FEW-YOREEH. 
AUlvft 
TSTETWS department. 
Glorious flag ! thy folds shall shelter 
All that tread this hallowed shore, 
Till “sun* shall rise and set” no longer, 
And 11 till time shall he no more.” 
Shout, ye people — let the echoes 
Ring far over land and sea— 
For the flag that ne'er was CCWfUered, 
For the banner of the free I 
ROCHESTER, N. Y„ DECEMBER 13, 1862. 
THE PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE. 
Fallow-citizens of thr Senate and House of U*present alive $ .* 
Sin c r your last annual assembling, another year 
of health and bountiful harvests has passed; and 
while it has not pleased the Almighty to bless us 
with a return of peace, we can hul press on, guided 
by the best light lie gives ns. tnisliug that, in Ilis 
own good lime and wise way, all will jut he well. 
The correspondence touching foreign affairs, which 
has taken place during the last year, is herewith 
subiniited, in virtual compliance with a request to 
that effect, made by the House of Representatives, 
near the close of the last session of Congress. If 
the condition of onr relations with other nations is 
less gratifying than it has usually been at former 
periods, it is certainly more satisfactory than a na¬ 
tion so unhappily distracted as wo are might reason¬ 
ably have apprehended. In the month of June last, 
there were some grounds to expect that the mari¬ 
time powers, which, at the beginning of our domes¬ 
tic difficulties, so unwisely and uinieoes-arily, us 
We think, recognized the insurgents us a belliger¬ 
ent. would soon recede from that position, which 
has proved only less injurious to themselves than to 
our own country; but the temporary reverses which 
allervvnrds befell the naif tan I arms, and which were 
exaggerated by our own disloyal citizens abroad, 
have hitherto delayed that, not of simple justice. 
The civil war which has so radically changed for 
the moment the occupations and habits of the 
American people, has necessarily disturbed the so¬ 
cial condition and affected very deeply the pros¬ 
perity of The nations with which we kuve carried 
on a commerce, that bus been steadily increasing 
throughout a period of'lmlfa century, ft has at the 
same, time excited political ambitions and apprehen¬ 
sions, which have produced a profound agitation 
throughout Hie civilized world. In this unusual 
ugiUdion, we have forborne from taking part in any 
controversy between foreign States and between 
parlies or factious in such States. Wo have attempt¬ 
ed no propagandist and acknowledged no revolu¬ 
tion. Dim. we have lelt to every nation the. exclu¬ 
sive conduct, and management of its own affairs. 
Our struggle has been, of course, contemplated by 
foreign nations with reference less to its own merits 
than to iis supposed and otten exaggerated effects 
and coiiseipumce« resulting to those nations them¬ 
selves. Nevertheless, complaint od the part of this 
government, even if it were just, would certainly 
be unwise. 
The treaty with Great Britain for the suppres¬ 
sion of the slave trade has been pot into opera¬ 
tion, with a good prospect of complete success, it 
is an occasion of special pleasure to acknowledge 
that, the execution of it on the part of her Majesty's 
Government has been marked with a jealous respect 
ior the authority of the United States and the rights 
of their moral and loyal citizens. 
The convention with Hanover for the abolition of 
the slude dues has been carried into lull effect under 
the act of Congress fbr that purpose. 
A blockade of Miree thousand miles of sea coast 
could not lie established and vigorously enforced in 
a season of great commercial uoiivity like the jnrs- 
et" wii lumt i oiinuilling occasional mistakes and in- 
fl'Clng unintentional injuries upon foreign nations 
and their subjects. A civil w-ar occurring in a coun¬ 
try where foreigners reside and carry on trade, 
under treaty stipulations, is necessarily fruitful ol 
complaints of the violation of ueutral rights. All 
such collisions tend to excite misapprehensions 
and, possibly, to produce mutual reclamationshe- 
t ween nations which have a common interest, in 
preserving pence and friendship, in clear cases of 
these kinds, I have, so far as possible, heard and 
redressed complaints which have been presented by 
friendly powers. There is Still, however, a large and 
augmenting number of doubtful cases, upon which 
the government is unable to agree with the govern¬ 
ments whose protection is demanded by the claim¬ 
ants There are, moreover, many cases in which 
the. United Statespr their citizens sutler wrongs from 
the naval or military authorities of foreign nations 
which the governments of those Stales are not ui 
once, prepared to redress. I have proposed to some 
of the foreign States thus interested, mutual con¬ 
ventions' to examine and. adjust such complaints 
This proposition has been made especially u, Great 
Britain, to France, to Spain, and to Prussia, hi 
each ease, it Las been kindly received, but has not 
yet been formal ly adopted. 1 deem it my duty to 
recommend an appropriation in behalf ol the owners 
ot the Norwegian bark Admiral P. Turden*kiold 
which vessel was, in May. 18(11, prevented by the 
commander of the blockading force off' Charleston 
from leaving that port with cargo. noLwirbsiandiu”- 
a similar privilege hud shortly before been granted 
to an English vessel. I huva dityoted the Secretary 
ot State to cause the papers in the case, to be cum- 
muutcatcd to the proper committees. 
