T 
j£**U 
i.aajftjuio- (JUNVENTION AT OTTAWA. 
]Coneluded from second column >tf preceding page.] 
The memnnal fa based upon fht* following ideas, so 
tar as f could gather ibem from a cursory glance: 
That our material resources are equal to any 
demand thut may he made upon them to supply the 
needs of (he government; that we lmye the enter¬ 
prise and skill necessary to make them available to 
the government; that tv reliable circulating medium 
Ot iimlorm value in all parts of the country, in 
n orb ihe entire people shall be alike interested, 
and in winch they Fhal) have confidence, is neees- 
sarr: that the present banking system does not fur- 
nt>ti tt; Iriat tin* people have no interest, or confi¬ 
dence in the present circulating medium: that it is 
only a source n| disappointment, loss and oppres¬ 
sion and a clog upon the prosperity of the indus¬ 
trial interests of the country; that it,'is dearly the 
rightful prerogative of the national government to 
furnish this medium to the people; that the pxer- 
eise of this power !>v State® conveys the idea of 
separate, independent nationalities, and thus tends 
to weaken the bond of Federal union, /Win - The 
rate or amount of interest paid on the public debt 
is more important to (he present generation than 
the amount of iht* principal: for they will have to 
lie taxed lor the payment of (ho interest, while the 
principal may possibly be left to future generations, 
when prosperity will have probably been restored, 
population increased, and the basis of taxation 
extended. The present high rate (6 to 7 3-10 per 
cent ) offered on the government securities is there¬ 
fore hignly objectionable. But the still greater 
objection fo thf> of* 11)680 high rates by the 
government is, that it will advance the rates on all 
business transactions and permanent enterprises, 
and thereby retard the development of our nntural 
resources, without which we cannot be self-sustain¬ 
ing WH independent as a nation. That the taxa¬ 
tion i.o which w« must necessarily submit, will prove 
a severe ordeal for our democratic institutions; 
hence the importance of rendering the burthen ns 
nirbl.as possible. That, there is neither necessity 
nor justice in paving (he interest on government 
In our last we gave a portion of an interesting 
paper presented by J. A. Warper, of Cincinnati, 
at the last meeting of the American Pomological 
Society, on Orchard Culture in the West. Our for¬ 
mer extracts were confined to the treatment of trees 
the first five or six years after planling. and we 
now give a section on the after culture of orchard 
trees: 
When the orohard has acquired a sufficient growth, 
and assumes its condition of maturity and fruit¬ 
bearing, it no longer so imperatively requires to be 
cultivated, and is somewhat better if let alone; 
having been laid down to clover, or clover and 
orchard grass, it should be made use of as a hog- 
walk. No other stock should ever be permitted to 
set hoof upon the soil appropriated to the orchard. 
The swine alone should be allowed to pasture it, 
and to consume the fallen fruit, thus destroying 
immense numbers of insects, they will keep these 
pests in check. They will distribute their drop¬ 
pings over the surface, and they may even be 
allowed to root in the soil, to some extent, wiih their 
snouts. Should weeds make their appearance, they 
may be mowed and left upon the ground, or thrown 
about the trees as a mulch; bur, with the close 
planting that is now generally recommended, and 
sometimes practiced, and with the low-headed trees 
that arc so very much preferred by all who have had 
an opportunity of observing their advantages, there 
is really little space left for any crop among the 
trees, except grass, and this will scarcely grow 
beneath them, in the thick shade of their depend¬ 
ing boughs. 
Shall an old orchard ever be plowed? is a ques¬ 
tion often asked by those who have neglected their 
trees, or who have fallen heirs to orchards of the 
old style, with tall trunks, aud long naked branches, 
furnished only with a brush of decrepit spray at 
their extremities, while their roots are starved 
beneath an old sod that has been tramped and pas¬ 
tured for years. Under these circumstances, the 
trees producing an excess of blossoms and fruit, 
having ceased, to make any thrifty wood growth, 
may need a thorough cultivation, as well asasevere 
pruning, to invite a reproduction of healthy wood 
and lbliago. The damage that ensues from break¬ 
ing the roots is then more than over-balanced, by 
the renewed vigor that ensues. A thorough prun- 
Gather the water cresses when fully grown; lay 
them in a cool, dry place for two hours. Beat the 
whites of live eggs an hour; pour them over the 
cresses and flavor to taste, This recipe is excellent, 
and I flatter myself is also original. 
