els to the acre, weight G6 lbs. 10 oz ; also on black 
soil after potatoes, (first crop after grain,) 30 bush¬ 
els to the acre, weight 65 lbs. 14 oz.; wheat, black 
clay soil, first, planter! with potatoes and two years 
with wheat, weight 66 lbs. 4 oz.: wheat, black loam 
soil, rotation of crops—five crops of wheat previous 
<0 the present one—yield 35 bushels to the acre; 
white Tuscan whr :n. grown on volcanic virgin soil, 
one year fallow, average 40 bushels to the acre: 
wheat grown on loamy soil, with clay bottom, rota* 
lion alternately with potatoes and oats, average per 
acre 39 bushels, weightG7lbs.: white Tuscan wheat, 
virgin soil, after ja summer fallow. 40 bushels to the 
acre; wheat grown on light soil, plowed last season 
for the firs; lime, without fallowing, weight 67 lbs. 
(1 oz. Uxbridge wheat, black volcanic soil, grown 
after oats, 30 bushels per acre; Tuscan wheat, grown 
after potatoes, 35 bushels per acre, weight 65 lbs. 2 
oz.; wheat grown at Bushworth, 35 bushels to the 
acre.” 
land is plowed across the slope in late autumn, the 
surplus water will be retained in a great measure, 
by settling across the lands, from one middle lurrow 
towards another, by which the soil will be kept well 
saturated, and sometimes completely flooded with 
water. In case a field should slope gradually from 
two directions, and form a shallow valley, the true 
way would be to plow a land in the lowest part, of 
the valley, and then let the middle furrows of all 
the lands, up and down the elope or slopes, empty 
into the main middie furrow. 
“ Now that the work is laid out, the next step will 
bo to execute it. If the ground is sod ground, the 
plowing should be performed—if it be done with 
a single plow—with lapped furrow-slices, aud not 
with the furrow-slices laid flat. And more than 
this, the plowing should be doDe in narrow lands— 
not more than sixteen or eighteen feet in width. 
'1 hen, utter every land has been finished, adjust the 
plow for running as deep as the team can draw it, 
and cut the middle furrows six or eight inches deep¬ 
er than the i est of the plowing. Al ter this has been 
done, let the middle f urrows bo shoveled out, eo as 
to form a free channel for the water, and let the 
earth which is shoveled out, be spread evenly each 
way from the middle furrows, over the ridges. One 
active man with a good round pointed shovel will 
shovel out a long line of such furrorvs iu a day; and 
the good effect upon the crops next season where wet 
lands is treated in this manner, will amply remu¬ 
nerate for the labor bestowed. This kind of work 
can be performed when the weather is so unfavora¬ 
ble and cold that workmen can do little nothing 
else to good advantage.” 
Manure in the Cattle Yard*. 
Tiir last issue of the Baltimore Rural Register 
contains the following hints, which are worthy of 
close attention on the part of farmers: 
Have an eye in good time, as time and opportu¬ 
nity otters, to the accumulation of manure. Every 
thing of a vegetable character should be gathered 
preparatory to your yarding your stock, and placed 
in your cattle yards, including marsh and creek 
mud, woods mold and leaves, ditch scrapings, Ac,, 
these should be managed as directed for your hog 
yards; be careful to sprinkle plaster occasionally 
over the compost, os you add fresh materials from 
time to time. Hands and carts and horses could not 
be more profitably employed than in gathering ma¬ 
terials for this purpose; without, manure, crops can 
not be made to pay, and as guano is now almost be¬ 
yond the roach of the farmer, at its present enormous 
price, every nerve should be strained to procure a 
supply independent of that source—if the trouble is 
taken, the cash outlay for guano may be avoided, 
and n more permanent, if not. as readily paying a 
manure, Fecured on the farm and in its vicinity; 
this, ’tis true, requires more labor and effort, but 
these well directed just now. will enable us to save 
our ready funds tor other purposes which will lie 
found pressing upon us in these troublous times, 
which are trying men’s pockets as well as their 
souls. Your yard should be of a basin-like shape, 
to preserve the liquid voidings ol' the cattle from 
escaping; at first make the quantity of the rough 
materials deposited about a foot in depth, and after¬ 
wards add to them, irem time to time; say abont 10 
or 12 Inches in thickness, and then spread over them 
say 10 bushels slaked ashes for every 20 or 25 loadB 
of the mass, and then add the same quantity of the 
raw materials, and ashen, until you gel the heap to 
about, four feet thick; it should be formed in a coue- 
liko shape—before putting out in the spring, the 
heap should be shoveled over so as to mix all the 
substances well together, and equalize the virtue of 
the manure. __ 
About Hops. 