Application have been made to me by many free 
America us of African descent to favor their emi "Ta¬ 
tum, with a view to such colonization as was con¬ 
templated in recent acts of Congress. Other par¬ 
ties, at home and abroad, some trom interested mo¬ 
tives, uttiers upon patriotic considerations, and hUH 
others influenced by philanthropic sentiments, have 
suggested similar measura*; while, on the other 
hand, several of the Spanish American Republics 
have protested against the sending of such colonies 
to their respective territories. Under these circum¬ 
stances, l have declined to move any such Colony to 
any stale without first obtaining the consent uf its 
government, Willi an agreement on its part to re¬ 
ceive and protect such emigrants in all the rights of 
ii<- uun. and 1 have at the same time offered to the 
geverui States situated within the tropic-, or having 
enemies I Imre, to negotiate with them, subject to the 
advice ami consent ot the Senate, to favor the vol¬ 
untary emigration uf persons of that. class to their 
respectvo terrilonetj upon conditions which shall 
be eipiai,jum, and humane. Lihoriu and Uayti are 
a* yel the only countries to which colonists ol Afri¬ 
can descent from here could go with certainty of 
being received and adopted as citizens, and I re "ret 
to say such persons cuntomplating ' colonization 
do not seem so willing to migrate to those coun¬ 
tries as to some Others, nor so willing, as ! think 
their interest demands, i believe, however, opin- 
lou among them in this respect is improvum-. and 
that ere long, there will be an augmented and con¬ 
siderable- emigration to both these countries kom 
the united States. 
Tne new commercial treaty between the United 
ytales and the Suitatiot 1 urkey has been carried 
into execution. A commercial and consular treaty 
• i J t t u “'.‘gli ded, subject to the Senate » cuu&eur, 
with Lilboim. and a.similar negotiation is now peml- 
ti.c vvirli the Republic of llayti. a cot) side rattle 
improvement ot the ua iorrU commerce is expected 
to result from these measures. Our relations with 
Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Prussia 
Russu Denmark, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, 
Italy. Rome, nud the other European Stales, remain 
undisturbed. Very favorable relations also con¬ 
tinue lo be mum tallied With Turkey, Morocco, China, 
and Japan. During the last year, there has not 
only been no change of our previous relations with 
the independent Slates of our own continent, but 
tnore friendly sentiments than have heretofore ex¬ 
isted are believed lo t,e entertained by these neigh¬ 
bors, whoso safety and progress me so intimately 
connected with our own This statement, especially 
applies to Mexico, Cost,i Rios, Nicaragua, Honduras, 
Peru, and Chili. The Cum miss ton muter the Con¬ 
vention with 'lie Republic of New Granada closed 
its session without having audited and passed upon 
all thejdaims which were submitted lo it. A propo¬ 
sition is pending «> revive the convention- Unit it 
may be able to do more complete justice. The joint 
Commission between ifie Uuited States and the Re¬ 
public of Costa Rica has completed its labors and 
submitted its report. 
I have fuvoted the project for connecting the 
United States with Europe hy an Atlantic telegraph, 
and a similar project to extend t he telegraph from 
San Francisco to connect by a Pacific telegraph with 
the line, w hich is being extended across the Russian 
empire. 
i tie Territories of the United States, with unim- 
portuut exceptions, have remained undisturbed 
by the civil war; and they are exhibiting such evi¬ 
dence of prosperity ua justifies an expectation that 
some ot them will soon be in a condition to be or¬ 
ganized us States, and be constitutionally admitted 
into the Federal Union. The immense mineral re¬ 
sources of some of those Territories ought to be 
developed as rapidly as possible. Every step in 
that direction would have a tendency to improve the 
revenues of the government, and diminish the bur¬ 
dens ot the people. It is worthy of your serious 
consideration whether some extraordinary measures 
to promote that end cannot be adopted. The means 
which suggests itself as most, likely to be effective, 
is a scientific exploration of Hie mineral regions in 
ihose '1 erritones, with a view to the. publication of 
us results at home and in foreign count) iea—results 
which cannot fail to be auspicious. 
Tim condition of the finances will claim your most 
diligent. cnnGiRraliori. The vast expenditures in¬ 
cident to the military and naval operations required 
lor the suppression of the rebellion have berm hith 
erto met with a promptitude and certainty unusual 
in similar circumstances ; and the public credit has 
been tally maintained. The continuance of the war, 
however, and the increased disbursements made 
necessary by the augmented torces now in the field, 
demand your host reflections as to the best; modes oi 
providing the necessary revenue, without injury to 
business, and with the least possible burdens upon 
labor. 
The suspension of Specie payments by the Banks, 
soon idler the commencement’of your Inst session, 
made large issues of United States uotes unavoid¬ 
able. In no other way could the payment of the 
troops, anil the satisfaction of other just demands, 
be so economically or so well provided for. The 
judicious legislation of Congress, securing the re- 
cei validity of these notes for loans and internal du¬ 
ties, and making them a legal tender fur other debts, 
has made them a universal currency, and has satis¬ 
fied partially at least, and for the time, tint long felt 
want of an uniform circulating medium, saving 
thereby to the people immense sums in discounts 
and exchanges. A return to specie payments, how¬ 
ever, at the earliest period compatible with due re- 
gani to all interests concerned, should ever be kept 
in view. Fluctuations in the value ol' currency arc 
always injurious, and to reduce these fluctuations 
to the lowest possible point will always be a leading 
purpose in wise legislation. Convertibility, prompt 
and certain convertibility into coiu, is generally ac¬ 
knowledged to be the best and surest safeguard 
against them ; and it is extremely doubtful whether 
a circulation ot United States notes, payable in coin, 
and sufficiently lurge for the wants oi' the people, 
can be permanently, usefully, and safely maintained. 
la there, then, any other mode iu which the neces¬ 
sary provision for the public wants can be made, 
ami the great, advantages of a safe and uniform cur¬ 
rency secured f 
1 know ol none which promises so certain results, 
and is, at the same time, so unobjectionable as Ihe 
organization ol banking associations, under a gen¬ 
eral act of Congress, well guarded in its provisions. 