A Friend op the Rural. 
Oak Forest, 1S02, 
Dear Rural Cresses: —Having noticed an 
inquiry in your valuable paper about preparing 
water cresses for the (aide, l give my method, (a- 
an answer is solicited,) which is simply to serve 
them up with salt aud vinegar, (/as lettuce is pre¬ 
pared.) or as any one fancies. 
Seasoning Sausage Meat. — I will give you 
a recipe for seasoning sausage meat, as the time 
is approaching when such iuformation will not be 
out of place. To 50 pounds of meat add 5 oz. ol 
pepper, 2 cz. of sage, and 1 pint of salt. This, 1 
think, is a good recipe. Ct w . <: 
Hendon, N. Y., 1862. 
Cakes and Cookies.— Having been benefited by 
your Domestic Economy, I must contribute my 
mite for the benefit of others. The following 
recipes I know to be good: 
Snow Cake.— Two cups sugar, 1 cup of butter, 1 
cup milk, 3 cups flour. Add the whites of 8 eggs 
beaten to a froth; 2 teaspoons cream tartar rubbed 
in the flour; I teaspoon soda dissolved in the milk. 
Sponge Cake.— 12 eggs, 1 pound granulated sugar 
and the weight, of 6 eggs Lu dour. Add the flour last. 
Cookies.— Two cups of sugar; 8 of a cup of butter; 
3 eggs; 3 tablespoons milk, in which dissolve 4 tea 
spoon soda. Mix soli, as possible, and roll sugar on 
the top before cutting out. p_ r. 
farmer should have a good garden, well laid out 
for convenience in working, and so treated that 
it will produce the choicest of vegetables aud fruits 
in abundance. There is no good reason why 
tanners should be deprived of the luxuries which 
they can obtain so cheaply. More than once have 
we seen farmers carrying homo from some village 
or city market a few heads of cauliflower or celery, 
while we were satisfied they had land enough, and 
had wasted time enough during the season, to have 
grown an abundant supply. Not only farmers, but 
residents of villages and those who live in the 
suburbs ot cities, should, in all cases where possible, 
grow summer vegetables and small fruits, both as a 
matter ot economy and recreation. It is, therefore, 
with great pleasure, we receive and answer inquiries 
similar to the above. 
The most effectual way of mellowing the soil to a 
good depth is with the spade, and this method is 
called trenching. It is also about as economical as 
any plan for small lots, and where teams and plows 
would have to be hired; but the farmer with the 
common and subsoil plow may loosen the ground a 
good depth at a much less cost. The first work in 
the preparation of the garden, is to secure good 
drainage. This should never be neglected. After 
this is secured aud the proper drains are laid, deep 
tillage and liberal manuring is all the preparation 
the soil needs lo fit it to produce the largest possible 
crops of superior vegetables. The farmer Fhould 
arrange bis grounds so far as possible to admit the 
use of horse labor, and therefore should never mix 
small fruits, vegetables, Ac., together, as is some¬ 
times admissable in village gardens. 
Three l'eet, is a very good depth for drains—a 
little deeper is not objectionable; and from one rod 
to twenty-five feet is far enough apart Shelter is 
always advantageous, and well repays for the time 
and soil. 
We have several plans on hand for farm and vil¬ 
lage gardens, and will give one of each in our col¬ 
umns. The one now presented for a farm garden 
is simple and convenient, and may be kept in 
order with very little labor. This is the great 
point for the farmer’s grounds. Mowing three times 
pears, plums, cherries, &c., should have sufficient 
room to fully develop themselves. These should 
uot be less than 25 feet apart and if more, the trees 
will be much better able to produce a large and 
thrifty crop of fruit Some of the fruit growers of 
I he Vest have found that orchards when planted 
closer succeed better, as they are more protected 
from the wind. Experience must be the guide in 
this matter. F is the barn-yard, around which are 
placed the cattle and wagon sheds, with barn, car¬ 
riage house, stable, &c. K K, lane to barn-yard and 
plowed lands. 
