TWO DOLLARS A YEAR,] 
PROGRESS A3STD IMPROVEMENT.' 
[SING-LE NO . FIYK CENTS. 
VOL. xm. NO. 48. s 
ROCHESTER, N. V.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 1862. 
I WHOLE NO. 672. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 
THK LEADING AMERICAN WKKKI.Y 
RURAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributors, 
CHA8. D. BBAODON. Western CorrespondinK Editor. 
The Kckal Nrw-YORKRR is designed to be unsurpassed in 
Value. Purity, Usefulness and Variety of Contents, and unique 
and beautiful in Appearance. Its Conductor devotes his per¬ 
sonal attention to the supervision of its various department*, 
and earnestly labor- to render tbe RUSAL ati eminently Reliable 
Guide on all the important Practical, Scientific and other 
Subjects intimately connected ivith the business of those whose 
interest* it jealously advocates. An a Family Journal It is 
eminently Instructive and Entertaining — being 90 conducted 
that it can tie safely taken to the Hearts and Homes of people 
of intelligence, taste and discrimination. It embraces more 
AgTlcnltnrai, Horticultural, Scientific, Educational, Literary 
and News Matter, interspersed with appropriate and beautiful 
Engravingit than any other journal,— rendering it 'he most 
complete Aiikioultoral, Lit kraut a no Family Ns vspapkr 
in America. 
fc3s r ‘ For Terms and other particulars, see last pr. re. 
WINTER’S LABORS AND DUTII 3. 
_jb 
The season of bleak winds and falling snows — 
the general hibernation of Nature — has again 
arrived, and with its advent the farmer must 
assume peculiar cares, duties, and responsibilities. 
Though a war of internecion rages over a large 
portion of our National domain, the Home Guards 
of the Republic — the Producing Classes—have 
similar labors to perform as in years of peace ami 
quietude. Those who remain at home, indeed, 
have more to do than formerly for they must not 
only look after (he welfare of their families, (seeing 
alike to their physical comfort anil mental improve¬ 
ment and progress,) and the care of domestic 
animals, protection of implements, &c., but also to 
new and responsible duties which the crisis of the 
counfry devolves upon every citizen who would 
perpetuate the Union and its institutions. The 
annual season of leisure and recreation must there¬ 
fore be trenched Open to some ex lent, and instead 
of whiling away the usually monotonous days and 
longs evenings of Winter in comparative ease, if 
not absolute idleness, as many do, each right-think¬ 
ing husbandman will labor more, aud experience 
greater anxiety, than in former years. Many are 
short of help and will consequently be under the 
necessity of giving more •personal attention to the 
care of stock aud oversight of premises, for their 
eons or hired men have gone to the war, while 
economy will induce others to attempt and accom¬ 
plish what Ihey formerly delegated to laborers 
Indeed, many a farmer is like a ship-maslor at sea 
without a crew, and must act In different capacities 
— as captain, supercargo, pilot, helmsman, and 
sailor —for the ship has too valuable a cargo to 
be wrecked while a mau of brains and muscle is 
aboard. 
Rural reader, how is it with you? Are you 
ready lor Winter, with its long month* of storms 
and snow and ice? It aye, “ all right”—but if you 
have not. already made due preparation, bestir 
yourself and take by the forelock what time remains 
before the earth becomes frost-bound. The first 
duty of rural residents is to secure their homes 
against the rigors of Winter — especially those 
whose “local habitation*” are north of Mason & 
Dixon’s line, as is ihe Cato with most of our pavish- 
oncra. Make, every thing tight — windows, doors, 
cellars; point the underpinning with mortar where 
it is loose aud bank Up with earth if the walls are 
doubtful. Carefully guard each and every avenue 
at which frost will be likely to make an entrance. 
Bear in mind that “delays are dangerous” at this 
Benson, and it will not be. safe lo follow the apparent 
rule of some good people,—viz., to do nothing to¬ 
day which can be done to-morrow I Make every 
thing right, indoors and out— especially the wood- 
pile and those other essentials to comfort and con¬ 
venience (your wife, reader, can readily enumerate 
them, if you forget,) which gave yourself and family 
time and trouble. Taxes are likely to be high 
enough, without putting auy extras on temper and 
patience, particularly during the prevalence of a 
frigid temperature. 
