith's Cider and Rambo, a dry 
soil is indispensable, and the latter must be either 
top-grafted or budded standard high. Rawle’s Janet 
is better root-grafted. We have had but one peach 
crop in the last twelve years. The curculio destroys 
all the plums. Pears have not succeeded well, and 
I doubt if they Can be grown with profit. Cherries 
are a failure, with the exception of Early May 
(Kentish of Downing), and perhaps two or three 
others of the Morello family.” Mr. Hinkler has 
the same experience. These two members of the 
committee represent respectively the Lake and Mis¬ 
sissippi region of Northern Illinois. Mr. Cok lias 
a sandy soil, and Mr, Minki.kr a clay loam over- 
lying the Niagara group ot limestone which crops 
out at intervals io the neighborhood. 
The great loss to planter by the purchase of trees 
from the East is in their exposure here the first win¬ 
ter. I hope you will impress upon all parties send¬ 
ing frees West in the fall to lay them in and cover 
from the sun during winter. Trees must have a 
summer's growth here before they can be safely 
wintered iu this climate, unless in the south part of 
the State. Trees do well that are received early in 
the season, but generally they come so late that the 
summer drouth ruins them. The large number of 
dwarf and standard pears being shipped West, re¬ 
quires this caution. I have for years procured two 
years old pear trees from Rochester in (he fall; heel 
in and cover with corn stalks, and they always do 
well and make as hardy a tree as though grown 
here, and I think the same would be the case with 
tbe apple. 
FROM J. W. ADAMS, PORTLAND. MAINE. 
. . — vi tuc aca-uutuu, mat mere is a “ Groat, Wost” 
qu'moe^te^ot hT culti .!. at . iori of this fruit on the se8aed ol a 8 ° d unequaled in fertility, but under a 
them i n r to climate notorious ibr severe winds and sudden 
hem in recommending the planting of dwarfs, for changes, that we have warm (almost May) days in 
he supply ot our markets, at the rates which such January and February, followed by a temperature 
We>u,ercl “ rc ' preferto 
6 thl8 aa ° pen questlon ’ four hoars. In order, therefore, to overcome par- 
Since our last report, the cultivation of the straw¬ 
berry has more rapidly advanced than other fruits. 
This has been mainly due to the introduction of the 
Wilsons Albany, which can be grown in hills at 
about the same cost as potatoes, and yields as many 
bushels per acre. Wo have yet to find the first piece 
of laud in this State where they have been planted 
without producing satisfactory returns, but land not 
subject to early drouth is to be preferred. The 
quality of the berry, however, is too acid to suit 
most tastes, and it is to be hoped that some variety 
as productive and hardy, of mild aud rich flavor, 
will soon be introduced. The Triomphe de Gand 
has been cultivated and fruited by the writer for the 
past two years aud has maintained its reputation of 
“ best quality,” but docs not prove sufficiently pro¬ 
ductive. Hooker, tor amateurs, is entitled to the first 
rank, and Trollope’s Victoria is valuable for lateness, 
wane URasselas, 1 White Frontignari. 
REPORT BY JUDGE READ, Ol' THE CHAMPLAIN 
VALLEY. VERMONT. 
Alter giving a list ot the more hardy apples suited 
to the Champlain Valley, Judge Read makes the 
following remarks in regard to other fruits : 
Rears.— The most, hardy varieties of Rears culti¬ 
vated in this section of Vermont are, the Flemish 
Beauty, Seckel, Virgalieu or St. Michael, Rostiezer, 
Dearborn’s Seedling, Belle Lucrative, Louise Bonne 
de Jersey, Onondaga or Swan’s Orange, Urbanist. 
Beurre d’Anjou, Beurre Diel, Beurre d’Are tuber g, 
Winter Nellis, and some more tender varieties are 
cultivated on quince stalks, or in protected situa¬ 
tions—such as the Bartlett or Williams’ Eonchretien, 
Vicar of Wiukfield, Dix, Duchess d’Angoulewe, 
I asse Colmar, Oliaumontel, Glout Morceau, etc., and 
the Catillac, found Rear, and Iron Rear, are raised 
for cooking purposes. 