Iv the Hop-Growers’ Journal we find the 
census returns of the growth of hops in this country 
lor the last twenty years. These statistics disclose 
some very interesting facts. Of forty States and 
WESTERN EDITORIAL 
BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE OF THE U. 8. 
A portion of the agricultural press of the country 
are at present somewhat exorcised over the appoint¬ 
ment of Mr. Newton as the head of the Bureau at 
Agriculture, by the President. A number take ex¬ 
ceptions. and denounce Mr. N. ns utterly unqualified 
for the position. We rather suspect that some ot 
these gentlemen would like the portion theuiBelvep. 
One goes so fur as to violate the known rules ot 
social intercourse and courtesy by pursuing before 
the public the verbatim el literatim copy ot a hastily 
drawn order, given 1o outs ot its editors who asked 
a favor o: Mr NewUm, which he as a gentleman 
granted. This was iu exceedingly bad taste on the 
part of the editor. 
We have known many who were practically belter 
qualified for such a poaPion than the mere theoreti¬ 
cal literary sparks which (lambed around 1 
N. is no doubt one of til's class, and the I resident 
is better acquainted with him. and knows wnetnet 
the person that he has selected ri competent or not, 
thau those who essay t,< have him 
are satisfied to trust to the judgment ot the 1 resident 
in the premise?. 
I cut the above from the Michigan Farmci for 
October. I quote it entire, in order to show how 
political associations teach a man to toady to those 
who have patronage to dispense; and for the other 
purpose of showing how little this Michigaodet 
knows (or cares, evidently.) ot what he is lalking 
about. I have one or two positive statements to 
make, which bear directly upon the subject matter 
of the above extract: 
L The order, referred to in the extract, was never 
given one of the editors of the Rural, by Isaac 
Newton, nor by his direction. 
2. No editor of the Run ax, ever asked a favor of 
Mr. Newton, of any kind or character. 
3. Hence there was no breach of any kuown rule 
of social intercourse made by showing the public 
precisely bow much respect is shown the agricul¬ 
turists of the country by the appointing power, when 
a place of great responsibility, involving the graved 
interests, is put in the hands ol an ignoramus and 
demagogue. 
4. It is of but iitile consequence to the public 
whether the writer ol the above article confidingly 
“ trusts to the judgment of the President in the 
premises,” or not. But it is of some importance to 
the farmers of the country to know that, alter long 
years of effort, on their part, to secure the estab¬ 
lishment ot a branch of the Government which 
should look after their specific interests, a man is 
placed at the head ot it who thoroughly compre¬ 
hends the character of the work lie is to accomplish 
—who has a broad and liberal conception of (he 
manner iu which such a Bureau should lie organized, 
of the object of its organization and of the best 
means of applying its machinery and resources to 
development of the industrial interests of the coun¬ 
try, aud who possesses the education and executive 
ability necessary to administer it intelligently aud 
economically. What has been written by the writer 
hereof, on this suiject. has been with the sole object 
of Securing such a man to represent the Agricul¬ 
turists of the country at the head of this newly cre¬ 
ated department—a man who would not only fill 
the position with honor to himself, but w ith credit 
to the class he would represent, and command the 
respect and confidence of all men. 
1 have good reason to believe that Mr. Isaac 
Newton is not such a man. If it prove that I have 
been misinformed—that I am totally mistaken, 1 
shall be prompt to do him justice, and cijmmcnu 
him as an intelligent, wise and efficient Load of the 
Bureau of Agriculture. 