“Mind” the tools and implements or they will 
not be in order and at your command in the spring. 
With hundreds of thousands of men in the army, 
we must depend largely upon labor-saving imple¬ 
ments arid machines, aud cannot afford to allow them 
to rust or rot fur the want of a little timely attention; 
but they must be protected from the decay aud 
dilapidation which naturally result from exposure 
to alternate storm and sunshine. In the present 
condition of the country it will pay —aye, it is a 
bouijden duly— to spend more time than usual in 
protecting, repairing and arranging for future use 
the various farm implements. Paint and shelter, 
remember, are great essentials in the preservation 
of all sorts of tools, implements, machines, wagons, 
etc., and the present is the most appropriate season 
to give such matters attention. The best time to 
pay money is when it ia due, and the best time to 
see to implements, and care for other things, is the 
moment when they need attention. See, therefore, 
that your mowers, reapers, plows, drills, harrows, 
cultivators, cradles, scythes, rakes, wagons, carts, 
and lesser implements aud tools, are all under cover 
and made ready for the Spring campaign. Every 
farmer should have a good tool-house, and devote a 
portion of his Winter’s leisure to putting its con¬ 
tents “ to rights." 
Domestic Animals require special care at the 
present season. All who would not have hides or 
carcasses for sale in the Spring — or who are op¬ 
posed to using bone manure of their own manufac¬ 
ture—should give their stock proper attention in 
the beginning of Winter. It is false economy to 
attempt to winter more stock than you can keep in 
good condition. Decide what you can aud will do, 
and if you Iced the best your barn and granary 
affords you will not probably be any poorer — and 
certainly the animals wont. Indeed, keep the four- 
looted tenants of your barn and sheep yards and hog 
sty in good heart now If you would winter them 
easily or fatten them readily. If you must do auy 
pinching wait till spring or as near it as possible. 
If animals become poor early in winter it will be 
an up-hill to keep them alive until grass grows, and 
cost more, in the end, than it would to have given 
them proper care and feed from the “ ides of Novem¬ 
ber” to May-day. In case forage is scarce make the 
most of what you have by using a feed cutter aud 
other modes of economy. Coarse hay, straw and 
corn-stalks go much further when cut, and even the 
best of bay is increased in value by this operation. 
If grain is fed let it be ground and mixed with cut 
straw, and the whole moistened with water. It is a 
good plan to use apples, pumpkins aud the different 
roots as sauce with the dry tedder usually given 
animals in winter. But it is necessary to give water 
us well as feed. Every barn-yard ahtmld be sup¬ 
plied, if possible, so that each animal may have 
what is required for its health and comfort. Where 
springs or streams are available water should be 
conveyed to lho stock-yard; wood pipe is cheap and 
durable, and water rums are not expensive. In 
cases where water cannot be thus obtained it is a 
good plan to have cisterns which receive water from 
the barn and shed roofs — attention to which item 
will pay good dividends. 
Speaking of barns and sheds—arc yourB in order? 
Have you ample barn and shed room for your 
stock? If not, see to the matter now. As we have 
said aforetime, sheds may be built of boards, poles 
or rails, and straw, which will keep off many a 
shivering blast of sleet, and shelter sheep and cattle 
about as well as more cosily structures—for the 
winter. When built of rails make double walls 
and till them with straw, which may also bo used as 
a thatch; or evergreen houghs, when convenient, 
form an excellent substitute. If you cannot have a 
permanent protection make a temporary one, of 
some sort, by all means. 
— But Farmers must exercise their minds as well 
as muscles; and in these times brain-power must be 
brought into requisition, if ever. They must figure 
aud plan for the future in order to keep puce with 
the times and progress of those whose minds aud 
thoughts ami actions are bent, on improvement in 
fact, farmers should become business men, — know 
how to market and sell their products to the best 
advantage, us well as to raise them profitably. The 
farmer who grows and secures a large crop of corn, 
wheat, barley, nr oats, should watch the market 
reports and post himself as to prospects, before he 
can dispose of it intelligently. However, we will 
not stop to discuss this subject, important as it is, 
but leave it with the remark that few farmers who 
do notread and think act wisely in the matter. 