To such associations the government, might furnish 
circulating notes, au Ilia security of United States 
bonds deposited in the Treasury. These notes, pre¬ 
pared under the supervision ut proper officers, being 
uniform in appearance and secnvRy, and converti¬ 
ble always imo coin, would at once protect labor 
against Hie toils Qf a vicious currency, and facilitate 
commerce by cheap and safe exchanges. 
A moderate reservation from Hie Interest, on the 
bonds would compensate the United Slates for the 
preparation and distribution of the notes, and a gen¬ 
eral supervision of the system, and would lighten 
the burden of that part of the public de t employed 
as securities. The public credit, moreover, would 
he greatly improved, and the negotiation of new 
loans greatly facilitated by t ie steady market de¬ 
mand tor government bonds wtiich the adoption of 
the proposed system would create. 
It is uu additional recotutnendaton of the measure, 
of Considerable weight, in my judgm nt, I ImL it won Id 
reconcile as far as possible ail existing interests, by 
the oppartiuiily offered to existing institutions to 
reorganize under the act, substituting only the. .se¬ 
cured uniform national circulation fbr the local and 
various circulation, secured and unsecured, now 
issued by them. 
The receipts into the Treasury, from all sources, 
including loans, and balance Irom the preceding 
year, for lha fiscal year ending cm the doth of .1 unw. 
1862, were $583,885,247.00, of which sum $43,060,331 
62 were derived from custom'*; $1,796.331 73 irum 
the direct tax; from public lands $152,203 77; from 
miscellaneous sources, $031,787 04; Ruin loans in 
nil forms, $520,65)3,400 &0. The remainder, $2257.- 
005 SO, was the balance from last year. 
The disbursements during the same period were 
for Congressional, Executive ami Judicial purposes, 
$5,030,009.29; for foreign intercourse, $1 339,710.35 ; 
tor miscellaneous expenses, including the mints, 
loans, post office doficlencies, collection of revenue, 
and other like charges, $11. 129 771 50; for expenses 
under the Interior Department, $3 102.985 62; under 
tile War Department, $394 808.407.50; under the 
Navy Department, $42 074,509.09: lur interest on 
public debt,_$ 13,190,324.46, ami for payment ot the 
public debt, including reimbursement of temporary 
loan, and redemptions, $90.090 9221)9; making an 
aggregate of $570,841,700.25,' and leaving a balance 
in the Treasury on the 1st day ol July, RS62, ol 
$13,043 540 81. J 1 
It should be observed that the sum of $96.0%.- 
922 09, expended for reimbursements and redemp¬ 
tion of public debt, being included also iu the loans 
made, may be properly deducted, both from receipts 
aud expenditures, leaving the actual receipts for the 
year $487.788,32407, and the expenditures, $474,- 
744.77810. ’ 
Other information on the subject of the finances 
will be found in the report ol the Secretary of Ihe 
Treasury, to whose statements and views I invite 
your most caudiil and considerate utlnation. 
The reports ol' the Secretaries of War and of the 
Navy are herewith transmitted. These reports, 
though lengthy, are scarcely more than brief ab¬ 
stracts of the very numerous and extensive trans¬ 
actions and operations conducted through ihu.se 
Departments. Nor could 1 give a summary of them 
here, upon any principle which would admit of its 
bulug nmern nhorter than Ihe reports themselves. I 
therefore content myself with laying the reports 
before you, and askiug your attention to them. 
It, gives me pleasure to report a derided improve¬ 
ment iu the financial condition of the Dost Office 
Department, as compared with seve.ral precedin' 1, 
years. The receipts lor the fiscul year 1801 arnuuuL- 
ed to $8349,290,40, which embraced the revenue 
from all the States of the Union lor three-quarters 
of that year. Notwithstanding the cessation of 
revenue trotn the so-called seceded States durin* T 
the last fiscal year, the increase of the correspond^ 
once ol the loyal States has been sufficient lo pro¬ 
duce a revenue during the same yoarot $8,299- 
820.90, being only $50,000 less than was derived 
trom uLl the States ot the Union during the previous 
year. The expenditures show a stiff more favora¬ 
bly result. The amount expended in 1801 was 
$13 000,759.11. Fur ihe last year the amount has 
bceu reduced to $11,125,30413, showing a decrease 
of about $2,481,000 iu llm expenditures as compared 
with the preceding year, and about $3,750,900 as 
compared with the liseal year 1800. The deficiency 
in the Department tor the previous year was $4,551,- 
900 98- For the last fiscal year it was reduced to 
$2,112,814 57. These favorable results are in pan 
owing to the cessation of mall service iu the insur¬ 
rectionary States, and in part to a careful revie/v of 
all expenditures in that department in the interest 
of economy. The efficiency of the postal service, it 
| is believed, has also been much improved. The 
; Posthiaeter General has also opened a correspond¬ 
ence, through the Department ot Stare, with foreign 
governments, proposing a convention ef postal 
lepresentaiives IV*r the purpose uf simplifying the 
rales ol loreign postage, and to expedite the foreign 
mails. This proposition, equally important to our 
adopted citizens ami to the. commercial interests ot 
this country, has been favorably entertained and 
agreed to by all the governments from whom re¬ 
plies have been received. 