One thing more 
It has generally been thought uy tarmers mai 
their business was an exception to nearly all others, 
inasmuch ns they could not concentrate capital aud 
by a division of labor cheapen the cost of produc¬ 
tion of articles manufactured upon the form. The 
first successful effort was made a few years ago. 
in the manufacture of cheese. Large cheese, and 
things being equal, has always commanded areadier 
market and brought a better price than small, all 
as every thing is large or small by comparison, a 
cheese weighing eighty pounds and upwards, is 
called a large cheese, from forty to eighty pounds a 
middling cheese, and below forty pounds, a small 
cheese. 
It is found that a cheese dairy under about thirty 
COWS does nob as a general thing, pay. There are, 
however, ft great many tarmers who cannot keep so 
large a number of cows with profit. To obviate the 
difficulty of a email number, some fanners in a 
neighborhood who had the conveniences for a cheese 
dairy, and an established reputation as a successful 
manufacturer, would take the milk of surrounding 
dairies and thereby produce large and saleable 
cheese, at about the same cost to the Individual far¬ 
mer for making his own, and bringing in market 
from one to two cents per pound more than the 
small cheese. Cheese factories, of a lftTge capacity, 
have sprung up iu the great dairy regions of the 
Stale during the past two years, and may 
i hk season.—A tter nearly a mourn ot cloudy, rainy and 
otherwi'e unpleasant weather. October closed with two tnight 
dny* ami November opened in like manner—with warm and 
ha uy Indian summer sky and atmosphere. The amount of 
water which fell in this city last month, was 3 95 inches. i„ 
Ms report of the Weather for the Rat half of Oct., Prof 
IIkwky says ‘ The last two days were warm and balmy In¬ 
dian summer, and the hottest noon was <ri* on the 3i*t The 
coldest morning was 33* on the 2Sth, when the snow, without 
frost, killed more leaves than by any frost before. The leaves 
of hard maple began to fall in the middle of the month, before 
any cold, because they were ripe or matured. The variegated 
foliage of autumn came on. as if. did last year, without the aid 
of frost. The latter harvest is being finished. The crop of 
potatoes is not only bounteous, but of excellent quality 
There has been great improvement iu the quality of the flukes 
in two year*. The fall peaches still hold on, at least arc ; n 
market.. A great amount of fall flowers were in the gardens 
after the middle of the month. This has boon ft great sea¬ 
son of productions from the earth.” 
pQuimjs ana giimcm 
State Fair Premiums.— On next page we publish the 
awards made by the Committee on Discretionary Articles 
(No. 69.)—which, with what we have heretofore given, com¬ 
prises all the premiomsawarded at thereci nt N. Y State }'*i r 
We have thus given in the Rural by far the most complete and 
accurate list of the awards yet published (except that in the 
Society's Journal which has a very limited circulation. | and 
altogether the fullest report of the Di-cu-sions during the 
State Fair. Our airn 1ms been to give as complete ft history of 
the Fair as our space would permit, for the present informs, 
lion and future reference of the large number of IIin; a i. read¬ 
ers interested ; and if. in so doing, we incidentally benefit a 
a large number of exhibitor* who are neither subscribers nor 
advertisers no special harm will result. The publication of 
such award* as those given in this number is of course a 
“first rate advertisement" for almost every person named, 
yet we doubt whether the fact will be appreciated. Those 
who wish to reeognUo the obligation, however, can easily 
ascertain our terms of subscription and advertising I 
Sheet Book.—W ould you he so kind as to let me know 
where I can obtain a treatise on the care, culture and raising 
of sheep i That. is. the sheep that are common to our own 
State, such as the South Down, Merino and English sheep.— 
Henry M Weed, Oswego Co., N, Y. 
The “.Shepherd’s Own Book”—advertised in our list of 
Books for Kuralists—will probably “fill the bill” as near as 
any work now in print 
SAXnroRh 8 Farm Mtu,. — This mill has formerly been ad¬ 
vertised in the Rural. if I remember correctly, hut I forget 
the name of the manufacturer, and would like to HScerlatu 
TTcase advise nod confer a favor ou yours—A Constant 
Kkajikr, Huron Co., Ohio. 
It was advertised by II. L. Howard, of Buffalo, N. Y., and 
also by a New York Arm. We presume Mr. 11. can either 
furnish or advise you where it can be obtained. 
r now be 
ranked am jng the pennaiientiiistitiitionsof the land, 
I visited, not long since, the latest one established, 
and was exceedingly interested in its operations. It 
was the same one at which the monster cheese were 
made, which were exhibited at the late State Fair. 