One thing more and we will have done with these 
hastily-penned suggestions. Every Ruralist should 
regard the Intellectual Improvement and Enter¬ 
tainment of himself and family. For his own ben¬ 
efit he should not only obtain and read useful and 
practical works which treat upon matters pertaining 
to his calling, but, attend the discussions of the 
Farmers’ Club of his neighborhood, and participate 
therein—aud if there is no Club, see that one is 
organised. Make proper provision also for the edu¬ 
cation of your sons and daughters. Provide suita¬ 
ble text and Other books, Olid see that competent 
teachers are employed to guide them in obtain¬ 
ing knowledge. Last, not least, do not, neglect 
suitable reading for the bourn circle — remembering 
that wives and children require mental aliment aud 
entertainment as well as husbands and fathers. 
Good books and periodicals are accessible to all, 
and it is poor economy to discard them from the 
family circle, for they pay in every sense of that 
comprehensive expression. Supply yourself with 
some of the best journals, and after securing them 
iniroduce the same to the favorable notice of neigh¬ 
bors and acquaintances. The Agricultural Press, 
aud standard Agricultural Books, will furnish much 
matter for study and reflection. Read them carefully 
and critically, arid if errors in theory or practice are 
discovered, communicate what you know to be cor¬ 
rect for publication. If lho Ruka l is a favorite with 
you—as we trust is the case—wiito lbr its pages the 
results of your criticisms, observation, and experi¬ 
ence for the information and guidance ol Ihe 
thousands of readers who seek instruction from 
competent sources, and always cheerfully receive 
truth and knowledge. 
WESTERN EDITORIAL NOTES. 
1 THE BEST TURNIP. 
Almost every other man has, or has heard 
of, the best turnip. One of my friends in Onon¬ 
daga Co., who is always frying to get the best, and 
is a good judge in such matters, says the White 
Waldo Turnip is the best one that cau be grown for 
feeding stock or for cooking in the kitchen. He 
says it is as crisp and brittle as fresh celery the 
June after harvest, and as sweet and palatable as 
they are crisp and brittle. Says Ihey should not 
be planted until June; and then right where it is 
desired they shall grow. They do not do as well, 
nor grow as large nor of as good quality if trans¬ 
planted. 
HOW TO GET NORTHERN SPY3. 
Many people know how; some have not yet 
learned. The friend above referred to had. He 
has an orchard of this fruit. He. had waited a long 
time for the trees to bear him a crop. They didn’t. 
He determined they should, and in August, and Sep¬ 
tember be got some small cord and tied it closely 
about some of the main limbs of each tree. The 
next season his trees bore on the limbs thus treated; 
all the fruit he desired, of excellent quality and 
size. He says cord is better than wire, or anything 
else he has ti led lor this purpose. The trees are in 
nowise damaged thereby, I walked through the 
orchard. It was difficult, to distinguish the marks of 
the cord. Few would have noticed it, in passing. 
He no longer mourns for fruit. 
GA8 TAR ON SEED CORN AND TREES. 
“It, is death to the corn; it kills the germ in nine 
cases out, of ten.” Such is the testimony of a gentle¬ 
man, with whom I chanced to be talking, in an 
orchard where the fanner bad used it, on his trees to 
prevent the asceutof caterpillar and mts. He had 
simply made a narrow nog about the body of the 
ireo with the far, and it had proved effectual; he 
was commending it, when I received the above tes¬ 
timony as to its effect upon corn. The entire seed 
of large fields had been destroyed. 
GRAFTING IN AUGUST AND SEP TIMBER. 
With a friend, I visited the neatly-kept and thor¬ 
oughly-cultivated grounds of E. S. Salisbury, at 
Adams, Jefferson county, N. Y. On the bank of 
the Big Sandy he is growing grapes successfully, 
pears ditto, aud other fruit. 
Mr. S. is a practical nurseryman; hence what he 
recommends is entitled to some attention.' He 
called my attention to pear grafts, which he said he 
had inserted the 20th of last August, and which had 
then (Oct. loth) made six inches growth, lie 
grafts pears, apples, cherries, aud grapes with 
success at this season. He whip-grafts, using 
waxed cloth to tie with. He has' found that the 
shorter the scion the better, lie regards it per¬ 
fectly safe to graft, in that latitude, from the 20th of 
August to the 20th of September. The advantages 
are, that grafting can bo doue during a period of 
comparative leisure and with less liability to error. 