In order to adapt this plan as near as possible to 
the purposes and use of the farmer, convenience 
was the primary object. By entering the carriage 
road at B, the dwelling is reached by the shortest 
possible route, and should the person so entering 
desire to return without approaching the stables, 
ample space is afforded at either corner of the 
dwelling for turning a carriage. If all the open 
space between the dwelling and the stables be well 
graveled, it will afford an ample yard for turning 
teams aronnd, ami if a gate is made connecting the 
barn-yard with the lane, K, they can pass to and 
from the barn to the street, without, going near the 
dwelling, which is a very great desideratum; for 
nothing creates a greater litter, or looks more 
slovenly than to see teams passing the dwelling 
wtitine to accept, end have m*vpr received anvthing 
better (ban the plighted frith of the nation in the 
shape of Treasury notes for their services That 
the government should issue one kind of money, 
which should he made legally equal to coin in all 
domestic transactions. That there should he no 
preferred class or interest. The services of the 
laborer or soldier should be esteemed tut important 
and valuable to the government as the interest, on 
accumulated labor or capital, particularly a® the 
fictitious capital furnished hy the hanks. That, 
"tve the people the Ipgal currency, with the privi¬ 
lege of determining Jot themselves the amount of 
circulation nece^arv, and they will take care of 
themselves, sustain the credit of the government 
and mnintHin the integrity ol the Union. That if is 
sid'er to intrust the currency and finances ot the 
country irt the hands and under the direction of 
practical business men, than to allow a few inter¬ 
ested hankers, financiers, and Utopian economists 
to control and regulate them. 
The substance of lh“ prayer of the petitioners is- 
That Congress will authorize and direct the Treas¬ 
ury Department to issue coupon bonds, having thirty 
years to rum of the denomination of one thousand 
dollars and live hundred dollars, each hearing an 
interest of three per cent., and to t ff.-v these bonds 
m the market from time to time as the wants of tho 
" reasury may require ; and. if they are not taken 
at par, tlmn authorize and direct the issue of leeal 
tender Treasury notes, without interest, mndele. 
gaily equal to com in all domestic transactions, in 
denominations to meet all of the wants of the huri- 
ness interests, receivable for all government duties 
(duties on imports included.) and convertible at the 
option of the government info a stock bearing three 
per cent., payable in lawful money of the Unifpil 
States, When a greater amount is put in circulation 
than can nrohnbly tie used in legitimate >>usin—<« jfr 
will be exchanged for stocks, or thev will be taken 
at par. When thi« point Is reached, the amount 'pen 
out should be retained in circulation. This will rive 
to the country a currency of equal value in all parts 
of the Union and of uniform volume at, all times, 
relieving the business interests from the losses caused 
by the disturbances in trade produced by hank pan¬ 
ics, brought about by expansions and contractions of 
the ourrencr or measures of value, which has hereto¬ 
fore proved a bane to all healthy prosperity. This will 
give to the whole people the right of determining 
the amount of currency necessary to transact tho 
To Mend Crockery Ware.— One of the strong¬ 
est cements and easiest applied for this purpose is 
lime and the white of an egg. To use it, take a 
sufficient quantity of the egg to mend one article at 
a time, shave off a quantity of lime, and mix thor¬ 
oughly. Apply quickly to the edges and place 
firmly together, when it will very soon become set 
aud strong. You will mix but a small quantity al 
once, as it hardens very soon so it cannot be used. 
Culciued Plaster of Paris would answer the same 
purpose. 
Boiling Potatoes.— Tnere are many ways of 
boiling potatoes, but only one best way, and this is 
the formula:—Let each mess be of equal size. Let 
the water boil belore putting the potatoes in 
When done, pour off the water and scatter in three 
or four tablespoonfuls of salt, cover tho pot with a 
coarse cloth, and return it to the fire for a short time. 
In five minutes take out and Ferve. Watery pota¬ 
toes are made mealy by this process. 
fmlinttiumt gtoto 
FHUIT GROWER’S SOC’5T OF U. CANADA 
Ens. Rural Nbiv-Yoriier:—W e had a very pleasant meet¬ 
ing of the Fruit Grower’s Society of Upper Canada, in Toronto 
on the 10th inst., and I wish you could have been with us. As 
we wore not favored in this way, however, I send you two 
apples that .ve had on exhibition -the large green specimen 
was shown for a Swaar, by a member of our Society, but a 
number thought it was too large and too much ribbed for that 
variety, I had the genuine Swaar on exhibition, very different 
in appearance, and we agreed to s>nfl the apple in question 
to you fora correct name; aud also a red apple; it looks 
something like the red Canada, but that variety is much larger 
lighter red, and matures four weeks earlier. 
Norval, 0. W., Nov.. 1862. Jakes Jou.xstor. 