Plums and Cuerries.— Abating the ravages of 
the curculio, we should succeed in raising almost 
every variety of plum in this section of tho State ; 
but with the exception of I860 they have been to¬ 
tally destroyed by that insect for the last ten or 
titteen years—and these pests have for some four or 
live years past extended their depredations to cher¬ 
ries, and even to apples. So complete has been the 
destruction, not only of the plum but of the cherry, 
from this source, that the cultivation of them both 
lias been partially suspended; and it seems but au 
idle waste of paper to even enumerate the several 
varieties we might raise if these arch enemies ol 
those delicious fruits would allow. Many old trees 
are still standing, and annually put forth their buds 
and flowers, and promise us their fruits ; but this 
effort of iheir kindly nature results in our greater 
disappointment. And but few young trees are at 
this day planted out, from the belief that it will be 
of no avail. 
Grapes.— There are but few varieties of grapes 
worthy of cultivation, that will fully ripen in the 
open air in this section of the State, and many of 
those that we claim to be successfully cultivated here 
without protection are, after all, but a partial suc¬ 
cess when compared with the cultivation of the 
same varieties further south. Of onr native varie¬ 
ties, the Lyman. Clinton, Concord, Hartford Prolific, 
Delaware, Isabella and Black and White Fox grapes 
CANADA WEST BY D. W. BEADLE, OF ST. CATHARINES. 
It 18 not an easy thing to make out a list of fruits 
that, will succeed in every part of Canada West. 
TtiB Upper Canaria Fruit Growers’ Association is 
trying to get together the needed information, but 
considerable time must elapse before it can be col¬ 
lected. Our climate here (St, Catharines) i„ much 
milder than it is fifty miles west or north, and in the 
near vicinity of the large lakes many kinds will 
flourish that perish a lew miles off in tbe interior. 
Again, some varieties are finer at the north or in the 
interior, than in the warmer sections, like the Snow 
apple, St. Lawrence. Reaches, quinces, apricots 
and nectarines are chiefly confined to the Peninsula 
hot ween Lakes Erie and Ontario, yet growing to 
some extent all along the north shore of Luke Erie 
and on the south shore of Lake Huron, within a 
belt of about twelve miles in width. This territory 
is also the limit very nearly of the Bigarreau and 
1 leart cherries, while the Dukes and Moretlos extend 
into the colder places ; the finer varieties of these 
one after another giving away before the climate, 
until there is left only the sour red pie cherry — 
solitary sentinel on the outposts of the cherry re¬ 
gion. And the apples, though extending over a 
larger area, show the same law very nearly. The 
hall Pippin, Early Harvest and associate varieties, 
occupy much the same territory as the Heart Cher¬ 
ries ; the Esopus Spitzenburg, Gravenstein, Rambo, 
Roxbury Russet and Keswick Codlin press further 
on, led by the hardier Red AstrachaD, Northern 
Spy, Roimne Gl'lse, St Lawrence, Talman’s Sweet 
and Duchess of Oldenburgh, until even these fail 
betbre our northern blasts. The pears, too, show 
the same law. Bartlett, Beurre Bose, Duchess 
d Angouleme and White Doyenne grow with the 
R. I. Greening; Beurre Did, Bitffam, Seckel, Louise 
Bonne de Jersey and Flemish Beauty extend some 
further, but our fine sorts fail utterly, so far as I am 
informed, before the limit of the Red Astraohan and 
Bourassa is reached. Of plums it. is impossible to 
say anything with certainty. Fruit growers have so 
generally and ignobly given way before the black 
knot and curculio that the tree has nut been planted 
sufficiently to furnish data fur a list of the most de¬ 
sirable varieties. This, however, I may say, that so 
far as my sources of information extend, the Lom¬ 
bard plum has best withstood the black knot, the 
curculio, and the climate. 
FROM FRUIT COMMITTEE OF MINNESOTA. 
There have been a few apples, pears and cherries 
raised here, but they have not been sufficiently 
tested for us to say which are or which Rre not the 
best varieties.. 
Currants.— The White Dutch is considered the 
best white and the Red Dutch the best red currant. 