The orchardist can cut his scions from the fruit¬ 
bearing tree without auy danger of mistake, aud 
insert, it where he chooses. The season is a pleasant 
one in which to do this work. The knowledge of 
this practice muy be of service to some one. 
THE WIFE OF JOHN MILLER. 
Stopping at Syracuse a few honrs, a friend chanced 
to speak of the vineyard of John Miller. Ex¬ 
pressing a desire to see it, he accompanied me 
thither. We found John Miller's wile at home— 
a lively, go-ahead Swiss woman, accustomed to 
training the vine in her own free home-land. We 
were Cordially welcomed, and shown over the acre- 
homestead. Most of ihal part of the acre not occu¬ 
pied by the house and out-buildings, was planted in 
grapes. The acre comprised the two sides of a 
umtow ravine at its apex, with a north-eastern and 
south - western exposure. The Isabella, Clinton, 
aud Catawba, arc cultivated. Stake culture is 
adopted — the Swiss mode of training predomi¬ 
nating. The renewal system is adopted—a good, 
strong cane being grown from the sumo root each 
year to replace the fruit-bearing cane. On the side 
of the raviuc having a south-western exposure, the 
vines are planted very close—at least within three 
feet of each other. “ Are they not too cluse?” I 
asked. “ Nuy,” the good woman said, “they bears 
well—they’s get sun, and are not trained high, ye 
see.” They wore not much over lour feet high. 
I She had trellised grapes; but they neither bore as 
bountifully, nor did they ripen as well as on the 
stakes, wiih Ihe severer pruning the latter received. 
The Catawbas were the best ripened I have seen the 
present season. The only fault to be found with 
the vines was, that they were allowed to bear too 
full. Mrs. Miller told me there were about 1.200 
vines on the acre—three and four years old. She 
sold $70 worth of grape* from the vines in 1861; has 
sold about one tun the present season; uud at the 
time ot my visit, there were certainly 1.000 pounds 
on the vines. This woman has taken exclusive care 
of this vineyard, keeping the ground clean, tying 
up, and pruning the vines, pinching off’ the fruit; 
and she said she should lay each cane down and 
cover it this fall. She covers the canes from four to 
six inches deep with earth. I asked if it. was neces¬ 
sary to cover so deep. She replied, “I tink so; I 
have better look (luck) when I do so.” That is 
what one woman does on the rich hillsides of Onon¬ 
daga. 
One thing more. She called my attention to the 
difference in the growth of the vines at the base and 
on the top of the hillside. Rank and green was 
the foliage at the base, with little fruit; while high 
up the sides of the ravine there was less growth of 
vino and foliage, and more fruit, I asked if she 
thought the ground rich enough at the top. “ Yes, 
and I no manure It much, either; at, the bottom too 
rich.” There are many vine growers in the Empire 
State who have learned, with sundry Englishmen 
and some Westerners, that it does not pay to feed 
the grape too many dead horses, dogs, hogs, or 
“ other cattle.” 
-*. . » ■ ,- 
WHITTLING SHINGLES.* 
PROF FCMPSTOCK AND HIS "GREAT DISCOVERY!' 
Soknk. —Mr. Pi.ihyiianpi.e's house, and in a room which 
John calls his snuggery, being part library and some barn, for 
lie lias various samples of wheat, oats, barley and corn on the 
straw or on the car. and heads fastened on pasteboard aud 
hung up. A sort of granary, for he has samples of all sorts 
of seeds, and grain in vials, paper boxes and glass jars, and 
upon the whole a f ee and ea-y sort of a room, for he whittles 
and smokes, and writes, or reads, or lakes a snooze, and no¬ 
body to make lilt' afraid lur the broom never comes Inside 
till he is out of sight of the house. 
Timk.—A fler tea, aud just as the twilight begins to aetin. 
Position.—John in his big arm chair, with one leg on the 
window sill, and the other there too when not In the chair. 
The Editor, perched upon a sort of lounge whose cushion is 
the soft, side of a pine plunk, painted, w ith a bag of wool for 
a bolster. Both with knives and shingles—the Editor’s 
shingle taking the shape of a sharp stick. 
Editor.— So i want me to go with you to hear 
Prof. Pumpstock’s lecture to-night? 