I ask the atteulion of Congress (o (he suggestions 
ol the Postmaster Genera! in his report respecting 
the further legislation required, in his opinion, for 
ih" benefit of the postal service. 
The Secretary of tie Interior reports as follows in 
regard to the public lands:—“The public lands 
have ceased to be a source of revenue. From the 
1st July, ]8fil, to ihe 30 th September, 1802, Hie 
entire cash receipts from the sale of lands wete 
$137,176 26—a sum much less than the expenses ot 
our laud system during the Burnt* period. Tile 
honieslead law, which will lake effect oil Ihe 1st of 
January next, offers such inducements to settlers 
that sales for cash cannot be expected, to an extent 
sufficient to meet (be expense ol me General Land 
Office, and i In* cost, of surveying and bringing the 
land into market,” 
The discrepancy between llm sum hero stated as 
arising from the sales of the public lands, and the 
sum derived from f,h» same source as reported from 
the Treasury Department, arises, as 1 understand, 
from the fact that the period-• ot time, though appa¬ 
rently, were not really coincident at the beginning 
point—the Treasury report including a considera¬ 
ble sum now which had previously been reported 
from the Interior—sufficiently large to greatly over¬ 
reach the sum derived from the three, months now 
reported upou by ihe Interior, aud not by the 
Treasury. 
Tile Indian tribes upon our frontiers have, during 
the past, year, manifested a spirit of insubordina¬ 
tion. and, at several points, have engaged in open 
hostilities against, the white settlements in their 
vicinity. The tribes occupying the Indian country 
south of Kansas renounced their allegiance to the 
United States, and eutored into treaties with 'he 
insurgents. Those who remained loyal to the Uni- 
led States were driven from the country. The chid 
of Hie Chorokees has visited this city for the pur¬ 
pose of restoring llm former relations of the tribe 
will llm United Slates. He alleges that they were 
constrained, by superior force, to enter into treaties 
with the insurgents, and that the United States neg¬ 
lected to furnish the protection which their treaty 
stipulations required. 
In the month of August last the Sioux Indians, in 
Minnesota, attacked the settlements in their vicinity 
with extreme ferocity, killing, indiscriminately, 
men, women, and children. This attack was wholly 
unexpected, and therefore no means of defense had 
been provided, It is estimated that cot, less than 
eight hundred persons were killed by Ihe Indian. , 
and a, large nraouul of property was destroyed. 
How this outbreak was induced is uof definitely 
known, and suspicions, which may he icqjust, need 
not to he slated, information was received by tin 
Indian Bureau, from different, sources, about Mu- 
time hostilities were ootuineticed, that a simulta¬ 
neous attack was to be made upon the white settle- 
ments by all the tribes between the Mississippi 
river and the Rocky Mountains, The Slate of Min¬ 
nesota has suffered great injury from this Indian 
war. A large portion of Imr territory has beer 
depopulated, and a severe loss has been sustainee 
by the destruction of property. The people of tlm' 
Slate manifest much anxiety thr the removal of th> 
tribes beyond the limits of the State, as a guarantee 
against figure hnslilHies. The Commissioner u 
Indian Affairs will furnish full details. I submit 
foe your especial consideration whether our Indian 
system shall not be remodeled. Many wise and 
good men have impressed me with the belief that 
this can t>o profital ly done. 
/ submit a statement nr'the proceedings of com¬ 
missioners. which shows the progress that has been 
made iu tin* enterprise of o*.,* •- meting the Puri He 
railroad. And this suggests llm earliesl completion 
of this road, and also the favorable ac'ion of Con¬ 
gress u pon the projeets now pending before them for 
enlarging die capacities of Ihe great canals in New 
York and Illinois, as being of vital and rapidly 
increasing importance to the whole nation, and 
especially to the vast interior region hereinafter to 
be noticed at some greater length, J purpose hav¬ 
ing prepared and laid before you at an early day 
some interesting and valuable statistical inhuma¬ 
tion upon this subject. The military and com¬ 
mercial importance of enlarging t.he'jlliiiois and 
Michigan canal, and improving the Illinois river, 
is presented iu the report of Col. Webster to the 
Secretary Ol War, and now transmitted to Congress, 
i respectfully ask atienlion to it. 
To carry out the provisions of the act of Congress 
ot the 15th of May last, T have caused the Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture of the United States to be 
organized. 