Gooseberries.— Houghton’s Seedling tbe best. 
Strawberries.— Wilson’s Albany, Hooker’s Seed¬ 
ling, Pyramid Chilian, are very popular here. The 
Wilson generally takes the premiums. 
Grapes.— The Isabella and Catawba are the only 
grapes that have been well tested here. They do 
well enough when the season is long enough to ripen 
them ; but they are apt to get nipped by the frost 
before getting thoroughly ripe. 
<£cmcuOT. 
DRYING- PUMPKINS. 
J$ 
We love pumpkin pies, especially where there is 
not an abundance of tree, fruit. We have tried all 
inodes of drying, but no plan is equal, we think, to 
the one we recommended a year ago, aud which we 
tried on a larger scale than hitherto. It is this:_ 
Take the ripe- pumpkins, pare, cut in small pieces, 
stew solt, mash and strain through a cullender, as if 
for making pies. Spread this pulp on plates in lay¬ 
ers not quite halt an inch thick; dry it down in the 
stove oven; keep at so low a temperature as not to 
scorch it. In about a day it will become dry aud 
crisp. 
The sheets thus made can bo stowed away in a 
dry place, and they are always ready for use, for 
pies or sauce. Soak the pieces over night in a little 
milk, and they will return to a nice pulp, as deli¬ 
cious as the fresh pumpkin, we think—much more 
so. The quick drying alter cooking prevents any 
portion from slightly souring as is always the case 
when the uncooked pieces are dried; the flavor is 
much better preserved, and the after cooking is 
saved. This plan is quite as little trouble as the old 
mode, to say nothing of the superiority in the qual¬ 
ity ol the material obtained* Try it, and you will 
not return to the old method, we are sure, and you 
will become a great lover of pumpkin pie “ the year 
round,” and feel less the loss of the fruit crop._ 
American Agriculturist. 
take care op the feet. 
“Of all parts ot the body,” says Dr. Robertson, 
“ there is not one which ought to be so carefully 
attended to as the feet.” Every person knows from 
experience that colds, and many other diseases 
which proceed from colds, are attributable to cold 
feet. The feet are at such a distance from “the 
wheel at the cistern ” ot the system, that, the circu¬ 
lation of the blood may be very easily checked 
there. Y et, for all this, and although every person 
ot common sense should be aware of the truth of 
what we have stated, there is no part of the human 
body so much trifled with as the feet The young 
and would-be genteel footed cramp their toes and 
feet into thin-soled, bone-piiiching boots and shoes, 
in order to display neat feet; in the fashionable 
sense ol the term. There is one great evil, against 
which every person should be on their guard, and it 
is one which is not often guarded against—we mean 
the changing ot warm for cold shoes or boots. A 
change is often made from thick to thin soled shoes, 
without reflecting upon the consequences which 
might ensue. In cold weather boots and shoes of 
good thick leather, both in soles and uppers, should 
be worn by all. Water-tights are not good it they 
are air-tights also; India rubber overshoes should 
never be worn except iu wet splashy weather, and 
then not very long at once. It is hurtful to the feet 
to wear any covering that is aii-tight over them, 
and for this reason India rubber should lie worn as 
seldom as possible. No part of the body should be 
allowed to have a covering that entirely obstructs 
the passage of carbonic acid gas from the pores of 
the skin outward, and the moderate passage of air 
inward to the skin. Life can be destroyed in a very 
short time by entirely closing up tbe pores of the 
It . » , „ „ oumu UUID Uji mimeiy Closing UD tDe Doles nf tlm 
.«•* W-J WUitS 
Black Cluster, Miller’s Burgundy, Black Constantin 
and White Sweetwater; the Royal Muscadine and 
Black Hamburgh, have occasionally been ripened. 
^ Every variety of Blackberry, Raspberry, Currant, 
Strawberry and Gooseberry, it is believed, is culti¬ 
vated here as successfully as in any part of England. 
and shoes are conservators of health, aud conse¬ 
quently of human happiness. 
Bread is the staff of life, and liquor the stilts— 
the former sustaining a man and the latter elevating 
him for a fall. 