Stopping over at Rome, a kind friend took me into 
his buggy and drove over to the establishment, 
which is situated in the town of Marcy, in Oneida 
coutiiy. 
The buildings consist ot a milk-house and press¬ 
room, and a curing-house. In the milk or curd- 
house there is five cheese-vats of the capacity of400 
gallons each, and themilk Cheated and curd scalded 
by means of steam generated in an upright boiler 
of the capacity for a two-horse engine, though I saw 
none attached. A large vat runs upon a railway to 
the press-room, and into this vat the curd is emptied 
from the scalding vats and cooled, aud salted, and 
run thence to the presses, four of which are ranged 
on each side of the track. 
The curing-house, where the cheese is cured and 
stored till sold, is a wooden building, 167 feet long 
by 27 wide, and. two stories high. It ia tight 
boarded or ceiled by matched boards and battened. 
It is not lathed or pastured inside — though subse¬ 
quent examination of a private dairy-house, and 
general observation, satisfies me (hat it would be 
a decided improvement to so finish the inside. 
On the upper floor is arranged eight rows of 
benches for cheese, running the whole length ol the 
room. Below are but seven, as more room is re¬ 
quired for some extra large cheese. The arrange¬ 
ment for curing and turning the cheese is very 
simple and worthy the adoption of all cheese- 
makers. It is patented, I understand, and must be 
seen to be fully appreciated. It cannot be expen¬ 
sive, and where cheese of any considerable size are 
manufactured will pay well to be adopted. 
At this establishment they have had the milk of 
90 J. cows through the season, and when I was there 
none of the cheese, or but few ot them, had been 
sold, and the building contained £50 averaging 
250 pounds each. Among them were six that ave¬ 
raged 1,000 pounds each, and ten that averaged 
700 lbs. A more beautiful sight in the cheese line I 
never saw before. The cleanliness of the establish¬ 
ment, and the uniform size and perfect appearance 
of the cheese, owing to the careful manner in which 
it had been handled, showed the perfection of the 
system, and the beneficial results derived from this 
division of labor. The milk is brought in from a 
circle of about, five miles, twice daily, morning and 
evening. It is measured and an account kept with 
each contributor, of the quantity. The factory does 
all the work till the cheese is boxed and delivered 
to the boat or cars, and charge* one cent per pound. 
Each contributor furnishes lus share of hogs and 
pays a weekly price for their care, and when meal 
or other food is bought, only the price it. costs at the 
factory is charged. The cheese being so uniform in 
size and make, brings the highest price In market, 
and bad been contracted to an English firm in Lon¬ 
don. at eleven cents per pound, and a chance at the 
aise. Private dairies were selling at nine cents, and 
some factories at ten cents, but this seemed to have 
been so skillfully managed that they took the high¬ 
est figures in the market 
Thus the stockholders gained nearly or quite two 
cents per pound on their cheese, over those who 
manufactured their own. The experiment has been 
so successful, and is looked upon with so much favor 
that throughout the cheese dairying region cheese 
factories will become the rule rather than the excep¬ 
tion. Already several are preparing for the next 
spring; one of at. least 1,000 cows has already been 
formed. L see no good reason why butter dairies 
might not imitate the same example, and carry their 
cream to a central point where it could be properly 
manufactured. The butler would bring a much 
higher price, and if properly made, command a 
ready market, 
Iu the flush ol' milk they employed five men and 
six girls, and the highest number of gallons for any 
one day was 2,140, and they obtain a pound of 
cheese from one gallon ol milk, a fact rather ques¬ 
tioned till the season is closed arid the whole amount 
of cheese sold and milk footed up—though there is 
no doubt as to the fact that the larger the cheese the 
less milk in proportion. 1 think the gentlemen who 
carry on the factory are Messrs. Tanner A Wil- 
Tiik Wool Grower and Stock Kvsistbr — Dear Sir.—] 
want to subscribe for tin* •* Wool Grower aud Stock Register J 
which I think is published by you i enclose twelve cents, to 
pay for one or two numbers, which please send, if you are 
the publisher. If you are not, semi me (he Rural New 
Yorker to the value of the stamps.—J. II. W. Goshen, Conn. 