The Commissioner informs me that within the 
period of a few months this department has estab¬ 
lished an extensive system of correspondence and 
exchanges, both at home and abroad, which prom¬ 
ises to effect highly beneficial results in the devel¬ 
opment of a covrect knowledge of recent improve¬ 
ments in agriculture, in the introduction ot new 
products, and in the collection of the agricultural 
statistics of the different States. Also, that it will 
soon be prepared to distribute largely seeds, cereals, 
plants aud cuttings, anil has already published and 
liberally, diffused much valuable information in 
anticipation of a more elaborate report, which will 
in due time be furnished, embracing some valuable 
tests in chemical Bcience, now in progress in the 
laboratory. 
The creation of this department was for the more 
immediate benefit of a large class of our most val¬ 
uable citizens; and I trust that the liberal basis 
upon which it has been organized will not only 
meet your approbation, hut. Ilmt it will realize, at 
nr> distant day, all the fondest anticipations of its 
most sanguine friends, aud become the fruitful 
source of advantage to all our people. 
On Ihe 22 d day of September last a proclamation 
was issued hy .the Executive, a copy of which is 
herewith submitted. In accordance with the pur¬ 
pose expressed in the second paragraph of that 
paper, I now respectfully recall your attention to 
what in ay be called “ compensated emancipation.” 
A nation may be said to consist of its territory, its 
people, and its laws. The territory is the only part 
which is of curtain durability. “One generation 
parseth away and another generation gmnOtb, but 
rho earth abide lit forever.” It is of the first import¬ 
ation to dill v consider and estimate this ever** ndur- 
mg part. That portion of the earth’s surface which 
is owned anu inhabited by the people of the United 
States is well adapted to the home of otic national 
family; and it is not well adapted for two or more. 
Its vast extent aud its variety of climate and pro¬ 
ductions are of advantage in this age for one people, 
whatever they might have boon in former ages. 
Steam, telegraphs, and intelligence have broiighl 
these to he an advantageous combination for one 
united people. 
In the inaugural Address l briefly pointed out the 
total Inadequacy of disunion as a remedy lur the 
differences between the people of the two sections. 
! did so in language which 1 cannot improve, and 
which, therefore, I beg to repeat: 
“One section of out country believes slavery is 
rii/ht , a id ought to be extended, while the other be¬ 
lieves it is wrong, and ought not to be extended. 
This is the only substantial dispute. The fugitive 
slave clause of the Constitution, and the law for the 
suppression, of ihe foreign slave trade, are each us 
well enforced, perhaps as any law can ever be in a 
community where the moral sens© of the people 5m 
perfectly supports the law itself. The great body 
of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in 
both discs, and a lew break over in each. This. I 
think, cannot be perfectly cured; and it would be 
worse in both cases after the separation of the sec¬ 
tions than before. Tim foreign slave trade, now im¬ 
perfectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived 
without restriction in one section; while fugitive 
slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not 
bo surrendered at all by the oMier. 
l - Physically speaking, we cannot, separate. We 
cannot, remove our respective sections from each 
other, nor build an impassable wall between them 
A husband and wife may be divorced and go out, of 
ihe presence aud beyond the reach of each other; 
hut thu different parts ol our country cannot, do this. 
Tlmy Cannot but remain face iofacts; aud intercourse, 
ell her amiable or hostile, must continue between 
them. Is it possible, then, to make that intercourse 
more advantageous or more satisfactory after sepa¬ 
ration than before ? Can aliens make treaties easier 
than ldeads cun make laws? Can treaties be more 
faithfully enforced la*tween aliens than laws can 
among friends? Suppose you go to war, you oannot 
liglil always; and wlten, after much loss on both 
ridep. and uo gain on the other, yon cease fighting, 
the identical old questions, as to terms of inter¬ 
course, are again upon you." 
There is no line, simight or crooked, suitable for a 
national boundary upon which to uivide. Trace 
through, from east to vest, the line between the fret* 
and slave country, and we shall find a little more 
than one-third of its length are rivers, easy lo lie 
crossed, and populated, or soon lo lie populated, 
thickly upon both sides; while nearly all us remain¬ 
ing length are merely surveyors’ lines, over which 
people may walk back and forth without, any cou- 
'duustieas of their presence, No part ol iliis line 
can be made any more difficult lo pass by writing it 
down on paper, or parchment, us a national bound¬ 
ary. I lit- tact of separation, it it comes, gives up, 
on the part of the seceding section, the lugitiv** 
slave clause, along with all other constitutional obli- 
sraiuitjfi upon the section sereded from, while I should 
expect no treaty stipulation would ever be made to 
take ite place. 
But there is another difficulty. The grpat, interior 
region, bounded east, bv Mie Alleghenies, north by 
the British dominions, west by the Rocky Moutl- 
lains, and south by the line along which ihe culture 
bf and cotton meets, and which includes part 
*d Virginia, part ot Tennessee, all nt Kentucky, 
Ohio, Indian a, Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Mis¬ 
souri, Kansas, Iowa, Minnesota, and ihe Territories 
of Dakota, Nebraska, and part of Colorado, already 
has above ten millions of people, and will have filly 
millions within fifty years if not prevented by any 
poliucnl tody or mistake. It contains more than 
one-third of the country owned by the United States; 
certainly myte Hum one million of square miles. 
Once hull as populous as Massachusetts already is, 
it would have more than seventy-five millions of 
people. A glance at the map shows that, territori¬ 
ally speaking, it is the great body of the Republic. 