We shall certainly embrace the first opportunity for attend 
ing the interesting meetings of this Society. Indeed bad we 
known of the last session in time, we Ihink we should have 
been present at tho last meeting. Wo will suggest that our 
Canada triends do not give sufficient pubticity to the notices 
of their meetings. A friend of yours, and aL-o of the writer 
Chapped Hands. —The following is said to he a 
sui© recipe for the cure of chapped hands:—Dis¬ 
solve three cents’ worth of clarified beeswax in 
tinoe cents worth ot pure sweet oil, by heating over 
a moderate fire. Apply at night before retiring. If 
ItrcE Custard,—B oil three table-spoonfuls of 
rice flour in a pint of milk. Wheu cold add three 
eggs, two ounces of butter, and a tea-spoonful es¬ 
sence of vanilla; sweeten to taste. 
SRortiniltuort AtUmtisrmnits 
Eds. Rural New-Yorker:—I have just becu 
reading an article on American gardeners and gar¬ 
dens in Vol. 11, No. 24, of the Rural, a part of 
which interests me much, f have recently com¬ 
menced on a small farm upon which is no orchard, 
garden, or fruit of any kind excepting wild berries! 
I have set apart half an acre convenient to the house 
for a fruit and vegetable garden, and want to 
get some instruction concerning the best way to 
make this plot of ground into such a garden as you 
describe—one which “will produce all the fruits 
and vegetables that an ordinary family will con¬ 
sume with plenty of space for flowers.” 
The soil of this halt acre seems to be a desirable 
combination of clay aud sand, and I think will prove 
well adapted to garden purposes when properly 
prepared. It needs to be underdrained, and this I 
propose to do immediately, making the drains from 
three to four feet deep. Will this depth be about 
right? What distance apart should the drains be 
put? Will 25 feet be too close? To what depth 
should the soil be enriched, and what means shall I 
use to deepen the soil? Some writers recommend 
trenching by hand to the depth of three feet. This 
would be a costly operation to start with, but per¬ 
haps it would it would pay. I will leave it to your 
decision. 
The next question is the laying out of the garden. 
Shall it be a mixed fruit and vegetable garden, or is 
it best to have the two departments separate? There 
is a very nice plan of a mixed rmrrinn ; n 
Lv Door Gardkxjno -One of the prettiest ways of having 
(towers in rooms is perhaps the fashion of little Imaging has 
kets. In (lower stands and on tables, and even in window 
boxes, it is often difficult to arrange climbers nicely ; they 
either require height in the way of trellises, which we find it 
hard to give, or they droop down in an ungraceful fashion 
To the use of hanging baskets neither of these things happen 
The climbers may if they like twine up the wires or cord or 
they may still more prettily droop down round the basket 
One of the prettiest things for this U the little Campanula, its 
bright blue flowers trail down neatly and yet. closely into a 
lovely carpet, and if in the midst wo place a pretty fern, its 
fronds wave over and make quite a pretty center. ( was told 
tho other day that the Adiantum cuneaturu, one of the very 
loveliest sorts of Maiden Hair, did well for such a purpose 
and this would be, I think, the prettiest kind to try; although 
it is a stove fern, it has been kept for years in a room window, 
and, in fact, it seems one of the most eary of it* class to man¬ 
age. 
The wild pink geranium is another delightful and very aro¬ 
matic bosket plant, aud the little blue lobelia; and the beauti 
ful Torenia Asiatica are also amongst those which droop down 
gracefully and show their beautiful blue flowers. 
In arranging these baskets the grand thing, I think, is to 
give enough dunnage. I always put broken charcoal covered 
with a thin layer of moss, adding afterwards the soil that the 
plants require, and the charcoal occupying a space of perhaps 
two inches, a little water generally collects there. Any one 
used to watering these baskets soon comes to know by weight 
if they are dry or wet, and if by any chance one morning the 
soil should seem still moist, the daily watering ought to be 
then omitted. 
Common black hair-pins are excellent pegs to use for fast 
enhlg down the runners of creeping tilings, when we want 
not to show a quantity of sticks, and for tying up window 
plants the narrow dark green ribbon often used for book 
markers is the best and neatest substitute for bass when a thin 
strip of it is uot found suitable. I have often tried tying up 
plants with worsted, but that holds water too much and is dso 
untidy looking, and threads of netting silk, though invaluable 
for trainers (on which the plants twine lliemselvos.) are too 
apt to cut the stems to be safe for tying— Gard. Chr wick. 
acre; barn-yard, stables, cattle sheds, &c., 35-100 of 
an acre. 