The W. G. & S. R. is not now published. It was merged 
in the Rural New-Yorker several years ago. 
Discontinuance or Agricultural Journals. —The war 
has very seriously affected journalism, causing the suspension 
of many paper-—AgticuUural, Political and Literary. In pro 
portion to ite numbers the Agricultural Tress ha* borne the 
reverse nobly, yet » number of excellent journals—not well 
established or largely circulated—have been obliged to suc¬ 
cumb Several change* and suspensions hare already been 
noticed in Hie Rural, but some, of recent date, are worlhy 
of special mention The Ohio Fanner, of Cleveland, and 
Field Foies, of GoltWnbu*. Ohio—both weeklies—were merged 
some two months ago, as chronicled in this paper »t the time; 
but after the issue of a few numbers of the consolidated paper 
the enterprise was forsaken, and there is not now a weekly 
agricultural paper published in Ohio. We believe the pub- 
Ibdier, Cob b. D. Uarkis, proposes to continue th« Ohio Cul¬ 
tivator. uh n monthly, (ns w e sincerely hope he will be able to 
do.) though wv hare not seen a number of it for months (If 
it’# “going eight along.” a* wc trust, brother It will please 
send a copy this wav.] The last number of the Ohio Valley 
Farmer, (a monthly, in its seventh volume, published at 
Cincinnati ) announces its suspension, at least until the close 
of the rebellion. We believe this leave* hut one agricultural 
journal In a State which had six or sight two yeais ago—a snd 
failing off. and not lilglily Creditabl* to the farmers and horti¬ 
culturists of # region famous for its rural wealth and product 
iveness. It is probable, however, that bad the patronage 
divided among so many been concentrated upon one or two 
journal*, they would have been rendered eminently valuable 
and well sustained lie war to the contrary notwithstanding. 
The truth is that tiewspspwft of all classes multiplied too rap¬ 
idly during the ten years preceding the war—the number of 
papers and periodicals in the United Slate* in J8t>0 being 1020, 
while in IStlO it reached 2520. But the evil, if it is au evil, 
will correct itself during the war—for only the most valuable, 
meritorious and independent journals will bo well and perma¬ 
nently sustained. 
Devon Hurd Book. —Can the Rural, which seems to know 
everything, inform the witter whether a Devon Herd Book 
has been published tliis year ? By answering the inquiry you 
will no doubt oblige many, aud particularly —A Devon 
BukkdkR, Livingston Co., N. Y. 
We think no such work has been issued in the United States 
since 1869. Several volume* of Davy’s Devon Herd Book 
have been published in this country— 8a no roan HOWARD, of 
Boston, being tho American Kditor— hut none, wc believe, 
since the war commenced. 
Brktonne Cattle. —I have somewhere read (hat Bretonne 
cattle have been imported into thin country; that the cows are 
small, easily kept, and economical for city and village people 
who prefer good milk to the chalky and watery specimens of 
the lacteal fluid usually furnished by milkmen. Is such the 
tact, and if so can you throw any light on the subject ?—A 
KimscniBEtt, BuJ'eUo , A. Y. 
Wc have never seen any of tin: oattic referred to atony State 
or other Fairs, but learn that several were imported a year or 
two ago by R. L. Maitland, of Newport, R. I. They are 
said to be quite diminutive ia sire, but of fine form, easily- 
kept, and good milkers. 
A Horse that ICiok8 in tuk Harness. —Could you or 
some of your numerous readers tell me n sure and effectual 
remedy to cure a hors* that kicks in the harness ? I have a 
nice mare that will kick alter lying still a few days. She is 
high spirited, and has been awfully whipped by some one.— 
D . Sluawasse Co., Mich. 
Wc should work her more, or reduce her feed, or both. A 
good way to spoil a fine horse, or tempt him to be fractious 
wheu used, is to feed high and work hut little. Every heal¬ 
thy horse should bfl worked or exorcised daily. Some expe¬ 
rienced horseman, who knows v/koreofhe shall affirm, will 
please nnswer as to a more direct remedy for the vicious 
habit named. 