I lie ojher parts are but marginal borders to it, the 
magnificent region sloping west trom the Rocky 
Mto Hie being Mu* Meekest find also 
the richest in undeveloped resources. In the pro¬ 
duction of provisions, grains, grasses, and nil which 
profccodli om them, this great, interior region is natur¬ 
ally one of the most import ant in f be world. Ascertain 
Irom the statistic■* the small proportion of the region 
whi’ h has as yen been brought into cultivation, and 
also ftie large and rapidly increasing amuiiutot its 
product, and we shall be overwhelmed with the 
magnitude Ot the prospect, presented. Aud yet this 
region has no >ea-crmsi, touches no ocean any where. 
\s part'd one nation, i*a people now find, and may 
Rawer find, their way to Europe hy New York, to 
■'muth America and Africa by New Orleans, and to 
Vsm by Sail Francisco. But separate our common 
country into two nations,ns designed by the present 
rebellion, aud every man of this great interior re- 
<mn Is thereby cut oil from some one or more of 
iliese outlets, not perhaps hy a physical barrier, but 
by embarrassing and onerous trade regulations. 
And tins is true, wherever a dividing or boundary 
bun may lie fixed. Place it between the now free 
nut slave country, or place it south of Kentucky or 
north ot Ohio, and still the truth remains that, none 
south of it can trade to any port or place north of 
'Hand none imrUi ol it can trade to any port or place 
south oi it, except upon terras dictated by a govern¬ 
ment foreign to them. These outlets, East, West, 
uid South, are indispensable to the well-being of 
lie people Inhabiting and to inhabit this vast iuto- 
i ior region. Which of the three may be Ihe host is 
no proper question. All are better than either, and 
ill ot ri lit hotimg to that people and to their suc¬ 
cessors forever. True lo themselves, they will not 
u-k where a line of separation shall lie, but will vow 
rathej* that there shall bo uo such line. Nor arc the 
marginal regions le-s interested in these coiumuni- 
Odious to and through them to the great outside 
world. They, ton, and each of them, must have 
access 10 this Egypt, of ihe West, with.ml paying toll 
at the crossing ot any national boundary. 
Our national strife springs not from our perma¬ 
nent part; nol from the laud we inhabit; not 
from our national homestead. There is no pos- 
ible severing ot this, but would multiply and 
not mitigate evils, among us. In all iig adaptations 
and aptitudes, R demands union and abhors separa¬ 
tion. Iu tact, it would ere long force re-union, how¬ 
ever much blood and treasure the separation might 
have cost. 
Our strife pertains to ourselves—to the passing 
generations ot men; and can without, convulsion be 
hushed forever with the passing of one generation. 
In this view, I recommend (lie adoption of the 
following resolution and articles amendatory to the 
Constitution of ihe United States: 
U idluol, By tint Senate nnd House of Representatives of 
the ft)!'*''! stiiO's nf America, in Oingrex* uwmhlnl tvvo- 
lliirU" "I" noth Ib.uHi-K concurring, Unit r.hn following Articles 
la* proposed to tin* bcguliirvrcs *ir < IcnuPntious of the sevcnil 
Suites, a- Amendments to the Constitution of the United Stares 
»U nr any nl winch Articlts. when nUilied bv three-fourths ot' 
1 he said U'gbl.itures Or Convention,*, to be Valid u* ;« part or 
parts of the said Constitution, vis ; 1 
AitTim.it Every State wherein Slavery How exists which 
shall aboli-h the same iherein at any pine or times before the 
first day of .Rntmrv in the year of our l.ord one thousand 
nine hundred, shall receive compensation from the United 
States, as follows, to wit; 
The President of die United States shall d- liver to every such 
State bond* of the United States, bearing interest at. the rate of 
-for each slave shown to have been therein by the I*;,elan 
Uen.-'is ut the United States, said bonds to be delivered to such 
State bv instalments, or in one parcel, at. the completion of 
the abolishment, w-.enrdiugly as the same si,alt have been .-rad 
aal oralmo- time within such State; and interest shall beiriu 
t'J run upon any sUOh bond only from the proper time of its 
delivery ax aforesaid. Any State having received bonds as 
aforesaid, and a Iter wards re Introducing or tolerating slavery 
therein, shall refund io the United Slates thehonUssn received 
or the value thereof, and all interest paid thereon 
A icrnu.K— All slaws who shall Imre enjoyed actual freedom 
by thu chances of war, at. any time, before the etui of the ..... 
hellion, shall ho forever free; but all uwners of inch who shall 
not have been disloyal shall he compensated for rhem, at thu 
saute ratea M >8 provided for State* adopting abolishment of 
slavery, but in such way tlmt no slave shall be twice accounted 
for. 
ARTinr.K—OnngrcRfl may appropriate money, and otherwise 
provide, fur colouring free colored person', with their own 
consent, at any place or places without the I..filed States. 
1 bpg indulgence to discuss these proposed arti¬ 
cles at somu length. Without, slavery Mm rebellion 
could never have existed ; without slavery it could 
not continue. 