The object kept in view while tnakiog this design, 
was to combine economy and convenience with the 
ornamental, so that neither should be sacrificed to 
the other, and at the same time place it in such a 
form before the readers of the Rural, that any one 
desirous of adopting it, might, by a little variation, 
use it for a place of much larger extent, or even one 
of smaller dimensions, as circumstances or taste 
might dictate. Thus, if we wish to adopt it for a 
small place, we have only to apply a scale of 75 
feet to an inch, instead of the 150 feet, its present 
value, and that will reduce the area to a tritie over 
an acre. If we wish to apply the same plan to a 
much larger place, we can increase the scale to S00 
feet to an inch, or double its present value, which 
will ghe an areu of a trifle over 16 acres. And so 
on, in a greater or less proportion, as circumstances 
may require. For all ordinary sized farms, the plan 
as shown above, will be found the most convenient 
that can be adopted. 
The part marked A on the plan, represents the 
public highway, 66 feet wide, with side-walk 3 12 
feet wide, with a row of trees planted on either side 
of the road. B B, the carriage road to dwelling. 
Those parts marked with a o are portions of the 
ornamental ground, tho ground work of which 
should be beautiful turf. The black dots represent 
ornamental trees and Bhruba of various kinds, aud 
the small patches of flower beds. D, the dwelling 
house, which may be of almost any shape, if the 
base is made to conform to the plan. I, grass ova] 
—on which flowering shrubs are planted—for the 
convenience of turning carriages. E, laundry 
ground, which may be concealed by an evergreen 
OLUME K i g li te n t. h , 1 IS <5 y 
ESTABLISHED BY A J.' DOWNING IN 1816. 
HORTICUIjTTJIIIST 
AND 
Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste. 
PETER B. .MEAD AND 0E0. E. WOODWARD, 
KDITOR8 A.X!> PROPRIETORS, 
A Monthly Magazine, devoted to tho ORCHARD vtvia. 
YARD. GARDEN. hn*i NURSERY ; to outturn under gi,,,/,, 
LANDSCAPE GARDENING, RURAL AR> HITECTURE amj 
the Improvement and iUnbellu.limeut of City, Suburban and 
Country Ho men, ' 
jtnm Uaffittiy.iGSK.-' 1 *" >» 
'• «* —•* 
The DELAWARE GRAPE for April number, and one of the 
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Oue copy one yvqr, invariably In advance.Two Dollars 
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a i\ e jTw! wm!& te & bv "'"A * n,i •M'dresa 
i. AU “ WOODWARD, Publisher? of the Urn ticulturist, 
®7-Jt 37 Park Row New York. 
-v r ■ , o 1N<,; «TOCK 8— JOHN 
4_. GDI MIRY (formerly Bristol & W.l.UAaa,) DansvUle 
Lmngton Co., N. y., invites the attention of ’ 
Planters, Nurserymen and Dealers, 
to his fine stock offcar. Plum, and Apple Seedll.,**. A | g0 
2yearold8tandard and Duart Pear Trees of leHdiugTHrieties 
which he o lie re tor the Fall and Spring trade, cheanfor ruk 1 
eee-iatj JOHN GOUNDRY Dansville Liv Co N Y 
Foreign and American Horticultural Agent 
AND COMMISSION MERCHANT 
PdXHlUl CIOrq ami SAJj.ES rooms 
No. 634 Broadway, near Bleeker Street, New York. 
All xind* of new, rare, and Seedlm* Plante, Fruits Flow*™ 
&c.; Iron, Wire and Rustic Work. French 
American Patent Healers, Foreign and 
AmariMii Books Magazines, Papers. Plates, Designs. Drawing*, 
Pausota Barter!, Hook.—A greenhouse plant; growing 
two feet high; with pink flowers; appearing in summer; in¬ 
creased by division of the roots; groivu in light rich soil. 
An almost stomless herbaceous plant, with large leaves spring¬ 
ing from the root, one to two feet long, attenuated at the apex, 
resembling most some of the cannas. The peduncle is short 
and terminal, erect, bearing a dense raceme of pale purplish 
flowers, tt was one of the discoveries of the Niger expedi¬ 
tion, and plants have flowered at Kew .—Hot. Mag. 
I'RUIT Received. —We have received from several friends 
collections of fruits, See., for name, Sic., which we will notice 
next week. 