Winca is tub Best ?—We are often asked this question 
relative to various machines and articles offered the public, 
and not unfrequently at a loss to decide. And it seems 
from the awards of premiums at the recent State Fair that 
some of lire committees were equally unable to decide aa to 
which of several articles designed to accomplish a certain'ob¬ 
ject was superior. For example, w e observe—as have several 
who have inquired of us on the subject—that a number ot 
different clothes wringers are awarded the Society’s Diploma 
—usually considered a mark of the highest merit. It will bo 
seen by reference to list of awards on next page that Jtiu»8 
I vKS A Co , agents for the Universal Clothes Wringer, received 
a S. S lledal and Diploma— Howdk.n, Colbt St Co., for Col 
by’s Patent Clothes Wringer, a Diploma and 8. S. Medal—J. 
H Thcrper, for Amidon’s Improved Clothes Wringer, a Di¬ 
ploma— and two or three other parties leaser premiom*. Now 
the question is, which is the host clothes wringer, taking the 
awards &* a criterion 1 Is a S. A medal and diploma better 
than a diploma and^S. S. medal, or vice versa t Wo pause for 
a reply, us do some of the successful competitors, who are 
anxious to know whether it is best to blow their horns or 
keep silent. Perhaps the committee can relieve their anxiety 
In a recent issue of the Ru- 
Bowi.va Plaster on Clover, 
kal D. S. iuquircs concerning sowing plaster ou clover. Our 
experience, here in Wisconsin, prove* so far that plaster sown 
on young clover as soon as four leaves are formed ia tho best 
time. Our soil i» a heavy white day, and by sowing a bushel 
of Graud Haven (Mich.,) Plaster on four acres, the following 
year it will grow so large as to lodge flat to the ground, which 
said clover is only tit for pasture, as the expense of getting it 
in, and the poor quality of such coarse clover, docs not pay- 
tor hay. I sowed plaster on a light piece of clover the 10th of 
last Jane, by way of experiment, and will probably see the 
effects next spring, if so will report to the Rural. —O. B., 
Fond dn Lac, B’ri , 1802. 
Farm Mill, a —Will you or your readers who are qualified 
or hotli, give an opinion in regard to the best Farm Mill in use. 
1 want one for grinding feed for slock that can he worked by 
two horses. There arc many kinds in use. h«l I am not sutli 
eiently acquainted with their several merits to know which to 
purchase.— E. Snow, I'owclhUk Co-, Iowa- 
The above is a difficult question to answer, a= the most ex¬ 
perienced practical men disagree a* to the merits of the prom- 
ineut farm mills in use. In this Slate w e think the mill made 
and sold by Embry Bros., of Albany (Felton's Improved 
Farm Mill, if we remember correctly,) is as popular os any. 
It is a good tui'l for two horse power. The People's Mill, 
(Sanford's Patent,) alluded to in answer to another inquiry, has 
been much used but wc cannot say who is the manufacturer. 
The manufacturers of farm mills are evidently bound to hide 
their lights, as none of them advertise. 
It has been intimated in more 
than one paper, that those men who opposed Sir. 
Newton's appointment, were doing bo from inter¬ 
ested motives—that, they continued to pursue him 
because ot their own disappointment in not securing 
the position for themselves or their friends. lean 
only speak for myself iu this matter. And I refer 
to this subject here, not because of tho expressed 
suspicion in the above extract, for that is of little 
account, but because it affords me the opportunity 
to give the history ol my opposition to Mr. Newton. 
Early last spring when the different candidates 
were pressing their claims upon the attention of the 
President and Senate, a Western Member of Con¬ 
gress wrote me, asking tor the names of men emi¬ 
nently qualified for the position, position, assert¬ 
ing that the men most likely to prove successful 
— unless a strong opposition to them was organ¬ 
ized— were, utterly disqualified. He urged the 
importance of immediate and prompt action on the 
part of Agriculturists and the Agricultural Press. 
In response to that letter, I sent forward the fol¬ 
lowing names of gentlemen well known to agricul¬ 
turists. giving, according to my beet judgment, their 
relative qualifications for tbe responsible position of 
Head of the Bureau of Agriculture: Dr. John A, 
Kenntcott and John B. Turner of Illinois, J. 11. 