Among the friends of the. Union there is great di¬ 
versity of sentiment and ol policy in regard to sla¬ 
very, and the African race amongst us. .Some would 
perpetuate slavery; souu- would abolish it suddenly 
and without compensation; some would abolish it 
gradually and with compensation; some would re¬ 
move the freed people from us, and some would re¬ 
tain them with us; and there are vet other minor 
diversities. Because of these diversities we waste 
much strength in struggles among ourselves. By 
mutual concession we should harmonize and act to¬ 
gether. This would be compromise; but it would 
be compromise among the friends and not with the 
enemies of the Union. These articles are intended 
to embody a plan of such mutual concessions. If 
the plan shall be adopted it is assumed that emanci¬ 
pation will follow at least, in several of the States. 
Ah to the first article the main points are: first, the 
emancipation; secondly, the length of time lor con¬ 
summating it—thirty-seven years; and. thirdly, the 
compensation. 
The emancipation will he uusutisractiory to the ad- 
vocatesof perpetual slavery; but the length of time 
should greatly mitigate their dissatisfaction. The 
time spares both races from the evils of sudden de¬ 
rangement—in fact from the necessity of any de¬ 
rangement— while most of those whose habitual 
course of thought will be disturbed by the measure 
will have passed away before iis consummation. 
They will never see iff Another class will hail the 
prospect of emancipation, hut will deprecate the 
length of time. They will feel that it. gives mo lit¬ 
tle to the now living slaves. But ic really gives 
them much, it saves them from the vjjrunt desti¬ 
tution which must largely attend immediate eman¬ 
cipation in localities where their numbers are very 
great; void it gives thu inspiring a-uirance that, their 
posterity shall be free forever. Thu [>l»u leaves to 
each State choosing to act under it to abolish slavery 
now or at the end ot the century, or a) any interme¬ 
diate limt*, or by degrees, extending over the whole 
or Any part of the period; and it obliges no two 
Stales t.o proceed alike. )i also piovidea for com¬ 
pensation, and generally tie mode of making it. 
This, it would seem, must further mitigate the dis¬ 
satisfaction of those who favor perpetual slavery, 
and especially of those who are to receive the com¬ 
pensation, Doubtless some of those who are to pay 
and not to receive will object. Yet the measure is 
noth just and economical In a certain sense, the 
liberal ion of slaves Is the destruction of property 
property acquired hy descent or by purchase, the 
same as any other property. It is no less true lor 
having been often said, that the people of the South 
are not more responsible for the original introduc¬ 
tion of this properly than are the people of the 
North; and when it is remembered how unhesi¬ 
tatingly we all use cotton and sugar, and share the 
profits of dealing in them, it may not be quite safe 
to say that the South has been more responsible than 
ihe North tor iis continuance. If, then, ]dr a com¬ 
port] object this property is to be sacrificed, is it not 
just that it be done at a common charge ? 
And if with less money, or money tnore easily 
paid, we cao preserve the benefits of the Union by 
this menus than we can by the war alone, is it. not 
also economical to do it? Let us consider it then. 
Eet 113 ascertain the sum we have expended in the 
war since compensated emancipation was proposed 
last March, and consider whether, jt that, measure 
had been promptly accepted by even some of the 
-Slave States, the same sum would not have done 
more to close the war thuti lias been otherwise done. 
If so, ilie measure would save money, and, iu that 
view, would be a prudent anil economical measure. 
Certainly It is not so easy to pay something ae it is 
to pay Hulking j but it is easier to pay a l/irje. sum 
ihan it is to pay a l<ir<jer one. And it is easier to pay 
any sum token we are able than it is ro pay it before 
we are able. The war requires large sums, and re¬ 
quires them at, once. The aggregate sum necessary 
tor compensated emancipation of course would be 
large. But it would require no ready cash, nor the 
bonds even, any faster than the emancipation pro¬ 
gresses, This might nor, nod probably would not, 
close before the end of the thirty-seven years. At 
that, time we shall probably have a hundred mil¬ 
lions of people to share the bunion,instead of thirty- 
one millions, as now. And not only so, but the in¬ 
crease of our population may he expected to con¬ 
tinue for a Jong time after that period as rapidly as 
before; because our territory will not, lmvo become 
full. I do uot state this inconsiderately. 
At the same ratio of increase vribeli we have main¬ 
tained, on an average, from our first national census 
in 1790, until that of I860, we should in 1900 have a 
population of 103,208,415. And why may we not 
continue that, ratio far beyond that period ? Our 
abundant room—our broad national homestead—is 
Our ample resource. Were our territory as limited 
as are the British Isles, very certainly our popula¬ 
tion could not expand as stated. Instead of receiv¬ 
ing the foreign bom as now. we should be com¬ 
pelled to send part of the native bom away. But 
such is nut our condition. We have two millions 
nine hundred ami sixty-three thousand square miles. 
Europe has three millions and eight hundred thou¬ 
sand. with a population averaging seventy-three 
and one-third persons to the square mile. Why may 
not our country at. some time average as many ? fa 
it less fertile ? lias it more waste surface, by moun¬ 
tains, rivers, lakes, deserts, or other causes ? Is it 
interior to Europe fu any natural advantage ? If 
then we are, at, some lime, to fie as populous as 
Europe, how soon t As to when this may be, we can 
judge by the past aud the present; as to when iu oill 
he, if ever, depends much on whether we maintain 
the Union. Several of our States are alrpad v above 
the average of Europe—seventy-three and a third lo 
the square mile. Afas.-aejiuvetts 1 ms 157; Rhode 
Island, 133; Connecticut, 99; New York and New 
J ersey, each 80. Also two oi her great States, Perm- 
Hylvania and Ohio, are not far below, the former 
having G3 and the latter 59. The States already 
above the European average, except New York, 
have increased in as rapid a ratio, since passing 
that point, its ever before,* while no one of them is 
equal to some other parts of our country in natural 
capacity for musUviniug a dense population. 