John .—\ r es. I ain told it’s a very important one, 
and that we sunll got some very valuable informa¬ 
tion. Probably a little of it won’t, hurt even you. 
Editor.— Complimentary, John; which do you 
mean, the lecture or the valuable information? By 
the way, Pumpstock is not so bud a name, tor the 
Professor evidently understands the science of 
extracting the dimes from the people’s pockets, 
tor- 
John. —For making known one of the greatest 
discoveries of the age, which is- 
Editor. —Yes, which is. that farmers, of ail others, 
like to be humbugged. Why, John, the bug will 
come right under your nose, and lay, and batch, and 
empty your pockets—and still you will go on and 
let him do the same again and again. Indeed, you 
will get angry to have auy body try to keep it away, 
John.— It’s all very well (or you to call anything 
you don't happen to comprehoud a humbug. But, 
after all, other folks may know Borne thiugs as well 
as you. 
Editor.—Granted, good John. But what have 
you to say about this man. It seems he puts every 
body who goes in through a course of sproutB— 
swearing to secresy, alter getting his two dollars. 
John .—Well, to begin with, here’s the Screwtown 
News and Weekly Gas-Blower, and you will of 
course admit thateditorialsare always to be received 
as law and gospel. 
■Editor,—Humph! But go on; let us hear the 
editor of the Gas-Blower. By the way, where is 
Screwtown? 
John,— Oh, out, West somewhere. It sayB:—“ We 
have rarely listened to a richer treat than the very 
able and admirable lecture delivered last evening 
by ProG Pumpstock, to a very large audience, com¬ 
posed mostly of the sturdy and intelligent farmers 
iu and about our town. The subject was Terra 
Culture, and as some of our readers may not be 
well posted in German, we would just premise that 
Terra means earth, so that the subject was Earth 
Culture. 
Editor.— Terra is German, is it? 
John .—Why, yes. dou’t the editor say so, and he 
ought to know. 
Editor— Well, wi.-dom is a great institution. But 
is that, all? 
John. —Oh, no; he is not quite out yet. Beads :— 
“It will be seen by an advertisement in our col 
umns, that the Professor proposes to lecture next 
Wednesday, at Boggy Hollow, if a class can be 
secured. From our limited knowledge of such sub¬ 
jects we may not be a safe judge, but it does seem 
to us that every farmer will miss it who does not 
patronize the Professor.” What do you say to 
that? 
Editor. —Simply that tin* fellow who wrote that 
article is a trump—and that the advertisement ac¬ 
counts for the milk iu the cocoa-nut, 
John.— Well, as you are iu the business, you ought 
to know. 
Editor. —Your stick’s getting sharp, John. But 
is that all? 
John,—By no means, for here's his advertisement, 
and more than a cart-load of puffs iu his favor. 
Editor. —Gas, you mean. Let us hear some of it 
* Iu our last number a correspondent asked what, had be 
come of Yliijor Plowhandlr. Since then we have bad a call 
from the Major, and are happy in being able to say he ia hale 
and hearty—having repented of some of hi* former heresies, 
such as a belief in Prof PcurSTOOK S theory for example 
Learning this we were reminded of an article on t.he subject 
originally published some seven years ago, which we now 
give for the benefit of all interested in the matter it discusses. 
John reads;—“ Prof. Pumpstock, H. M. B. G., 
A. S. S., Ac., &c., presents his compliments to the 
inhabitants of Boggy Hollow, and its vicinity, and 
begs to inform them that if a suffiolenf class is 
formed by Wednesday next, he will deliver a lec¬ 
ture on his wonderful discoveries in Agriculture, at 
the basement of the Brick Church. As Prof. P. 
gets no other compensation for his great discovery 
than what is paid by his hearers, and as he does not 
yet propose to make if, public, be charges each per¬ 
son two dollars, and requires them to pledge their 
honor not to make any divulgence of the lecture. 
No women or children admitted. Prof. P. begs 
leave to further state, that his lectures are always 
attended by the most respectable and intelligent 
people in the vicinity. See testimonials below.” 
Editor.— Put your finger down there, John. His 
handbill here is substantially like the one read. 
John. —Yes, except place and date. 
Editor.— Well, the most intelligent and the most 
respectable people attend, don’t they, John? Per¬ 
haps that has nothing to do with your going; per¬ 
haps you do not want to be considered in that cate¬ 
gory. 