Klippakt of Ohio, and B. 1’. Johnson of New 
York. I also wrote to Western Senators, urging— 
not the claims of any particular individual —that it 
was a matter of great importance to the country 
that the interests of Agriculture, rather than the 
profit and pleasure of a politician, be regarded in 
the appointment to be made. 1 soon received reply 
that it, was a foregone conclusion that Isaac New¬ 
ton would be appointed and confirmed; and 1 have 
testimony enough in my possession ul the means 
used by Mr. Newton to secure that appointment, 
to damn anybody but a politician seeking it, and 
to teach me to distrust the ability of any man who 
respects himself, unless borne on the tided popular 
clamor, to secure it. 
It has been urged that it would be better to wait 
and see whether Mr. N. proves himself the man for 
the place. The reply is, thecountry is in no concition 
to pay for such experiments. Enough public money 
has already been squandered by incompetent agents 
and charlatans, in importing villainous weeds and 
noxious insects, and distributing the same over the 
country through the agency of corrupt and patroni¬ 
zing members of Congress. Instead of a reform in 
this matter are we to have this work continued ? Is 
Mr. Newton carefully catering to the whims and 
caprices and desires of these Congressional candi¬ 
dates for re-election? If not, some men do not tell 
the truth. If not, then is he changing the policy 
pursued by him when Chief Clerk in the Agricul¬ 
tural Department of the Patent Office. 
Effort is made to show that because he is u prac¬ 
tical farmer he is qualified for this high position. 
But because a man knows how to plow and sow and 
reap; because he maybe skilled in tbe management 
of a dairy farm—which are good qualifications, so 
far as they go — i' does not follow that ho possesses 
a general knowledge of the agriculture of the whole 
country which will qualify him pre-eminently to 
look after the varied industrial interests more or 
less directly connected with it. I am aware that 
Mr. Newton has called to his aid some of the most 
accomplished men, in their specialities, in the coun¬ 
try. So far it is well; and it may lie that the perse¬ 
cutions (!) of the press will result in making Mr. 
N. a most efficient officer I It is hoped so. 
What ark Pamir Consumers to Do ? asks the last issue of 
the Scientijic American, (for this week,) and adds:—“Owing 
to the soarcily of mgs for paper stock, and the high rate of 
foreign exchange, together with tbe scarcity of water to ope¬ 
rate paper mills, the price of paper has advanced 25 per cent, 
within ten day*. What paper consumers are to do is now a 
serious matter for tho consideration of publishers. If there 
is any substitute lor rags, which is destined to take tbe place 
of them in tbe making of paper stock, now is the time to 
bring the article forth,” 
It is important to both publishers and the book and news¬ 
paper reading public that some cheap substitute for rags 
should be used in tho manufacture of paper. And if the 
great advance in price of paper stock continues, substitutes 
for rags—such as straw, hemp, wood, bark etc.,—will soon be 
adopted with proper machinery atid chemicals for manufac¬ 
turing The proverbial genius of the “Universal Yankee 
Nation in the liue of disco very aud invention can bo dis- 
Of this amount New York raised 2,536,29.0, New 
Hampshire very nearly the same amount as in 1840, 
and Massachusetts about half as much. In I860 the 
total was 11,010,985 pounds, New‘York raising 9,655,- 
542 pounds, showing an increase in ten years of 
7,119,243 pounds. Vermont and Wisconsin alone, 
of all other States and Territories, raised over one 
hundred thousand pounds. 
The State showing the greatest decrease in pro¬ 
duction is Louisiana, which in 1840 raised 115 
pounds, and in 1860 but eight, Connecticut in the 
same period has fallen off four-iiflhs, and Massachu¬ 
setts more than one half The greatest increase in 
production has been iu the case ot Wisconsin, which 
in 1840 raised 133 pounds, and in 1860 135.5S7 
pounds. Vermont raises more than thirteen times 
the quantity reported in 1840, and New Hampshire 
but little more than one-hall as much. At the. West, 
Illinois has fallen off in twenty years more than 
half, while Indiana has more than doubled her pro¬ 
duct The Middle States, with the exception of 
New York, average very nearly the same as in 1840. 