Taking ihe nation in the aggregate, and we find 
its population and ratio of increase, for the several 
decennial periods, to be as follows: 
1790 - 
USOO - 
... - 3.929.827 
. - - - 6,306,937 
86 02 
per cent, ratio ofincrease. 
11 u u 
1810 
--- - 7,239,814 
3f).-te 
is*jo - 
... - 9,838.131 
33.43 
(t It it 
1880 - 
... - 12,886,020 
33.4!) 
tt ti u 
1840 - 
- - - • 17,069,463 
32.67 
*t tt u 
I860 ■ 
- - - - 23,191.876 
o,YK7 
tt (4 U 
I8II0 - 
- - - - 34,443,790 
35.6S 
t‘ it tt 
This sbowH an average decennial increase ol 34.60 
pec cent* in population through the seventy years, 
from our first to our last Census yet taken. It is 
seen that the ratio of increase at'no one of these 
two periods, is either two per cent, below or two 
percent, above the average; thus showing how in¬ 
flexible, and consequently how reliable the law of 
increase in our oase is. Assuming that it will con¬ 
tinue, gives the lollowihg results: 
1870 
- 
- 
42,323.341 
48.80 
- - 
60,907,216 
1890 
76,077.872 
luuo 
103,208,416 
1940 
- 
138,918,626 
1020 
1 SO,984,336 
1930 
261.0S0.914 
These figures show* that our country may be as 
populous as Europe now is at some point between 
1920 and 1930—say about 1925—our territory, at sev¬ 
enty-three and a third persons to the square mile, 
being of capacity to contain 217.180.000. 
And we wuW reach this, too, it we do not ourselves 
relinquish the chauee. by the toliy and evils of dis¬ 
union. or hy long and exhausting wars springing 
from the only grant element ol national discord 
among us. While it cannot be foreseen exactly huw 
much one huge example of secession, breeding less¬ 
er ones indefinitely, would retard population, civi¬ 
lization, and prosperity, no one can doubt that the 
extent of it would be very great and injurious. 
The proposed emancipation would shorteu the 
war, perpetuate peace, insure this increase of popu¬ 
lation, and proportionately the wealth of the 
couutry. With these, wo should pay all the eman¬ 
cipation would cost, together with our oilier debt, 
easier than we should pay our other debt without it. 
if we had allowed our old national debt to run at 
six per ceil!, per annum, simple interest, from the 
end of our Revolutionary struggle until to-day, 
without paying anything on either principal or in¬ 
terest, each man of us would owe less upou that 
debt now than each man owed upou it then; and 
this because our increase of men, through the whole 
period, has been greater than six percent.; has run 
buster than the interest upon the debt. Thus, 
lime alone relieves a debtor naiion. su long as its 
population increases faster than unpaid iu (crest ac¬ 
cumulates uu Its debt. 
This fact would be no excuse for delaying pay¬ 
ment of what i« justly due; but it shows ihe great 
importance of lime in this connection—the great ad¬ 
vantage of a policy by which we shall not have to 
pay until we number a hundred millions, what, by 
a different policy, wo would have to pay now, when 
we number but thirty-one millions. In u word, it 
shows that a dollar will he much harder to pay lor 
the war than will be a dollar for emancipation on 
ihe proposed plan. Aud then the latter will cost no 
bllood, no precious lite. It will be a saving ol both. 
As to the second article, I think it would be im¬ 
practicable to return to bonduge the cla*s of persons 
therein contemplated. Some of them, doubtless, in 
the property sense, belong to loyal owners; and 
hence provision is made iu this article for compen¬ 
sating such. 
The third article relates (o the future of the freed 
people. It does not, oblige, but merely authorizes 
Gongro.-s to aid in colonizing such as may consent. 
This ought not to be regarded as objectionable on 
the one hand, or on the other in so much as it comes 
to nothing unless by the mutual consent of the peo¬ 
ple to be deported, a* d the American voters, through 
their represcnlativ-.' in Congress. 
I etui not make it better known than it already is 
that 1 strongly favor olmtizalion. And jet I wish 
to my there is u:i objection urged against free color¬ 
ed person8rern -iuttig in the country which is largely 
imaginary, if not sometimes malicious. 
It is insisted that their presence would injure and 
displace white labor and white laborers. If there 
ever could be a proper time for mere catch argu- 
menfs, that time surely is riot now. iu Mines like 
ihe present men should ir 'er nothing for which they 
Would not willingly be responsible through time 
and in eternity. Is ii (rue, then, that colored peo¬ 
ple cau displace any more white labor by being free 
loan hy remaining serves? If they stay b: their old 
places they jos le no white laborers; it 'hey leave 
their old pl aces they leave them open to while labor¬ 
ers. Logically, there is neither mot e nor less of it. 
Emancipation, even without deportation, would 