John.— Suppose I do or don’t, wbat/s that to do 
with the lecture? Why don’t you let me go on with 
his recommendations? Perhaps when you have 
heard them you will go. 
Editor.— Go on, by all means. 
John reads:—" Opinions of the Press. From the 
iY. Y. Scribune : ‘Prof. Pumpstock’s wonderful dis¬ 
covery entitles him to the everlasting gratitude of 
the world. If the farmers were not so stupid, they 
would avail themselves of it, at once, and put an 
end to those high prices and dull times.’” 
“ From the Western Loeomoiive and Daily Cow- 
Hmasher: ‘Is there no way to compensate Prof. 
Pumpstock, so that his truly wonderful discovery 
may yet be made available to the whole country? 
If he should die now, the loss would Vie irreparable. 
We shudder when we think of the possible conse¬ 
quences.’ ” 
“From the American Flag and Weekly Eagle." 
Editor.— Look out now. 
John reads:—“We should not blame Prof. Pump- 
stock if he left his ungrateful country forever. If 
such a discovery had been made in any govern¬ 
ment in Europe, the King would have raised him 
to the highest honors. It speaks well for the Pro¬ 
fessor, that his patriotism keeps him among us. 
After all, where on this globe ia there such a coun¬ 
try as ours?" 
Editor. —Pretty good. But, John, you have piled 
on a plenty of newspaper agony. Any thing else? 
John .—Why, bless your shingle, here is half a col¬ 
umn more. Ah! here’s something j6at comes to the 
point at once. Reads: “We ( •: undersigned, do 
hereby certify that we attended Prof. Pumpstock’s 
lecture on the great discuf-.ry be has made, and are 
entirely satisfied, and h» v6 no doubt every person 
attending will bo as well satisfied as we were.” 
Editor. —Is that signed by anybody? 
John reads:—“Peter Simple, John Smith, Samuel 
Sled, lubabod Cartwheels.” 
Editor.— That will do. I am entirely satisfied. 
But, do you really mean to go? 
John .—Of course I do, though I muBt say this 
secresy business does not exactly suit me, for I got 
caught once beautifully,—you would say humbug¬ 
ged. 
Editor .—How was it.? 
John. —Won t you let it out if T tell you. 
Editor.— Tight as a drum, good John. 1 won’t 
say a word about you, any more than I would about 
myself. 
John. —Well, a few years ago, I had a large num¬ 
ber of hogs, aud they were the most unmitigated 
rooters I ever saw. 1 put rings into their snouts, 
Imt it was no go, or rather no stop, for the season 
was wet, and they would root up everything they 
came to. One day 1 stood by the road fence look¬ 
ing at their operations, very much out of humor, 
and I said l would give a dollar to know something 
to stop them. “ Wall,” said a fellow, so close to me 
that 1 fairly jumped one side, “1 sort o’calkilate, 
eup'n, I’ve got the very thing you want. But it’s a 
patent secric.” “I will do as 1 said,” said 1, "1 will 
give a dollar to know how to keep my hogs from 
rooting, and have them run in the field.” “Will 
you throw in the dinner,” said he. “Yes,” said I, 
“if it's a good thing I won’t mind that.” “Wall,” 
said he, “my patent anti-bog-rooter is one of the 
thing", and no mistake. But you must pledge your 
sacred word and honor never to tell anybody.” 
“Yes,” I told him, and so the promise was made in 
all solemnity. The fellow pulled out a stout string 
from bis pocket, tied a slip-noose at one end and a 
piece of rubber iu the middle. “Now,” said he, 
this is a real anti-hog-.rooter you see it’s as simple 
as an old shoe, only more so, and everybody likes 
it that have used it.” 
Editor. —Nothing remarkable in that, I’m sure. 
John .—Hold on a bit. I called up the hogs for 
him to put it on one. “ Oh. no occasion for that," 
said he; “ I will give you this for a pattern, and you 
can make up a lot by it..” “But,” said I, “how is it 
to be applied?” “Wall,” said he, “just catch your 
hog, and put this sliper-noose round bis tail, close 
up, and tie the other end into the ring in his nose: 
be sure and get the right length. The rubber will 
stretch so that he can get his head to the ground, 
but if he goes to root, up comes his hind legs,—and, 