The quantity of hops raised by New York in com¬ 
parison with the rest of the Union is immense. Her 
growth in 1860 was 9.655,542 pouuds, against 1.355,- 
443 pounds grown in the other thirty-six States and 
Territories. Three of our counties—Madison, Ot¬ 
sego, and Schoharie—each raise more hops than are 
crown in all the United States outside ol New York. 
Fattening Swine — Cooking Food for Stock. —What is 
the most economical method of making pork, ns to kind of 
feed and season of feeding t Does it pay to cook hog feed, 
and if so what is the best apparatus? Au auswer through the 
Kckai. is requested.— Young Farmer, Onondaga, F. Y. 
What would be the mint economical method of pork mak¬ 
ing in one locality might not be in another, a* there is much 
difference in cost of feed, as well as in climate, and oilier 
tilings affecting the expense and result. There is alao much 
difference in breeds of swine as regards the ca*e and cost of 
fattening— some of the improved breeds accumulating fat very 
rapidly, while others, (the thistle-digging, wind splitting, slab- 
sided and rutty varieties, for instance ) are hard subjects to 
make pork of with the best feed and attention, in your local¬ 
ity wc should first secure a good breed, and commence- feeding 
early in tbe season, the latter part of summer It Is generally 
considered economical to feed sound corn, and if it is a year 
old the better ;—but in deciding as to the kiud and quality of 
feed, its cost, and the probable price which your pork will 
bring, should be taken into consideration. It will pay to cook 
feed for swine—especially if potatoes, pumpkins, &c., are fed 
—and to feed regularly, and keep lings comfortable and clean. 
We suppose Pkjndlk’8 Agricultural Caldron to be an econom¬ 
ical apparatus for cooking food for all kinds of stock. 
ANew Dish Discovered nr England.— Our readers will 
smile on reading this extract from the London (England) cor¬ 
respondence of an American exchange:—“ Everybody ia just 
now running to the Exhibition, or rather to its refreshment 
department, in order to taste a new dish, which has already 
become a speciality, and wliieb people of all classes are going 
mad about. Air- MoliRISH has given it the name of the 
; white pudding,' and various scientific recipes for ite con¬ 
struction have already been published. Most of them state 
that its chief component is ‘Maizena,’—some 6ay ‘Indian 
corn 1 (to distinguish it from wheat, which alone is called com 
in tliis country.) It ia pronounced 1 one of the most econom¬ 
ical as well as one of the pleasantest of foods, and is alike 
suited for the young, who much enjoy it and for their seniors, 
to all of whom it is most relishable.’ Another says * it ia ex¬ 
ceedingly excellent for food, aud can only be made in perfec¬ 
tion from L Duryea’s Maizeua,’ of which there are samples in 
the American Department of the Exhibition.’ What do you 
suppose this magnificent dish is, just now filling the months 
of English men, women, and children ? Notlring more nor 
less than Yankee Hasty J'uddiug !” 
Plowing Wet (.round iu the Fall. 
S. Edwards Todd communicates Ike following 
seasonable article through the Country Gentleman: 
“As farmers cannot complete all their underdrains 
in one year, nor usually in ten years, there is a mode 
of plowing wet fields in autumn, which will improve 
very much the friability of the soil, and thus be the 
means of producing a much larger and better crop 
the next season, than when plowing is performed iu 
the usual way. The first consideration is to lay out 
the lands for plowing, up and down the slope, as 
nearly as may be. The slope is sometimes in a 
diagonal direction across the field, and sometimes a 
field docs not all slope in one direction. But where 
Tuk Agricultural Statistics of Ireland, recently pub¬ 
lished for the current year, (says a foreign exchange,) show a 
decrease in the live stock of the country since 1S81, by nearly 
10,000 horses, 220,000 cattle, aud 100,000 (beep. Pigs b» ve 
increased 50,000. Tbe value of the live stock is on the whole 
less by £1,500,000. This is attributed to the distress conse¬ 
quent on scarcity, which has induced excessive sales. Tho 
average in grain of all kinds is less by 72,000, that in Potatoes 
alone being less by 11C.00O acres. 
Agents and others disposed to aid in maintaing and aug¬ 
menting the circulation of the Rural are requested to read 
announcements, notices, etc., on 7th and 8th pages. 
